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Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology Volume 12

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Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology Volume 12 ISSN 2146‐7242 Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology Volume 12, Issue 4 October 2013 Prof. Dr. Aytekin İşman Editor‐in‐Chief Prof. Dr. Jerry WILLIS ‐ ST John Fisher University in Rochester, USA Prof. Dr. J. Ana Donaldson ‐ AECT President Editors Fahme DABAJ, Ph.D. ‐ Eastern Mediterranean University, TRNC Associate Editor Assoc.Prof.Dr. Eric Zhi ‐ Feng Liu ‐ National Central University, Taiwan Assistant Editor TOJET 10.01.2013 THE TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY October 2013 Volume 12 - Issue 4 Prof. Dr. Aytekin İşman Editor-in-Chief Editors Prof. Dr. Jerry Willis Prof. Dr. J. Ana Donaldson Fahme Dabaj, Ph.D. Associate Editor ISSN: 2146 - 7242 Indexed by Education Resources Information Center - ERIC TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – October 2013, volume 12 Issue 4 Copyright © THE TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY All rights reserved. No part of TOJET's articles may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrival system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Published in TURKEY Contact Address: Prof. Dr. Aytekin İŞMAN TOJET, Editor in Chief Sakarya-Turkey Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – October 2013, volume 12 Issue 4 Message from the Editor-in-Chief Dear Colleagues, Awareness of fast-changing techniques associated with technological change is important in maintaining effective, successful, and competitive educational systems. People with limited vision only focus on technological hardware is isolation from cognitive/behavioral techniques and associated cultural patterns. This simplistic view of technology as hardware may stem from the fact that as the functions and devices of technology increase in complexity, their internal operation becomes a marvel in itself, separate from their use and socio-cultural context. Historically, most technology and related techniques were experienced in direct connection with the goal or product of the technological process (e.g., a traditional artist learning how to construct and use different types of paint brushes understands, appreciates, and sees the connection of the paint brush technology to the finished product). However, as technology became more complex and indirect in its contribution to the goal or product, people had less direct knowledge and ability to with unexpected technical problems. For example, a university staff is given a computer database system scheduling courses and meetings, yet they are resistant and revert to word-of-mouth arrangements because they are not fully trained or aware of how to interact with the database—it’s weaknesses and potentials. Thus, instead of techniques related to understanding technical systems and their direct relationship with the environment or goal, a whole new level of human technique evolves which consists of interacting and dealing with constraints of technology (symbolic manipulations like the keyboard interactions that a graphic artist learns to use a computer art application). These kind of technical skills (i.e., techniques) have often been negative and less meaningful to people because human-machine interactions are often structured by inherent technological limitations or nonhuman aspects of the technology. Additionally, technology and related techniques involve new sociocultural structures which can be problematic in themselves. In summary, whereas in ancient Greece technology was considered to be the study of knowledge and skills involved in specialized arts (i.e. technologia), technology and associated techniques have now permeated human culture, experience, and cognition. Strangely enough, the nature of such profound changes in human experience is difficult to be aware of and define. Nonetheless, understanding the impacts of technology and its relationship to human learning is an important factor in pursuing liberal ideals associated with a fully functioning educational system. The next section discusses how technology and technique have been ignored or misunderstood as having a compartmentalized relationship with science and machines. This superficial view of technology and technique inhibits understanding major determinants of human thinking, learning, and culture. