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History Quiz a Presentation by Neil Martin to the KEU3A Local History Group on 18Th January 2017

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History Quiz a Presentation by Neil Martin to the KEU3A Local History Group on 18Th January 2017 History Quiz A presentation by Neil Martin to the KEU3A Local History Group on 18th January 2017 KINGSBRIDGE ESTUARY LOCAL HISTORY After the quiz, we will take a few minutes to discuss if any of these topics might be of interest for future Society meetings? 1 Question 1 Where would you find a Celtic hilltop fort close to Kingsbridge? Blackdown Rings (or Loddiswell Rings) was built around 400BC by the Celts The reason for the emergence of hill forts in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate 2 The Celts or Keltoi – as branded by the Ancient Greeks in about 500 BC – built chains of hilltop forts for defence and settlement in Devon and vestiges of these remain around Kingsbridge and Salcombe Keltoi were banded together on the basis of their language The Blackdown Rings are the earthworks of an Iron Age hill fort near the hamlet of Hazelwood in Devon, England. The fort is situated on a hilltop approximately 185 metres above sea level, in a commanding position above the River Avon. For information, there are over 100 recorded Iron Age or older sites within 30 km of the Blackdown Hills: • 5.2km E 92° Halwell Camp South West* Hillfort (SX77255165) 5.4km E 89° Ritson Barrows Barrow Cemetery (SX77435204) 5.7km NW 298° Ugborough Parish Church Prehistoric Earthwork* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX67755575) 6.5km E 82° Halwell Camp North East* Hillfort (SX784532) 7.3km SW 238° Bigbury Tumuli Barrow Cemetery (SX667470) 8.2km NW 297° Cantrell* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX657572) 8.2km SW 244° Marwell St. Mary's Well* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX653472) 8.3km W 274° Holy Well, Ermington* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX6380853189) 8.6km NW 308° Ugborough Beacon Cairns Cairn (SX667588) 8.6km NW 301° Cuckoo Ball Chambered Tomb* Chambered Tomb (SX659581) 8.9km NW 304° Butterdon Hill Long Cairn* Long Barrow (SX66015859) 9.3km NW 302° Butterdon Hill Cairns* Cairn (SX655587) 9.4km NW 303° Butterdon Stone Circle* Stone Circle (SX65555880) 9.4km NW 306° Butterdon East Stone Row / Alignment (SX65905920) 9.6km NW 312° Scad Brook Ancient Village or Settlement (SX66685998) 9.6km NW 306° Butterdon Hill Cist* Cist (SX65785934) 9.7km NW 301° Weatherdon Hill Ring Cairn (SX65165889) 9.7km NW 305° Butterdon Hill Barrow* Round Barrow(s) (SX657594) 9.7km W 263° Holbury Camp (Devon) Hillfort (SX62385049) 9.8km N 343° Brent Hill* Hillfort (SX704617) 10.0km NW 307° Spurrells Cross Cairn Circle* Stone Circle (SX658598) 10.0km NW 306° Butterdon Hill Row* Stone Row / Alignment (SX65555970) 10.0km NW 308° Spurrell's Cross* Ancient Cross (SX659600) 10.1km NW 313° Lower Glasscombe* Cist (SX66516050) 10.1km NW 308° Spurrells Cross Row* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX658600) 10.3km NW 301° Butter Brook* Standing Stone (Menhir) (SX64725926) 10.4km NW 304° Harford S* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX651598) 10.4km NW 305° Butterbrook* Stone Row / Alignment (SX652599) 10.5km NW 305° Harford Moor N* Stone Row / Alignment (SX651599) 10.5km NW 309° Glasscombe Ball SW* Stone Row / Alignment (SX657604) 10.5km NW 320° Treeland Brake* Stone Row / Alignment (SX673614) 10.5km NW 316° Corringdon Ball South* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX66656110) 10.6km NW 318° Ball Gate* Ring Cairn (SX67006131) 10.6km NW 312° Glasscombe Ball NE* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX661608) 10.6km NW 312° Glasscombe Corner* Stone Row / Alignment (SX661608) 10.6km NW 316° Corringdon Ball Central* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX66656115) 10.6km NW 301° Harford settlement* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX644594) 10.6km NW 308° Hobajons Cross* Standing Stone (Menhir) (SX655604) 10.6km NW 316° Corringdon Ball SE* Stone Circle (SX66666120) • 10.6km NW 319° Corringdon Ball Tomb* Chambered Tomb (SX670614) 10.6km NW 316° Corringdon Ball* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX66646121) 10.7km NW 316° Corringdon Ball N.