BALÁZS MÓR PLAN BUDAPEST

MOBILITY PLAN 2014–2030 BALÁZS MÓR PLAN I. Volume 1 Objectives and Measures BUDAPEST MOBILITY PLAN 2014–2030 TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6

A THE STARTING POINT 10 A.1 Progress in strategic planning 11 A.2 Timeframe 14 A.3 Partnership 14 A.4 Analysis of the current situation 16 A.5 Problem tree 17 A.6 Key Problems 20

WHERE ARE WE HEADING? 22 B B.1 Future vision 26 B.2 General goal 26 B.3 Strategic objectives 26 B.4 Intervention areas and priorities 30 B.5 Operational objectives and measures 33

MORE CONNECTIONS 34 1 1.1 Integrated network development 37 1.2 Liveable public spaces 51 1.3 Interoperable systems and comfortable mode switching points 56

ATTRACTIVE VEHICLES 66 2.1 Comfortable and passenger friendly vehicles 68 2 2.2 Environmentally friendly technologies 71

BETTER SERVICES 74 3.1 Improving the quality of service 76 3 3.2 Active awareness raising 83 EFFICIENT SET OF INSTITUTIONS 86 4.1 Consistent regulations 88 4 4.2 Regional co-operation 92 EVALUATION 100 C.1 Summary of the strategic environmental review 101 C C.2 Summary of the ex-ante evaluation 104 SUMMARY OF THE MEASURES 106

DEFINITIONS, LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 110

IMPRESSUM 110

Text sections containing clarifications and additions resulting from the public consultation process are marked with vertical lines MÓR BALÁZS, THE EPONYM OF THE PLAN

Mór Balázs (5 March 1849, Pest – 1 August 1897, Wauheim)

Mór Balázs was a prominent Hungarian transport engineer of the 19th century. His work still determines the transport and cityscape of Budapest. After studying in England, he returned to Hungary in 1884. In 1886, he developed a plan under the title of “Budapest Stream Tramway Network”, in which he outlined the basis for an advanced track-based transport system. He was thinking of introducing an electric urban railway, which was a revolutionary idea at that time.

Balázs founded the Budapest Urban Tramway Company (BVVT) to break down the monopoly of the Budapest Iron Track Road Company (BKVT), which operated the horse-drawn carriage lines, and launched the first tram service in Budapest on the Grand Boulevard (Nagykörút) in 1887 with support of the management of the City. Based on its success, he started building other tramlines across the centre of Pest in 1889, in the current Baross, Király and Podmaniczky streets, on the Nagykörút and along the bank of the Danube, thereby making Budapest the eighth city of the world where electric transport was introduced.

The idea and implementation of the Millennium Underground Railway line is also associated with the name of Mór Balázs. With his contribution, the first metro line on the Continent was built in only 20 months by 1896 on a track length of 3.2 km served by the first cars on bogies in the world that were practically low-floor trams. Emperor Franz Joseph granted the title of a nobleman to Balázs for his achievements.

Mór Balázs contributed a great deal to turning Budapest into a world metropolis but, unfortunately, he had no opportunity to realise his other plans, as he lived only 48 years. His name is now also commemorated by an award, founded by the Budapest Transport Company (BKV Zrt.) in 1997, to be granted to its employees of outstanding achievements in public transport.

The source of archival pictures is the Budapest Collection of the Szabó Ervin Library of Budapest The transport system is one of the most essential components of Budapest infrastructure: hence, its development fundamentally PREFACE determines the future of the Hungarian capital. When we contemplate transportation, the starting point is the citizen, inhabiting and using the city. Compiling the new strategy for Budapest transport development, our ultimate aim is to offer citizens – residents and visitors alike – an attractive and competitive metropolis. A capital for the nation, whose 4 5 friendly atmosphere, reliable public services, cleaner air, well-maintained green surfaces and appealing public spaces provide a liveable everyday environment – and an hub for enterprise, with appropriate, dependable and modern infrastructure in place to boost economic performance.

It is, thus, evident that transport does not only deserve constant attention and care from urban policy for its own sake, but also to ensure the environmental and economic sustainability of the city and its metropolitan region, as well as urban development. All of our tasks, including the assessment of the real mobility demands of the users of public spaces and transport services, the provision of quality services meeting those demands, as well as the constant renewal and development of the existing transport system – are equally important.

With the preparation of the Balázs Mór Plan, based on the Urban Development Concept approved by the General Assembly of the Municipality of Budapest in 2013, such a mobility plan has been created, incorporating clear goals and objectives – a ’compass’for sustainable transport development in Budapest. The transport related objectives of this mobility plan are in line with our overall urban development concept, and its chapters define the current development tasks concerning each transport mode. The transport development projects of the next two EU financing periods must serve the realisation of these objectives.

The Balázs Mór Plan is the worthy continuation of the development process commenced by the restructuring of the Capital’s transport governance system. Keeping to the guidelines expressed in the Plan is indispensable for Budapest to successfully face the challenge of competition between European metropolises, offering attractive opportunities for residents, workers, entrepreneurs and visitors alike.

István Tarlós, Mayor of Budapest ANTECEDENTS Following the change of the political regime, the first complex EXECUTIVE transport development plan was prepared in Budapest in 2001 (BKRFT). This plan was reviewed in 2009 in the interest of regional integration and supplemented with an action plan valid until 2020. SUMMARY This system plan set progressive objectives; however, its calculations were based on overly ambitious developments. Following the 6 7 review of the BKRFT, the Balázs Mór Plan (in Hungarian Balázs Mór- terv or BMT), the transport development strategy of Budapest for 2014-2030, was prepared. The Plan underwent public consultation and was then approved by the General Assembly of Budapest in the summer of 2014. The results of the wide institutional and public consultation that followed were integrated into the final version of the Balázs Mór Plan's objectives. The Plan was subsequently supplemented with three new measures and a total of sixteen measures were substantially amended. One of the most important results of the consultation was that the overwhelming majority of the individual and institutional respondents agreed with the most important strategic goals of the BMT.

The version of the Plan that had underwent public consultation was presented at the 61st UITP (International Association of Public Transport) World Congress & Exhibition was included amongst the six finalists in the Community Transportation Strategy category, thus winning Budapest recognition for the Plan.

THE SPIRIT OF THE BALÁZS MÓR PLAN The Balázs Mór Plan is based on the idea of sustainable urban mobility planning. Relying on the transport development experience of the recent past, international best practices and the key problems of Budapest transport, this mobility plan, innovative in Hungarian practice, determines the role of Budapest transport in order to achieve the strategic development objectives of the Capital and to create a system for the most important transport improvements. Its state-of-the-art approach puts city-dwellers and their urban environment into the focus of planning. The new strategy is in line with the guidelines laid down in the White Paper issued by the European Commission in March 2011.

The completion of the Balázs Mór Plan opens a new chapter in the transport development of Budapest. Transport development projects that have a significant impact on the life of Budapest will be planned and implemented in this framework in line with urban development ideas, strengthening their synergy. We will introduce a strategic transport development practice which gives priority to the improvement of the also contribute to establishing a sustainable, liveable, attractive quality of urban life by satisfying, through its measures, and favourably and healthy urban environment. The operational goals required for influencing the mobility needs of the citizens and enterprises. achieving the strategic objectives (liveable urban environment, safe, predictable and dynamic transport services, cooperative regional METHODOLOGY relations) appear in four areas of intervention: infrastructure, The strategy was prepared in line with the EU requirements for the vehicles, services and the governance system, i.e., more connections, programming of development resources in order to be prepared for attractive vehicles, better services and efficient governance. 8 9 applying for EU funds supporting urban transport. However, EU funds The strategic objectives of the four areas of intervention are may be used only in certain areas of development, therefore Hungarian reflected in the following operational goals: (local government, public and private) funds will also have to be used efficiently per schedule for the implementation of the other measures. |–• implementation of liveable public spaces, |–• integrated network development, The methodology uses a problem tree based on an analysis (of |–• interoperable systems and intermodal connections, the existing situation), a vision, a hierarchy of goals and objectives |–• environmentally friendly technologies, (complex, strategic and operational objectives), as well as the areas |–• comfortable, passenger friendly vehicles, of intervention (priorities) and measures assigned to the strategic |–• active and conscious awareness-raising, objectives. Those measures may be broken down to development |–• improving the quality of service, projects in a synergic relationship with each other. |–• consistent regulation, and Other indispensable factors of the methodology are partnership (also |–• regional cooperation. including a communication plan), a strategic environmental review The approximately sixty measures (packages) that serve the operational and an ex-ante (independent) evaluation prior to implementation. objectives cover all urban modes of transport and sub-sectors (from The mobility planning process does not end with the approval of walking through cycling and public transport to individual transport, the developed objectives and measures: the plan is subsequently also including parking, freight transportation, taxi services as well supplemented with the transport development investment as technology- and IT-based developments) with a systematic, yet programme developed on the basis of the project evaluation. differentiated approach, and also manages complex issues such as The Balázs Mór Plan's analysis of the current situation and its the developments concerning the river Danube (bridges, waterborne monitoring system will be prepared for the defined objectives and transport), tourism needs and public space improvements. approved measures, by developing the appropriate indicators. In the practice of the European Union, the principle of partnership includes the dialogue between the EU, the Member States and the KEY ISSUES regions, as well as the cooperation between local communities, local The analysis of the current state of play reviews the deterioration of the governments, NGOs, professional organisations, enterprises, transport transport conditions (both of the infrastructure and of the assets) that service operators, authorities and other institutions. In the course of imposes a threat to operation, the significant network inadequacies, the preparation of the Balázs Mór Plan, numerous professional and fragmented developments without being integrated into a system, an public consultation sessions were held with district, metropolitan area obsolete sector-based approach and outdated regulations. and county (local) governments, professional and non-governmental The future vision is presented by urban development concept organisations, interest groups and authorities. The conditions of of Budapest: “Budapest is a liveable, attractive capital city with cooperation were defined in separate agreements with several NGOs. a unique character and is a respected member of the European All comments and proposals were evaluated and utilised. network of cities as the innovative economic and cultural centre of The essence of the Balázs Mór Plan may be summarised in the the country and the region.” following three terms: integration, efficiency and overall quality. According to the general goal, the transport of Budapest must Based on these principles, the plan intends to contribute to the improve the competitiveness of the city and its region and must lively and liveable future of Budapest.

THE STARTING POINT

10 A.1 PROGRESS IN STRATEGIC PLANNING A The Municipality of Budapest approved a complex development plan for the transport system of Budapest (BKRFT) in 2001. The plan had introduced an – at the time – novel approach as it extended beyond the administrative boundaries of the city and included the idea of cooperation between transport sub-sectors, yet it lacked an impact analysis, the ranking of projects, and an adequate programme for funding. The plan was reviewed in 2009 in the spirit of regional integration and an action plan up to 2020 was also added. This system plan set progressive objectives, yet failed to take into account that only few development projects could be implemented due to the economic crisis emerging in 2008.

The BKRFT, prepared in 2009, already proposed the introduction of the ‘mobility planning’ approach, but it could not be fully incorporated into strategic planning practice prior to the Budapest transport governance reform. The review of 2013, based on a decision of the General Assembly of Budapest, was determined by the concept of mobility planning. The approach was applied to the review of the goals and objectives of transport development in Budapest, to the development of measures and to the selection and ranking of projects. The entire strategic planning process had to be revised. The thematic concept of the Budapest sustainable urban mobility plan was identified on the basis of the manual recommended by the EU Commission, based on which the Balázs Mór Plan (BMT) has been developed, relying on the previously approved transport development plans of Budapest, yet aiming at a more easy-to-understand though professional phrasing of strategic goals and measures. 12 In the urban context, a mixed strategy involving land-use planning, pricing schemes, schemes, pricing planning, land-use involving strategy amixed context, urban the In charging/refuelling of clean vehicles is needed to reduce congestion and emissions. emissions. and congestion to reduce needed is vehicles of clean charging/refuelling efficient public transport services and infrastructure for non-motorised modes and modes for non-motorised infrastructure and services transport public efficient Cities above a certain size should be encouraged to develop Urban Mobility Plans, Plans, Mobility Urban to develop encouraged be should size acertain above Cities bringing all those elements together. Urban Mobility Plans should be fully aligned aligned fully be should Plans Mobility Urban together. elements those all bringing The process of strategic planning does not stop at the completed completed the at stop not does planning of strategic process The contains an evaluation of the implemented projects and takes into takes and projects implemented of the evaluation an contains 2030. by increased be should of transport methods conscious absorption than previously. than absorption investments capital of the impacts and experience the account With sustainable urban mobility planning, a new chapter will be be will chapter anew planning, mobility urban sustainable With goals defined by the BMT: that the number of environmentally of environmentally number BMT: the the by that defined goals development projects will be prepared and implemented in line line in implemented and prepared be will projects development than 87% of respondents agreed with the most important strategic strategic important most the with agreed 87% ofthan respondents individually been have comments The material. consultation to the provided comments 1,300 the by reflected is of which success the same time the plan will satisfy and favourably influence the mobility mobility the influence favourably and satisfy will plan the time same funds improving urban transportation. urban improving funds Public participation and institutional consultation has become a very avery become has consultation institutional and participation Public evaluated and, after being approved by the General Assembly of Assembly General the by approved being after and, evaluated objectives. The most important result of the survey was that more that was survey of the result important most The objectives. the and problems uncovered the regarding residents of Budapest opinion the to survey aquestionnaire used also We objectives. opened in the transport planning of Budapest, in which the major major the which in of Budapest, planning transport the in opened in cooperation and puts more emphasis on cost-effective fund oncost-effective emphasis more puts and cooperation in development transport of integrated principles the reflects BMT The projects. of subsequent preparation of the course the in strategy, project development to the addition in as Plan, Mór Balázs BMT the of finalizing course the in plan the in included Budapest, of Budapest, mobility sustainable planning in process important impacts. A strategic transport planning practice will be introduced, introduced, be will practice planning transport Astrategic impacts. which is aimed at improving the quality of urban living, while at the the at while living, of urban quality the improving at aimed is which other’s each strengthening concepts, development urban the with needs of the population and also of businesses. Through strategic strategic Through of businesses. also and population of the needs preparation and implementation, the applied methodology also methodology applied the implementation, and preparation period and will thus be able to successfully apply for development for development apply to successfully able be thus will and period financing EU next for the prepared been also has Budapest planning, with integrated urban development plans. development urban integrated with EU EU White Paper (17.) PLANNING ANDPLANNING IMPLEMENTATION THE PROCESS OF STRATEGIC OF PROCESS THE

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13 THE STARTING POINT 14 A.3 A.2 PARTNERSHIP

TIME FRAME The Balázs Mór Plan underwent public and institutional consultation consultation institutional and public underwent Plan Mór Balázs The THE BALÁZS MÓR PLAN LAYS DOWN THE STRATEGY OF LAYS STRATEGY THE DOWN PLAN MÓR BALÁZS THE SHORT- AND MEDIUM-TERM TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORT MEDIUM-TERM AND SHORT- course of planning, it was important to ensure that the affected affected the that to ensure wasimportant it of planning, course and public consultation, the city's residents played an important important an played residents city's the consultation, public and that plan communication of apredetermined lines the along and official bodies were also of prominent significance. During the the During significance. of prominent were also bodies official and defined the tools, scheduling, and tasks of maintaining contact with with contact of maintaining tasks and scheduling, tools, the defined the affected social groups. During the course of the institutional institutional of the course the During groups. social affected the transport service providers, research and education institutions, institutions, education and research providers, service transport role; in addition, the opinions of social and civil organizations, organizations, civil and of social opinions the addition, role; in receive information on its method. The information and the BMT BMT the and information The method. onits information receive parties be provided the possibility of participating in planning and planning in of participating possibility the provided be parties IN BUDAPEST FOR THE PERIOD BETWEEN 2014 AND 2030. AND 2014 BETWEEN PERIOD THE FOR BUDAPEST IN The success of the public consultation is proven by numbers: 1200 1200 proven numbers: is by consultation public of the success The The main problems regarding transport and the acceptance of acceptance the and transport regarding problems main The The European Union supported the process of public consultation consultation of public process the supported Union European The contained constructive, supplementary recommendations. The The recommendations. supplementary constructive, contained transportation and Plan the regarding were submitted comments cooperation in the Intelligent Energy Europe program. Europe Energy Intelligent the in cooperation consultation material was distributed for commenting to more for commenting distributed was material consultation and institutional consultations also served the purpose of gaining of gaining purpose the served also consultations institutional and a questionnaire. The results were published on the BMT website, BMT on the were published results The a questionnaire. updated newsfeed on the Plan website. Plan onthe newsfeed updated decided on approving the recommendations and continuing continuing and recommendations the onapproving decided onthe of consulting interest the in Budapest in development technical workgroup ordered and evaluated all comments, on the onthe comments, all evaluated and workgroup ordered technical onacontinuously available made was consultation of public details strategic and operative goals was also assessed with the use of use the with assessed also was goals operative and strategic than 200 institutions and organizations, and a website was then then was awebsite and organizations, and institutions 200 than Electronic publication played the part of calling attention to the to the attention of calling part the played publication Electronic evaluation shows that the strategic goals of the BMT receive a high ahigh receive BMT of the goals strategic the that shows evaluation of Budapest in a total of 272 written opinions. A technical Atechnical opinions. written of atotal 272 in of Budapest information onrecommendations. information and project, to the introduction abrief providing objectives, of the During the course of institutional consultation, separate meetings meetings separate consultation, of institutional course the During in the framework of the "CH4LLENGE" research and development development and research "CH4LLENGE" of the framework the in In addition to written comments, several consultation forums consultation several comments, to written addition In workgroup evaluated the opinions. The majority of the opinions opinions of the majority The opinions. the workgroup evaluated were held with each of the players affected by transport transport by affected players of the each with were held recommended changes. The General Assembly of Budapest of Budapest Assembly General The changes. recommended Their out. filled being of atotal 516 in questionnaires valid resulting numerous measures were supplemented orclarified. were supplemented measures numerous receiving comments made by the public. The information on the onthe information The public. the by made comments receiving basis of which it defined recommendations for amending the Plan. the for amending recommendations defined it of which basis public consultation, several measures were added to the BMT and BMT to the were added measures several consultation, public during arose that recommendations of the aresult As planning. possibility of participation, providing information on the importance importance on the information providing of participation, possibility public. the by submitted comments receive to directly prepared level of support. level

15 THE STARTING POINT In order to use metro lines more intensively, the previous long

A.4 ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION transport lines were segmented and turned into feeder lines For almost three decades starting from the 1960s, urban planning for the metro network, thereby increasing the number of forced and development principles were determined by the prevailing changes. The smaller number of tram lines deteriorated the degree POINT modernisation approach and by the specific social and economic THE STARTING of integration of the track-bound network and made changes environment. The concept of autonomous individuals was cumbersome. Transport planning focused on technical-operational not reflected at all in that coordinated, heavily organised and aspects and not on the comfort of passengers. At the most 16 hierarchically technocratic system. The idea of functionality also 17 important traffic interchanges, priority was given to the possibility determined the approach to public spaces: motorised transport of turning round public transport vehicles, terminus functions and was given priority at the expense of other aspects; a liveable the storage of vehicles instead of passenger movements and the environment was a secondary issue. The response to the trend of utilisation of urban development opportunities. Typical examples motorisation, which had already been questioned more and more include Széll Kálmán Square, Baross Square, Örs vezér Square or frequently in international practice at the time, served primarily Móricz Zsigmond Circus. These changes, however, did not distort the the spectacularly growing demand through continuous capacity breakdown of transport modes immediately, because the majority enhancement. Towns were converted to serve passenger car of the residents of the city were compelled to use public transport. transport. When wide footpaths, alleys and opportunities to stop began to disappear, people living in towns and the public spaces Following Western European trends with a lag, the previous approach used by them fell victim to that idea. The urban planning practice, began to change gradually in Budapest as well after the turn of the committed to motorisation, can also be witnessed in Budapest, century and the criteria of liveability began to be applied also at the although the number of passenger cars in Hungary has been lower strategic level: pedestrian zones, cycling infrastructure, traffic calming, than the West European average. As a result of the process, the public transport prioritisation, reinstatement of bus lanes and long bus preferences in choosing places of residence along with transport routes. The demand emerged to regulate car and road freight traffic habits have changed. coming to Budapest and to form a public transport tariff community; a long-term plan was made for the integration of railway lines into city No transversal components were built in the ring-radial transport transport (S-Bahn concept) in order to reduce the number of forced network, because it was believed that traffic, at a much smaller changes and to cut back the further increase in car traffic. level than nowadays, could be managed by increasing the capacity of the roads leading across the city centre. All these aspects A.5 PROBLEM TREE affected the development of urban spaces and the positioning of pedestrian crossings. Pedestrian underpasses were built in the A detailed status review and problem analysis were conducted in inner city; trams disappeared from the most important avenues preparation for the BMT which identified the root and recurrence causes of Budapest and the thus freed surfaces were used by additional and mechanisms behind the disturbing factors that occur as symptoms. traffic lanes on Üllői, Rákóczi, Váci and Bajcsy-Zsilinszky ways. The concentrated result of the analysis is summarised in a problem tree.

TÖBB MINT 5200 1064 100000 4 5 276 30 5000 4500 KM P+R PARKING SPACES 280000 M² ROAD SIGNALLED TRAFFIC METRO LINES HÉVVONAL BUS LINES TRAM LINES LICENSED TAXIS OF ROADS IN BUDAPEST SURFACE MARKINGS TRAFFIC JUNCTIONS SIGNS

1,000 RESIDENTS: 3322 KM OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK

FUTÁR MORE THAN 300 * 1870 PUBLIC TRANSPORT 5 MILLION 330 357 PASSENGER 98 BUBI 15 NEW PASSENGER 350 2300 240000 FUTÁR VEHICLES OPERATING DAILY BUDAPEST TRIPS A DAY PASSENGER CARS CARS (PEST COUNTY) DOCKING CUSTOMER INFORMATION TICKET VENDING EQUIPPED MOBILE APPLICATION (BUDAPEST) STATIONS SERVICE CENTRES DISPLAYS MACHINES VEHICLES USERS

PROBLEM TREE

INADEQUATE LACK OF CROSS MANY CHANGES/ SUBURBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT FORCED CHANGES TRANSPORT RELATIONS SERVICES PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED ON THE BASIS OF THE STATUS REVIEW THE OF BASIS

LONG WALKING THE DISTANCES SEPARATION THE CYCLING EFFECT OF CONGESTION, DECLINING DETERIORATING A LACK OF A REGULATORY TRANSPORT TRANSPORT CONGESTED A LACK OF CALCULABLE DISABLED PUBLIC SERVICE LIVING SYSTEM FOR URBAN FREIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE ROADS NORMATIVE FINANCING HIGH PEOPLE FIND IT QUALITY CONDITIONS TRAFFIC BADLY DESIGNED/ IS NOT WORN OUT EXPENSES IMPOSSIBLE OR IN URBAN BAD QUALITY ATTRACTIVE TRACK-BOUND DIFFICULT TO USE UNFAVOURABLY ROAD SURFACES LOW-QUALITY THE DANUBE AS INFRASTRUCTURE HIGH-CAPACITY INADEQUACIES UNRELIABLE BOAT POSITIONED BUS SERVICE, A LOT OF ROAD A TRANSPORT INCONVENIENT, IN THE SUPPLY SERVICE DUE STATIONS CONGESTED EVEN IF IT IS ACCIDENTS CORRIDOR IS NOT DIFFICULTIES BADLY PLANNED INCREASING OF LESS DENSELY TO FREQUENT POLLUTING, CENTRE, FEW FREQUENT EXPLOITED IN PLANNING CHANGES SPONTANEOUS JOURNEY TIME, POPULATED RESTRICTIONS UNRELIABLE AND NEGLECTED TRIPS AND SOLUTIONS TIME LOSS AREAS THE RAILWAYS, VEHICLES PEDESTRIAN BASIS OF THE REVIEW STATUS PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED ON THE THE ON IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS CHANGES INSTEAD OF BUILT AIR POLLUTION, THE SUBURBAN DISABLED PEOPLE UNNECESSARY B+R STORAGE NOISE POLLUTION, LACK OF COMPLEX RAIL TRANSPORT RAILWAYS FIND IT IMPOSSIBLE SERVICE WAITING TIMES FACILITIES, DETERIORATING PARKING HAS A NEGLIGIBLE AND THE METRO DIFFICULTY OR DIFFICULT INCREASING AREAS USED BAD EFFICIENCY INTERRUPTIONS, BY VEHICLES, BICYCLES CANNOT ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION ROLE IN URBAN SERVE SEPARATED IN ACCESSING TO USE HIGH- POLLUTANT BY MOTORISED OF OPERATION MISSED UNCOMPETITIVE BE TRANSPORTED QUALITY TRANSPORT AREAS AIRPORT BY LAND CAPACITY LINES EMISSION TRANSPORT CONNECTIONS JOURNEY TIMES ON MOST LINES FEW P+R FACILITIES

INCREASED DEMAND

LACK OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT OBSOLETE TRAFFIC CONTROL GRADUAL DETERIORATION UNREASONABLE ROUTES, LACK OF NETWORK FOR MOBILITY FORCED PARALLEL SERVICES SERVICES IN LOWER LACK OF AN INTEGRATED PROBLEMS APPEARING INFRASTRUCTURE OF INFRASTRUCTURE CONNECTIONS SUBSECTORS, URBAN DENSITY AREAS TRANSPORT APPROACH AND THE ROLLING STOCK INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF AND REGIONAL IN TRANSPORT PEOPLE USING PASSENGER CARS TRANSPORT THE INFRASTRUCTURE IS NOT RESOURCE AND CAPACITY SUBSECTOR-BASED ORGANISED SUITABLE FOR BARRIER-FREE REDUCTION OF THE RATIO WASTING OBJECTIVES, COMPETITION IN FRAGMENTED BAD INTERMODAL ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT BAD TRANSPORT SAFETY CONNECTIONS WITH OTHER SUBSECTORS SYSTEMS PIERS INCAPABLE OF ADJUSTING OBSOLETE FEEDER-TYPE IN TRANSPORTIN TO THE FLUCTUATION OBSOLETE CONTROL BUS ROUTES ON THE MAIN EXCESSIVE DOMINANCE NETWORK OF THE DANUBE’S TECHNOLOGY, LACK OF OBSOLETE, OFF-LINE LACK OF CONNECTIONS AXES OF THE TOWN WITH OF ROAD VEHICLE TRAFFIC, PROBLEMS APPEARING APPEARING PROBLEMS PASSENGER INFORMATION WATER LEVEL AN UNMANAGEABLY DENSE DISPROPORTIONATE USE TRAFFIC-DEPENDENT SYSTEM LACK OF NETWORK BETWEEN VARIOUS LACK OF SYSTEM SERVICES FREQUENCY OF SERVICES OF PUBLIC SPACES COVERAGE NETWORKS INTEGRATION

DEVELOPMENTS DO CHANGES IN RESIDENTIAL LOCATION PREFERENCES, FRAGMENTED REGULATION WHICH MAKE DEVELOPMENT-ORIENTED FUND URBAN SPRAWL, SUBURBANISATION CONSISTENT SOLUTIONS MORE DIFFICULT ABSORPTION, NEGLECT OF OPERATION NOT FORM A SYSTEM

CHANGES IN LIFESTYLE AND IN SHOPPING HABITS SECTOR-CENTRED TRANSPORT DOMINANCE OF SECTOR- PLANNING APPROACH CAUSE ROOT AND SUBSECTOR-BASED APPROACH LACK OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENTS CONCENTRATE TOO MUCH SUITABLE FOR SENSITIVE CONTROL ON MOTORISED INDIVIDUAL TRANSPORT AND FALLACIES OF THE GOVERNANCE SYSTEM CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT (METROPOLITAN AREA/BUDAPEST/DISTRICTS; LOCAL/REGIONAL)

ROOT CAUSE PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLING TRANSPORT ARE NOT PRIORITIES INADEQUATE LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND

TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT NOT INTEGRATED PROPERLY INTO URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

MAINTENANCE NETWORK TRAFFIC REGULATION 20 A.6 and implemented outside of asystem. outside implemented and and polluting solutions. polluting and threatening the sustainability of operation. sustainability the threatening | | | | | 1 5 2 4 3 | | | | | – – – KEY PROBLEMS KEY – – • • • • •