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology (TOJET) is a refereed international online journal sponsored by Sakarya University, Governor State University and TASET (The Association of Science, Education and Technology). The main mission of TOJET is to diffuse how to use technology in education all over the World. TOJET thanks the guest editor of this issue is Prof. Dr. J. Michael Spector, University of North Texas, USA for all his effort and support to the journal. We greatly appreciate the valuable contributions of the editorial board who have acted as reviewers for one or more submissions of this issue. TOJET's reviewers are drawn quite widely from all over the world with a concentration for this issue on the Europa, USA, Asia, Turkey, and others. TOJET is interested in academic articles on the issues of educational technology. The articles should talk about using educational technology in classroom, how educational technology impacts learning, and the perspectives of students, teachers, school administrators and communities on educational technology. These articles will help researchers to increase the quality of both theory and practice in the field of educational technology. TOJET will organize the 14th International Educational Technology Conference (IETC 2014) on September 03- 05, 2014 at AIC in Chicago, USA. The web page of IETC is “www.iet-c.net”. Call for Papers TOJET invites article contributions. Submitted articles should be about all aspects of educational technology and may address assessment, attitudes, beliefs, curriculum, equity, research, translating research into practice, learning theory, alternative conceptions, socio-cultural issues, special populations, and integration of subjects. The articles should also discuss the perspectives of students, teachers, school administrators and communities. Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – October 2013, volume 12 Issue 4 The articles should be original, unpublished, and not in consideration for publication elsewhere at the time of submission to TOJET. All authors can submit their manuscripts to [email protected] for the next issues. October 01, 2013 Editor Prof. Dr. Aytekin İŞMAN Sakarya University - Turkey Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – October 2013, volume 12 Issue 4 Editors Prof. Dr. Aytekin İŞMAN - Sakarya University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Jerry WILLIS - ST John Fisher University in Rochester, USA Prof. Dr. J. Ana Donaldson - AECT President Associate Editor Assist.Prof.Dr. Fahme DABAJ - Eastern Mediterranean University, TRNC Assistant Editor Assoc.Prof.Dr. Eric Zhi - Feng Liu - National Central University, Taiwan Editorial Board Prof.Dr. Adnan BAKİ - Karadeniz Teknik University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Ahmet Pehlivan - Cyprus International University, TRNC Prof.Dr. Akif ERGIN - Başkent University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Ali Al Mazari - Alfaisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Prof.Dr. Ali Ekrem ÖZKUL - Anadolu University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Ali Paşa AYAS - Karadeniz Teknik University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Ali Rıza AKADENİZ - Karadeniz Teknik University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Antoinette J. MUNTJEWERFF - University of Amsterdam Prof.Dr. Arif ALTUN - Hacettepe University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Arvind SINGHAL - University of Texas, USA Prof.Dr. Asaf VAROL - Fırat University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Aytekin İŞMAN - Sakarya University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Brent G. WILSON - University of Colorado at Denver, USA Prof.Dr. Buket AKKOYUNLU - Hacettepe University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Chang-Shing Lee - National University of Tainan, Taiwan Prof.Dr. Charlotte N. (Lani) GUNAWARDENA - University of New Mexico, USA Prof.Dr. Chi - Jui Lien - National Taipei University of Education, Taiwan Prof.Dr. Chih - Kai Chang - National University of Taiwan, Taiwan Prof.Dr. Chin-Min Hsiung - National pingtung university, Taiwan Prof.Dr. Colin LATCHEM - Open Learning Consultant, Australia Prof.Dr. Colleen SEXTON - Governor State University, USA Prof.Dr. Demetrios G. Sampson - University of Piraeus, Greece Prof.Dr. Don M. FLOURNOY - Ohio University, USA Prof.Dr. Dongsik Kim - Hanyang University, South Korea Prof.Dr. Enver Tahir RIZA - Dokuz Eylül University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Feng-chiao Chung - National pingtung university, Taiwan Prof.Dr. Ferhan ODABAŞI - Anadolu University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Finland Cheng - National pingtung university, Taiwan Prof.Dr. Fong Soon Fook - Uniiversiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Prof.Dr. Francine Shuchat SHAW - New York University, USA Prof.Dr. Gianni Viardo VERCELLI - University of Genova, Italy Prof.Dr. Gwo - Dong Chen - National Central University Chung - Li, Taiwan Prof.Dr. Hafize KESER - Ankara University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Halil İbrahim YALIN - Gazi University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Hasan AMCA - Eastern Mediterranean University, TRNC Prof.Dr. Heli RUOKAMO - University of Lapland, Finland Prof.Dr. Henry H.H. Chen - National pingtung university, Taiwan Prof.Dr. Hüseyin Ekiz - Sakarya University, Turkey Prof.Dr. Ing. Giovanni ADORNI - University of Genova, Italy Prof.Dr. J. Ana
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