The overemphasising of developments did not result in the the in result not did of developments overemphasising The The legal, governance and regulatory background affecting the the affecting background regulatory and governance legal, The The most striking historic debt which imposes a threat to everyday to everyday athreat imposes which debt historic striking most The The most important conclusions of the analysis are summarised in summarised are analysis of the conclusions important most The car transport to public transport and the development of the bus of the development the and transport to public transport car and bypassing of derelict brownfield areas. The use of urban space for for space of urban use The areas. brownfield of derelict bypassing and a multi-storey car park in a zone designed for traffic calming). All calming). for traffic designed azone in park car a multi-storey or obsolete now are that onconcepts based were either activities Urban planning practice, focused on modernisation, has resulted in a a in resulted has onmodernisation, focused practice, planning Urban transport network subservient to motorisation. Surplus movements are are movements Surplus to motorisation. subservient network transport these activities cause increasing and permanent problems primarily primarily problems permanent and increasing cause activities these of design lanes, of traffic (e.g.: extension city of the specificities the the following key problems: following the elimination of the key network inadequacies, which is a complex acomplex is which inadequacies, key network of the elimination on foreign examples, which are not adaptable in Budapest due to due Budapest in adaptable not are which examples, on foreign overall planning environment impedes reasonable cooperation, cooperation, reasonable impedes environment planning overall operation is the long-term neglect of maintenance both in both of maintenance neglect long-term the is operation infrastructure and the vehicles and the lack of periodic renewals. of periodic lack the and vehicles the and infrastructure hindrance of multi-actor cooperation. of multi-actor hindrance Instead of the analysis of the actual situation, the development development the situation, actual of the analysis of the Instead which is reflected in discrimination within transport (e.g., the in transport within discrimination in reflected is which required in transport owing to the distorted urban structure, urban sprawl sprawl urban structure, urban distorted to the owing transport in required network, surface public transport developments were postponed. developments transport public surface network, metro of the construction to the Due services. to tram network development, was preferred to transversal development network rigid separation of local and regional transport) and also in the the in also and transport) regional and of local separation rigid purposes other than their original functions leads to increasing tensions. to increasing leads functions original their than other purposes because of the acceleration of the suburbanisation processes. suburbanisation of the acceleration of the because problem concerning approach and priorities. Radial transport transport Radial priorities. and approach concerning problem Significant inadequacies in the network structure. Fragmented regulations, impeding complex solutions. complex impeding regulations, Fragmented Deterioration of conditions of conditions Deterioration Fragmented developments out of their urban context context urban of their out developments Fragmented Inappropriate responses to a changing lifestyle lifestyle to achanging responses Inappropriate lack oflack cooperation. | 6 | – •

Thus each transport hub is determined by operational criteria and criteria operational by determined is hub transport each Thus advanced impeded have sector the within habits and routines The The most typical common characteristics of the identified key problems key problems identified of the characteristics common typical most The applying an integrated approach. An integrated review of maintenance, of maintenance, review integrated An approach. integrated an applying by resolved be may which of cooperation, lack and fragmentation the are and the requirements stemming from international experience and the the and experience from international stemming requirements the and the for managing and development for transport directions appropriate technology and operational problems, and giving priority to the priority giving and problems, operational and technology of exaggeration the include They time. for along solutions transport and other sectoral policies are indispensable for defining the the for defining indispensable are policies sectoral other and transport for the operation of the transport system with a calculable financing financing acalculable with system transport of the operation for the operator’s approach to the service-providing role of transport. of transport. role service-providing to the approach operator’s eliminate the lack of coordination and to introduce cooperation, which is is which cooperation, to introduce and of coordination lack the eliminate into the existing network are purchased. are network existing the into operation and development is required for the optimal use of funds of funds use optimal for the required is development and operation in harmony with the described principles of advanced mobility planning planning mobility of advanced principles described the with harmony in to is Plan Mór Balázs of the responsibility main The problems. identified will be preserved for subsequent decades if only vehicles fitting fitting vehicles only if decades for subsequent preserved be will not by the comfort of passengers, the rigid separation of the track- of the separation rigid the of passengers, comfort the by not need for an integrated urban approach. urban for integrated an need based systems deteriorates the quality of services. This problem problem This of services. quality the deteriorates systems based background. Sub-sectoral integration and a joint regional approach to approach regional ajoint and integration Sub-sectoral background. Continuation of sectoral and sub-sectoral approach, approach, sub-sectoral and of sectoral Continuation

21 THE STARTING POINT WHERE ARE WE 22 B HEADING? Transport is a major city-forming power, an economy-developing and environment-shaping factor, a part of urban policy, and therefore its impacts must be used to assist urban development. The objectives of the Budapest Mobility Plan must be identified by taking into account three fundamental aspects for effectively managing transport problems: |–• the complex development goals of the capital city, |–• tendencies and European and national objectives based on international transport development ex- perience |–• general and specific transport problems identified in the status review and the correlations of the problem tree.

Summary of the main EU transport policy objectives: •––• reduction of the burden on the environment, •––• reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and local pollution, •––• energy security, reduction of dependence on hydrocarbon-based fuels, •––• making the regions of Europe more competitive, •––• improving the quality of life for European citizens, •––• transport safety as a priority. The objectives of the Balázs Mór Plan reflect the development An important strategic task of transport policy is ensuring

of Budapest and its urban area in line with the approved urban harmonisation with regional policies. For this purpose, transport development plans, and therefore individual measures may be conditions in the regions of Budapest have to be defined in the implemented in a coordinated and comprehensive context and Budapest 2030 long term urban development concept and the WHERE ARE WHERE ARE WE HEADING? not in isolation. The social and transport development objectives Budapest Urban Planning Regulations in harmony with their functions. of the following Budapest and national development documents, The BMT also differentiates between the following regional units: prepared at various levels, and often simultaneously, were taken |–• the inner urban zone, the Danube zone, and the city centre 24 25 into account in the Balázs Mór Plan: areas, where public transportation has an advantage and is of |–• OFTK: Országos Fejlesztési és Területfejlesztési Koncepció high quality; here, the goal is to limit private car use (environ- (2014) mentally sensitive and highly built-up areas), |–• OFTK: National Development and Regional Development Con- |–• the suburban and hilly zones, where public transport pro- cept (2014) vides a reliable basic service, although private car use is also |–• PMTFK: Pest County Regional Development Concept (2013) quite significant (sparsely built-up areas), and |–• NKS: National Transport Strategy (2014) |–• the transitional zones, where a symbiotic relationship can be |–• OVK: National Railway Development Concept (2014) developed between the previous two zones and where the |–• NKP: National Environmental Protection Programme infrastructure for switching transport modes based on inter- |–• VFK: Budapest 2020–30 Urban Development Concept modality also plays a role in addition to the interoperable lines |–• BTFK: Budapest Regional Development Concept in the regions (transitional regions with development potential, |–• FKP: Budapest Environmental Programme where the intermodal poles of transportation development |–• TSZT: Budapest Urban Structural Plan also have urban development potential). |–• IVS: Budapest Integrated Urban Development Strategy Today, integration in its broadest sense has to pervade the paradigm |–• TFP: Thematic Development Programmes shift in transportation strategy planning: transportation processes |–• Budapest Danube Area Utilisation Concept have to be developed in a way that is embedded in life of cities and |–• Budapest Tomorrow and the Day after Tomorrow in the lifestyles of their residents, based on positive impulses. (The Cultural Capital of the Danube) |–• Budapest Track-Bound Vehicle Strategy 2013–2027 (2013)

Of the listed documents, the Budapest and Pest County Regional Development Concepts contained several joint proposals for the development of the capital city region, which are priorities among the objectives of the Balázs Mór Plan.

URBAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY POSITIONING OF THE BALÁZS MÓR PLAN EU WHITE PAPER IN THE HIERARCHY OF NATIONAL AND BUDAPEST PLANS NKS THE ZONE SYSTEM IN BUDAPEST NATIONAL TRANSPORT STRATEGY |–• DANUBE-AREA BMT |–• INNER URBAN ZONE BALÁZS MÓR PLAN |–• SUBURBAN ZONE |–• HILLY ZONE PMTFK BTFK VFK |–• TRANSITIONAL ZONE PEST COUNTY BUDAPEST REGIONAL BUDAPEST 2020–30 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT URBAN DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT CONCEPT CONCEPT

OFTK NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

DEVELOPMENT PLANS 26 In line with the flagship initiative “Resource Efficient Europe” and the new Energy Energy new the and Europe” Efficient “Resource initiative flagship the with line In competitiveness and offers high-quality mobility services while using resources resources using while services mobility high-quality offers and competitiveness help establish a system that underpins European economic progress, enhances enhances progress, economic European underpins that asystem establish help better exploit a modern infrastructure and reduce its negative impact on the the on impact negative its reduce and infrastructure a modern exploit better Efficiency Plan 2011, the paramount goal of European transport policy is to is policy transport of European goal 2011, paramount Plan the Efficiency more efficiently. In practice, transport has to use less and cleaner energy, cleaner and less to use has transport practice, In efficiently. more B.3 B.2 B.1 environment and key natural assets like water, land and ecosystems. ecosystems. water, like and land assets key natural and environment

FUTURE VISION FUTURE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES GENERAL GOAL GENERAL “Budapest is a liveable attractive capital city with a unique aunique with city capital attractive aliveable is “Budapest “The transport system of Budapest should improve the the improve should of Budapest system transport “The The development of the city has a great effect on transport habits habits ontransport effect agreat has city of the development The of implementation the serve must of Budapest transport The The EU transport policies conceived with an integrated approach approach integrated an with conceived policies transport EU The General goal of transport: goal General Concept must be supported with the means of transport. means the with supported be must Concept (where the keywords are sustainability, competitiveness, integrated integrated competitiveness, sustainability, are keywords the (where concept: a part of urban policy. The Balázs Mór Plan is based on the onthe based is Plan Mór Balázs The policy. of urban a part power, a city-forming amajor Transport is needs. mobility and approach, involvement of the stakeholders in defining the the defining in stakeholders of the involvement approach, shaping factor of economic development and the environment, environment, the and development of economic factor shaping development urban Budapest the in down laid vision future the future vision of urban development of Budapest, stating that the the that stating of Budapest, development of urban vision future to a sustainable, liveable, attractive and healthy urban urban healthy and attractive liveable, to asustainable, objectives laid down in the Budapest 2030 Urban Development Development Urban 2030 Budapest the in down laid objectives centre of the country and the city region.” city the and country of the centre European of the member a respected is and character environment.” competitiveness of Budapest and its region and contribute network of cities as the innovative economic and cultural cultural and economic innovative the as of cities network EU EU White Paper White (17.) OPPORTUNITIES EQUALAND ENHANCING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION REDUCING SELECTION, MODE AND NEEDS TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT BY INFLUENCING URBAN INTO INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT, TRANSPORT LIVEABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT AND A RESPECTED MEMBER OF THE EUROPEAN NETWORK OF CITIES AS THE INNOVATIVE ECONOMIC ECONOMIC INNOVATIVE THE AS CITIES OF NETWORK EUROPEAN THE OF MEMBER ARESPECTED AND BUDAPEST IS A LIVEABLE, ATTRACTIVE CAPITAL CITY WITH A UNIQUE CHARACTER CHARACTER AUNIQUE WITH CITY CAPITAL ATTRACTIVE ALIVEABLE, IS BUDAPEST I THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF BUDAPEST SHOULD IMPROVE THE COMPETITIVENESS COMPETITIVENESS THE IMPROVE SHOULD BUDAPEST OF SYSTEM TRANSPORT THE OF BUDAPEST AND ITS REGION AND CONTRIBUTE TO A SUSTAINABLE, ASUSTAINABLE, TO CONTRIBUTE AND REGION ITS AND BUDAPEST OF AND CULTURAL CENTRE OF THE COUNTRY AND THE CITY REGION. CITY THE AND COUNTRY THE OF CENTRE CULTURAL AND LIVEABLE, ATTRACTIVE AND HEALTHY URBAN ENVIRONMENT. URBAN HEALTHY AND ATTRACTIVE LIVEABLE, The BMT also applies an integrated approach, where the goal the where approach, integrated an applies also BMT The concept of the Balázs Mór Plan is integration. Sustainable urban urban Sustainable integration. is Plan Mór Balázs of the concept With regard to transport-specific strategic objectives, the key the objectives, strategic to transport-specific regard With does not go beyond the city’s administrative boundaries, and it links links it and boundaries, administrative city’s the beyond go not does three target areas: target three that approach the as well as approach, transport-based and sectoral evaluation of implemented projects) focus on the healthy lifestyle lifestyle healthy onthe focus projects) of implemented evaluation of people and their communities and the liveability of cities. liveability the and communities their and of people and of decisions monitoring systematic tasks, the and objectives mobility planning achieves integration and terminates the unilaterally unilaterally the terminates and integration achieves planning mobility becomes transport-specific at the level of transport measures. of transport level the at transport-specific becomes | | | – – – • • •

between local, regional and macro-regional systems. macro-regional and regional local, between operation and of development methods the between transport the and development urban the between development approach, development of the various transport modes, and modes, transport various of the CORRELATION BETWEEN THE FUTURE VISION AND KEY STRATEGIC KEY OBJECTIVES VISION AND FUTURE THE BETWEEN CORRELATION STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES DEVELOPMENT FINANCING AND TARGET-ORIENTED ORGANISATION,EFFICIENT STABLE THROUGH MODES TRANSPORT OF DEVELOPMENT INTEGRATED THE TRANSPORT AND DYNAMIC RELIABLE SAFE, FUTURE VISION FUTURE GENERAL GOAL GENERAL II

COMPETITIVENESS ECONOMIC STRENGTHENS COOPERATION AND REGIONAL THAT SUPPORTS SYSTEM A TRANSPORT OF HELP THE WITH BUDAPEST OF INTEGRATIONREGIONAL CONNECTIONS COOPERATION IN REGIONAL

III

27 WHERE ARE WE HEADING? and operation. The means of operation and development must be

designed to facilitate interoperability between the transport modes, an increase in cooperation between services and service operators and the environment-specific division of labour between sub-sectors. WHERE ARE WHERE ARE WE HEADING?

The improvement of transport safety is an important task. The improving tendency of the 2010s has been halted, therefore transport 28 safety needs special focus in the course of developments. 29

III COOPERATION IN REGIONAL CONNECTIONS

– regional integration of Budapest with the help of a transport system that supports regional cooperation and strengthens Consequently, the specific objectives of transport development in economic competitiveness Budapest from 2014 are as follows: Budapest is situated at the intersection of international, national and I I. LIVEABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT regional transport networks. Taking advantage of the opportunities stemming from this location would result in the establishment of an – transport development, integrated into urban development economic area that is competitive also at a global level. Budapest by influencing transport needs and mode selection, reducing and its surrounding area, forming a consistent region, can provide environmental pollution and enhancing equal opportunities an environment for a wide range of activities. Well-coordinated Transport solutions must be integrated into the objectives of economic cooperation requires, among others, an integrated system urban planning in order to achieve one of the basic conditions of transport networks and the optimisation of their connections. of sustainable development of Budapest, which is the effective The optimisation of macro-regional – international and national management of existing values, spaces and instruments. The – transport systems requires the effective interconnection of surfaces used for transport must be integrated into the urban railways, roads, waterways and air transport networks and the public spaces as their organic parts, taking the actual needs integration of those networks with the regional and local ones. and spatial specificities into consideration. Liveable urban space utilisation and the desired shaping of mobility require not only The optimisation of regional transport systems requires a complex balanced urban structural development that follows the principles network and regulatory structure which facilitates cooperation of the ‘compact city’, but also the environmentally conscious use of on a daily basis. A basic principle that is essential for achieving the already built infrastructure. That is why less polluting transport the development objectives of the capital city in line with the modes such as walking, cycling and public transport must be made efforts of the European Union is to apply an integrated approach readily available and their self-evident, everyday use needs to be in transport policy that goes beyond administrative boundaries. promoted. The development of regional transport network connections, transferable (interoperable) systems and intermodal transfer II. SAFE, RELIABLE AND DYNAMIC TRANSPORT II points and the introduction of related services, governance and MODALSPLIT – the integrated development of transport modes through figures with the current and estimated values regulations are important tasks for Budapest. efficient organisation, stable financing and target-oriented

development PUBLIC TRANSPORT PASSENGER CAR TRANSPORT WALKING CYCLING

Safe transport spaces, predictable and reliable transport means, built 2014 on consistent principles, are required in order to enable residents 45% 35% 18% 2% 10% to reach the sites of their everyday activities. If our intention is to 20% 20% 2030 operate our city predictably, stable financing has to be provided for 50% transport that facilitates cost-effective development, maintenance 30 to significantly reducing oil dependence, greenhouse gas emissions and local air and air local and emissions gas greenhouse dependence, oil reducing to significantly noise pollution. It will have to be complemented by the development of appropriate of appropriate development the by complemented to be have will It pollution. noise ‘conventionally-fuelled’ vehicles from the urban environment is a major contribution contribution amajor is environment urban the from vehicles ‘conventionally-fuelled’ transport, and 69% of road accidents occur in cities. The gradual phasing out of out phasing gradual The cities. in occur 69% accidents of and road transport, without the support of an adequate network and more intelligence in using it.” using in intelligence more and network adequate of an support the without ”Infrastructure shapes mobility. No major change in transport will be possible possible be will transport in change major No mobility. shapes ”Infrastructure Urban transport is responsible for about a quarter of CO2 emissions from of CO2 emissions aquarter for about responsible is transport Urban

1 2 B.4

TECHNOLOGIES – THROUGH THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW CONNECTIONS, CONNECTIONS, NEW OF INTRODUCTION THE – THROUGH MORE CONNECTIONS – ACHIEVED THROUGH THE CREATION OF A COMFORTABLE AND AND ACOMFORTABLE OF CREATION THE THROUGH – ACHIEVED ATTRACTIVE VEHICLES VEHICLES ATTRACTIVE OF THE DISSEMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENTALLY OF DISSEMINATION THE OF NETWORKS, RE-DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC SPACES AND PUBLIC OF RE-DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS, TRANSPORT EXISTING OF DEVELOPMENT RELIABLE AND SAFE PASSENGER-CENTRED INTERMODAL CONNECTIONS INTERMODAL PASSENGER-CENTRED PASSENGER-FRIENDLY VEHICLE FLEET AND THE ENCOURAGEMENT ENCOURAGEMENT THE AND FLEET VEHICLE PASSENGER-FRIENDLY INTERVENTION AREAS/PRIORITIES INTERVENTION The objective of using the existing infrastructure more efficiently is to is efficiently more infrastructure existing the of using objective The continuously ensured be must infrastructure of that availability The The intervention areas link the transport development means with with means development transport the link areas intervention The An accessible, well-maintained, safe infrastructure, satisfying the the satisfying infrastructure, safe well-maintained, accessible, An all transport modes are accessible and may be used safely. used be may and accessible are modes transport all development The environment. urban liveable and healthy attractive, remedies simultaneously which spaces, of urban redistribution the and the disproportionalities of the transport network and creates an creates and network transport of the disproportionalities the the system of institutions: system the and services vehicles, i.e., infrastructure, areas, intervention transport onfour focuses Plan Mór Balázs The of transport. field technical establish well-managed public spaces and community places where where places community and spaces public well-managed establish of the competitiveness of walking, cycling and public transport transport public and cycling of walking, competitiveness of the improves both the mobility and the environmental situation of the city. of the situation environmental the and mobility the both improves areas of public use revised to the leads development infrastructure Integrated development. and maintenance of operation, terms in environment. urban of the component important an and Budapest integrated strategic goals and determine the tasks for each traditional traditional for each tasks the determine and goals strategic integrated requirements of our times, forms the scene of everyday transport in transport of everyday scene the forms of times, our requirements fuelling/charging infrastructure for new vehicles.” EU EU EU EU White Paper White White Paper White

(30.) (10.)

The commissioning and operation of advanced, comfortable and comfortable of advanced, operation and commissioning The and economically its beyond well is fleet vehicle of the majority The As preventive maintenance and development have always been been always have development and maintenance preventive As caused by public transport vehicles operating in Budapest. Apart Apart Budapest. in operating vehicles transport public by caused attractive in itself than passenger cars. An advanced service and service advanced An cars. passenger than itself in attractive used in Budapest in order to make the air cleaner in the capital city. capital the in cleaner air to the make order in Budapest in used developments is to reduce the level of environmental pollution pollution of environmental level the to reduce is developments sufficient quality are available for the passengers every day. every passengers for the available are quality sufficient vehicle ageing the replacing gradually vehicles transport public safe refurbishment. value-adding through gone have that vehicles also including life, active ideal technically from the renewal of the public transport vehicle fleet, the measures measures the fleet, vehicle transport public of the renewal from the vehicle clean and accessible Acomfortable, task. urgent an is fleet of public transport in Budapest are significantly lower than required. required. than lower significantly are Budapest in transport of public improvement of the environmental characteristics of the vehicles vehicles of the characteristics environmental of the improvement In accordance with the EU guidelines, one of the objectives of future objectives of the one guidelines, EU the with accordance In regulating the taxi and city logistics services also encourage the the encourage also services logistics city and taxi the regulating of vehicles that to ensure needed also is background maintenance more transport public make can schedule per on time running postponed, the technical standards of the vehicles and infrastructure infrastructure and vehicles of the standards technical the postponed,

31 WHERE ARE WE HEADING? 3 BETTER SERVICES framework of cooperation of the participating organisations must

be put in place. In addition, a stable, sustainable and predictable – ACHIEVED THROUGH AN EFFECTIVELY ORGANISED AND financing framework is required for an effective governance system INTELLIGENT, WIDELY ACCESSIBLE INTEGRATED TRANSPORT that can function as the background of quality transport services. SYSTEM PROVIDING RELIABLE PASSENGER INFORMATION SERVICES WHERE ARE WE HEADING? B.5 OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVES AND MEASURES

32 To promote more sustainable behaviour, better mobility planning has to be The most important operational objectives have been defined for 33 actively encouraged. Information on all modes of transport, both for travel the four intervention areas of the Plan and a set of measures were and freight, on possibilities for their combined use and on their assigned to each. The projects, developed and implemented on environmental impact, will need to be widely available. the basis of the presented measures, will be the instruments for EU White Paper (48.) implementation of the strategy.

The availability, extent and quality of transport services are important FUTURE VISION parts of the quality of urban life. Public, real-time travel information, BUDAPEST IS A LIVEABLE, ATTRACTIVE CAPITAL CITY WITH A UNIQUE CHARACTER AND A RESPECTED MEMBER OF THE EUROPEAN NETWORK OF CITIES AS THE INNOVATIVE transparent and fair tariffs and advanced fee payment methods ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL CENTRE OF THE COUNTRY AND THE CITY REGION promote the use of the system and, simultaneously, facilitate more effective utilisation of the transport infrastructure and vehicles in GENERAL GOAL THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF BUDAPEST SHOULD IMPROVE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF BUDAPEST AND ITS REGION both individual and public transport. In the public transport system AND CONTRIBUTE TO A SUSTAINABLE, LIVEABLE, ATTRACTIVE AND HEALTHY URBAN ENVIRONMENT of Budapest, more stress must be put on accessible informational STRATEGIC I II III technology applications that assist the movement of people and LIVEABLE URBAN SAFE, PREDICTABLE AND COOPERATION IN REGIONAL influence their needs and the usage, as well as on advanced traffic OBJECTIVES ENVIRONMENT DYNAMIC TRANSPORT CONNECTIONS control and passenger information systems.

1 INTEROPERABLE INTEGRATED 4 EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE MORE LIVEABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORK CONNECTIONS PUBLIC SPACES COMFORTABLE DEVELOPMENT – ACHIEVED THROUGH CONSISTENT REGULATIONS, AND THE INTERMODEL NODES PASSENGER FRIENDLY DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL NETWORK CONNECTIONS 2 ATTRACTIVE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY COMFORTABLE, PASSENGER FRIENDLY VEHICLES VEHICLES ”The objective is to enable the residents, economic actors and various institutions to TECHNOLOGIES find high-quality homes in the city in an excellent infrastructure, sustainable natural and built environment under appropriate organisational and legal conditions.” Budapest 2030 VFK 3 BETTER ACTIVE AWARENESS IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF SERVICE SERVICES RAISING The transport governance system of Budapest must support

the achievement of the set urban policy objectives. Since 2010, INVENTION AREAS/PRIORITIES the transport matters of Budapest have been implemented in a consistent, well-coordinated form. The main task for the subsequent 4 EFFICIENT REGIONAL CONSISTENT REGULATIONS years will be to ensure operation as an integrated system of the GOVERNANCE COOPERATION currently separate public transport services, which operate within the city and on the metropolitan area networks. The formation of a consistent timetable, consistent tariffs and a consistent information system is conditional upon the needed governance background. The OPERATIVE OBJECTIVES FITTING INTO STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES AND INTERVENTION AREAS set of institutions of the consistent transport service system and the MORE

34 CONNECTIONS ACHIEVED BY INTRODUCING NEW CONNECTIONS AS WELL 1 AS THROUGH THE SAFE AND RELIABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXISTING TRANSPORT NETWORKS, THE REDISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC AREAS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER-CENTRED INTERMODAL CONNECTIONS

THE NUMBER OF TRACK-BOUND CONNECTIONS + CROSSING THE ADMINISTRATIVE BORDERS OF THE CITY AND REACHING THE CITY CENTRE 50% WITHOUT ANY CHANGE WILL INCREASE BY 50%

THE NUMBER OF AT LEAST 15 KILOMETRE- + LONG, TRACK-BOUND AND DIRECT 100% CONNECTIONS WILL BE DOUBLED BY 2030

2014 2030 36 The radial-circular main road network of Budapest has only been been only has of Budapest network road main radial-circular The Although the capacity of the public transport network would permit permit would network transport public of the capacity the Although Since the 1970s, the public transport system of Budapest has been been has of Budapest system transport public 1970s, the the Since Over the last few decades, urban and transport development ignored ignored development transport and urban few decades, last the Over connecting services were cut off at metro stations and, apart from apart and, stations metro at off were cut services connecting topography. to its due side Pest onthe primarily connections, centre, also uses the historic, centuries-old narrow streets of the of the streets narrow centuries-old historic, the uses centre, also city. There are no continuous high-capacity, transversal connections connections transversal high-capacity, continuous no are There city. of the parts certain in fragmented and incomplete are components city increasing congestion of public roads also in areas that are well are that areas in also roads of public congestion increasing city adequate performance for the size and the needs of the city, the city, the of the needs the and size for the performance adequate a few exceptions, surface transport services operating in the inner inner the in operating services transport surface a few exceptions, and the urban sprawl were not followed by any considerable road considerable any by followed were not sprawl urban the and and in the metropolitan area, where the most intensive changes took changes intensive most the where area, metropolitan the in and urban processes. All that is an especially great problem in suburbs suburbs in problem great especially an is that All processes. urban developed in the inner areas. The development of the spatial structure structure spatial of the development The areas. inner the in developed the development of urban transport could not flexibly follow the the follow flexibly not could transport of urban development the transport as a weightless problem, which is also reflected in the shape of of shape the in reflected also is which problem, aweightless as transport from motorised separately it with dealt and of cycling importance the the feeder function their role in the network was eliminated. was network the in role their function feeder the The area. metropolitan of the parts outer the in operating services railways, suburban to the to transfer need passengers thus suburbs, the reach lines four metro existing of the None lines. metro the therefore an increasing share of road traffic, not headed to the city city to the headed not traffic, of road share increasing an therefore served by public transport. public by served for the forthcoming period to eliminate the fragmentation in the the in fragmentation the to eliminate period forthcoming for the Budapest has changed a great deal over the last three decades, but but decades, three last over the deal agreat changed has Budapest inner city and the centrally located Danube bridges. It will be a task atask be will It bridges. Danube located centrally the and city inner in suburban districts either by road or by public transport, and transport, public orby road by either districts suburban in road network of Budapest today. The complex design and implementation implementation and design today. complex The of Budapest network road the also but reliability, and time travel only not impact negatively mainly determined by public transport lines feeding to and from to and feeding lines transport public by determined mainly transversal the to introduce and system transport track-bound radial rail connections were not put in place in full; the existing network network existing the full; in place in put were not connections rail and road transversal The suburbs. the in development network public spaces more liveable have recently focused intensively oncycling. intensively focused recently have liveable more spaces public to make development and refurbishment infrastructure at aimed projects required. is reconstruction Therefore network. of the performance parts of the city have not, until recently, had any connections with connections any recently, had until not, have city of the parts from Apart terminuses. metro the at ortrolleybuses trams buses, place encouraging car use. The problem stretches across the whole whole the across stretches problem use. The car encouraging place limitations on the track-bound network due to the obsolete infrastructure infrastructure obsolete to the due network track-bound onthe limitations 1.1 AND THROUGH NETWORK DEVELOPMENT REDUCING TRAFFIC TRAFFIC REDUCING DEVELOPMENT NETWORK THROUGH AND THROUGH INTELLIGENT URBAN STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS CONNECTIONS URBAN STRUCTURAL INTELLIGENT THROUGH DISPROPORTIONALITY

INTEGRATED NETWORK DEVELOPMENT NETWORK INTEGRATED Three operational objectives promoting integration with urban urban with integration promoting objectives operational Three The basic infrastructure of urban transport comprises the rail, suburban suburban rail, the comprises transport of urban infrastructure basic The The lack of network components of the track-bound infrastructure infrastructure track-bound of the components of network lack The According to the underlying principle of the Plan, those systems need need systems those Plan, of the principle underlying to the According completed (e.g. Danube bridges, ring road network components on components network road ring bridges, (e.g. Danube completed and the intersection of various, not interoperable track-bound track-bound interoperable not of various, intersection the and multilane excessive legs); elsewhere intersection carriageway, a single partially oronly were not components network important areas: urban districts. The additional network elements of surface transport, transport, of surface elements network additional The districts. urban development, integration of transport modes and regional integration integration regional and modes of transport integration development, developing the infrastructure. Traces of former, infrastructure. partially the developing summarises the measures according to the respective transport modes. transport respective to the according measures the summarises The approach. integrated an with developed and managed to be Mobility needs cannot be satisfied with quality services without without services quality with satisfied be cannot needs Mobility only development of such spirit should be implemented. This section section This implemented. be should spirit of such development only integrated approach is an overall requirement in network development; development; network in requirement overall an is approach integrated infrastructure. of the layers fine form the roads, secondary including implemented road development may be seen primarily in suburban suburban in primarily seen be may development road implemented various regional and long-distance connections and connecting the the connecting and connections long-distance and regional various relate to infrastructure development: to infrastructure relate rail, metro and bus network, as well as the main road network, providing providing network, road main the as well as network, bus and metro rail, networks force bus transport to replace track-bound services ona services track-bound to replace transport force bus networks traffic. calmed with areas residential near were constructed roads | | | – – – • • •

interoperable systems and comfortable mode-switching points. mode-switching comfortable and systems interoperable spaces public liveable development network integrated

37 MORE CONNECTIONS TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENTS TRACK-BOUND TERMLONG URBAN Planned track-bound developments Planned P+R car parks Existing/planned intermodal junction Existing/planned Railway connections railway rapid Urban M1 line metro and Tram tracks Danube the over bridge Planned 1.1.1

PUBLIC TRANSPORT ROUTES PROVIDING DIRECT CONNECTIONS DIRECT PROVIDING ROUTES TRANSPORT PUBLIC The fragmentation of the tram network many decades ago and the the and ago decades many network tram of the fragmentation The Thus the continuous track network can eliminate the current insular insular current the eliminate can network track continuous the Thus system, aunified as network, track transport public of the development The The connection of isolated components of various urban rail networks networks rail urban of various components of isolated connection The Apart from the establishment of specific connections and connecting connecting and connections of specific establishment from the Apart clear that the renewed tram service is a significantly cheaper, more asignificantly is service tram renewed the that clear connections and the introduction of a few new connections, as well. as connections, of afew new introduction the and connections a sufficient number of attractive P+R car parks and B+R storage facilities facilities storage B+R and parks P+R car of attractive number a sufficient gradual reduction of its service area assumed the expansion of the expansion the assumed area service of its reduction gradual pollution environmental more entails which high, disproportionately should also be established at the stations of the suburban sections. suburban of the stations the at established be also should to track-bound transport. In order to achieve basic level equal equal level basic to achieve order In transport. to track-bound compared costs operating high and necessary absolutely than that can be included in urban transportation. The connection points points connection The transportation. urban in included be can that to addition In sections. onshared to passengers capacity sufficient and services attractive yet provide areas, impact cover large that Main directions of development: directions Main elements and standardisation of the parameters of technical operation, operation, of technical parameters of the standardisation and elements effective and passenger friendly solution than the metro. the than solution friendly passenger and effective opportunities in transport, otherwise unnecessary parallel functions functions parallel unnecessary otherwise transport, in opportunities of multi-level track-bound transportation should be developed developed be should transportation track-bound of multi-level built be may groups line interconnecting and diverging operations: individual transport both in capacity and in travel time in the long run. run. long the in time travel in and capacity in both transport individual in road traffic than what actually took place. By now it has become become has it now By place. took actually what than traffic road in interoperable connections also has to be examined. to be has also connections interoperable to create possibility the and junctions, intermodal high-quality into network railway national of the elements to those applicable also is would allow for high-quality services, which are competitive with motorised motorised with competitive are which services, for high-quality allow would metro network at an impossible rate and a much smaller increase increase smaller amuch rate and impossible an at network metro run. short the in network the in maintained and established be must rapid railway (metro and suburban railways) and tram networks, this this networks, tram and railways) suburban (metro and railway rapid network terminated previously of the of some reconstruction the requires permanent basis. That is why the number of buses on the roads is roads onthe of buses number the why is That basis. permanent | | | | | 2 1 5 4 3 | | | | | – – – – – • • • • •

development of regional connections and regional coverage regional and connections of regional development establishment of transversal track-bound connections. track-bound of transversal establishment integration of urban and suburban track-bound networks, track-bound suburban and of urban integration building of the missing interconnections of the track-bound of the interconnections missing of the building expansion of the track-bound network in densely built suburban suburban built densely in network track-bound of the expansion zones, network in the city centre, city the in network 39 TÖBB KAPCSOLAT 40 A network is consistent when the city centre and important important and centre city the when consistent is A network Vintegration of urban and suburban track-bound networks track-bound suburban and of urban Vintegration Cegléd and Lajosmizse, and at Rákosfalva, with a connection to the aconnection with Rákosfalva, at and Lajosmizse, and Cegléd access to the metro. Travel times would be significantly reduced on reduced significantly metro. Travel be would to the access times urban areas from each other could also be eliminated. As part part As eliminated. be also could other from each areas urban districts and the metropolitan area. metropolitan the and districts to ensure order in reviewed be should network bus distribution significantly improve the quality of the connections of suburban of suburban connections of the quality the improve significantly suburban high-capacity of labour. Advanced, division optimal the of boundaries administrative the outside and within town, both also must P+R components and replaced be must vehicles the lines railway suburban existing the development, integrated to have lines suburban from existing accessed be can axes transport these renewed lines, and the currently required changing between between changing required currently the and lines, renewed these gain would settlements region's the and transport) track-bound M2 with the existing suburban railway network, the eastern city city eastern the network, railway suburban existing the with M2 By way of developing the east-west axis and connecting metro line line metro connecting and axis east-west the way ofBy developing and feeder total the developments, to these relation In Budapest. f hs eeomn, cneto cud e rae a Törökőr, at created be could connection a development, this of without any discomfort in changing and any loss of time. In order In of time. loss any and changing in discomfort any without with. A part of the ground-level crossings that separate these these separate that crossings ground-level of the Apart with. need to be reconstructed, barrier-free access has to be provided, provided, to be has access barrier-free reconstructed, to be need with connections to the regional railway lines leading to Monor, leading lines railway regional to the connections with urban by served not Budapest in area only the (including regions railway ring. High-capacity P+R car parks should be constructed at constructed be should parks P+R car High-capacity ring. railway be constructed at several locations along the roads leading into leading roads the along locations several at constructed be lines reaching the city centre without the need to transfer can to transfer need the without centre city the reaching lines lines via the underpass at Örs vezér tér would also be done away done be also would vezér tér Örs at underpass the via lines The connections of the 11 railway lines that terminate in Budapest Budapest in terminate that 11 lines of railway the connections The The north-south regional rapid railway line - the future M5 - will M5 future -the line railway rapid regional north-south The Over the long term, the western extension of metro line 4 should 4 should line of metro extension western the term, long the Over connection with the Esztergom railway line, the development of development the line, railway Esztergom the with connection connections would be implemented from the south over the south from the implemented be would connections created with motorway M0. This investment would fill the need for need the fill would investment This M0. motorway with created of Csepel that with of Szentendre axes transportation the connect 17 of District centre the serve could which line, to this connect could and of the urban transportation network have to be improved. In improved. to be have network transportation urban of the and M1 M7. and from motorways Moreover, connection arriving the line the allows that amanner in and account, into taken be also to could branch connect the Soroksár and southern its Kaszásdűlő, a railway infrastructure in the Southern Pest agglomeration, which which agglomeration, Pest Southern the in infrastructure a railway revitalized. to be are that road this along areas brownfield the and distances to increase and the existing railway infrastructure that is that infrastructure railway existing the and to increase distances the interest of reducing distances between changes, stops have to have stops changes, between distances of reducing interest the of the designation The centres. settlement the burden not shall for those P+R connection attractive an creating Budaörs, to reach significantly decrease in both directions, allowing daily commute daily allowing directions, both in decrease significantly the southern part of Csepel Island is also envisaged in several of the several in envisaged also is Island of Csepel part southern the rapid urban aunified of creating interest the in centre city the size their locations, other at motorways; the with connections the final terminal requires examinations. additional one line to another have to be simplified, and more parking has to has parking more and simplified, to be have to another line one opposed to travel by bus or individual transportation. Connecting Connecting transportation. or individual bus to by travel opposed in many locations underutilized would become more attractive as attractive more become would underutilized locations many in only is today that areas Pest Southern in and Bend Danube the in variants. As far as possible, an intermodal intersection would be would intersection intermodal an possible, far as As variants. under leading tunnel railway anew way with Soroksári and Islandt which already took into account interchangeability with Óbuda- with interchangeability account into took already which would revaluate this area, which has an increasing population population increasing an has which area, this revaluate would line feeder Rákoskeresztúr The needs. to local adjusted be would railway line. midterm and from the north over the long term. The northern northern The term. long over the north from the and midterm metro lines. The connected three suburban railway lines would lines railway suburban three connected The lines. metro four existing to the connections provides also that network railway be provided. be from to change required routes together, the closer brought be a provide could railway rapid regional north-south of the branch but bad infrastructure. The development's new city centre tunnel tunnel centre city new development's The infrastructure. bad but Travel would detours. and times changes several with possible agglomerations from the lines for connecting apossibility provide

41 MORE CONNECTIONS 42 track-bound network track-bound Developing the missing interconnections of the inner-city inner-city of the interconnections missing the Developing - Rákóczi way - Kossuth Lajos street. In the case of the latter, the of the case the In street. Lajos way -Kossuth - Rákóczi The connection points of the railway and urban track-bound urban and railway of the points connection The The new city centre connections should be implemented in a in implemented be should connections centre city new The these away with doing at aim connections network new The An additional possibility is harmonizing the railway system to be to be system railway the harmonizing is possibility additional An Gödöllő), Közvágóhíd (tram lines 2 and 24, metro M5) and Élessarok Élessarok and M5) metro 24, and 2 lines (tram Közvágóhíd Gödöllő), (tram lines 3, 28, and 37). Traffic on the railway ring should be used to used be should ring railway 37). Traffic onthe and 3, 28, (tram lines (tram on 14), (tram line Pestújhely railway), Angyalföld suburban (H5 also has to be kept open for the long term. long for the kept open to be has also When the metro network was developed in the 1970s in its radial radial its 1970s in the in wasdeveloped network metro the When developed in the Marcheggi Bridge area that crosses the Szob railway railway Szob the crosses that area Bridge Marcheggi the in developed transportation networks: transportation diverging and interconnecting system that serves several lines. lines. several serves that system interconnecting and diverging way onVáci and Pest in axis north-south the along deficiencies should be organised into a unified system in cooperation with the the with cooperation in system aunified into organised be should to individual transportation, and it holds back the positive revaluation revaluation positive the back holds it and transportation, to individual even for short stops ortwo one after required still are changes trams, Erzsébet királyné way), Újpalota and Rákosfalva (M2 line extended to extended line (M2 Rákosfalva and way), Újpalota királyné Erzsébet elements; terminals are to be developed accordingly. The new lines lines new The accordingly. developed to be are terminals elements; of city centre areas. The environmentally detrimental effects of the of the effects detrimental environmentally The areas. centre of city Diametric and overlapping relations are preferred on the network network onthe preferred are relations overlapping and Diametric way onThököly axis east-west way, the along and Bajcsy-Zsilinszky meet any un-discovered travel needs within the city. the within needs travel un-discovered any meet 1), Aquincum (tram line Aranyvölgy ring: railway on the stations new the by expanded be will connections railway -urban of railway number routes, surface transport lines were also truncated and several tram several and truncated were also lines transport surface routes, multi-lane roads on the surface are also a contributing factor. acontributing also are surface onthe roads multi-lane possibility of leading the line over Erzsébet Bridge towards Buda towards Bridge over Erzsébet line the of leading possibility of trams; however, case of the these in role the filled have lines bus journeys. This decreases the appeal of public transport as opposed opposed as transport of public appeal the decreases This journeys. line with the extension of the M1. Based on the development plans, a plans, development onthe M1. Based of the extension the with line lines ceased service. Since the need has remained, long connecting connecting long remained, has need the Since service. ceased lines | | | – – – • • •

h Üli a cneto pit ewe te 3 cei way Ecseri M3 the between point connection way Üllői The Cegléd Törökőr new on stop the the and Törökőr M2 new station M1 Mexikói way station and the new Városliget stop on the on the stop Városliget new the and way station M1 Mexikói Cegléd line,Cegléd station and Kelenföld – Keleti railway stations, as well as the the as well as stations, railway – Keleti Kelenföld and station railway ring on Pest. onPest. ring railway line above Kerepesi way, Kerepesi above line

Expanding the track-bound network in densely populated areas lo areas populated densely in network track-bound the Expanding cated in the suburbs suburbs the in cated The network development did not follow the urban structural structural urban the follow not did development network The The developments will restore the units of the city's track-bound city's of the units the restore will developments The The environmentally-friendly accessibility of Gellérthegy will improve will of Gellérthegy accessibility environmentally-friendly The any sufficient track-bounded transport connection. Neither the the Neither connection. transport track-bounded sufficient any constructed between 1970 and 1990 were not provided with provided not were 1990 and 1970 between constructed estates housing several therefore decades, previous of the changes the metro network has been extended with a few stations in the the in stations afew with extended been has network metro the nor network, to the connected been have railways suburban the together with inherent pollution and noise loads, will decrease. will loads, noise and pollution inherent with together traffic, car and bus and increase, will potential area's tourism the enabling reduction in traffic on the city centre's main roads. main centre's city onthe traffic in reduction enabling example, different station positioning) and economic (for example, economic and positioning) station different example, (for traffic to any attention special paying network, metro existing it is uneconomical to transfer passengers to ametro) justifications. passengers to transfer uneconomical is it with the construction of the Rác funicular. This would result in a in result would This funicular. Rác of the construction the with new sections of the tram network have been implemented, nor nor implemented, been have network tram of the sections new network, which will improve accessibility in numerous directions, directions, numerous in accessibility improve will which network, positive change in the lives of those living in the affected environment, environment, affected the in living of those lives the in change positive -

43 MORE CONNECTIONS 44 - Kelebia, and the Budapest - Hatvan - Miskolc-Tiszai lines as well as as well as lines -Miskolc-Tiszai -Hatvan Budapest the and - Kelebia, 18, for the Újpalota residential area in District 15, for Újlipótváros in in Újlipótváros for 15, District in area residential Újpalota the for 18, A fundamental task is to provide competitive track-bound services services track-bound competitive to provide is task A fundamental Out of the above-mentioned tasks it is prominent to modernise to modernise prominent is it tasks above-mentioned of the Out far, to get rid of speed restrictions, to modernise and make stations stations make and to modernise restrictions, far, of speed rid to get District in located areas residential Gloriett and Havanna the for objectives of the Budapest transport strategy. transport Budapest of the objectives areas. metropolitan the in feeds public local develop and accessible, transportation. suburban and of urban integration to the objective; be would terminal the addition, In motorways. M2 to the and suburban with as well as Káposztásmegyer in one the with and tér, Vigadó at be should terminal centre city the that examined Railway, to make Underground Millennium year-old 120 of the Railway Józsefvárosi former the at stations depot above-mentioned the to place reasonable seems It required. be also will places depot of new construction the room, more require that vehicles of new which Óbuda, in located area residential of the axis main the along can be improved and the congested bus routes can also be relieved. be also can routes bus congested the and improved be can connections in the midterm with the residential area in Újpest Újpest in area residential the with midterm the in connections the utilisation and economical operation of the existing network network existing of the operation economical and utilisation the the refurbishment of their suburban sections are also connected to connected also are sections suburban of their refurbishment the the Budapest-Veresegyház-Vác and Budapest–Dabas-Lajosmizse so refurbished been not have that lines suburban to modernise is task extension. of the phase first the in realistic is tér Kassai at terminal of the transformation to the due up freed become would that Extending metro line M3 towards the north would create create would north the towards M3 line metro Extending areas Furthermore, hub. intermodal asignificant to develop used In addition to the urban track-bound systems, another significant significant another systems, track-bound urban to the addition In the between connections to create important similarly also is It fleet vehicle special the to replace importance of paramount is It network. of the centre the at located terminal) (container Station purchase the with and network tram of the expansion the With connection anorth-south to create necessary is it mid-term, the In ideal for P+R operations. This provides an indirect link to the first first to the link indirect an provides This P+R for operations. ideal where the necessary suburban railway developments could be be could developments railway suburban necessary the where Bridge, Marcheggi around be should terminal end other the while line tram to the Bridge Margit the via linked to be practical be would vicinity of the new housing estates. By eliminating those deficiencies, deficiencies, those eliminating By estates. housing new of the vicinity Budapest - Pusztaszabolcs - Pécs, Budapest - Kunszentmiklós -Tass -Kunszentmiklós Budapest -Pécs, -Pusztaszabolcs Budapest Rákosrendező A potentials. development have significant station Széchenyi- (Svábhegy, 12 District in Buda in area hilly the 13, District railway lines; while it would also provide connections to the M0 M0 to the connections provide also would it while lines; railway network. Out of the national lines, the refurbishment of the of the refurbishment the lines, national of the Out network. way. Ecseri at lines metro and railway previously-mentioned running on the Pest or Embankment on Nagykörút (Grand Boulevard). Aranyvölgy). út, Bécsi (Külső Óbuda for and region), Normafa hegy, lines that do not constitute part of the long distance national national distance long of the part constitute not do that lines stops accessible and to extend the line in both directions. It is is It directions. both in line the to extend and accessible stops 1.1.2 Establishment of transversal track-bound connections track-bound of transversal Establishment Regional connections and the development of regional coverage of regional development the and connections Regional

MODERNISATION OF THE EXISTING TRACK-BOUND NETWORK TRACK-BOUND EXISTING THE OF MODERNISATION The main components of this measure include the construction of construction the include measure of this components main The the and routes radial the forced to are use trips many why is That one is centre) lines the avoiding (diagonal, of transversal lack The The adequate interoperability of the integrated track-bound network network track-bound integrated of the interoperability adequate The A suitable division of labour between track-bound and bus services services bus and track-bound between of labour division A suitable condition of a considerable part of the existing sections. Although Although sections. existing of the part of aconsiderable condition elsewhere. lie destinations actual their centre, even if city across the Danube, to Albertfalva-Budafok. With suitable adaptation, adaptation, suitable With to Albertfalva-Budafok. Danube, the across arise in the field of travel, the bus sector is to create diametric and diametric to create is sector bus of the travel, field the in arise used in part to improve regional connections and coverage. Where coverage. Where and connections regional to improve part in used solutions. In the complex approach to the reconstruction of the transport transport of the reconstruction to the approach complex the In solutions. risk. at is network whole the of interoperability and usability the resolved, is issue the unless that of framework aconsolidated within of operation issue an is this track- transversal of the part integral an become could ring railway the bridge anew through and,finally, Csepel to Pesterzsébet, phases several Kelenföld way to the the all road ring Hungária the 1along tramline Rákosrendező. Later on, the external ring may also be extended in extended be also may ring external the on, Later Rákosrendező. environment that can keep up with the development of the technical technical of the development the with up keep can that environment aregulatory requires also modernisation The backlog. of the elimination track-bound whole onthe task outstanding an is infrastructure existing operation, at present the phenomenon is so extensive in Budapest Budapest in extensive so is phenomenon the present at operation, of Budapest. structure spatial of the disadvantages serious of the overlapping diverging and interconnecting network elements. network interconnecting and diverging overlapping involves the reconstruction of the entire cross-section of the public space. public of the cross-section entire of the reconstruction the involves tram Pest external of the extension the as well as hub intermodal is not only limited by the missing components, but also by the poor the by also but components, missing the by limited only not is needs suitable if and unavailable are services track-bound integrated has to be created: at such areas where track-bound networks have networks track-bound where areas such at created: to be has In order to ensure the long-term capacity of the network, the the network, of the capacity long-term the to ensure order In with the construction of parallel transversal roads. transversal of parallel construction the with networks, the reconstruction of the infrastructure (where connectible) connectible) (where infrastructure of the reconstruction the networks, gradual the facilitates that apace at performed be must which network of the components deteriorated of the replacement and modernisation in site brown-field the through 3to Angyalföld line tram is that ring been integrated, the freed bus performance resources have to be have resources performance bus freed the integrated, been simultaneously made be must developments The connections. bound

45 MORE CONNECTIONS 46 These investments, implemented with an integrated approach, should should approach, integrated an with implemented investments, These Among the most important backbone network components, metro metro components, network backbone important most the Among connections must be built for the metro network, the majority of the of the majority the network, metro for the built be must connections comparison requires reconstruction. The majority of the suburban suburban of the majority The reconstruction. requires comparison aligned to the requirements of the 21st century and to the conditions conditions to the and century 21st of the requirements to the aligned depots also require reconstruction. Simultaneously with those tasks, tasks, those with Simultaneously reconstruction. require also depots infrastructure, station and track from the Apart service. of the quality track network, which would help maintain the condition of the lines. lines. of the condition the maintain help would which network, track acontinuous sustainability, to ensure order In cycles. life to their sections these Also improved. has infrastructure of the condition the vehicle of the some and lines of the systems supply energy the the new line sections and of accessible platforms as well as with vehicle vehicle with as well as platforms of accessible and sections line new the must platforms of the width the interventions, technical necessary the Most tramlines have been refurbished since the 1990s, consequently consequently 1990s, the since refurbished been have tramlines Most of safe operation. New services must be introduced at the stations via via stations the at introduced be must services New operation. of safe is limited on a considerable part of the lines, which also decreases the the decreases also which lines, of the part onaconsiderable limited is have to be provided and the capacity of parallel bus transport services services transport bus of parallel capacity the and provided to be have will have to be reduced with an integrated approach. integrated an with reduced to be have will reconstruction financing system must be put in place on the tram- onthe place in put be must system financing reconstruction according again reconstructed and refurbished gradually to be need railway lines are in a bad condition; the existing infrastructure must be be must infrastructure existing the condition; a bad in are lines railway procurements. In the course of reconstruction, noise and vibration vibration and noise of reconstruction, course the In procurements. of construction the with of financing and of timing terms in aligned be Speed eliminated. to be have areas accident-prone and extended be level crossings need to be eliminated, accessibility for the disabled will will disabled for the accessibility eliminated, to be need crossings level line M3 which carries the largest number of passengers even in national national even in of passengers number largest the carries which M3 line 1.1.3 BRIDGES AND VIA ROAD-RAIL CROSSINGS ON DIFFERENT LEVELS DIFFERENT ON CROSSINGS ROAD-RAIL VIA AND BRIDGES

CONNECTION OF SEPARATED PARTS OF THE CITY VIA NEW DANUBE DANUBE NEW VIA CITY THE PARTS OF SEPARATED OF CONNECTION The main development tasks in the next period are the renovation renovation the are period next the in tasks development main The construction of wires to make up for any missing sections. missing for any to up make of wires construction of need the without sections shorter with supplemented be also can crossings, which are currently missing from the transport structure structure transport from the missing currently are which crossings, across bridges new constructing by reduced substantially be can areas and islands on the North Budapest Danube section, and along along and section, Danube Budapest North onthe islands and areas Danube The created. be can structure urban centralised less and balanced amore areas, surrounding of the development the by and the development of public areas must also be performed. be also must areas of public development the system with a few localised interventions, and the recreational recreational the and interventions, afew localised with system apermeable into organised be could branch Ráckeve-Danube the green and spaces of open cluster The connections. transport shaped ring- city’s of the pillars basic the be also will street) street–Kén Danube the across bridges of new construction the By Danube. the transit private car use can be gradually eliminated, new connections connections new eliminated, gradually be can use car private transit of outdated power supply systems on trolleybus lines and the the and lines ontrolleybus systems supply power of outdated of Budapest (Csepel–Albertfalva, Újpest–Aquincumof and Galvani Budapest (Csepel–Albertfalva, integration of high-speed switches and of intersections that do not do that of intersections and switches of high-speed integration vehicles capable of autonomous operation, the trolleybus network network trolleybus the operation, of autonomous capable vehicles In the inner parts of the city, traffic concentration may be eased, the the eased, be may concentration city, traffic of the parts inner the In require decreases in speed. Simultaneously with the procurement of procurement the with Simultaneously speed. in decreases require network of the Danube corridor may be expanded significantly significantly expanded be may corridor Danube of the network may be established between external district centres and the traffic traffic the and centres district external between established be may protection tasks and, wherever required, landscaping activities and and activities landscaping required, wherever and, tasks protection by the construction of smaller bridges for pedestrians and cyclists cyclists and for pedestrians bridges of smaller construction the by load of the central Danube bridges and the related road network network road related the and bridges Danube central of the load

47 MORE CONNECTIONS 48 1.1.4

ROAD NETWORK ROAD

CONSTRUCTION OF THE MISSING COMPONENTS OF THE OF COMPONENTS MISSING THE OF CONSTRUCTION The road-rail level crossings of the main and collection road collection and main of the crossings level road-rail The They may be replaced primarily in relation to the reconstruction of reconstruction to the relation in primarily replaced be may They The main ring-radial road network of Budapest is complete only in the the in only complete is of Budapest network road ring-radial main The The most striking inadequacies may be observed on the Körvasút ring, ring, Körvasút onthe observed be may inadequacies striking most The Consequently, there are no continuous transversal road connections connections road transversal continuous no are there Consequently, congested district centres can be bypassed and relieved of car traffic traffic of car relieved and bypassed be can centres district congested Molnár Island, (Óbuda Danube of the side-branches the across could not be implemented, as revised developments that fit in with with in fit that developments revised as implemented, be not could city centre areas from transit traffic. It also has an important effect effect important an has also It traffic. from transit areas centre city create also will It network. road central on the of traffic concentration units of transitional zones of Budapest, are as follows: Its significance significance Its follows: as are of Budapest, zones of transitional units the continuous flow of road traffic and are also prone to accidents. to accidents. prone also are and traffic of road flow continuous the impede significantly, routes of the capacity the reduce separated, the city; mostly the transversal road connections are missing, while the the while missing, are connections road transversal the mostly city; the switches in transport modes will be connected in the transitional zone zone transitional the in connected be will modes transport in switches regional the links which ring, railway the along road ring of the tasks the along road ring the is deficiencies for any up fortool making backbone the Pest, Southeast in districts the connecting road the identified. to be need concept development transport Budapest the existing network components are often incomplete or fragmented. orfragmented. incomplete often are components network existing extensive expansion of capacities to accommodate increasing traffic, traffic, increasing to accommodate of capacities expansion extensive of public transport options. However, the former plans, focusing on focusing However, plans, former options. the transport of public inner parts of the city. The construction of the main road network was network road main of the construction The city. of the parts inner in the transportation structure, since the various regional units and and units regional various the since structure, transportation the in the decreasing by implemented be will structure road public the in many-faceted and strategy urban of the significance The Danube. Island). A feasibility study summarising the implementation options implementation the summarising study Afeasibility Island). will be made for the construction of the next Danube bridge. Danube next of the construction for the made be will within the framework of certain railway projects. railway of certain framework the within From the aspect of spatial and transport structure, the most important important most the structure, transport and of spatial aspect the From network of Budapest make the concerned parts of the town of the parts concerned the make of Budapest network which must be achieved in parallel to the integrated development development integrated to the parallel in achieved be must which the roads, transversal constructing By capacity. sufficient with crossings separated of grade construction the through lines, railway railway ring and the construction of the connected bridges over the over the bridges connected of the construction the and ring railway way. király Lajos Nagy in and Csepel in road new connections, thereby freeing the environmentally sensitive sensitive environmentally the freeing thereby connections, new less and less capable of keeping up with the continuous extension of extension continuous the with up of keeping capable less and less Körvasút ring Körvasút 1.1.5 1.1.6

CONTINUOUS MAIN CYCLING NETWORK ROAD RECONSTRUCTION WITH A COMPLEX APPROACH ACOMPLEX WITH ROAD RECONSTRUCTION (e.g., replacement of pavement) by maintaining traffic alignment. In In alignment. traffic maintaining by of pavement) (e.g., replacement helps modes). This transport in of area switches main the is (which continuous and safe main bicycle network will be built in the inner city city inner the in built be will network bicycle main safe and continuous cycling network, bicycle traffic has also been growing dynamically dynamically growing been also has traffic bicycle network, cycling and pavements surrounding including redesigned, be will cross-section to increasing areas, of overburdened burden the to easing contributes and connects parts of the city, facilitating a connection between the the between aconnection city, facilitating of the parts connects and a complex, phased schedule, in line with urban development goals. development urban with line in schedule, phased a complex, total the necessary, whereby, if age of the requirements to the according days doubled between 2006 and 2010. and 2006 between doubled days green areas that impact walking and cycling. and walking impact that areas green the course of that development, the road surface will be reallocated reallocated be will surface road the development, of that course the interventions condition-improving of making instead requirements traffic to has connection new The targets. policy urban with line in structure spatial the to forming thus areas, rustbelt of underutilized value the By system. transportation of the nature compact the to strengthen Road reconstruction in Budapest (including the related bridges and and bridges related the (including Budapest in reconstruction Road Parallel with the development of the previously heavily fragmented fragmented heavily previously of the development the with Parallel of an basis onthe refurbished be will infrastructure and bridge Each ensure service to the railway passenger transport connection points points connection transport passenger railway to the service ensure over the last few years, whereby cyclists have become natural become have cyclists whereby few years, last over the and alignment of traffic review onthe based changes complex of making it structure, of area urban the in lanes development new opening of cycling and walking will be improved and, if required, traffic traffic required, if and, improved be will walking and of cycling infrastructure) should be prepared and designed with the basic principle principle basic the with designed and prepared be should infrastructure) individual review. In addition to the structural reconstruction of the of the reconstruction structural to the review. addition In individual conditions the approach, acomplex with detail in implemented to be refurbishment, infrastructure transport and road to the Due In order to ensure the accessibility of the city for cyclists, anew, for cyclists, city of the accessibility the to ensure order In within the Hungária ring road that can be used easily and well by cyclists, cyclists, by well and easily used be can that road ring Hungária the within made by using traffic and accident data. accident and traffic using by made for suitable made be also will stops transport public refurbishment, bicycle traffic count data, the number of people cycling on working onworking cycling of people number the data, count traffic bicycle to regular According spaces. public and transport in participants parking. suitable and ring railway for the planned bridges, the connecting roads will also be reconstructed based on based reconstructed be also will roads connecting the bridges, low-floor vehicles. The required traffic safety interventions can be be can interventions safety traffic required The vehicles. low-floor of the framework the Within reprogrammed. be also will lights

49 MORE CONNECTIONS 50 1.1.7 SECONDARY ROAD NETWORK SECONDARY

IMPROVING CYCLING ACCESSIBILITY, A BICYCLE-FRIENDLY The role of the local infrastructure components supplementing the the supplementing components infrastructure local of the role The the to satisfy able been not has infrastructure cycling urban The certain sections of the network are not properly interconnected and and interconnected properly not are network of the sections certain to and work cycling commuters assist will centres the in districts among are frequent conflicts in relation to pedestrians and parking. The record, record, The parking. and to pedestrians relation in conflicts frequent are there and condition, abad in are surfaces route the errors, alignment along a particular single route, but rather on an area-basis (speed (speed area-basis onan rather route, but single aparticular along dynamically increasing demand for everyday cycling: the state of the of the state the cycling: for everyday demand increasing dynamically connections and connections bicycle of local development city, the the traffic calming. It involves numerous small interventions not only only not interventions small numerous involves It calming. traffic the with network, road current of the review engineering traffic the the internal services of a particular area, these measures will also also will measures these area, of a particular services internal the friendly network. The conditions of safe cycling can be ensured with with ensured be can cycling of safe conditions The network. friendly existing network has been deteriorated, there are frequent route frequent are there deteriorated, been has network existing Budapest network and regional bicycle routes, too. In the outer parts of parts outer too. the routes, In bicycle regional and network Budapest one-way streets to two-way cycling, designation of bus and cycling cycling and of bus designation cycling, to two-way streets one-way of opening measures, prioritisation cyclists, by used lights of traffic km-long trips within districts by making the road network abicycle- network road the making by districts within trips km-long will also improve access to regional and tourist attractions for cyclists. attractions tourist and to regional access improve also will redistribution of road surfaces and the introduction of zones with with of zones introduction the and surfaces of road redistribution 1to 5 short, to facilitate primarily is Budapest in network cycling main inconsistent, are network of the maintenance and management bicycles may be stored only at a few, low-capacity points. afew, at only stored low-capacity be may bicycles providing access of intermodal hubs by bicycle). Apart from improving from improving Apart bicycle). by hubs of intermodal access providing surfaces, comfortable creating for cyclists, environment barrier-free lanes, designation of pedestrian and cycling zones, establishment of establishment zones, cycling and of pedestrian designation lanes, review hubs, of transport redesign areas, local in calming traffic limits, 1.2 1.1.8 THROUGH RELIABLE AND SAFE OPERATION AND OPERATION SAFE AND RELIABLE THROUGH AND SERVICE DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE MODERNISATION OF TRANSPORT NETWORKS, AND THE AND NETWORKS, TRANSPORT OF MODERNISATION REDISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC SPACES PUBLIC OF REDISTRIBUTION

LIVEABLE PUBLIC SPACES EXTENSION OF THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT NETWORK NETWORK WATERBORNE THE OF TRANSPORT EXTENSION The quality of the pier infrastructure determines the attractiveness and and attractiveness the determines infrastructure pier of the quality The The lack of public transport in the suburbs increased the negative negative the increased suburbs the in transport of public lack The capacity of the riverboat sector. An adequate pier can support a fast afast support can pier adequate sector. An riverboat of the capacity for cyclists. accessibility the improve also will bicycles, carrying area, improving the conditions of pedestrian access. Tourist attractions Tourist attractions access. of pedestrian conditions the improving area, to support able are that of Budapest boundaries administrative utilisation in concentrated residential areas, traditionally well traditionally areas, residential concentrated in utilisation sections of the River Danube which do not have a World Heritage status. Heritage aWorld have not do which Danube River of the sections services. The Plan includes the development of infrastructure, suitable suitable of infrastructure, development the includes Plan The services. and parks (P+R car options switching mode transport quality and stops to created be must new, routes and related services scheduled served by infrastructure, has deteriorated. A similar process took process Asimilar deteriorated. has infrastructure, by served for river cruise-ships with cabins (supplementary services, connecting connecting services, (supplementary cabins with cruise-ships for river from the development of public transport: the end points of the points end the transport: of public development from the city. the outside and suburbs the in situated of operation for sites Many people moving out of the city have ended up in areas in up ended have city of the out moving people Many exchange of passengers regardless of the water level. On-shore facilities facilities On-shore water level. of the regardless of passengers exchange effects of motorisation in inner areas which otherwise had good had otherwise which areas inner in of motorisation effects on the river Danube should also be made accessible by boat, which which boat, by accessible made be also should Danube river on the insufficiently covered and hard-to-serve by public transport, while while transport, public by hard-to-serve covered and insufficiently Bazaar) should be coordinated with public space developments in the the in developments space public with coordinated be should Bazaar) Garden Castle Square, Lajos Kossuth Square, (Vigadó piers city inner of new site).construction onthe The depending facilities storage B+R the in Vác) and (or even Visegrád Szentendre to reach order in transport public high-capacity connectionswith bicycle the improve New piers must be constructed both within and outside the the outside and within both constructed be must piers New requires better cooperation between commuter and tourist boat boat tourist and commuter between cooperation better requires transport public near locations, accessible easily at positioned be must south. the in Százhalombatta and north services area) boat (metropolitan of regional conditions the meet for suitable vehicles, transport of public introduction The routes. bus parking, well-arranged pedestrian areas) primarily on the central central onthe areas) primarily pedestrian well-arranged parking, bus public transport services. Urban development has been separated separated been has development Urban services. transport public opted enterprises more and more to workplaces: regard with place

51 MORE CONNECTIONS 52 Facilitating walking and cycling should become an integral part of urban mobility mobility of urban part integral an become should cycling and walking Facilitating 1.2.1 1.2.1 DEVELOPING MAJOR PEDESTRIAN CONNECTIONS PEDESTRIAN MAJOR DEVELOPING The redistribution of surfaces used by transport services began in the the in began services transport by used of surfaces redistribution The has trends development from urban gained experience The The first steps of developing a pedestrian system (Váci street, Buda Buda street, (Váci system apedestrian of developing steps first The The promotion of walking has by now been integrated into new into integrated been now by has of walking promotion The Consequently, people travelling from and to the outer areas of the areas outer to the from and travelling people Consequently, Castle and Margaret Island) have made contiguous parts of the city city of the parts contiguous made have Island) Margaret and Castle city centre over the last few years, whereby the area used for motorised for motorised used area the whereby few years, last over the centre city congestion. traffic even despite use car opt for aprivate often city construction of metro line M4 and the Heart of Budapest project, project, of Budapest Heart the and M4 line of metro construction defined with an integrated transport development approach. development transport integrated an with defined developments taking place in the Hungarian capital and has and capital Hungarian the in place taking developments projects. reconstruction space public for further support public gaining transport has been decreasing and the role of public and non-motorised non-motorised and of public role the and decreasing been has transport city functional the reach not do of Budapest, circulation transport main the determines which network, core transport track-bound surfaces were provided extensively throughout the city. the throughout extensively were provided surfaces were reconstructed streets and spaces public city inner several Millennáris Park in Buda, have introduced new architectural quality, quality, architectural new introduced have Buda, in Park Millennáris effectively by increasing road capacity; the solutions need to be need solutions the capacity; road increasing by effectively individual transport (cycling and walking) has been increasing. been has walking) and (cycling transport individual including the Heart of Budapest project and the reconstruction of the of the reconstruction the and project of Budapest Heart the including revealed that the problems of private car use cannot be managed managed be cannot use car of private problems the that revealed nature were also taken into consideration. Barrier-free pedestrian pedestrian Barrier-free consideration. into taken were also nature hospitality and touristic recreational, of the those requirements, borders and there are no adequate mode-switching points either. points mode-switching adequate no are there and borders between 2007 and 2013 where, in addition to the transport transport to the addition 2013 in and where, 2007 between of the framework the Within of planning. aspect ageneral become period, recent of the actions development The pedestrian-friendly. and infrastructure design. infrastructure and EU EU White Paper White (31.)

1.2.2 IMPROVING THE CONDITIONS OF WALKING OF CONDITIONS THE IMPROVING The often 30-40-year-old rundown pedestrian underpasses at underpasses pedestrian rundown 30-40-year-old often The pedestrian new and areas city inner to organise is objective The city road network (Bajcsy-Zsilinszky way and Üllői way). Üllői way and (Bajcsy-Zsilinszky network road city and cycling friendly public spaces into a single network within a within network asingle into spaces public friendly cycling and the surface will reduce forced underpass use. Within the framework framework the use. Within forced underpass reduce will surface the and pedestrian the underpasses, of the function the replace to fully possible not is it although level; surface onthe to along move supposed are Pedestrians reconstructed. be will hubs transport city main the same time the options for safe crossing will be improved. be will crossing for safe options the time same the at while, sections, road of certain effect separating the to reduce of the complex road reconstruction activities, pedestrian movements movements pedestrian activities, reconstruction road complex of the street–Rákóczi Lajos Kossuth the banks, Danube the along options kerbs also at places where there are no designated crossings. These These crossings. designated no are there where places at also kerbs will also be assisted with construction of pavements and submerging submerging and of pavements construction with assisted be also will inner related the and Boulevard) (Grand Nagykörút the way axis, measures and the designation of several pedestrian crossings will help help will crossings pedestrian of several designation the and measures been commenced to identify the pedestrian-friendly development development pedestrian-friendly the to identify commenced been bicycle crossing points to be established above the underpasses on underpasses the above established to be points crossing bicycle liveable urban structure. For this purpose, feasibility studies have studies feasibility purpose, this For structure. urban liveable

53 MORE CONNECTIONS 54 1.2.4 1.2.4 1.2.3 EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIER-FREE ACCESSIBILITY ACCIDENT FREE ‘FORGIVING’ ENVIRONMENT ‘FORGIVING’ FREE ACCIDENT The poor condition of the transport infrastructure and of the and infrastructure transport of the condition poor The As a result of road reconstruction planning with a complex acomplex with planning reconstruction of road aresult As through accessibility barriers, of physical elimination from the Apart Comprehensive equal opportunities-related reviews will be conducted conducted be will reviews opportunities-related equal Comprehensive (stations, stops and terminals). Based on the reviews, accessibility will be be will accessibility reviews, onthe terminals). Based and stops (stations, are reviewed in the vicinity of schools in Budapest each year. each Public Budapest in of schools vicinity the in reviewed are conditions road by caused accidents where Budapest in created and to make it safe: the ‘self-explanatory’ surfaces formed according to according formed surfaces ‘self-explanatory’ safe: to it the make and be can spaces transport “forgiving” human-centred approach, and of visible introduction the and system information passenger audio accessible. to be designed be must vehicles state-of-the-art the as well as Within the category of accident prevention, special attention is paid is attention special prevention, of accident category the Within transportation vehicles also contribute to transport safety. to transport contribute also vehicles transportation on an requirements safety the with comply must vehicles transport signs of traffic condition the and alignment traffic the to children: signs will also be renewed within the framework of the programme. of the framework the within renewed be also will signs improvement from the Apart selection. for as speed such driving safe for required information the convey all automatically category road the transport more difficult while inadequately selected speeds, worn speeds, selected inadequately while difficult more transport physically-impairedthe people, but also those passengers travelling with fails to provide equal opportunities for passengers. Although it is it Although for passengers. opportunities equal to provide fails Poorly aligned road sections make accident free and safe and free accident make sections road aligned Poorly ongoing basis. Stricter technical requirements applied to passenger to passenger applied requirements technical Stricter basis. ongoing and regularly occur accidents severe. Where less are errors of accidents. risk the increase environment” equipment does not only cause problems in daily operation, it also it operation, daily in problems cause only not does equipment of the condition of road surfaces indispensable for safe transport, road road transport, for safe indispensable surfaces of road condition of the on the existing transport surfaces, public transport vehicles and facilities facilities and vehicles transport public surfaces, transport existing on the increasingly, proposals for traffic engineering modifications are modifications engineering for traffic proposals increasingly, of the renewal the as such technology, communications and information implemented in compliance with a phased programme, helping not only only not helping programme, aphased with compliance in implemented In the course of operation, reconstruction and development of road of road development and reconstruction of operation, course the In network of Budapest, the goal is to create clear order in traffic conditions conditions traffic in order clear to create is goal the of Budapest, network vehicle and human by caused accidents and prevented be may of a“forgiving lack the and signs road unclear surfaces, road prepared with the help of targeted road safety audits. safety road of targeted help the with prepared infrastructure reconstructed and new The children. small with and prams prescribed by law, accessibility is by far not sufficient. far not by is law, by accessibility prescribed legible special signage will also contribute to equal opportunities. to equal contribute also will signage special legible 1.2.5 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.6 BUDAPEST (WITHIN THE HUNGÁRIA RING) HUNGÁRIA THE (WITHIN BUDAPEST RESTRICTIONS DIFFERENTIATED DEVELOPMENT OF THE INNER ZONE OF ZONE INNER THE OF DEVELOPMENT DIFFERENTIATED DEVELOPING ZONES WITH TRAFFIC CALMING AND TRAFFIC TRAFFIC AND CALMING TRAFFIC WITH ZONES DEVELOPING The integrated development of the road network can lead to the lead can network road of the development integrated The system road “self-explanatory” of the development consistent The Zones with reduced speed limits are being designated and the elements elements the and designated being are limits speed reduced with Zones (reduction of superfluous, excessive capacities, construction of construction capacities, excessive of superfluous, (reduction certain critical sections (for instance no transit passenger traffic traffic passenger transit no (for instance sections critical certain calming, problem-free traffic management and by the reduction reduction the by and management traffic problem-free calming, regulation- traffic by network balanced and aproportionate create selection the in motorists assist will safety) traffic increasing components zone. urban inner the in network road of the components and cyclists in residential areas. The system extends to all locally important important locally to all extends system The areas. residential in cyclists and differentiated according to environmental characteristics-traffic characteristics-traffic to environmental according differentiated or possible. allowed are speeds high where areas populated densely should enter parts of the city within the Nagykörút). Active modes modes Active Nagykörút). the within city of the parts enter should elimination of territorial disparities, can ease the central focus and can and focus central the ease can disparities, of territorial elimination of a liveable city are provided more room in the city centre. city the in room more provided are city of aliveable –characteristic transport public and walking –cycling, of transport of congestion. The conditions of reducing transit traffic must be must traffic transit of reducing conditions The of congestion. in left sections road urban no be should There speeds. of adequate to order in accordingly reconstructed are network road public of the reduce the speed of road traffic and to increase the safety of pedestrians of pedestrians safety the to increase and traffic of road speed the reduce put in place in the inner zone, even by applying a total ban on ban atotal applying zone, even by inner the in place in put

55 MORE CONNECTIONS 56 1.3 1.2.7 1.2.7 SWITCHES AS WELL AS OF TOURISM-ORIENTED CONNECTIONS CONNECTIONS TOURISM-ORIENTED OF AS WELL AS SWITCHES OF DEVELOPMENT BY PASSENGER-CENTRED SYSTEMS, INTEROPERABLE OF ESTABLISHMENT BY THE POINTS, SWITCHING MODE-SWITCHING POINTS INTERMODAL CONNECTIONS AND BY IMPROVEMENT OF MODE MODE OF BY IMPROVEMENT AND CONNECTIONS INTERMODAL MODE- CONVENIENT WITH NETWORKS TRANSPORT INTEGRATED INTEROPERABLE SYSTEMS AND CONVENIENT CONVENIENT SYSTEMS AND INTEROPERABLE LIFE AND PROPERTY SECURITY, CRIME PREVENTION CRIME SECURITY, PROPERTY AND LIFE The everyday mobility needs of a city are satisfied with the subsequent subsequent the with satisfied are of a city needs mobility everyday The The security-system recordings will be stored in a manner and for and amanner in stored be will recordings security-system The A liveable city is also safe, and therefore surveillance and security security and surveillance therefore safe, and also is city A liveable Vehicles should not be stored in public areas but in underground underground in but areas public in stored be not should Vehicles cyclists, bus-, car- or taxi-users; each traveller combines those those combines traveller each bus-, car- ortaxi-users; cyclists, availability of advanced, fast and safe mode-switching points. In the the In points. mode-switching safe and fast of advanced, availability camera system. Cameras will be installed at stops on busy on busy stops at installed be will Cameras system. camera and conditional control, yet preventing abuse. yet preventing control, conditional and also be installed at the docking stations of the public bike-sharing bike-sharing public of the stations docking the at installed be also use of various transport modes and vehicles, by forming a so-called aso-called forming by vehicles, and modes transport of various use to destination. Passenger comfort demands fewer transfers and the the and fewer transfers demands comfort Passenger to destination. transport asingle only use not do of people majority The chain. travel garages, multi-storey car parks and in existing private car parks, parks, car private existing in and parks car multi-storey garages, the period specified by law, thus ensuring access as well as justified justified as well as access law, by ensuring thus specified period the system and advanced safety protection will be applied at new at applied be will protection safety advanced and system will Cameras cameras. security with equipped be will stops surface effective an with equipped are fleet of Budapest vehicle transport Budapest. in points mode-switching transport at and vehicles onboard introduced gradually be will systems thus freeing further space. further freeing thus Public car-parking capacities for destination traffic must be must traffic for destination capacities car-parking Public In order to ensure the safety of passengers, the new vehicles vehicles new the of passengers, safety the to ensure order In modes, optimising his/her trip in space and in time from departure from departure time in and space in trip his/her optimising modes, pedestrians, exclusively are who passengers no are there mode: reduced in the inner areas, introducing short-term public parking, parking, public short-term introducing areas, inner the in reduced reconstruction, lifts operating between underpasses and the the and underpasses between operating lifts reconstruction, the during 3, where 1and ontramlines as such sections, route past, traffic planning did not take those criteria into account. into criteria those take not did planning traffic past, priced and regulated according to the actual demand and supply. and demand actual to the according regulated and priced public transport customer centres. customer transport public of public development of the framework the within purchased

1.3.1 SUBURBAN RAIL NETWORK RAIL SUBURBAN

INTEROPERABLE TRACK-BOUND SYSTEMS; URBAN AND AND URBAN SYSTEMS; TRACK-BOUND INTEROPERABLE The state railway lines crossing and often separating the Capital must have have must Capital the separating often and crossing lines railway state The Adding more stations to the railway network may cause a conflict on the onthe aconflict cause may network railway to the stations more Adding Gödöllő (there are several possibilities available by coordinating existing existing coordinating by available possibilities several are (there Gödöllő Our suburban railway network has very few features of an advanced of advanced few an features very has network railway suburban Our an interoperable system; thus the vehicle and not the passengers passengers the not and vehicle the thus system; interoperable an could also become necessary to provide for suitable interchangeability. for suitable to provide necessary become also could current infrastructure due to mixed traffic; therefore, the track capacity capacity track the therefore, traffic; to mixed due infrastructure current Kispest station in Dél-Pest. In case of the multiple units that have become become have that units multiple of the case In Dél-Pest. in station Kispest the between traffic the in and city the within role greater a significantly at a good pace and the tariffs are also partly consistent within Budapest, Budapest, within consistent partly also are tariffs the and pace agood at structural axes with permanently large passenger flows. passenger large permanently with axes structural directions), in the Soroksári way area (between parallel directions), and in in and directions), parallel (between way area Soroksári the in directions), the future, by metro line M3), at Lőportárdűlő by tram line 1, and at the the at and 1, line tram by Lőportárdűlő at M3), line metro by future, the perpendicular (between Aquincum at others among network, railway the suburban the how examine we will of transfers, number the to reduce order In city. of the demand traffic the to meet adjusted to be need stations transport connections also require improvement; new stops and new new and stops new improvement; require also connections transport by and transportation for passenger lines railway transversal the using by services, additional to provide system station terminal current the restructuring by enhanced be must network railway the of interoperability internal the development: further needs system the was timetable aphased years recent the in Although terminology). German to the according (“S-Bahn” system railway rapid suburban of transfers and travel time making travel more convenient. Fully Fully convenient. more travel making time travel and of transfers in result separately, will operated currently tracks, rail various of the interoperable transport modes will be developed along major urban urban major along developed be will modes transport interoperable of the railway lines are required to be modified, but also the design of the of the design the also but modified, to be required are lines railway of the or better organised transfer connections need to be introduced. to be need connections transfer organised or better integrated interoperable cooperation. In the present situation, there are are there situation, present the In cooperation. interoperable integrated introducing more and more services without any transfers. The urban urban The transfers. any without services more and more introducing progressing also is fleet of the modernisation the lines, on all introduced In order to ensure interoperability and smooth trips, the combination combination the trips, smooth and interoperability to ensure order In will “transfer” from one line to another. This can reduce the number number the reduce can to another. This line from one “transfer” will with state railways as well as we will examine the opportunities for future for future opportunities the examine we will as well as railways state with railway network are available for example in Káposztásmegyer (and, in (and, in Káposztásmegyer in for example available are network railway (metro) railways and rapid urban the with integrated be can lines railway parameters traffic the only not to which city, due the and area metropolitan parallel capacities). Possibilities for transfers between tram lines and the the and lines tram between for transfers Possibilities capacities). parallel and lines railway suburban the between transfers for direct possibilities predominant in suburban railway traffic, the purchasing of electric vehicles vehicles of electric purchasing the traffic, railway suburban in predominant

57 MORE CONNECTIONS 58 of transport should facilitate multimodal travel. An appropriate set of passengers’ of passengers’ set appropriate An travel. multimodal facilitate should of transport Better modal choices will result from greater integration of the modal networks: networks: modal of the integration greater from result will choices modal Better information and electronic booking and payment systems integrating all means means all integrating systems payment and booking electronic and information and transformed into multimodal connection platforms for passengers. Online Online for passengers. platforms connection multimodal into transformed and airports, ports, railway, metro and bus stations should increasingly be linked linked be increasingly should stations bus and railway, metro ports, airports, 1.3.2 RAILWAY NETWORK AND THE URBAN TRACK-BOUND NETWORK TRACK-BOUND URBAN THE AND RAILWAY NETWORK rights has to accompany the wider use of collective modes. of collective use wider the to accompany has rights IMPROVING CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE SUBURBAN SUBURBAN THE BETWEEN CONNECTIONS IMPROVING capacity, and access and other infrastructure need to be created by by created to be need infrastructure other and access and capacity, connections are required at the intersections of the suburban railways railways suburban of the intersections the at required are connections track-bound urban the and railway suburban the between cooperation urban area, and new diametric connections should be established that that established be should connections diametric new and area, urban the current 20-30 minute-long or even longer headways. The capacity capacity The headways. oreven longer minute-long 20-30 current the peak in services between headways time 10-15 minute- desirable the permit developments The tracks. fourth and of third construction the systems. As in Budapest the track-bound transport system was built wasbuilt system transport track-bound the Budapest in As systems. exist only at some major transport hubs, the integration of the railways railways of the integration the hubs, transport major some at only exist of the terminal stations should be extended and reintegrated into the the into reintegrated and extended be should stations terminal of the independently from the railway network and currently connections connections currently and network railway from the independently Improving the network of transfer connections is the key to the key to the the is connections of transfer network the Improving with urban transport and the simultaneous easement of urban traffic traffic of urban easement simultaneous the and transport urban with must be extended, traffic organising must be modernised to increase to increase modernised be must organising traffic extended, be must require the introduction of new transfer connections. These new new These connections. transfer of new introduction the require bypass them and require no transfers. no require and them bypass periods (even shorter headways on the merged sections), instead of instead sections), merged onthe headways (even shorter periods EU EU White Paper (23.) Paper White 1.3.3 OF THE NATIONAL ROAD NETWORK INTO THE ROAD NETWORK OF ROAD NETWORK THE INTO ROAD NETWORK NATIONAL THE OF BUDAPEST

INTEGRATION OF THE CITY ACCESS AND BYPASS SECTIONS BYPASS AND ACCESS SECTIONS CITY THE OF INTEGRATION Thus, there are innumerable possibilities in the present network network present the in possibilities innumerable are there Thus, The purpose of the developments is to facilitate reasonable and reasonable to facilitate is developments of the purpose The from various Centre to the leading of roads capacity traffic radial The Apart from the Hungária ring, the primary objective of the road of the objective primary the ring, Hungária from the Apart Such sections include the northwest section of the M0 motorway, M0 of the section northwest the include sections Such and the trunk lines of the urban track-bound network (primarily the the (primarily network track-bound urban of the lines trunk the and and the surrounding settlements, has been commenced. been has settlements, surrounding the and development of the track-bound network components. network track-bound of the development geographically better balanced traffic on the road network, to network, road on the traffic balanced better geographically in point no is there and increased further be shouldn’t directions of the connections missing the to put is measures development the technological developments, utilizing expanding capacities (the (the capacities expanding utilizing developments, technological the the road connecting the Southeast Pest districts, the Csepel trunk Csepel the districts, Pest Southeast the connecting road the ring, Körvasút the the 10, No. road of main section Budapest the to and zone transitional the in potential development to create Budapest between earlier planned connections, of radial system connections. better to enable cases certain in necessary also is stops the is This parties. involved of all consent the with established to be approach integrated afully taking by developed, to be has transport factors. On one hand, in case of railway network stations: in line with with line in stations: network of railway case in hand, one On factors. of two case the in required is approach anovel process, this Regarding passed have that decades After connections. new for developing ease traffic on the congested main routes crossing district centres. district crossing routes main congested onthe traffic ease or are in progress in the direction of a comprehensive S-Bahn model. model. S-Bahn of acomprehensive direction the in progress in or are of car traffic through the development of public transport options. options. transport of public development the through traffic of car Liszt Ferenc International Airport and Nagy Lajos király way. király Lajos Nagy and Airport International Ferenc Liszt have points transfer and stops those specific more to be account, into without any changes, the first positive steps have already been taken taken been already have steps positive first the changes, any without while on the other hand: it is of paramount importance that urban urban that importance of paramount is it hand: other onthe while may be implemented in phases, together with the next scheduled scheduled next the with together phases, in implemented be may hubs new The tramlines). major the secondarily, and, lines metro road, the Budapest section of main road No. 31, the access road to road access 31, No. road the of main section Budapest the road, roads, service and from residential traffic unnecessary any remove arelief to provide and centres district congested to bypass required are connections These place. in system network road ring-radial and networks of existing orrelocation why, modification reason the increased, to be have of stops number the headways), frequent more possibility to provide more stops without increases in travel time, and and time, travel in increases without stops more to provide possibility letting traffic beyond mode-switching points. A review of the of the A review points. mode-switching beyond traffic letting

59 MORE CONNECTIONS 60 1.3.4 1.3.6 1.3.5 INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC REGIONAL PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC REGIONAL

IMPROVING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF BUDAPEST LISZT FERENC FERENC LISZT BUDAPEST OF ACCESSIBILITY THE IMPROVING INTEGRATION OF RIVERBOAT SERVICES INTO URBAN AND AND URBAN INTO RIVERBOAT OF SERVICES INTEGRATION FACILITATING THE URBAN INTEGRATION OF LONG-DISTANCE The urban side of the Danube bank must be made more easily easily more made be must bank Danube of the side urban The The Danube as a transport corridor across Budapest was practically not not practically was Budapest across corridor atransport as Danube The Airport, it would not have been economical to build a dedicated track- adedicated to build economical been have not would it Airport, Considering the passenger traffic of Budapest Liszt Ferenc International International Ferenc Liszt of Budapest traffic passenger the Considering connections. Urban integration will also be enhanced by making making by enhanced be also will integration Urban connections. accessible and ports need to be connected to the public transport transport public to the connected to be need ports and accessible we get system, information passenger complex and comprehensive are required. If the system of terminal stations is maintained over maintained is stations of terminal system the If required. are fewer transfers and system efficient and integrated more a much unused. Similarly to other riverside metropolises, scheduled waterborne waterborne scheduled metropolises, riverside to other Similarly unused. and tourist event, only years, twenty last the Over for decades. utilised urban transport connections at the stations as well as accurate, as well as stations the at connections transport urban direct connections to areas with poor transport coverage. transport poor with to areas connections direct to access the airport. The regular services of Ferihegy railway station, station, railway of Ferihegy services regular The airport. the to access the Danube Bend. However, this transport option should not be left left be not should option However, transport Bend. this Danube the the range of available public transport services only if they provide new new provide they if only services transport public of available range the widen will services boat transport public too. area, The surrounding the city centre and on the embankments can be mitigated, and by and mitigated, be can embankments onthe and centre city the the long term, the transfers between various long-distance services services long-distance various between transfers the term, long the event boat services operating from Budapest towards Szentendre and and Szentendre towards from Budapest operating services boat event e.g., at the airport, before reaching the terminus. the reaching before airport, e.g., the at opt for public transport, walking, orcycling. walking, transport, opt for public Long-distance boat transport is still limited to seasonal tourist and and tourist to seasonal limited still is transport boat Long-distance By minimising walking distances and level differences at the transfer transfer the at differences level and distances walking minimising By improving connections to the ports, citizens can be encouraged to encouraged be can citizens ports, to the connections improving hubs of the long-distance rail and bus networks, by providing providing by networks, bus and rail long-distance of the hubs railway (airport shuttle) or railway side track to Terminal 2. Accessibility to Terminal Accessibility 2. track side orrailway shuttle) (airport railway network. By increasing the role of boat transport, road traffic in traffic road transport, of boat role the increasing By network. bound urban connection. It is practical to use the existing railway network network railway existing the to use practical is It connection. urban bound may be assisted by providing high-capacity, track-bound, direct direct track-bound, high-capacity, providing by assisted be may public transport services need to be developed in Budapest and its its and Budapest in developed to be need services transport public located at Terminal 1, is solved, while it is possible to build an airport airport an to build possible is it while solved, Terminal at is 1, located leisure boats were involved in passenger boat transport in Budapest. Budapest. in transport boat passenger in were involved boats leisure long-distance trains stop at one or two busy urban railway stations, stations, railway urban busy ortwo one at stop trains long-distance 1.3.8 1.3.7 TOURISM CONNECTIONS CENTRES AND THEIR CONNECTIONS AND THEIR CENTRES

DEVELOPMENT OF LOGISTICS CENTRES, CONSOLIDATION CENTRES, OF LOGISTICS DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL AND REGIONAL CYCLING CYCLING REGIONAL AND NATIONAL OF DEVELOPMENT At busy public transport hubs, in P+R car parks, the services of goods services the parks, P+R in car hubs, transport public At busy Additionally, it is also necessary to develop more, smaller transhipment transhipment more, smaller to develop necessary also is it Additionally, zones, road sections, and pedestrian zones with the use of small, use the with zones pedestrian and sections, road zones, Cycling has an increasing share in the tourism-generated traffic of traffic tourism-generated the in share increasing an has Cycling (railway, waterborne transport, electric-powered, and freight bicycles) bicycles) freight and electric-powered, (railway, transport, waterborne centres) (goods points receipt package unified lockers). consolidation with cooperation (in developing by expanded be can line. railway Cegléd to the linked a track is solution optimal The country. could provide for "last mile" and "last metre" shipments to protected to protected metre" shipments mile" "last and for "last provide could connections. national and of regional consideration areas and provides attractive urban development options. development urban attractive provides and areas delivery companies can be simplified and public transport services services transport public and simplified be can companies delivery substantial freight traffic on the European transport corridor on the onthe corridor transport European onthe traffic freight substantial several modes of transportation (air, the water, with of road) transportation and rail modes several to drive up and down the expressway, preserving the original function function original the expressway, preserving the down and up to drive Railway services to Ferihegy Airport are only effective if the station is is station the if effective only are Airport to Ferihegy services Railway facilities (consolidation centres) within the city's inner zone, which zone, which inner city's the centres) within (consolidation facilities expanded along the city boundary of Budapest and Érd. Érd. and of Budapest boundary city the along expanded entire from the accessibility to provide is link airport of the essence environmentally friendly (zero emissions) vehicles. In order to mitigate to mitigate order In vehicles. emissions) (zero friendly environmentally aspect important An traffic. considerable yet attract environment, of Budapest but at the intersection of high capacity networks of networks capacity of high intersection the at but of Budapest vicinity the in only not them to position is establishment of their of the road leading to Ferihegy Airport , yet a safer urban main road road main urban ,yet asafer Airport to Ferihegy leading road of the the by road, Gyömrői bordering the and expressway Ferihegy the of reconstruction joint the by onroad increased be may Airport of the Budapest, too: more and more people plan one-day excursions near near excursions one-day plan people too: more and more Budapest, The systems. transport or suburban distance long the into integrated Logistics centres host economic activities that have less burden on burden less have that activities economic host centres Logistics ae o e evd Crety Saakkt i Cee i ivle in involved is Csepel in Szabadkikötő Currently, served. be to have stores and terminals new of which basis onthe prioritised, to be have with higher capacity can be created that also serves the adjacent urban urban adjacent the serves also that created be can capacity higher with reconstruction of the junctions and by offering frequent opportunities opportunities frequent offering by and junctions of the reconstruction river Danube; therefore the transport of goods by ships has to be to be has ships by of goods transport the therefore Danube; river burden on the environment, environmentally friendly transport modes modes transport friendly environmentally environment, onthe burden

61 MORE CONNECTIONS 62 1.3.9 PASSENGER TRANSPORT

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERMODAL CENTRES AND HUBS IN HUBS AND CENTRES INTERMODAL OF DEVELOPMENT The Budapest sections of the national cycling tourist core network core network tourist cycling national of the sections Budapest The Technology Development Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). Programme Framework Seventh Development Technology Changes (transfers) cannot be fully eliminated from the urban transport transport urban from the eliminated fully be cannot (transfers) Changes (the “Rivers Route” cycling route along the Danube, The Budapest– The Danube, the along route Route” cycling “Rivers (the and therefore their green space potential cannot be utilised. be cannot potential space green their therefore and consistent principles required for their development and operation operation and development for their required principles consistent area, to create more liveable and loveable urban spaces for both local local for both spaces urban loveable and liveable more to create area, development is to build intermodal hubs and renew their surrounding surrounding their renew and hubs intermodal to build is development of the strips the and branch Danube Ráckeve the along and section number the and tourists by traffic weekend furthermore homes their transport as well, the non-individual motorised transport modes can can modes transport motorised non-individual the well, as transport should be identified on the basis of the results of the “NODES” “NODES” of the results of the basis onthe identified be should The modes. transport of existent number the and functions sizes, East Hungary cycling tracks, built as a priority government project) are are project) government apriority as built tracks, cycling Hungary East of non-Hungarian cycling tourists are also clearly rising. clearly also are tourists cycling of non-Hungarian integrated into the urban network. urban the into integrated of route the Eurovelo of the sections Budapest the and route Balaton Danube region because the islands along the North Budapest Danube Danube Budapest North the along islands the because region Danube Further pedestrian and cycling connections are needed along the the along needed are connections cycling and pedestrian Further network. By developing intermodal centres and hubs that facilitate facilitate that hubs and centres intermodal developing By network. research-and-development project, supported by the EU Research and and Research EU the by supported project, research-and-development locations, to their according vary hubs Intermodal visitors. and residents bank, still in their near original natural condition, are not easily accessible accessible easily not are condition, natural original near their in still bank, be made more comfortable. One of the main objectives of urban of urban objectives main of the One comfortable. more made be than other functions perform and switches mode friendly passenger 1.3.10 TRANSPORT MODES TRANSPORT CONSTRUCTION OF SHARED PUBLIC TRANSPORT LANES TRANSPORT OF PUBLIC SHARED CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION OF STATIONSCONSTRUCTION PLATFORMS WITH JOINT SHORT-TERM PARKING FACILITIES (K+R) FACILITIES SHORT-TERM PARKING

PROVIDING THE CONDITIONS FOR SWITCHING URBAN URBAN SWITCHING FOR CONDITIONS THE PROVIDING Adequate transport organising can ensure that passengers lose the the lose passengers that ensure can organising transport Adequate Shared public transport corridors used by trams, buses and trolleybuses trolleybuses and buses trams, by used corridors transport public Shared Short-term parking facilities (Kiss and Ride) will be established at established be will Ride) and (Kiss facilities parking Short-term (metro, suburban railways, trams). The main purpose of the MOL of the purpose main trams). railways, The (metro, suburban common implementation of priority traffic arrangements. In addition, addition, In arrangements. traffic of priority implementation common along route sections will facilitate transfers on a shared platform and the the and platform onashared transfers facilitate will sections route along Wherever traffic and the cross section of roads permit, shared bus-cycle bus-cycle shared permit, of roads section cross the and traffic Wherever While developing the network, the reduction of the number of number of the reduction the network, the developing While they will also reduce the road usage demand of public transport. transport. of public demand usage road the reduce also will they and accessibility (barrier-free significantly alleviated be may transfers of disadvantages the which by traffic, and organisation network the to related measures further to define able be we will hubs, transfer and non-motorised) and (motorised individual between switches the reasonable cooperation between the various means of transport. of transport. means various the between cooperation reasonable the be should transfers but principle, important an is atrip in transfers facilities.. storage and racks of bicycle installation the through comfortable more become will cycling urban Thus trips. short the intersections of public transport trunk lines and main traffic traffic main and lines trunk transport of public intersections the Parallel with the reconstruction and development of the track- of the development and reconstruction the with Parallel expected even in a well-optimised public transport system owing to owing system transport public awell-optimised even in expected B+R storage facilities enabling convenient, safe and predictable predictable and safe convenient, enabling facilities storage B+R in the Centre, to provide easier access to the inner city and to facilitate to facilitate and city inner to the access easier to provide Centre, the in congestion traffic the to mitigate is system bike-sharing public Bubi In order to reduce the losses in space caused by transfers, stations stations transfers, by caused space in losses the to reduce order In with joint platforms will be built. Following a complex overview of overview acomplex Following built. be will platforms joint with routes of the road network to facilitate transfers from cars or from cars transfers to facilitate network road of the routes bound network in Budapest, the construction of P+R car parks and of parks P+R car construction the Budapest, in network bound passenger comfort are always basic requirements in planning). in requirements basic always are comfort passenger lines transport public track-bound capacity high the along primarily city, of the districts outer the in continue will modes transport public private coaches to other vehicles. to other coaches private least amount in space, time, expenses and comfort through transfers. transfers. through comfort and expenses time, space, in amount least lanes will also be established as part of the cycling infrastructure. cycling of the part as established be also will lanes

63 MORE CONNECTIONS 64 1.3.11 FACILITIES

THE DEVELOPMENT OF P+R CAR PARKS AND B+R STORAGE STORAGE B+R PARKS AND P+R CAR OF DEVELOPMENT THE These stops are similar to public transport stops and may be may and stops transport to public similar are stops These A twofold P+R strategy is worthwhile to be defined for traffic from for traffic defined to be worthwhile is P+R strategy A twofold 9,000 car parks are available within the city, and the number of P+R number the city, and the within available are parks car 9,000 creating a liveable urban environment requires traffic calming calming traffic requires environment urban aliveable creating car parks is close to 30,000 when combined with the agglomerations. the with combined when to 30,000 close is parks car the with use car of private flexibility and comfort the combine and private car traffic in the inner zones be mitigated and the the and mitigated be zones inner the in traffic car private and as close as possible to where it originates. The system of small, system The originates. it to where possible as close as collected be should traffic initial First, city. to the agglomerations use public transport surface stops for this purpose - the current -the purpose for this stops surface transport public use situation does not comply with the regulations, is disturbing, and disturbing, is regulations, the with comply not does situation not will passengers Thus points. drop-off and boarding as served decentralized P+R car parks serves this purpose, in the framework the in purpose, this serves parks P+R car decentralized suburban railway stations. However, a part of traffic cannot be cannot However, of traffic apart stations. railway suburban demands. the meet not do numbers These stations. railway suburban to were linked which agglomerations, the in was3,800 number same economical and space-saving operations of track-bound vehicles. of track-bound operations space-saving and economical is also accident-prone at the same time. same the at accident-prone also is of which P+R car parks have to be developed at agglomeration agglomeration at developed to be have parks P+R car of which to is P+R system of the essence the or disadvantageous: In line with European development directives, the need for need the directives, development European with line In In Western European cities of similar size (Vienna, Munich), about about Munich), (Vienna, size of similar cities European Western In this Budapest; in were available parks P+R 2014, car In of atotal 3,900 world) is to promote combined transport modes and to connect to connect and modes transport to combined promote is world) neither of the above transport modes are solely advantageous advantageous solely are modes transport above of the neither over the all well worked has (which goal this to reach means possible of the One increased. be transport of public ratio private and public transport effectively, since in themselves, themselves, in since effectively, transport public and private The success of P+R car parks thus depends on two main factors: main ontwo depends thus of parks P+R car success The time save they if appealing become modes transport combined The close to their homes as possible. as homes to their close construction of P+R car parks in Budapest will take place in several in place take will Budapest in of parks P+R car construction lines, railway (high-speed) of suburban stations the is parks car agglomeration developments, the number of P+R car park spaces of park P+R car number the developments, agglomeration The roads. main the possible, as bypassing, use car private after onahigh operating to be have services transport public and construct large capacity car parks near the city boundaries, at the the at boundaries, city the near parks car capacity large construct applications required for commuters’ daily needs. Travel needs. time daily for commuters’ required applications urban location," equipped with the services and commercial commercial and services the with location," equipped urban quality of the track-bound transport, the more appealing it appealing more the transport, track-bound of the quality the better the other: each strengthen pillars two These quality. the high-speed rail network to be developed. The long term plans term long The developed. to be network rail high-speed the along term, long the in while network; rail high-speed existent the along built be will parks P+R car mid-term, and short the In stages. destination: the city centre; in addition, it should also be a "good a"good be also should it centre; addition, in city the destination: transport modes, since it enhances their comfort and save their time. their save and comfort their enhances it since modes, transport it addition, use. In car private by spent costs and time travel to the to practical is it therefore transport, over to public switched facilities are connection points where passengers can use track- use can passengers where points connection are facilities level acceptable an at costs, in increase an without for passengers edge of the congestion zone, along the track-bound transport transport track-bound the zone, along congestion of the edge Budapest from their own cars to track-bound public transport as transport public to track-bound cars own from their Budapest over the 10,000 reach may Budapest surrounding area the in of the aresult As spaces. park car 20,000 approximately include is to private car users. Thus, the ideal location for creating P+R for creating location ideal the Thus, users. car to private is of comfort. The ideal locations for P+R car parks and B+R storage storage B+R and parks for P+R car locations ideal The of comfort. is advantageous if passengers can make errands while switching switching while errands make can passengers if advantageous is compared less to be have costs and times waiting average including For the success of P+R and B+R systems, car park, bicycle storage, bicycle park, car systems, of B+R P+R and success the For where transfer times are as short as possible, and can be done done be can and possible, as short as are times transfer where network (primarily along the access motorways leading to the city). to the leading motorways access the along (primarily network bound transport modes to directly access the typical commuter typical the access to directly modes transport bound long term. A primary priority is to transfer passengers arriving in arriving passengers to transfer is priority Aprimary term. long | | – – • •

The public transport modes have to have high-capacity, be high-capacity, to have have modes transport public The onthe zone congestion the outside to be has park car The tracks (BRT) are able to meet these conditions. these to meet able are (BRT) tracks time delays. ro, suburban railway) or express buses running on segregated onsegregated running buses orexpress railway) ro, suburban (met vehicles track-bound Generally, frequent. be and reliable, to significant leads it otherwise Budapest, serving routes radial -

65 MORE CONNECTIONS ATTRACTIVE

66 VEHICLES 2 THROUGH A COMFORTABLE AND PASSENGER FRIENDLY VEHICLE FLEET AND THE DISSEMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGIES

ATTRACTIVE VEHICLE INDICATOR

25YEARS 15YEARS

2014 2030

BY 2030, THE AVERAGE AGE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLES SHOULD BE MAXIMUM 15 YEARS IN PROPORTION TO CAPACITIES The purpose of developing the public transport vehicle fleet in Budapest is is to put a comfortable, low-floor, energy-efficient and environmentally to make public transport an attractive option to travellers. There is a need friendly vehicle fleet, consisting of advanced and reliable types, into service. for aesthetic vehicles that are in a good condition and provide high quality The replacement of the more than 40-year-old cars of metro lines M1 and services and further improvement is also required in accessibility. M3 and those of the suburban trains is yet another urgent task. VEHICLES ATTRACTIVE The main objective of our work is to reduce environment-related burden The modernisation of the fleet and the maintenance services of caused by the transport system. On one hand, the new vehicles will also waterborne transport is also an important aspect of public transport, and 68 be fuel efficient and less polluting, on the other hand, as they offer an the procurement of new boats can no longer be postponed either. The 69 attractive alternative, the ratio of the use of public transport compared to average age of the boats used in public services and long-distance public individual transport modes will increase, thus the indirect effect of vehicle boat services is 30 years. They are not suitable for providing high-quality improvements will also be a cleaner and more liveable environment. urban transport service in terms of operational dynamics or accessibility. Due to their technical handicaps, none of the types is suitable for suburban 2.1 COMFORTABLE AND PASSENGER FRIENDLY VEHICLES passenger boat service, used for commuting to work.

THROUGH THE RENEWAL OF THE VEHICLE FLEET ACCORDING TO ENERGY There is a need for a good quality fleet of boats that are flexibly adaptable EFFICIENCY AND ACCESSIBILITY AND RELIABLE MAINTENANCE to weather conditions and water flows, are suitable for higher speed, fast mooring and manoeuvring, are driven with an advanced mechanism, While the expectations of passengers were increasing gradually, the sustainable for decades and provide a degree of comfort, which is development of the vehicles of the Budapest public transport system generally expected in public transport in order to sufficiently improve the lagged behind over the last few decades. Only part of the 20-30 year- performing capacity of that transport sector. Urban and suburban services old vehicles, still in adequate technical condition, went through aesthetic demand different types of boats. The maintenance of more advanced refurbishment. The situation may be improved by purchasing new and boats requires significantly higher quality of operation, and therefore the second-hand vehicles that are in a good condition and by refurbishing the maintenance facilities also need to be developed. vehicles which continue to be in service. The measures will also improve accessibility, the reliability of services and the ratio of barrier-free vehicles. 2020 2.1.1 MODERNISATION OF THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLE FLEET AND ITS MAINTENANCE CAPACITIES

In order to catch up with the technical backlog of the last few decades, a continuous vehicle procurement and vehicle fleet reconstruction 100% programme will be developed, in which barrier-free accessibility will play an important role.

In the bus sector, new vehicles will be purchased and, at the same time, high-quality services will be provided by subcontractors based on contracts granted on the basis of competitive tenders issued for the participants in 50% the operators’ market. To provide more effective operation and procure further vehicles and services, the objective is to select more homogeneous types The low-floor design is a key requirement for any new vehicles to be 33% put into circulation.

The procurement and the measures of track-bound public transport services are defined in the vehicle strategy prepared by the Budapest RATIO OF SERVICES PROVIDED WITH ACCESSIBLE VEHICLES Municipality for the period of 2013 - 2027. The purpose of this strategy IN THE TRANSPORT NETWORK OF BUDAPEST (2020) 70 2.1.2

ACCESSIBLE VEHICLES 100%, as a consequence of which the mobility of physically-impaired of physically-impaired mobility the of which aconsequence as 100%, There are still few advanced and accessible vehicles in the bus network network bus the in vehicles accessible and few advanced still are There providing in step important an is infrastructure of the development The certain groups of society. As a result of vehicle development, the number number the development, of vehicle aresult As of society. groups certain alternative to people with disabilities and public transport will be an easier, an be will transport public and disabilities with to people alternative Owing opportunities. for equal conditions technical the create will and use public transport services (the elderly, parents with children and prams). and children with parents elderly, (the services transport public use development of the vehicle fleet will make transport more human-focused human-focused more transport make will fleet vehicle of the development safer and more attractive option also for groups with limited capacity to capacity limited with for groups also option attractive more and safer a real become will services transport public vehicles, accessible to the network. the gravest the is problem this addition, In accessible. not is system transport equal opportunities in access to transport, too, furthermore the the too, furthermore to transport, access in opportunities equal of low-floor buses will increase, according to our plans will soon reach soon will plans to our according increase, will buses of low-floor for accessibility the and of trips comfort the reduces which of Budapest, of backbone form the which tramlines, and metro high-capacity on the Due to the poor vehicle fleet and infrastructure, the majority of the majority the infrastructure, and fleet vehicle poor to the Due people may be improved. be may people TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS THAT SUPPORT THE CLIMATE POLICY CLIMATE THE THAT SUPPORT SOLUTIONS TECHNOLOGY VEHICLE OF DISSEMINATION THE OF ENCOURAGEMENT THE THROUGH 2.2 CARRYING BICYCLESCARRYING 2.1.3 2.1.4

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGIES CONDITIONS OF OPERATION OF THE VEHICLES, DEPOT DEVELOPMENTS DEPOT VEHICLES, THE OF OPERATION OF CONDITIONS INCREASING PUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLES SUITABLE FOR FOR SUITABLE VEHICLES TRANSPORT PUBLIC INCREASING The operation of vehicles with higher technical standards and the modernisation modernisation the and standards technical higher with of vehicles operation The A main objective of the European Union is to reduce by 2030 the emission of emission the 2030 by to reduce is Union European of the objective A main (cogwheel and suburban train carriages) providing bicycle-carrying capacity and and capacity bicycle-carrying providing carriages) train suburban and (cogwheel and in traffic control will have a key role in this aspect. An improvement An aspect. this in akey role have will control traffic in and transport. In relation to the network enlargement projects, we shall review the the review we shall projects, enlargement network to the relation In transport. transportation of bicycles will be made possible on suitable vehicles in less busy busy less in vehicles onsuitable possible made be will of bicycles transportation combined of bicycles transportation for the conditions to put is objective term longer- The of cycling. attraction and safety, reliability the enhance and traffic, sustainably produced fuels and propulsion systems will reduce the harmful harmful the reduce will systems propulsion and fuels produced sustainably level the 20% below approximately by gases greenhouse transport-related for the establishment of new depots in line with urban planning. urban with line in depots of new establishment for the Enhancing the opportunities of transporting bicycles will extend the effective effective the extend will bicycles of transporting opportunities the Enhancing emission of transport. emission of depots are also parts of the development of the vehicles and assets used in used assets and vehicles of the development of the parts also are of depots of the system. Besides the gradual refurbishment of the existing vehicle fleet fleet vehicle existing of the refurbishment gradual the Besides system. of the in the energy efficiency of vehicles, the support of the introduction of introduction of the support the of vehicles, efficiency energy the in Innovative, environmentally friendly development is encouraged in both in encouraged is development friendly environmentally Innovative, with reliable public transport in place. As the first step in that process, the the process, that in step first the As place. in transport public reliable with when any new bus, tram, trolleybus or metro is procured. is ormetro trolleybus tram, bus, new any when range of cycling, assist people living on hills to use bicycles, support tourist tourist support bicycles, to use onhills living people assist of cycling, range more comforts, the option of carrying bicycles will be an important requirement requirement important an be will bicycles of carrying option the comforts, more reported for 2008. The new technologies applied in vehicle development development vehicle in applied technologies new The for 2008. reported periods, which may be expanded further, depending on the degree of utilisation of utilisation degree on the depending further, expanded be may which periods, public and private car transport. car private and public location of the depots and their longer-term roles and will also make proposals proposals make also will and roles longer-term their and depots of the location

71 ATTRACTIVE VEHICLES 72 TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGIES TRANSPORT 2.2.1 2.2.2

PROCUREMENT OF ZERO EMISSION VEHICLES EMISSION ZERO OF PROCUREMENT SUPPORT OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PUBLIC PUBLIC FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENTALLY OF SUPPORT The spread of environmentally friendly fuels and zero emissions emissions zero and fuels friendly of environmentally spread The zero emission vehicles as well as vehicles equipped with renewable renewable with equipped vehicles as well as vehicles zero emission Commission drafted legally binding provisions to promote the to the promote provisions binding legally drafted Commission One of the main factors that negatively affects the quality of urban quality the affects negatively that factors main of the One severe cause diesel-engine with equipped buses Obsolete can be significantly mitigated by vehicles equipped with new with equipped vehicles by mitigated significantly be can an impact on transport modes, with the mitigation of the access access of the mitigation the with modes, ontransport impact an a background for the installation and extension of electronically of electronically extension and installation for the a background partnership. and-development discounts that are part of the financial measures aiming at making making at aiming measures financial of the part are that discounts which areas, central populated densely in of especially life, quality driven buses. With technology development, the borderline borderline the development, technology With buses. driven transportation can be promoted with the introduction of tax and fee and of tax introduction the with promoted be can transportation of handicap competitive present 2016, by the down laid to be the promoting by and of propulsion modes of alternative spread the supporting By fuels. friendly of environmentally spread challenges greatest of the one is fuels alternative with and sources the development of a wide coverage of electric charging stations. charging of electric coverage of awide development the are they while sections used intensively onthe and terminals the at wires overhead use vehicles the which in mode, transport be can service too. areas, The new in installed be must system wire overhead the and connected be should parts isolated the faced by the transportation sector; as a result, the European European the aresult, as sector; transportation the by faced environmentally friendly vehicles can be mitigated. mitigated. be can vehicles friendly environmentally the deteriorating Budapest, in burden environmental-related energy propulsion is examined within the framework of aresearch- framework the within examined is propulsion energy off-wire capability. existing trolleybus The infrastructure provides installation of refilling stations that are in line with EU standards standards EU with line in are that stations of refilling installation energy renewable with fuels fossil use. Replacing car private in In order to expand the environmentally friendly trolleybus network, network, trolleybus friendly environmentally the to expand order In when the vehicle fleet used in public transport is replaced, but also but replaced, is transport public in used fleet vehicle the when restrictions imposed for environmental protection reasons, and with with and reasons, protection for environmental imposed restrictions with of vehicles ratio the increasing by flexible even more made battery-operated on the branching-off parts of the network. of the parts branching-off onthe battery-operated optimised an into developed be can services trolleybus and bus i.e., the faded, be may sub-sectors different still the between of these Budapest in applicability The technologies. propulsion life is air pollution; therefore it is an objective to mitigate it not only not it to mitigate objective an is it therefore pollution; air is life TRANSPORT TAXI SERVICES 2.2.4 2.2.3

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGIES IN FREIGHT MORE STRINGENT ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR The current Freight Transport Strategy for Budapest specifies the the specifies for Budapest Transport Strategy Freight current The Our objective is to make that requirement even more stringent stringent even more requirement to that make is objective Our and hybrid technologies, human-powered transport, freight bicycles). bicycles). freight transport, human-powered technologies, hybrid and and for gradually limiting polluting vehicles. Simultaneously to Simultaneously vehicles. polluting limiting for gradually and and to make the EURO5 category a mandatory requirement. In requirement. a mandatory category EURO5 to the make and time information services, traffic congestions can be significantly significantly be can congestions traffic services, information time stations. of taxi use for the payable fees in a20% reduction granted the restrictions related to environmental categories, the support support the categories, to environmental related restrictions the stations at more and more taxi stations is another objective. another is stations taxi more and more at stations category. environmental EURO4 of the requirements the meet that vehicles by only Capital the in provided be may services taxi that Electric vehicles may not become widespread without the required required the without widespread become not may vehicles Electric of environmentally friendly vehicles with alternative modes of modes alternative with vehicles friendly of environmentally a requirement specify even now, burden regulations environmental By spreading and applying intelligent systems and providing real- providing and systems intelligent applying and spreading By order to further encourage the mitigation of air pollution, hybrid, hybrid, pollution, of air mitigation the encourage to further order infrastructure, thus the installation of integrated electric charging charging electric of integrated installation the thus infrastructure, In order to make the city more liveable and to reduce the the to reduce and liveable more city to the make order In mitigated and the efficiency of city logistics can be further enhanced. enhanced. further be can logistics of city efficiency the and mitigated measures until 2018 for promoting environmentally friendly vehicles vehicles friendly environmentally 2018 for promoting until measures propulsion can also be gradually strengthened (electric, hydrogen hydrogen (electric, strengthened gradually be also can propulsion purely electric and compressed natural gas (CNG) powered taxis are taxis powered (CNG) gas natural compressed and electric purely

73 ATTRACTIVE VEHICLES 74 BETTER SERVICES 3 THROUGH AN EFFECTIVELY ORGANISED AND INTELLIGENT, WIDELY AVAILABLE, INTEGRATED TRANSPORT SYSTEM THAT PROVIDES ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

2014 65% 2030 80%

THE RATIO OF ENVIRONMENT-CONSCIOUS TRANSPORT MODES (WALKING, CYCLING AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT TOGETHER) WILL INCREASE 15 PERCENTAGE POINTS BY 2030. 76 ”Growing out of oil” will not be possible relying on a single technological solution. solution. technological asingle on relying possible be not of will oil” out ”Growing characteristics of service quality. The availability of information over travelling time time over travelling of information availability The quality. of service characteristics The quality, accessibility and reliability of transport services will gain increasing increasing gain will services of transport reliability and accessibility quality, The importance in the coming years, inter alia due to the ageing of the population population of the ageing to the due alia inter years, coming the in importance and routing alternatives is equally relevant to ensure seamless door-to-door door-to-door seamless to ensure relevant equally is alternatives routing and and the need to promote public transport. Attractive frequencies, comfort, comfort, frequencies, Attractive transport. public to promote need the and easy access, reliability of services and intermodal integration are the main the are integration intermodal and of services reliability access, easy THROUGH NORMATIVE FINANCING, UNIFORM PASSENGER PASSENGER UNIFORM FINANCING, NORMATIVE THROUGH 3.1 INTELLIGENT SERVICES TIMETABLESINFORMATION, HARMONISED AND EXPANDING It requires a new concept of mobility, supported by a cluster of acluster by supported of mobility, concept anew requires It IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF SERVICE LEVEL OF SERVICE QUALITY THE IMPROVING new technologies as well as more sustainable behaviour. behaviour. sustainable more as well as technologies new Traffic engineering solutions introduced some decades ago, decades some introduced solutions Traffic engineering The currently applied tariff and ticketing system of Budapest is of Budapest system ticketing and tariff applied currently The cities may be introduced, in addition to single tickets and passes. passes. and tickets to single addition in introduced, be may cities awareness raising is able to supplement the traditional, supply-based supply-based traditional, the to supplement able is raising awareness a uniquely out-of-date system in Europe. Due to the obsolete obsolete to the Due Europe. in system out-of-date a uniquely permanent. to become solutions hoc ad and accident-prone User friendly and people-oriented services are needed in order to order in needed are services people-oriented and friendly User urban transport fare system of Budapest is one of Europe’s most of most Europe’s one is of Budapest fare system transport urban the shaping of demands with administrative regulatory tools, with the the with tools, regulatory administrative with of demands shaping the technology, no well-tried and popular ticket types available in other other in available types ticket popular and well-tried no technology, irregular, forcing modes transport of various interchanges several transport of public attractiveness and competitiveness overall the service Any extent. to a small oronly all at account into taken favouring the private car use, have been maintained on numerous onnumerous maintained been have use, car private the favouring of public transport. In Budapest, there are still many options of options many still are there Budapest, In transport. of public obsolete systems while passenger information and transport transport and information passenger while systems obsolete infrastructural transport development endeavours. development transport infrastructural with and campaigns with options, mobility of alternative introduction used: yet not been have which selection mode transport influencing competitiveness the and cycling and of walking popularity the increase in general. Passenger transfers and changes are badly organised at organised badly are changes and transfers Passenger general. in where the majority of the travel time is spent waiting deteriorates deteriorates waiting spent is time travel of the majority the where routes in Budapest, where the criteria of public transport are not are transport of public criteria the where Budapest, in routes mobility, both for passengers and for freight. for freight. and for passengers both mobility, EU EU EU EU White Paper (41.) Paper White White Paper (43.) Paper White

3.1.1 INFORMATION SERVICES

CONSISTENT PASSENGER INFORMATION AND OTHER OTHER AND INFORMATION PASSENGER CONSISTENT can be handled flexibly. handled be can requirements individual and predictable more become will chain conscious passengers and from customers into partners. They can can They partners. into from customers and passengers conscious a uniform design will be applied on internal surfaces of vehicles, on of vehicles, surfaces on internal applied be will design a uniform and modernised be will systems orientation static of the details all of high- introduction the With well. as devices mobile through and of Budapest points mode-switching important most the at accessible interfaces, ononline minute by minute information traffic accurate their reaching in passengers assist innovations technological advanced updates on individual and public transport options are one of the of the one are options transport public and on individual updates displayed orientation signs, on timetables and maps. Public transport transport Public maps. and ontimetables signs, orientation displayed considerably: change also will cityscape Budapest the determines that system transport of the image the surfaces, information quality information passenger integrated The possible. as fast as destinations stops will be reconstructed, the old and outdated signs will be replaced replaced be will signs outdated and old the reconstructed, be will stops and real-time provide will development, under currently system, finding columns enabling Wi-Fi connection at busy surface transport transport surface busy at connection Wi-Fi enabling columns finding Passenger friendly transport measures will make public transport transport public make will measures transport friendly Passenger Providing continuous information to passengers and real-time real-time and to passengers information continuous Providing information services are still not consistent, despite the development development the despite consistent, not still are services information information and communications technology revolution of the new new of the revolution technology communications and information key priorities for high-quality transport services in Budapest. The The Budapest. in services transport for high-quality key priorities hubs. Participants in transport will turn from helpless travellers into travellers from helpless turn will transport in Participants hubs. various transport modes. By expanding the services, the travel the services, the expanding By modes. transport various will be enhanced with the help of interactive signage and way- and signage of interactive help the with enhanced be will more attractive and improve the conditions of the use of the use of the conditions the improve and attractive more make their decisions on trips on the basis of accurate and real-time real-time and of accurate basis onthe on trips decisions their make most the of Budapest: transport the in place taking also is millennium projects of the last few years. last of the projects by informative and decorative information, and tourist information information tourist and information, decorative and informative by 77 BETTER SERVICES 78 AND COORDINATION OF SERVICES OF COORDINATION AND 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4

INTEROPERABLE FARE SYSTEM AND TARIFF COMMUNITY AND SYSTEM FARE INTEROPERABLE AUTOMATED FARE-COLLECTION (AFC) SYSTEM (AFC) AUTOMATED FARE-COLLECTION HARMONISATION OF URBAN AND SUBURBAN TIMETABLES The AFC system provides up-to-date usage data which is important for important is which data usage up-to-date provides system AFC The The time-based electronic fare-collection system will automatically track track automatically will system fare-collection electronic time-based The system fare-collection electronic of anew, time-based introduction The and attractiveness the in factor important an is fare system The An integrated fare system that includes both tickets and passes is an is passes and tickets both includes that fare system integrated An introduced to be have will fare system and timetable integrated An competitiveness and attractiveness of public transport and reduces fare reduces and transport of public attractiveness and competitiveness the increases quality, service improves fare system electronic The chain. of electronic installation the requires which technology, card contactless channels will also be expanded (internet, telephone, ATM purchase ATM purchase telephone, (internet, expanded be also will channels fare structure pricing, including transport, of public competitiveness and access to tickets and passes, i.e., the sales system. sales i.e., the passes, and to tickets access and aimed at improving the comfort of changes and minimising time loss. loss. time minimising and of changes comfort the improving at aimed system. integrated of the parts become also the development of the quantity and quality of the service. of the quality and quantity of the development the system will treat each passenger as the user of a multi-component travel of a multi-component user the as passenger each treat will system the thus and service, of the part fare as the in included transfers the to be need will gates access and onvehicles devices validating ticket by replaced be will system paper-based the and renewed be will system services of MÁV (Hungarian State Railways) and VOLÁNBUSZ must VOLÁNBUSZ and Railways) State of MÁV (Hungarian services is It transport. individual with competitive modes transport focusing on the requirements of the travelling community, the tariff tariff the community, travelling of the requirements onthe focusing evasion, thereby contributing to sustainable financing. to sustainable contributing thereby evasion, especially important in regional transport, therefore the suburban suburban the therefore transport, regional in important especially options, etc.). Within the framework of the system, the P+R car parks in in parks P+R car the system, of the framework the etc.).options, Within tools. communications for modern developed information, decisions Those trips. their commencing before available information, Budapest will also be available for use with electronic tickets. electronic with for use available be also will Budapest sales the development, the with Parallel stations. busy at installed system of amodern part as development: IT and transport acomplex is important prerequisite of a full-value “S-Bahn” rapid railway system. railway rapid “S-Bahn” of afull-value prerequisite important to public make order in fare system Budapest overall the in It is impossible to eliminate all transfers, but all development must be be must development all but transfers, all to eliminate impossible is It may also be assisted by personalised online and interactive on-site on-site interactive and online personalised by assisted be also may ORGANISATION 3.1.5 Extension of solutions prioritising public transport vehicles transport public prioritising of solutions Extension Modern route organisation, traffic-dependent systems traffic-dependent organisation, route Modern Modern traffic surveillance system surveillance traffic Modern

USE OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT TRANSPORT PUBLIC IN SYSTEMS INTELLIGENT OF USE The application of traffic-dependent regulation technology solutions solutions technology regulation of traffic-dependent application The eliminate and identify will routes transport of public review traffic The line their and trains of regional system signalling route new The The coordination of timetables is an important aspect of that progress. progress. of that aspect important an is of timetables coordination The An advanced traffic control system ensures connections specified in the the in specified connections ensures system control traffic advanced An An integrated timetable means that various lines meet at intersection intersection at meet lines various that means timetable integrated An contribute to a predictable and effective road transport organisation. transport road effective and to apredictable contribute administration consistent control, traffic demand-driven and coordinated and the extensive use of the databank and operation database will all all will database operation and databank of the use extensive the and interface. timetable common given real priority continuously. Instead of limitations and surcharges, the the surcharges, and of limitations Instead continuously. priority real given time passenger information system on current traffic conditions. If there there If conditions. traffic on current system information passenger time real- to the updates data ongoing provides and disturbances, service managing to effectively addition in of delays, case the even in timetable utilisation, the optimises and for vehicles time idle causing factors the a to establish is integration of timetable step first The system. transfer with coordinated be also must times operating the services; transport the in role active amore have may services rail regional the of sections urban the lines, of the capacity service the strengthening Providing real-time information for route selection, influencing traffic traffic influencing for selection, route information real-time Providing of the error and on transport options to avoid the route section involved. section route the to avoid options ontransport and error of the services. train last and first to the adjusted options bus feeder primarily involve will of integration type This of Budapest. is any service disturbance, disruption, the system informs the concerned concerned the informs system the disruption, disturbance, service any is transport. individual with shared surfaces of road time, and space in In order to mitigate the level of daily car use, public transport must be be must transport public use, car of daily level the to mitigate order In headways. By coordinating suburban and urban timetables and timetables urban and suburban coordinating By headways. with billboards with changeable displays, parking management, management, parking displays, changeable with billboards with will give priority to public transport at due times flexibly, without any without flexibly, times due at transport to public priority give will numbering also contribute to the development of an integrated of integrated an development to the contribute also numbering passengers of the situation, on the measures taken for the elimination elimination for the taken measures onthe situation, of the passengers points in a coordinated manner, which can effectively reduce time time reduce effectively can manner, which a coordinated in points losses, and will provide a predictable and reliable service to passengers. to passengers. service reliable and apredictable provide will and losses, lost in changes especially on services operated with less-frequent less-frequent with operated on services especially changes in lost 79 BETTER SERVICES 80 INTEGRATED DATAINTEGRATED SYSTEMS The collection of real-time network data is extremely important important extremely is data network of real-time collection The the which by developed been have systems data corporate Those anonymously, for becoming familiar with their travel habits, and for and habits, travel their with familiar for becoming anonymously, and traditional controlling have been replaced with nearly real- nearly with replaced been have controlling traditional and Wireless technologies, especially the spread of intelligent mobile tools, mobile of intelligent spread the especially technologies, Wireless development-related directions and trends are becoming apparent: becoming are trends and directions development-related there are possibilities for tracking passengers individually but but individually passengers for tracking possibilities are there corridors, bus services, (direct own ontheir convincing and apparent are that data-based decision making. decision data-based time process tracking, quick yet in-depth preliminary studies, and studies, preliminary yet in-depth quick tracking, process time for the transportation traffic control and providing those to traffic to traffic those providing and control traffic transportation for the open up new doors in transportation planning and organisation: organisation: and planning transportation in doors new up open increased use of public transport will be encouraged by efficient services services efficient by encouraged be will transport of public use increased high-speed, separated tram tracks and bus lanes, priority in traffic). in priority lanes, bus and tracks tram separated high-speed, providing dynamic information to passengers. The following new following The to passengers. information dynamic providing previous corporate culture-based primarily subsequent analyses analyses subsequent primarily culture-based corporate previous | | | | – – – – • • • •

standardisation policies of the European Union target the sp the target Union European of the policies standardisation provi devices mobile of personal development and spread the develop infrastructure from physical place taking is a shift the "predict and provide" traditional transport planning met planning transport provide" and traditional "predict the cation technologies directive). technologies cation utilisation of infrastructures), existing utilisation des new opportunities for transport organising, for transport opportunities new des transport needs, transport oninfluencing focuses which manage" approach, and "aim the hod based on forecasts and estimations is being replaced by replaced being is estimations and onforecasts based hod multi-modal route planning (urban information and communi and information (urban planning route multi-modal and (ITS), systems transportation intelligent data, of open read efficient more the (promoting solutions technological nication commu and information of intelligent application to the ments ------3.1.6 SHARING SYSTEM, EXTENSION OF CYCLING SERVICES CYCLING OF EXTENSION SYSTEM, SHARING INTEGRATED SERVICES

OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC BICYCLE- PUBLIC THE OF DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION The next step is forecasting, which involves dynamic estimation estimation dynamic involves which forecasting, is step next The can be developed and operated that is overall more reliable, safer, reliable, more overall is that operated and developed be can control centres in the form of feedback. If a suitable number of and number asuitable If form of feedback. the in centres control and communication technologies thus provides the possibility of possibility the provides thus technologies communication and of information use the organising, of transport course the In available. onanetwork optimized be can programs signal traffic used, and available are equipment collection data traffic reliable adequately the needs of passengers better, a data-driven transportation system system transportation better, a data-driven of passengers needs the to know getting and services, its and infrastructure transport the monitoring manner, continuously aunified in data transportation interest the in taken Measures sources. from various received data transportation systems are the peak of the development curve and and curve development of the peak the are systems transportation MOL Bubi, the public bicycle-sharing service introduced in Budapest, is a is Budapest, in introduced service bicycle-sharing public the Bubi, MOL easily accessible for everyone in the inner, most densely populated populated densely inner, most the in for everyone accessible easily By collecting, handling, and analysing large amounts of urban of urban amounts large analysing and handling, collecting, By of effectiveness the allow that to passengers services new offering cooperative Integrated, steps. previous the after possible only are avoided be should that situations traffic future of preventing Information technology developments also enable the provision of provision the enable also developments technology Information new, alternative public transport service with affordable public bicycles, bicycles, public affordable with service transport public new, alternative numerous modern, integrated services in urban transport organising: transport urban in services integrated modern, numerous currently. than effective more and friendly, environmentally more on based situations traffic of expected probability adequate with making it possible to better utilise the existing infrastructure systems. infrastructure existing the utilise to better possible it making technically currently is that technology advanced most the represent both public transport and individual transport methods to increase, to increase, methods transport individual and transport public both level and traffic-dependant control strategies can be developed. be can strategies control traffic-dependant and level | | | | | | | | – – – – – – – – • • • • • • • •

Dynamic traffic control ("SMART ROAD") ("SMART control traffic Dynamic system parking Dynamic protecti regulation-based zones, city inner in traffic Mitigating services information traffic Dynamic eli and monitoring disturbance monitoring, traffic Developed surface) onintegrated payment, (mobile channels sales Simplified (‘’green wave’’) signals of traffic coordination control, traffic Intelligent of Budapest vehicles ontransport service (Wi-Fi) internet Unified and in public areas public in and on (freight traffic, smog warning) smog traffic, on (freight mination, more effective checks effective more mination, - - 81 BETTER SERVICES 82 3.1.7 3.1.9 3.1.8 SERVICES

EXTENSION OF ON-DEMAND PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION OF ON-DEMAND EXTENSION CAR SHARING CAR DEVELOPMENT OF CONSISTENT TAXI SERVICES IN BUDAPEST IN TAXI SERVICES CONSISTENT OF DEVELOPMENT The purpose of taxi service regulation in Budapest is to facilitate a to facilitate is Budapest in regulation service of taxi purpose The A public cycle-parking installation programme will be launched in launched be will programme installation cycle-parking A public Supplementary services directly related to the cycling infrastructure infrastructure cycling to the related directly services Supplementary Schemes aimed at boosting the occupancy level of cars in the city may may city the in of cars level occupancy the boosting at aimed Schemes (rent-a-bike, fast self-service repair stations, servicing, rest areas rest servicing, stations, repair self-service (rent-a-bike, fast (extended travel time or route length of the line). The current service is is service current line). The of the length orroute time travel (extended another factor contributing to reliable urban transport. urban to reliable contributing factor another use, accessible in the vicinity of each home in Budapest and to and Budapest in home of each vicinity the in accessible use, demand-driven passenger transportation public service (Telebus) or the (Telebus) orthe service public transportation passenger demand-driven institutions. public of municipally-owned vicinity the in and sites why is That destination. any at facility cycle-parking respective the services, especially in new residential areas with low population densities. densities. population low with areas residential new in especially services, centre). cycling guiding, tour management, tour cycling for cyclists, the comfort and safety of passengers that may be achieved through through achieved be may that of passengers safety and comfort the expanded on the basis of the actual experience of its operation. of its experience actual of the basis onthe expanded extension of the existing scheduled transport services in space or time ortime space in services transport scheduled existing of the extension conditions its to improve and cycling everyday to encourage order ease congestion in the inner parts of the city, traffic on public roads and and roads onpublic city, traffic of the parts inner the in congestion ease in car parks, as well as the resulting environmental pollution. With the the With pollution. environmental resulting the as well as parks, car in help of the car sharing system, the same magnitude of vehicle usage may may usage of vehicle magnitude same the system, sharing car of the help In such places, the alternative for individual motorised transport is a is transport motorised for individual alternative the places, such In Not all urban transport needs can be served effectively by scheduled scheduled by effectively served be can needs transport urban all Not Market attractive. and reliable of bicycles use urban the make will metres in the Centre and district centres, on office, service and work and service onoffice, centres, district and Centre the in metres at safely and conveniently fixed be can bicycles the that sure make reviewed and extended on an ongoing basis, according to programme. according basis, ongoing on an extended and reviewed with a simple tariff system. A set of conditions are required to enhance to enhance required are of conditions Aset system. tariff asimple with players may also be involved in the development of full services services of full development the in involved be also may players 200 of least at adistance at installed be will facilities bicycle-parking by taking into account the requirements of local land uses and uses land of local requirements the account into taking by be will system The cycling. individual encouraging of Budapest, parts regular quality control by inspection. Setting a limit for taxi age is is age for taxi alimit Setting inspection. by control quality regular be achieved with fewer vehicles requiring fewer parking spaces enabling enabling spaces fewer parking requiring fewer vehicles with achieved be predictable, transparent, consistent and reliable service for passengers for passengers service reliable and consistent transparent, predictable, layouts, in order to make bicycle storing facilities, suitable for daily for daily suitable facilities, storing to bicycle make order in layouts, THROUGH FACILITATING CONSCIOUS MODE SELECTION BY PROVIDING BY PROVIDING SELECTION MODE FACILITATING CONSCIOUS THROUGH 3.2 3.1.10 3.2.1 UP-TO-DATE COMMUNICATION INFORMATION AND CLIENT-CENTRED

ACTIVE AWARENESSACTIVE RAISING CONSCIOUS MOBILITY AND SAFE TRANSPORT EDUCATION AND SAFE TRANSPORT MOBILITY CONSCIOUS URBAN TRANSPORTATION SANITATION HEALTH AND PUBLIC TASKS 16-22 September each year, calling attention to the current trends in trends current to the attention year, each calling September 16-22 The transport development of the Capital is focused on people living living onpeople focused is Capital of the development transport The Our objective is to assist reaching a sustainable balance of transport of transport balance asustainable reaching to assist is objective Our communities (pupils, teachers and parents) and promotion campaigns. promotion and parents) and teachers (pupils, communities contribute to the enhancement of transport-related knowledge and and knowledge of transport-related enhancement to the contribute aim of the STARS research-and-development project, conducted with with conducted project, research-and-development STARS of the aim conditions and accessible to the disabled should also be increased. be also should disabled to the accessible and conditions long-distance keeping and stops, their and transportation community and of vehicles conditions hygiene the if transportation community conditions of transport systems and to solve the hygiene deficiencies deficiencies hygiene the to solve and systems of transport conditions cars with complex and specific proposals and regulatory options. regulatory and proposals specific and complex with cars and travelling in the city. The gradually increasing information supply, information increasing gradually The city. the in travelling and and station restrooms have to be improved; furthermore, the number number the improved; furthermore, to be have restrooms station and of local modes the areas, to public devoted to be has attention urban and transport development, the European directives and the the and directives European the development, transport and urban users to satisfy their mobility needs at less cost (at first 3 to 5, but later later 3to 5, but (at cost first less at needs mobility their to satisfy users the involvement of Budapest Municipality and the support Intelligent Intelligent support the and Municipality of Budapest involvement the targeted campaigns and research-and-development cooperation and research-and-development targeted all campaigns for their everyday trips. everyday for their Energy Europe (IEE) of the European Union is to reduce the number number the to reduce is Union European of the (IEE) Europe Energy of pupils arriving to school by car, with the help of an accreditation of accreditation an help car, by the with to school arriving of pupils even 10 private cars might be replaced by one shared vehicle). A concept Aconcept vehicle). shared one by replaced be might cars private even 10 impacts of transport on the quality of urban life and environment. The The environment. and life of urban quality onthe of transport impacts between Weekend Car-free and Week Mobility European the organise of well-equipped, free, and clean restrooms providing proper hygiene hygiene proper providing restrooms clean free, and of well-equipped, Both residents of Budapest and visitors can be motivated to use to use motivated be can visitors and of Budapest residents Both is being developed to support the dissemination of shared passenger passenger of shared dissemination the to support developed being is In the 2014-2030 period, it is essential to improve the hygiene hygiene the to improve essential is it 2014-2030 period, the In modes and to enable people to find the optimal transport solutions solutions transport optimal the to find people to enable and modes routes are improved in addition to their being modern. Especial Especial modern. being to their addition in improved are routes related to the main wastes in transportation. in wastes main to the related programme focusing on the active involvement of primary school school of primary involvement active onthe focusing programme people’s decisions about their own mobility. Budapest continues to continues Budapest mobility. own their about decisions people’s bus and train stations clean. The hygiene conditions of public areas areas of public conditions hygiene The clean. stations train and bus 83 BETTER SERVICES 84 3.2.3 3.2.2

CUSTOMER SERVICE CENTRES SERVICE CUSTOMER AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS AND COMMUNICATION AND AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS Along with an increase in the number of cyclists, the number of less of less number the of cyclists, number the in increase an with Along Code into the National Curriculum) Curriculum) National the into Code channels need to be reconsidered and a new, customer-centred anew, and customer-centred reconsidered to be need channels rules. the with compliance to their promote cyclists among campaigns changes at local and national levels (e.g. the integration of the Highway Highway of the (e.g. integration levels the national and local at changes and active communication, which focuses on setting an example and example an on setting focuses which communication, active and all transport-related requests can be managed. Apart from the AFC AFC from the Apart managed. be can requests transport-related all introduced. to be has approach adequate infrastructure, through targeted campaigns and educational educational and campaigns targeted through infrastructure, adequate districts and service providing partners (MÁV-Start, VOLÁNBUSZ), can can (MÁV-Start, VOLÁNBUSZ), partners providing service and districts the provision of information, continuous attitude forming campaigns campaigns forming attitude continuous of information, provision the services and, in individual cases, to the Municipality, Budapest Budapest Municipality, to the cases, individual in and, services transport public integrated to the relating matters other system, where traffic passenger intensive with locations at and hubs transport to maximise customer satisfaction and the user experience, sales sales experience, user the and satisfaction customer to maximise order In transport. organising provider service of the approach the the standard of transport culture is increased, besides providing providing besides increased, is culture of transport standard the experienced and uninformed users has also increased, resulting in resulting increased, also has users uninformed and experienced on creating awareness of social advantages. Easily understandable understandable Easily advantages. of social awareness on creating of services, customer centres will be established at the main public public main the at established be will centres customer of services, information with feedback opportunities is conveyed on an electronic electronic conveyed on an is opportunities feedback with information help of maps, route planners and newsletters. and planners route of maps, help In order to ensure safe transport, compliant conduct is supported by supported is conduct compliant transport, safe to ensure order In In order to satisfy the changed demand and to improve the quality quality the to improve and demand changed the to satisfy order In It is not only the attitude of travellers that has to change, but also also but to change, has that of travellers attitude the only not is It In order to gradually reduce the number and the severity of accidents, of accidents, severity the and number the reduce to gradually order In more demand for the supply and transfer of information and targeted targeted and of information transfer and supply for the demand more portal, in publications, through the information centre, and with the the with centre, and information the through publications, in portal, TRANSPORT CULTURETRANSPORT 3.2.4 Types of customer service centres service Types of customer PRESENTATION OF TRANSPORT HERITAGE, TEACHING TEACHING HERITAGE, TRANSPORT PRESENTATION OF The services and ticket sales implemented with the new approach, approach, new the with implemented sales ticket and services The Therefore, access to the preserved values by the general public will will public general the by values preserved to the access Therefore, world- numerous by marked is transport of Budapest history The centres introduced: may be continue. Similarly to other large cities, the vintage vehicle organization organization vehicle vintage the cities, large to other Similarly continue. also be handled there (e.g.: MOL Bubi, surcharge payment, general general payment, surcharge (e.g.: Bubi, there MOL handled be also as well as the closely related high capacity customer centres and centres customer capacity high related closely the as well as design and operation of the customer centres can significantly significantly can centres customer of the operation and design developed by deepening their knowledge of local and technical history history technical and of local knowledge their deepening by developed generations. the continuous installation of intelligent ticket vending machines. vending ticket of intelligent installation continuous the standard innovations that greatly determined the identity of the Capital. Capital. of the identity the determined greatly that innovations standard enjoyable form and increasing the transport awareness of new of new awareness transport the increasing form and enjoyable and aplayful in knowledge history technical and of local expansion out parallel with the introduction of the new customer centres and and centres customer new of the introduction the with parallel out of serving Budapest passengers and tourists. The high-quality high-quality The tourists. and passengers Budapest of serving over the last few years, and the presentation and reconstruction of the of the reconstruction and presentation the and few years, last over the Based on passenger flows, two types of accessible customer customer of accessible types two flows, onpassenger Based phased be gradually will etc.). offices ticket Traditional information, improve the general image of Budapest. image general the improve in Budapest is also to extend its touristic offers, contributing to the to the contributing offers, touristic its to extend also is Budapest in historic technical equipment and the operation of vintage vehicles will will vehicles of vintage operation the and equipment technical historic In addition to holding open days, this task requires a permanent location location apermanent requires task this days, open to holding addition In with the help of educational and fun activities. fun and of educational help the with be can generation younger of the awareness transportation the where This transportation. public with accessible easily is that Budapest within reliable automated ticket machines combined together are capable capable are together combined machines ticket automated reliable museum and nostalgia vehicles; it could also create a training location location a training create also could it vehicles; nostalgia and museum professionals, significant development has taken place in that field field that in place taken has development significant professionals, and individuals of interested cooperation to the Owing extended. be location can be used to collect the numerous collections as well as as well as collections numerous the to collect used be can location | | – – • •

Customer centre: Customer Customer point: tomer counters. tomer cus several with office service acustomer demands flow ger should be increased and the request management relating to relating management request the and increased be should of service however, quality the requirements, sales general the new functions should also be made possible. made be also should functions new where the current ticket offices can satisfy satisfy can offices ticket current the where

at main interchanges, where large passen large where interchanges, main at - - 85 BETTER SERVICES EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE 86 4 THROUGH CONSISTENT REGULATION AND THE PASSENGER FRIENDLY DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL NETWORK CONNECTIONS 88 THROUGH A SET OF INSTITUTIONS AND REGULATIONS THAT REGULATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS OF ASET THROUGH 4.1 4.1.1 GOVERNANCE, NORMATIVE AND PREDICTABLE FINANCING OF FINANCING PREDICTABLE AND NORMATIVE GOVERNANCE, SUPPORT TRANSPORT OBJECTIVES TRANSPORT SUPPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC

CONSISTENT REGULATION CONSISTENT FURTHER TASKSFURTHER THE IN TRANSFORMATION OF TRANSPORT The regulatory environment of transport must be consistent with the the with consistent be must of transport environment regulatory The Apart from the governance tasks to organise transport, strategic strategic transport, to organise tasks governance from the Apart and sustainable astable, requires of institutions set effective An Centre for Budapest Transport. Apart from the further development development further from the Transport. Apart for Budapest Centre On the one hand, metropolitan area transport, which currently currently which transport, area metropolitan hand, one the On complex objectives, assisting their implementation both in Budapest Budapest in both implementation their assisting objectives, complex and in its metropolitan area. metropolitan its in and and put conditions of effective development in place. in development of effective conditions put and and improvement of that model, there will be two main tasks relating relating tasks main two be will there model, of that improvement and quality and competitive transport system in Budapest. However, it Budapest. in system transport competitive and quality system and its stable maintenance will facilitate the implementation implementation the facilitate will maintenance stable its and system governance of adequate an creation The changes. the to support timetable, tariffs and passenger information system are key are features system information passenger and tariffs timetable, yet not networks, onurban provided services transport public the to the governance system in the subsequent period. subsequent the in system governance to the from the form, separated well-coordinated aconsistent, in place take fund absorption and implementation. and absorption fund of the set targets and the longer-term sustainability of the system. of the sustainability longer-term the and targets set of the of any modern metropolis and are also a prerequisite for ahigh- aprerequisite also are and metropolis of modern any and of Budapest, of transport part as separately, but operates owner, control and service operator levels, within the framework of the of the framework the within levels, operator owner, service and control institutions of competent asystem to have condition indispensable an is integrated into urban transport, need to be integrated. A consistent Aconsistent integrated. to be need transport, urban into integrated Budapest which began in 2010, all transport development actions will will actions development 2010, transport in all began which Budapest of system governance transport of the transformation onthe Based For the renewal and continuous development of Budapest transport it it transport of Budapest development continuous and renewal the For representing the system of objectives and operating in line with them them with line in operating and of objectives system the representing model will facilitate efficient operation, eliminate wasteful practices practices wasteful eliminate operation, efficient facilitate will model to support onnormative based be and calculable made be must of institutions. set adequate an with only achieved be may practices must be enhanced, as they are prerequisites of effective of effective prerequisites are they as enhanced, be must practices management project and development project based planning financing This management. for effective a framework provide transport of public financing The framework. financing predictable private sector engagement to eliminate distortions, including harmful subsidies, subsidies, harmful including distortions, to eliminate engagement sector private Move towards full application of “user pays” and “polluter pays” principles and pays” principles “polluter pays” of “user and application full towards Move generate revenues and ensure financing for future transport investments. transport for future financing ensure and revenues generate Road pricing and the removal of distortions in taxation can also assist assist also can taxation in of distortions removal the and pricing Road 4.1.2

in encouraging the use of public transport and the gradual gradual the and transport of public use the encouraging in ECONOMIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE INCENTIVES ECONOMIC The operation and development of transportation system of system of transportation development and operation The (electric, renewable, or hybrid technologies) are to be promoted to be are technologies) orhybrid renewable, (electric, capacity (primarily track-bound) network, a suitable high-capacity high-capacity asuitable network, track-bound) (primarily capacity application of financial and administrative rules are to be used to used to be are rules administrative and of financial application to appealing to be deemed areas in capital of private activity and restructured, including they system of parking (the order or order (the of parking system they including restructured, and urban development, and that creates a calculable development development acalculable creates that and development, urban submitted to the public sector). public to the submitted spectrum, the use of public roads and public areas for short periods periods for short areas public and roads of public use the spectrum, financial, economical, and regulatory tools. To implement the city's city's the To tools. implement regulatory and economical, financial, for residents). By applying the term environmental load in a wider awider in load environmental term the applying By for residents). ensure that urban development ideas that result in large amounts amounts large in result that ideas development urban that ensure joint The agreements. hoc ad supersedes that environment of traffic will only be implemented with the use of track-bound use the with implemented be only will of traffic of time and technologies resulting in smaller environmental loads loads environmental smaller in resulting technologies and of time (access areas public and roads public accessing and of using order Budapest can be influenced not only with technical, but also with also but technical, with only not influenced be can Budapest In order to effectively serve real estate developments in Budapest Budapest in developments estate real serve to effectively order In vision for the future and achieve its strategic goals, regulatory regulatory goals, strategic its achieve and future for the vision with environmentally friendly transportation services, a financial afinancial services, transportation friendly environmentally with with the help of financial regulations. of financial help the with mobility is taking place in an area not served by an existing high- existing an by served not area an in place taking is mobility of degree alarge requires that project development estate real the promotes that developed to be has system motivator measures pertaining to traffic on public roads have to be examined examined to be have roads onpublic to traffic pertaining measures regulations, licensing, and fees, discounts, "intrinsic" free parking parking free "intrinsic" discounts, fees, and licensing, regulations, parking and storing vehicles, parking zones and fees) and the the fees) and and zones parking vehicles, storing and parking lines and by taking into account transportation services (if a (if services transportation account into taking by and lines line is obligatorily to be developed, or the required funds are to be are funds required orthe developed, to be obligatorily is line introduction of alternative propulsion. propulsion. of alternative introduction EU EU EU EU White Paper (2.5.) Paper White White Paper (32.) Paper White

89 EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE 90 4.1.3

REGULATION OF PARKING OF REGULATION The multi-storey car parks and underground garages in the city city the in garages underground and parks car multi-storey The As part of transportation policies, parking policy (including parking parking (including policy parking policies, of transportation part As Storing vehicles that are not participating in traffic is an increasing increasing an is traffic in participating not are that vehicles Storing Comprehensive parking regulation must also support the planned planned the support also must regulation parking Comprehensive community life through the reorganisation of their environment. environment. of their reorganisation the through life community centre should primarily be used by local residents for storing their their for storing residents local by used be primarily should centre because city of the parts populated densely historic, centuries-old a parking space, almost 10,000 parking spaces in underground underground in spaces parking 10,000 almost space, a parking With adequate transport supply and information in the inner inner the in information and supply transport adequate With Within the framework of a unified parking management system, system, management parking of aunified framework the Within seeking while round and round go vehicles city inner the in While developments, i.e. the improvement of the regulations for on-site for on-site regulations of the improvement i.e. the developments, residents more and more incentives, economic with and districts the regulatory conditions are to help the functional cooperation cooperation functional the to help are conditions regulatory the parking Public unused. left are parks car multi-storey and garages the districts on the basis of complex surveys. of complex basis onthe districts the too. ways, other in needs transport their satisfy can they as them the public parking facilities to implement various forms of forms urban various to implement facilities parking public the of number large to the due felt be cannot effect regulatory the however, districts, inner in charged is parking public that, to offset narrow. are order roads In and scarce is space public surrounding for parking and a review of the parking norms associated with associated norms parking of the a review and for parking establishment of a consistent institutional and financing system system financing and institutional of a consistent establishment established on the basis of a new concept elaborated jointly with jointly elaborated concept of a new basis onthe established of parking in public areas and outside of public areas, increase increase areas, of public outside and areas public in of parking office and residential parking. A consistent parking system can be can system parking Aconsistent parking. residential and office of waiting zones, in fees and in the maximum length of the parking parking of the length maximum the in and fees in zones, of waiting while parking on-site offer rarely homes and buildings office in the framework of which residential, P+R, and parking at target target at parking P+R, and residential, of which framework the in of creation the requires This areas. of public quality the improving for and methods, transport for influencing direction, desired the in vehicles rather than by visitors to the city centre in order to free up to free order in centre city to the visitors by than rather vehicles will realise that owning a vehicle is not a primary requirement for requirement aprimary not is avehicle owning that realise will measures concerning the other transport modes, including the the including modes, transport other the concerning measures management) is a strategic tool for developing mobility processes processes mobility for tool developing astrategic is management) designation the in consistency no with fragmented is management parking management conditions that handle the entire city as a unit, aunit, as city entire the handle that conditions management parking period. the in problem greatest the causes parking Vehicle problem. locations can be handled on each other's basis, in a unified system. system. aunified in basis, other's on each handled be can locations fee. orfor asymbolic of charge free issued licences, parking local 4.1.4

AREGULATION OF SIGHTSEEING VEHICLES AND TOURIST COACHES TOURIST AND VEHICLES SIGHTSEEING OF AREGULATION The targets of parking management to be implemented on a system- implemented to be management of parking targets The (and today is exempt from under influence). from under exempt is (and today and storage facilities have to be developed with the involvement involvement the with developed to be have facilities storage and concept of the measures detailed The Capital. of the attractions use of the infrastructure and a smoother overall transport system. transport overall asmoother and infrastructure of the use surveys. Their implementation will contribute to a more regulated regulated to amore contribute will implementation Their surveys. the popularity of P+R parking, and the normatives of residential of residential normatives the and of P+R parking, popularity the operators, and transport companies) and on the basis of recent basis onthe and companies) transport and operators, industry, (tourism organisations professional respective of the Budapest transport also comprises the vehicles, routes, departure departure routes, vehicles, the comprises also transport Budapest including the latter segment, which is the largest source of income source largest the is which segment, latter the including have to be executed: to be have In the interest of reaching the above objectives, the following tasks tasks following the objectives, above the of reaching interest the In must be identified, the stops need to be designated, and parking parking and designated, to be need stops the identified, be must points and stops of the sightseeing tours presenting the touristic touristic the presenting tours sightseeing of the stops and points based approach: without validated be cannot policy parking A desirable parking. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | – – – – – – – – – – – – – – • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

creating the necessary information and management techno management and information necessary the creating their increasing significantly and desirable parks P+R car making removing parking, for residential regulations differentiated times, turnaround increasing and onstreets parking decreasing regulations, to parking subjected areas the expanding commu serve sector business management parking the having fund, parking and organization management a parking creating of regulatory use the with background financing the providing regulatory and legal, institutional, necessary of the creation parking to residential solution scheduled anormative providing areas, city away from inner traffic vehicle commuter keeping areas, of public outside to establishments parking long-term moving ordering and areas; decreasing of public quality the improving modes transport of selecting influencing environment-oriented capacities, and promoting changes in methods, in changes promoting and tools, to users. advantages provides also that nity goals, nity background, onroads, parking long-term parking from public areas, from public parking long-term logy background.logy - -

91 EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE 92 4.1.5

INTEGRATED TRANSPORT SAFETY DATABASE SAFETY TRANSPORT INTEGRATED The criteria of tourism should be given priority in the course of course the in priority given be should of tourism criteria The The first step of accident prevention is to identify the root causes root causes the to identify is prevention of accident step first The Simultaneously with the Budapest transport governance reform, a governance transport Budapest the with Simultaneously commuter traffic and leisure-related navigation can ensure the the ensure can navigation leisure-related and traffic commuter a business plan for cooperation with the interested private service service private interested the with for cooperation plan a business and more accurately. more and more recorded be also can damage financial involving accidents the development of navigation services, too. The balance between between balance too. The services, of navigation development the through electronic connections, and the thus created database database created thus the and connections, electronic through directly transferred are Office Statistical Central of the that than safety. transport the promote that regulations include instruments Its trends. safety transport improving of already preservation to the contribution the with tasked BKK within created was unit organisational separate facilitates planning activities. In line with the accident trends, accident the with line In activities. planning facilitates organisation from the and Headquarters Police from Budapest of manual data collection, information is received continuously continuously received is information collection, data of manual data detailed and accurate more significantly where of accidents, of the basis onthe defined be can tasks actual The of accidents. its own accident database in order to assist the exact evaluation evaluation exact the to assist order in database accident own its routing of touristic sightseeing trips, for which the conditions and conditions the for which trips, sightseeing of touristic routing responsible for public space management in Budapest. Instead Instead Budapest. in management space for public responsible to develop began BKK events. occurred of the evaluation and review providers will be developed. be will providers the with aligned be must services Boat system. of the profitability proposals and the review of development ideas on the basis of basis onthe ideas of development review the and proposals as well as analyses, and records accident of accidents, prevention AN ADEQUATE DEGREE OF INTEGRATION OF TRANSPORT TRANSPORT OF INTEGRATION OF ADEQUATEAN DEGREE 4.2 4.2.2 4.2.1 SERVICES WITHIN THE BUDAPEST REGION BUDAPEST THE WITHIN SERVICES BY FACILITATING THE INTEGRATION OF REGIONAL AND LARGE LARGE AND REGIONAL OF BY FACILITATING INTEGRATION THE REGIONAL SYSTEMS

REGIONAL COOPERATION REGIONAL ESTABLISHMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS TO ENSURE TO ENSURE RELATIONS INSTITUTIONAL OF ESTABLISHMENT ELABORATION OF AN INTEGRATED TRAFFIC MODEL TRAFFIC INTEGRATED AN OF ELABORATION The last representative, large-sample survey was conducted in Budapest Budapest in conducted was survey large-sample representative, last The the and of Budapest system administration two-tier current The Association (BKSZ), formed in 2005 and responsible for preparation for preparation responsible and 2005 in formed (BKSZ), Association Although the transport governance reform of Budapest represents great great represents of reform Budapest governance transport the Although (Municipality of Budapest and the competent ministry). competent the and of Budapest (Municipality control and fare system). As a result, municipal transport organising has has organising transport municipal aresult, fare system). As and control and economic changes on transport habits of the last ten years and and years ten last of the habits ontransport changes economic and level. community tariff pass-based suburban and suburban and of urban use for the system pass and ticket a consistent and implementation was closed by the owners in 2011. Cooperation in in 2011. in Cooperation owners the by closed was implementation and Transport Budapest of the bureau The services. transport suburban and urban and suburban passenger transportation public services between between services public transportation passenger suburban and urban development options in Budapest according to uniform criteria. During During criteria. to uniform according Budapest in options development dialogue, a long-term agreement between the Ministry of National of National Ministry the between agreement along-term dialogue, there are no regular surveys. A decade-long deficit will be eliminated eliminated be will deficit A decade-long surveys. regular no are there transport suburban and urban coordinating organiser transport transport (network, scheduling, passenger information services, traffic traffic services, information passenger scheduling, (network, transport the Ministry of National Development and the Municipality of Budapest of Budapest Municipality the and Development of National Ministry the favour transport integration. Daily commuting trips originating originating trips commuting Daily integration. favour transport not do provision for service responsibility of the fragmentation European Union for Budapest and its metropolitan area to analyse the the to analyse area metropolitan its and for Budapest Union European in 2004. There are only expert estimates for the impact of the societal societal of the impact for the estimates expert only are There 2004. in aregional by supported be could settlements surrounding the in impacts of certain transport development projects and to compare to compare and projects development transport of certain impacts Development and BKK ensures further commissioning of BKV services services of BKV commissioning further ensures BKK and Development professional of the a result As formalised. not is it but continuous, is have remained in the services provided for various settlements. There is is There settlements. for various provided services the in remained have more intensively as a cooperation of the parties involved parties of the a cooperation as intensively more not been excluded from the metropolitan area, but significant differences differences significant but area, metropolitan from the excluded been not by the new integrated traffic model, prepared with the support of the of the support the with prepared model, traffic integrated new the by local the at stopped has development its but services, transport public progress, the institutional framework of cooperation has shrunk in urban urban in shrunk has of cooperation framework institutional the progress, leaving Budapest and their integrated operation with Budapest public public Budapest with operation integrated their and Budapest leaving

93 EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE 94 4.2.3 BASED ON THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC TRAFFIC AND VEHICLES OF TOTAL THE ON WEIGHT BASED RESTRICTIONS BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS RESTRICTIONS MORE STRINGENT REGULATIONS FOR THE ZONING SYSTEM, SYSTEM, ZONING THE FOR REGULATIONS STRINGENT MORE The integrated traffic model and the related continuous traffic traffic continuous related the and model traffic integrated The The objective is to have individual deliveries or the "least effective" effective" "least or the deliveries individual to have is objective The incidental: is locations city to inner transport of freight access The and hybrid technologies or the use of human-powered transport transport of human-powered use orthe technologies hybrid and avoid the morning rush hour or to have rules complied with. complied rules orto have hour rush morning the avoid public hinder often capacities road of public utilization bad the and supporting the preparations of cost-effective transport development development transport of cost-effective preparations the supporting for the conducted, be also will region whole the covering surveys traffic complex municipality, the by owned to be model of the elaboration the distribution services. New trends have been introduced in freight in introduced been have trends New services. distribution of freight framework the in mainly producers, from the directly first time in ten years, to define travel habits, mobility decision- making making decision- mobility habits, travel to define years, ten in time first section of the delivery. This solution can be provided with the use of use the with provided be can solution This delivery. of the section can systems transportation intelligent with supported control traffic of real-time use The possible. as short as to be of shipping section concentrated is traffic Freight transportation. community and traffic direct and services of courier role the and recently transportation traditionally, made still are deliveries of the majority the However, city. the within commodities for distributing suitable the in warehouses have companies service and trading some freight vehicles; for example, the application of electric, hydrogen, of electric, application the for example, vehicles; freight of Budapest and the surrounding area as well as the evaluation of evaluation the as well as area surrounding the and of Budapest in both time and space, and there are no regulations or practices to orpractices regulations no are there and space, and time both in home deliveries has also increased due to online shopping. to online due increased also has deliveries home In freight transport, a more effective solution is required for linking for linking required is solution effective amore transport, freight In to vehicles them transfer and freight their offload can vehicles Freight traffic in the city should be provided by low emissions emissions low by provided be should city the in traffic Freight heterogeneous: is of Budapest supply goods the Nowadays make the model a practical tool for up-to-date transport planning by planning transport for tool up-to-date apractical model the make will accurately, which traffic to analyse able be will We projects. new concepts development of the review the assist will monitoring and volumes.mechanisms Budapest traffic will decrease not only pollutant emissions, but also noise pollution. noise also but emissions, pollutant only not decrease will projects and their efficient implementation in time and in space. in and time in implementation efficient their and projects be used to shorten delivery times and decrease congestion in the last last the in congestion decrease and times delivery to shorten used be long-distance shipping and the last section of transport (the "last mile"). "last (the of transport section last the and shipping long-distance zones, loading designated limited stopping, and parking limited transportation where Budapest surrounding zone logistics and hybrid technologies would not only reduce the emission of pollutants into the air, the into of pollutants emission the reduce only not would technologies hybrid and possible route. The use of intelligent transport systems contributes to real-time traffic traffic to real-time contributes systems transport of intelligent use route. The possible This could be performed by low-emission urban trucks. The use of electric, hydrogen hydrogen of electric, use The trucks. urban low-emission by performed be could This last phase of transport (last-mile) should be organised more efficiently. The aim is to is aim The efficiently. more organised be should (last-mile) of transport phase last limit individual deliveries, the most “inefficient” part of the journey, to the shortest shortest to the journey, of the part “inefficient” most the deliveries, individual limit areas to take place at night time. This would ease the problem of road congestion congestion of road problem the ease would This time. night at place to take areas In freight transportation, the interface between long-distance transport and the the and transport long-distance between interface the transportation, freight In management, reducing delivery times and congestion for last-mile distribution. distribution. for last-mile congestion and times delivery reducing management, but also noise, allowing a greater portion of freight transport within the urban urban the within transport of freight portion agreater allowing noise, also but TRANSPORT ACCESS REGULATIONTRANSPORT SYSTEM 4.2.4 OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FREIGHT FREIGHT THE OF DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION congestion on public roads during morning and afternoon rush hour. rush afternoon and morning during roads onpublic congestion traffic to take place at night. This would alleviate the problem of problem the alleviate would This night. at place to take traffic air, the contaminate that pollutants only not decreases technologies into three main categories: categories: main three into Freight traffic demand on the territory of Budapest can be divided divided be can of Budapest territory onthe demand traffic Freight but also noise pollution, allowing a greater portion of urban freight freight of urban portion agreater allowing pollution, noise also but low emissions urban trucks. The use of electric, hydrogen, and hybrid hybrid and hydrogen, of electric, use The trucks. urban emissions low | | | – – – • • •

internal urban freight traffic (deliveries between points within within points between (deliveries traffic freight urban internal Budapest) in adestination (with traffic freight destination Budapest) in destination any (without traffic freight transit Budapest) during morning and afternoon peak hours. EU EU White Paper (33.) Paper White

INFLUENCING TRANSIT FREIGHT TRAFFIC FREIGHT TRANSIT INFLUENCING

95 EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE 96 ‘brown zones’ and were replaced by logistics enterprises using enterprises logistics by were replaced and zones’ ‘brown The purpose of the measures to be introduced between 2014 and between introduced to be measures of the purpose The significantly have few decades last of the processes economic The Transit freight traffic is successfully regulated by limited traffic traffic limited by regulated successfully is traffic Transit freight Through the Budapest Freight Traffic Strategy a system has been been has asystem Traffic Strategy Freight Budapest the Through 2018 is to regulate and influence the route selection and the period period the and selection route the influence and to2018 regulate is zones (freight traffic zones). In certain zones, internal freight freight internal zones, zones). certain In traffic (freight zones changed the functions within Budapest: manufacturing plants plants manufacturing Budapest: within functions the changed access charges. Development was broken by the economic decline decline economic the by broken was Development charges. access to the due partly and restrictions introduced of the aresult as for motorway, designated onsites M0 of the vicinity the in and getting stronger until 2008 and only the total weight limitations, limitations, weight total the only and 2008 until stronger getting developed that keeps transit shipments away from the city, but away from the shipments transit keeps that developed transportation, i.e. delivery movements between sectors may only may sectors between movements i.e. delivery transportation, of the opening the through and measures of these help the With Capital. of the transport freight the in changes significant continuously been had that aprocess infrastructure; existing the still performed intensively. performed still partly area, metropolitan of the settlements the in purposes such freight traffic from the territory of Budapest (with the exception the (with of Budapest territory from the traffic freight eastern sector of the M0 motorway the exclusion of all transit of all exclusion the motorway M0 of the sector eastern of freight transportation in Budapest. By reducing the number and number the reducing By Budapest. in transportation of freight of the previous years, but logistics and warehousing activities are activities warehousing and logistics but years, previous of the possible. become has connection) M0 and no. 10 road main of the introduced on the whole territory of Budapest, have brought brought have of Budapest, territory whole on the introduced Logistics developments have also started along the city borders borders city the along started also have developments Logistics were closed down and industrial sites abandoned in the so-called so-called the in abandoned sites industrial and down were closed makes accessing the city’s manufacturing and logistics sites easier. sites logistics and manufacturing city’s the accessing makes be conducted with licensed vehicles in possession of entry permits. of entry possession in vehicles licensed with conducted be length of the radial routes serving destination traffic served by served traffic destination serving routes radial of the length 4.2.5 SERVICES, CITY LOGISTICS TASKS LOGISTICS CITY SERVICES, TERRITORIAL AND TIME-BASED REGULATIONS OF LOGISTICS LOGISTICS OF REGULATIONS TIME-BASED AND TERRITORIAL A comprehensive city logistics concept has to be defined in order in defined to be has concept logistics city A comprehensive One of the most important elements of the city logistics concept logistics city of the elements important most of the One connected to the – only partially – implemented national road-toll national – implemented partially – only to the connected applied with the help of an intelligent technology-based system system technology-based of intelligent an help the with applied stopping through Inspection regulations. from complex apart and space. and an is of which use increasing the stores, retail serve areas) that urban logistics areas, but not serving the city per se, should be se, should per city the serving not but areas, logistics urban urban logistics system are the terminals (designated loading loading (designated terminals the are system logistics urban developments in the ‘brown zone’. ‘brown the in developments system, and also by using countrywide experience. countrywide using by also and system, service connections, and to regulate logistics services in both time time both in services logistics to regulate and connections, service urban to create background, services and institutional the to create supervision and organization IT-based to the devoted be should attention Especial background. logistics asignificant require that appeared have functions new and dynamic been has city the been has tasks logistics city's the serving of permits) issuance the Meanwhile, the development of public areas in certain parts of parts certain in areas of public development the Meanwhile, encouraged. This process may also be promoted by the increase increase the by promoted be also may process This encouraged. of supply along the outer logistics ring and by growing real-estate real-estate growing by and ring logistics outer the along of supply organized city logistics, which is a prioritized task of the next next of the task aprioritized is which logistics, city organized factor indispensable another is inspections through of controlling of urban freight traffic and to optimizing the use of designated of designated use the to optimizing and traffic freight of urban years. recent in changed barely has and for decades operating chain, logistics the in players of the interests the coordinating By increasing problem in the urban structure. The designated loading loading designated The structure. urban the in problem increasing In the freight traffic access system, the continuous development development continuous the system, access traffic freight the In vehicles is inadequate and obsolete; improved controlling must be must controlling improved obsolete; and inadequate is vehicles mainly 40-ton shipments, the relocation of sites operating on inner oninner operating of sites relocation the shipments, 40-ton mainly network and the connected regulatory background (for example, background regulatory connected the and network programming period of 2014-2030. An important part of the part of 2014-2030. important period An programming into developed be can practices traffic freight urban present pertains to designated loading areas: loading to designated pertains loading areas in public areas (which primarily serve basic functions). functions). basic serve primarily (which areas public in areas loading | | | | – – – – • • • •

making access easier access making ma of signals, system unified and unequivocal an developing utilization their balancing increasing their number king the legislative environment unequivocal environment legislative the king -

97 EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE 98 4.2.6 4.2.6 DEVELOPING AN INTELLIGENT CITY-LOGISTIC NETWORK CITY-LOGISTIC INTELLIGENT AN DEVELOPING To make night-time freight transport more appealing, surfaces surfaces appealing, more transport To freight night-time make of the use the supports that system of IT an introduction The conditions, which can help registered freight vehicles to plan their their to plan vehicles freight registered help can which conditions, congestion during the morning and afternoon peak hours. peak afternoon and morning the during congestion area beforehand, ensuring the submission of information on of information submission the ensuring beforehand, area developed and operated that is overall more reliable, safer, reliable, more more overall is that operated and developed deliveries are made at night in order to ease the problem of road problem the to ease order in night at made are deliveries by caused congestions the decrease can areas loading designated the needs of passengers better, a transportation system can be be can system better, atransportation of passengers needs the to know getting and services, its and infrastructure transport the monitoring manner, continuously aunified in transportation suitable for loading can be expanded and new areas can be included included be can areas new and expanded be can for loading suitable of city timing the of regulating purpose The congestion. and times be should (last-mile) of transport phase last the and transport weight. ontotal to restrictions subject not are that freight registering By arrivals. their calculate and routes shipping traffic oncurrent based routes and times travel defining systems, freight vehicles searching for parking and parking illegally orby illegally parking and for parking searching vehicles freight environmentally friendly, and more effective than presently. The presently. The than effective more and friendly, environmentally effective phase of freight transportation) shorter. The use of use shorter. The transportation) of freight phase effective other with integrated and, times, available and vacancy expected or used in combination (i.e. night bus lanes, taxi stations, etc.). stations, taxi lanes, bus night (i.e. combination in or used least the (i.e. delivery, individual to cut efficiently more organised By collecting, handling, and analysing the data of urban of urban data the analysing and handling, collecting, By intelligent transport systems contributes to the reduction of delivery of delivery reduction to the contributes systems transport intelligent loading the for reserving up opens posts), apossibility intelligent of installation the (with areas to loading support IT providing By distances. smaller with loading safe allows also this traffic; impeding various means of transport connected to urban freight traffic and traffic freight to urban connected of transport means various In freight transportation, the interface between long-distance long-distance between interface the transportation, freight In vehicles oneven those attained be can information more vehicles, logistics services is to make sure that most of the urban freight freight urban of the most to that sure make is services logistics | | | – – – • • •

introducing an IT support system (reserving times and provi and times (reserving system support IT an introducing regulations and conditions the clarifying and stores establishing unifying checks, making checks more stringent, and clarifying clarifying and stringent, more checks making checks, unifying approach into the licensing process) licensing the into approach ding information). ding the competency of performing checks of performing competency the for their subsequent operations (including the goods supply supply goods the (including operations subsequent for their - also contribute to the development of an advanced, environmentally environmentally of advanced, an development to the contribute also develop in detail the criteria for meeting regulated requirements in requirements regulated for meeting criteria the detail in develop to justified is it as just justified, is background freight qualified the future. To this end, the appearance of the city logistics network network logistics city of the appearance future. To the end, the this Regarding the regulatory background, the introduction of a introduction the background, regulatory the Regarding network. city-logistic friendly in the city has to be examined along the following lines: following the along examined to be has city the in can systems of intelligent spread The system. this into integrated be can infrastructure, railway the including elements, infrastructure | | | | | | – – – – – – • • • • • •

introducing intelligent posts that indicate loading areas and the the and areas loading indicate that posts intelligent introducing centres consolidation and points package designating periods congestion main outside deliveries supporting use into placing plannable the and vehicles of electric use the solutions emission harmful low and parameter vehicle optimal terminal final to the chain transport road public the connecting ("last mile,"("last metre") "last supporting IT systems IT supporting of transport) methods electric bicycles, (freight vehicles freight of alternative

99 EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE EVALUATION C.1 SUMMARY OF THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

100 Government Decree 2/2005 (I.11.) on Environmental Assessment sets a 101 requirement for a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for transport C development plans. No SEA was prepared for the former BKRFT prepared in 2009 and therefore, to make up for it the assessment was prepared for the whole plan. In the course of preparation of the Balázs Mór Plan, the assessment had to be performed for the final plan, as well, due to the modifications made during the review the strategic goals.

The SEA consists of two main parts. The first one is the environmental assessment of the components of the reviewed project list, where 36 projects were analysed by environmental experts. The outcome of the first part of the SEA is a recommendation, summarised in 15 points and detailed proposals in 19 points for each project and environmental component. These proposals point to the aspects that require extra attention in the course of the design, implementation and operation of each project. Those tasks are stated also in the regulations that set out the framework for detailed planning, and have no effect on strategic planning.

In terms of the Balázs Mór Plan, the second part of SEA is of greater importance, within the framework of which experts analysed to what extent the goals and objectives of BKRFT and the BMT fit in with the aims specified in the environmental policy plans of the Capital, more specifically, to what extent they are consistent with the nine environmental objectives of the thematic target programmes. The SEA refers to this comparison presented in a table as a ‘conformity matrix’. The purpose of the matrix is to present the degree of conformity between the two sets of objectives and whether or not the transport objectives serve the environmental strategic goals of the metropolis, and if there are any contradictions to the environmental objectives.

Scoring system: if the intervention clearly, directly and significantly 2 points supports the achievement of the objective if the intervention weakly or indirectly supports 1 point the achievement of the objective if the intervention has an overall neutral effect 0 point on the achievement of the objective if the intervention does not affect the achievement of the NR objective ? if the effect of the intervention cannot be judged “potential risk”, if the indirect effects of the intervention PR represent environmental, ecological risks if the intervention imposes a weak or indirect threat -1 point to the achievement of the objective if the intervention imposes a clear, direct and significant -2 point risk on the achievement of the objective ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS – TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT TRENDS CONFORMITY MATRIX ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS – OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVES CONFORMITY MATRIX

102 103 FKP (BUDAPEST ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMME) ENVIRONMENTAL THEMATIC TARGET PROGRAMMES FKP (BUDAPEST ENVIRONMENTAL 1–9 PROGRAMME) ENVIRONMENTAL THEMATIC TARGET PROGRAMMES 1–9

BMT STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES I–III Environment-conscious approach to production and consumption and to the use natural of resources. Reduction any of emission that contributes to climate change, adaptation to changing environmental conditions Environment and health – reduction noise of and air pollution Environmental quality Budapest of – land use and the protection the of built environment Preservation biodiversity, of nature and landscape protection Environmental goals, relating to sustainable land use in regional development and urban planning Protection and sustainable use resources water our of Enhancing the efficiency waste of management line in with environmental objectives Environmental safety and prevention – elimination extraordinary of environmental situations disaster and – reduction noise of and air pollution Environmental quality Budapest of – land use and the protection the of built environment biological diversity, of Preservation nature and landscape protection Environmental goals, relating to regional in use sustainable land development and urban planning Protection and sustainable resources water our of use Enhancing the efficiency waste of management linein with environmental objectives Environmental safety prevention – and elimination extraordinary of environmental and disaster situations AND INTERVENTION AREAS 1–4 Environment-conscious approach to production and consumption and to resources natural of the use Reduction any of emission that contributes to climate change, adaptation to changing environmental conditions Environment and health BMT OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVES 1–9 I. LIVEABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT 1.1 INTEGRATED NETWORK – transport development, integrated DEVELOPMENT through intelligent urban structural 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 2 into urban development by influencing 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 transport needs and mode selection, connections and through network reducing environmental pollution and development reducing traffic disproportionality enhancing equal opportunities 1.2 LIVEABLE PUBLIC SPACES II. SAFE, RELIABLE AND through the reliable and safe operation 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 DYNAMIC TRANSPORT and modernisation of transport networks, – the integrated development 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 and the redistribution of public spaces of transport modes through efficient organisation, stable financing and 1.3 INTEROPERABLE SYSTEMS target-oriented development AND COMFORTABLE III. COOPERATION IN REGIONAL INTERMODAL NODES CONNECTIONS through the introduction of comfortable intermodal nodes on the integrated transport networks, 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 2 – regional integration of Budapest 1 1 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 with the help of a transport system the establishment of interoperable systems, the that supports regional cooperation and passenger oriented development of intermodal strengthens economic competitiveness connections and mode switches as well as the improvement of tourist-oriented connections 1. MORE CONNECTIONS achieved by introducing new connections 2.1 COMFORTABLE AND as well as through the safe and reliable PASSENGER FRIENDLY VEHICLES development of the existing transport 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 2 through the renewal of the vehicle fleet 2 2 2 2 0 1 1 2 2 networks, the redistribution of public according to energy efficiency, accessibility areas and the development of passenger- aspect and reliable maintenance oriented intermodal connections 2.2 ENVIRONMENTALLY 2. ATTRACTIVE VEHICLES FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGIES through the encouragement of the 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 through a comfortable and passenger 2 2 2 2 0 1 1 2 2 friendly vehicle fleet and the dissemination dissemination of vehicle technology of environmentally friendly technologies solutions that support the climate policy 3. BETTER SERVICES 3.1 IMPROVING THE through an effectively organised QUALITY OF SERVICE and intelligent, widely available, 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 through normative financing, uniform 1 1 2 2 0 1 0 1 1 integrated transport system passenger information, harmonised that provides essential information timetables and expanding intelligent services 4. EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE 3.2 ACTIVE AWARENESS RAISING through consistent regulation, through facilitating conscious mode selection 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 and passenger friendly development 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 by providing up-to-date information and of national, regional and local customer-centred communication network connections 4.1 CONSISTENT REGULATION through a set of institutions and regulations 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 The completion of the table also shows whether the goals are defined that supports transport objectives specifically enough to assess the estimated environmental aspects of the 4.2 REGIONAL COOPERATION steps to be taken to achieve the particular goal. by facilitating the integration of regional 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 and large regional systems C.2 SUMMARY OF THE EX-ANTE EVALUATION Transport development is required in four intervention areas, i.e., infrastructure, vehicles, services and governance, in order to The ex-ante evaluation of the Balázs Mór Plan followed the achieve the three transport-specific objectives. In that respect, development of the plan from the BKRFT review process in 2009 the internal consistency of the target system did not have to be to its completion, then to the establishment of revised goals revealed separately in the framework of the ex-ante evaluation, and objectives. The current objectives of the Balázs Mór Plan because the BMT itself contains its explanation when it defines were identified gradually, and rely on the previously completed the nine operational objectives of the plan in connection with the 104 professional studies, their lessons, international experience 105 four intervention areas. The document lists the nine operational and recommendations, and mostly on the special and unique transport objectives based on the four intervention areas and geographic, social, institutional, etc. conditions of Budapest. attaches the measures to them. The ex-ante evaluation reflects international experience according The author of the ex-ante evaluation had regular consultations with to which, although an evaluation process has important key points, the authors of the plan and had already prepared a preliminary ex- it is not practical to complete the whole procedure by rigidly sticking ante evaluation at an earlier phase. The majority of the remarks to a particular procedure. Instead, the evaluation must be adapted made during the process have been integrated into the BMT. The to the type and conditions of the particular plan. The analysis of three issues that triggered professional disputes and led to conflicts the existing situation in the BMT also pointed out that even though of opinion are included in the detailed ex-ante evaluation. transport and its current status in Hungary and, more specifically, in Budapest depend a great deal on external circumstances, the While both the plan and its strategic environmental review went extent to which the specific framework conditions were assessed through extensive public consultation in the course of the previous and taken into account in the previous planning processes and plan-review, the period of preparation of the BMT between their efficiency within the available room for manoeuvre are at November 2013 and May 2014 was determined more by structure least equally as important. With the key problems identified on development, more specifically by the work processes of strategy the basis of the analysis of the existing situation, the authors of development. As soon as the draft plan for discussion is complete, the BMT pointed out fragmentation, regulatory inadequacies and another period of extensive involvement will follow. distorted fund allocation, the alteration of which is mainly in the In its current form, the BMT determines indicators only for the hands of the professionals and can be eliminated by improving their intervention areas. According to the author of the ex-ante approach and their work while, as a paradox, the essence of those evaluation, defining good indicators for the complex goals is steps is cooperation with others, the abandoning of a unilateral an important and urgent practical task and such indicators are professional approach, the understanding and acknowledgement definitely required. of more complex objectives and the serving of common inter- professional objectives. The completion and the spirit of the BMT represent a major progress in strategic transport planning for Budapest, yet it will have a real Consequently, on the basis of the analysis of the existing situation, impact only if the approach and the consequential principles will the BMT determined the objectives of the transport-specific be applied in the subsequent phases of programming, too. The strategy as three integration endeavours focusing on the urban projects will also be implemented in that spirit instead of building development objectives of the Capital. The ex-ante evaluation false strategic ideologies around definite project ideas. showed that the three types of integration, i.e., integration within transport, integration with urban development and integration of the Budapest region, can provide effective responses to the set of key problems relating to fragmentation and isolation. The BMT defines clear objectives for each integration area, always aiming at a liveable urban environment, safe and reliable transport services, and cooperation-based regional connections. SUMMARY OF THE MEASURES

SUMMARY OF 1. MORE CONNECTIONS

1.1 Integrated network development THE MEASURES 1.1.1 Public transport routes providing direct connections 1.1.2 Modernisation of the existing track-bound network 106 107 1.1.3 Connection of the separated parts of the city with new Danube bridges and grade-separated road-rail crossings 1.1.4 Construction of the missing components of the road network 1.1.5 Road reconstruction with a complex approach 1.1.6 Continuous main cycling network 1.1.7 Improving cycling interoperability, a cyclist-friendly secondary road network 1.1.8 Extension of the waterborne transport network and service infrastructure 1.1.9 Development of an intelligent city logistics network

1.2 Liveable public spaces 1.2.1 Developing major pedestrian connections 1.2.2 Improving the conditions of walking 1.2.3 Equal opportunities and accessibility 1.2.4 Accident free ‘forgiving’ environment 1.2.5 Developing zones with traffic calming and traffic restrictions 1.2.6 Differentiated development of the inner zone of Budapest (within the Hungária ring) 1.2.7 Safety and security, crime prevention

1.3 Interoperable systems and comfortable mode-switching points 1.3.1 Interoperable track-bound systems; urban and suburban rail network 1.3.2 Improving connections between the regional rail network and the urban track-bound network 1.3.3 Integration of the urban sections and the bypass sections of the national road network into the road network of Budapest 1.3.4 Facilitation of the urban integration of long-distance public transport 1.3.5 Integration of navigation into the public transport of the metropolitan area 1.3.6 Improving the accessibility of Budapest Liszt Ferenc coordination of services International Airport 3.1.5 Use of intelligent systems in public transport organising 1.3.7 Development of logistics centres, consolidation centres, 3.1.6 Operation and development of a public bicycle-sharing and their connections system, extension of cycling services 1.3.8 Development of national and regional cycling tourism 3.1.7 Extension of on-demand passenger transportation connections services 1.3.9 Development of intermodal centres and hubs in passenger 3.1.8 Development of consistent taxi services in Budapest 108 109 transport 3.1.9 Car-sharing 1.3.10 Providing the conditions for urban transport mode-­ 3.1.10 Urban transportation sanitation and public health tasks switching 1.3.11 Development of P+R car parks and B+R storage facilities 3.2 Active awareness-raising 3.2.1. Conscious mobility and transport safety education 2 ATTRACTIVE VEHICLES 3.2.2 Awareness-raising campaigns and communication 3.2.3 Customer service centres 2.1. Comfortable, passenger friendly vehicles 3.2.4 Presentation of transport heritage 2.1.1. Modernisation of the public transport vehicle fleet and its maintenance capacities 4. EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE 2.1.2. Accessible vehicles 2.1.3. Conditions of operation of the vehicles, depot 4.1. Consistent regulations developments 4.1.1. Further tasks in the transformation of the transport 2.1.2. More public transport vehicles, suitable for carrying institutions, normative and predictable financing of bicycles public transport 4.1.2. Economic and administrative incentives 2.2. Environmentally friendly technologies 4.1.3. Regulation of parking 2.2.1 Procurement of zero emission vehicles 4.1.4. Regulation of sightseeing vehicles and tourist buses 2.2.2 Support of environmentally friendly public transport 4.1.5. Integrated transport safety database technologies 2.2.3 More stringent environmental requirements for taxi 4.2. Regional cooperation transport services 4.2.1. Establishment of institutional relations to ensure an 2.2.4. Environmentally-friendly technologies in freight traffic adequate degree of integration of transport services within the Budapest region 3 BETTER SERVICES 4.2.2. Elaboration of an integrated traffic model 4.2.3. More stringent regulations for the zoning system which 3.1 Improving the quality of service is based on the total weight of vehicles and traffic 3.1.1. Consistent passenger information and other information restrictions based on environmental characteristics services 4.2.4. Operation and development of the freight transport 3.1.2. Automated fare-collection system (AFC system) access regulation system 3.1.3. Interoperable fare system and tariff community 4.2.5. Territorial and time-based regulations for logistics 3.1.4. Harmonisation of urban and suburban timetables and services, city logistics tasks DEFINITIONS, LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

DEFINITIONS, LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS: BKK Centre for Budapest Transport BKSZ Budapest Transport Association (the cooperation of regional public ABBREVIATIONS transport) BKRFT Development Plan for the Budapest Transport System 110 111 MOL Bubi Budapest Bicycle –the public bicycle-sharing system SKV Strategic Environmental Assessment SUMP Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan

DEFINITIONS AND EXPRESSIONS (IN THE CONTEXT OF THE BALÁZS MÓR PLAN): Accessibility Deliberate establishment or transformation of the environment in view of people with reducedmobility in order to assist them in any activity in which they are impeded. Backbone route One route of a public transport network that serves one territory and has the highest proportional capacity. Bus corridor A traffic lane dedicated for the exclusive use by buses taking part in scheduled public transport. Brown zone Abandoned industrial and other worksites. B+R parking Bike and Ride. A bicycle storage facility with an option to transfer to other public transport means. Carsharing A telematically controlled passenger car rental service, flexible in time and space, providing shared access to a particular fleet for registered users. City logistics Urban freight delivery management, organisation of commercial traffic in order to reduce environmental pollution. Commuter traffic Traffic generated during journeys to work and/ or an educational institution and back and during work and/or school. Congestion charge Traffic regulation tool which entails an obligation to pay a fee for entering or driving across a particular territory. Consolidation centre (distribution centre) A logistics establishment that is relatively close to the served area and from where permanent goods shipping is performed. The target of consolidation centres is to centrally reorganize certain activities related to freight traffic that affect urban transport in the interest of ensuring that the goods shipping to be implemented burden the city and its residents to the smallest possible degree regarding both traffic flow and negative environmental effects. Diagonal service A public transport service that crosses the town centre and has its terminuses outside the central zone. EURO environmental categories The acceptable limit of emission K+R station “Kiss and Ride” – a passenger car stopping place, levels by new vehicles sold in the Member States of the European available for use for a short period, which is constructed in the Union is expressed by limit values, stated in legal regulations. vicinity of a public transport stop in order to enable the passenger Since 1992, the limit values for emission have become stricter of the car to change directly to a public transport vehicle. and stricter, and are established separately for diesel and petrol Limited traffic zone Any zone where trucks, trailers, agricultural vehicles. trailers and slow vehicles exceeding the permitted largest total EuroVelo The network of 14 planned cycling touring routes across weight indicated on the sign may not operate. 112 113 Europe, defined by the European Cycling Federation (ECF). Line The scheduled route and stops of a service specified in the The routes serve cycling tourism and daily cycling traffic. The timetable. EuroVelo routes must have a specific consistent service quality Line indicator system A consistent system of the combination and uniform signs. The routes of the Hungarian sections are of numbers and/or letters to distinguish the services specified specified also in the Act on National Spatial Planning. Route No. in the timetable. 6 crosses Budapest (Rivers route). Measure The set of tasks ordered to the strategic goals that helps Feeder service A public transport service which was designed to in attaining the given target. Certain measures can also help provide further travel options through transferring to another, the implementation of more than one project. From the aspect generally backbone fixed-rail line of operative targets, a tool for realizing the target; from the Freight distribution Freight transportation, logistics: a freight aspect of the project, the target. transportation vehicle is loaded at the loading site and Metropolitan area Metropolitan area is a co-habiting, urbanised distributes goods to various sites. system of settlements, in which the centre and the surrounding Freight transport access fee Traffic regulation tool which settlements have close economic and infrastructural connections. entails an obligation to pay a fee for entering or driving across The largest metropolitan area in Hungary is Budapest and its a particular territory with a lorry/truck. (At present, it equals region. the fee payable for the operation of a truck with a total weight Mobility needs People’s needs to change places. greater than the total weight limitation, indicated with a sign, Mode switch Changing from one mode of transport to another. as authorised by the road management agency.) Motorised transport mode A collective concept for travel options Indicator An index or measure defined for indicating effects and where the vehicle is driven by an installed power machine. processes. Non-motorised transport mode Collective concept for walking Integrated network organisation Organisation of the transport and cycling. network in a way where the aspects of various subsectors and P+R car park The abbreviation comes from the English “Park & service providers are taken into account together. Ride” expression, which means exactly that. Intermodal hub An intersection of various transport modes It is a parking site that offers long-term parking and has been providing change/reloading options, coordinated in space. constructed specifically for enabling the users to change from a Intermodal transport Combination of various transport modes in passenger car to public transport. an ideal travel chain in terms of environment, finances and travel No parking charge may be applied in any car park, marked with time. the P+R sign, unless the car park is guarded as an additional Interoperability, interoperable transport Problem-free inter­ service. The guarding fee that may be collected for that ope­ra­bility between various systems. The various solutions additional service between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. on each calendar providing interoperability of vehicle systems include, e.g., different day cannot be higher than the lowest fare applied in public gauge, signalling, voltage level and pantograph systems, etc. transport available in the particular settlement. The essence of such transport is the ability of the vehicle used Protected zone A zone delineated in the manner set forth by by passengers to use different track and infrastructure systems Article 14 (1) n) of the KRESZ (with ‘entry prohibited’ signs from instead of the passenger changing vehicles. both directions) where access and parking is conditional. Public transport A transport system, which may be used by Traffic model Transport development planning tool. Due to the anyone who complies with the terms and conditions of travel. complexity of transport networks, each transport development Generally known branches: project has an effect on the social, economic and environmental – individual public transport e.g., taxi, carsharing, public features of the city. Traffic modelling is a tool for analysing bicycles. those effects. – collective public transport transport mode which is Traffic modelling is the phase of presentation of transport effects conducted by public transport vehicles (e.g., buses with a in which the decisions stemming from social and economic 114 capacity to carry more than nine passengers). environment, leading to the daily movements of people, are Priority Focus or intervention area of EU development. modelled. Thus the analysis focuses on the quantity of movements Railcars on bogies Railcar, the chassis and driving units of which within a particular area (zone) and the volume of traffic from are formed in a turning framework structure. one zone to another and its distribution by route and transport Rail route Part of the state railway network. mode and where the expected effects of transport measures are Rolling stock The general definition used for iron-wheel vehicles forecasted. involved in track-bound transport. Traffic planning Conscious shaping of transport means, Running dynamics A feature reflecting the movement, acceleration infrastructure and their use, strategic and detailed planning of and deceleration capacities of a vehicle. future transport services based on professional methodology. S-Bahn concept A concept for the development of an integrated Traffic surveillance Operational control of road and public rapid rail network for Budapest and its surrounding area, transport in order to facilitate problem -free traffic and to prepared in 2009. eliminate problems as quickly as possible. Suburbanisation The process during which the residents and then the Transport corridor The scene of transport movements. businesses and services move out from the city into surrounding Transport mode The means for mobility (walking, cycling, public smaller settlements. transport, passenger car, truck, etc.). Sub-sectoral objectives The objectives of the various branches Travel chain Consecutive use of transport modes from departure of transport (individual, public and road, rail, waterborne and point to the destination. air transport). Walking distance to public transport stop The distance Tariff community Common fare payment system of various between the departure point of the trip and the closest stop of subsectors and service providers designed on the basis of the used public transport means. integrated principles. White Paper A strategic document adopted by the European Terminal station A station from where vehicles can move on Commission in 2011 with the subtitle “Road Map to a Single only if they change direction. European Transport Area – Towards a Competitive and Resource Time-based ticket A fare product which is priced according to Efficient Transport System”. (In general: the final version of the the time spent in travelling. strategic documents of the EU Commission) Track-bound infrastructure All transport means that require Zero emission Operation without the emission of any harmful tracks, cables and/or overhead wires for operation, and where substances. the vehicles may move only along the longitudinal axis or slightly departing from it. Traffic calming Reduction of the volume and speed of road traffic and influencing its composition with traffic control tools. BALÁZS MÓR PLAN 2014–2030 Budapest Mobility Plan, Volume I: Objectives and Measures

The plan was prepared for Municipality of Budapest by BKK Centre for Budapest Transport based on the authorisation and programme of Mayor István Tarlós.

Responsible: Dr. Kálmán Dabóczi, Chef Executive Officer Zoltán Nyul, Director of Strategy and Innovation

Authors and collaborators: Melinda Ábel, Szilvia Andrássy, Virág Bencze-Kovács, György Benda, András Berger, Zoltán Bukovics, Gábor Deák, Dr. Zsolt Denke, Bálint Dományi, Edgár Dürr, Balázs Édes, Éva Gerle, László Gelencsér, Tünde Hajnal, Gergely Horn, Ivett Ivády, Norbert Faniszló, Balázs Fejes, Ferenc Friedl, László Sándor Kerényi, József Kéthelyi, Attila Kozó, Gergely Krizsó, Tamás Mátrai, Bálint Molnár, Dávid Nyitrai, Imre Pásti, András Pirityi, Patrik Pék, András Pók, Zoltán Potzner, Soma Rétfalvi, Zita Révay-Draskovich, Dániel Ruppert, Ákos Schneider, Noémi Soltész, László Somodi, Tamás Strang, Szabina Tóth, András Törcsi, Dávid Vitézy

Based on the review of the Development Plan for the Budapest Transport System (2013), which was prepared by the consortium (FŐM TERV Mérnöki Zrt., Közlekedés Fővárosi Tervező Iroda Kft., PRO URBE Mérnöki és Várostervezési Kft.) commissioned by BKK.

Experts: Lajos Dorner, Dr. Tamás Fleischer, Dr. János Kerékgyártó, Dr. Tamás Lukovich, László Molnár. We would like to thank the staff of the Budapest Collection of the Szabó Ervin Public Library of Budapest for all their assistance.

Graphics and design: Anita Nemes The pictures and illustrations not separately indicated are owned by BKK. Published by BKK Budapesti Közlekedési Központ Zrt.

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© BKK 2015 BALÁZS MÓR PLAN BUDAPEST

MOBILITY PLAN 2014–2030 BALÁZS MÓR PLAN I. Volume 1 Objectives and Measures BUDAPEST MOBILITY PLAN 2014–2030