* Stone Row / Alignment (SX666612) •10.7km NW 302° Harford Moor Stone Circle (SX645596) 10.7km NW 316° Corringdon Ball NW* Stone Circle (SX66656125) 10.7km NW 317° Brent Fore Hill* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX667613) 10.8km NW 315° Upper Glazebrook* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX66366126) 10.9km SW 233° Burgh Island fort Promontory Fort / Cliff Castle (SX647439) •10.9km SW 233° Burgh Island fort Promontory Fort / Cliff Castle (SX647439) 10.9km NW 309° The Longstone (Piles Hill)* Standing Stone (Menhir) (SX654607) 11.1km NW 304° Lower Piles* Stone Circle (SX645602) 11.1km NW 309° Piles Hill Cairns* Cairn (SX653609) 11.1km NW 310° Piles Hill NE* Stone Row / Alignment (SX654610) 11.3km NW 322° Hickley Ridge Central* Cist (SX67256225) 11.3km NW 323° Hickley Ridge East* Cist (SX67406238) 11.4km NW 318° Hickley Ridge West Cist (SX66596203) 11.4km NW 304° Lower Piles Enclosed Settlement Ancient Village or Settlement (SX64376048) 11.4km N 345° Tynacombe Ring Cairn (SX70376328) 11.4km NE 5° Leech Wells* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX799603) 11.4km NW 308° Piles Hill W* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX649610) 11.6km NW 301° Burford Down (Tritis Rock) Cairn (SX63776015) 11.6km NW 301° Burford Down Stone Circle (SX637601) 11.6km NW 301° Burford Down* Stone Row / Alignment (SX637601) 11.7km SE 118° Slapton Castle Hillfort (SX808443) 11.8km NE 56° Totnes Museum* Museum (SX8030060419) 12.1km NW 311° Shap Tor North East Stone Row / Alignment (SX65006188) 12.2km NW 328° Black Tor SW Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX677634) 12.2km NW 304° Stalldown South East Stone Row / Alignment (SX63756107) 12.4km NW 304° Stalldown Ancient Village or Settlement (SX63706120) 12.5km NW 314° Three Barrows (Ugborough Moor)* Cairn (SX65316259) 12.7km NW 331° Brent Moor House Cist (SX68026404) 13.0km NW 310° Three Barrows West prehistoric settlement* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX64466258) 13.0km NW 330° Riders Rings* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX67876436) •13.1km N 346° Skerraton Down Round Cairn (SX703650) 13.2km N 339° Harbourne Head Stone Circle (SX691649) 13.2km NW 307° Hillson's House* Cairn (SX63666228) 13.3km SW 211° Bolt Tail Hillfort (SX670397) 13.3km N 343° Harbourne Head Standing Stone* Standing Stone (Menhir) (SX697651) 13.3km N 339° Harbourne Head cairns* Barrow Cemetery (SX691650) 13.3km NW 306° Stalldown Ring Cairn Ring Cairn (SX63536231) 13.4km NW 333° Gripper's Hill Ancient Village or Settlement (SX68156486) 13.5km NW 305° Stalldon Row* Stone Row / Alignment (SX632623) 13.6km NW 306° Stall Moor SW Stone Circle (SX63246241) 13.6km NW 320° Knatta Barrow Ring Cairn (SX65956420) 13.8km NW 304° Stalldown West* Cist (SX62836233) 13.9km NW 337° Gripper's Hill Cairn Circle* Ring Cairn (SX68656550) 14.1km NW 332° Dean Moor Enclosed Settlement* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX67766545) 14.1km NW 311° Dry Lake North Settlement* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX639636) 14.2km NW 308° Stalldown North* Cairn (SX63276323) 14.2km NW 332° Brockhill Ford* Cairn (SX678656) 14.2km NW 325° Eastern White Barrow Cairn Cairn (SX66546516) 14.3km NW 304° Harrowthorn* Cairn (SX62456265) 14.3km NW 298° Rook Tor Stone Circle (SX612614) 14.4km NW 332° Brockhill Settlement* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX677657) 14.5km W 292° Delamore House dolmen* Modern Stone Circle / Monolith (SX5991760112) 14.5km NW 310° Blatchford Brook Foot Settlement* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX635638) 14.7km W 274° Wasteberry Camp Hillfort (SX5738854066) 14.9km NW 307° Ranny Brookhead Cist* Cist (SX62616354) 15.0km NW 321° Western White Barrow* Cairn (SX65366547) 15.0km NW 302° Dendles Waste Cairn (SX61536279) 15.0km NW 306° Ranny Brook Enclosure Ancient Village or Settlement (SX62326354) 15.0km NW 312° Stall Moor circle* Stone Circle (SX63516444) 15.1km NW 312° Upper Erme Row* Stone Row / Alignment 3 Question 2 After the Norman invasion of 1066 who became the major land owners of the lands around Kyngysbrygge, or as it is better known, Kingsbridge? Any clues now? After the Norman invasion of 1066 lands around Kingsbridge passed to the Abbots of Buckfast Abbey (Church of St Mary) Question 3 Henry VI issued a charter in the mid-15th century to allow Kingsbridge to hold some event weekly and annually, what was it? Henry VI granted a charter conferring the right for an annual fair and a weekly market to be held in the town 4 King of England twice 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453 Henry VI, aged nine months, is shown being placed in the care of the Earl of Warwick Mid-15th century depiction of Henry being crowned King of France 5 Question 4 To the nearest 10, how many houses were reported in Kingsbridge in the mid 1600’s? By the 17th century Kingsbridge had 100 houses 6 In 1586 a map shows a well- organised main street with the market and pillory in front of the church and long back gardens extending down to the streams on either side. First town plan of Kingsbridge Question 5 What was the previous name for the Crabshell area? The estuary was not as we see it today …….. Early photo of the Crabshell – 8:00am 7 In Kingsbridge and Salcombe, formal shipyards were constructed. In Kingsbridge these occupied the foreshores known as Bond’s Quay, now the Crabshell …. the area became a bustling port with a large transhipment of goods together with many shipbuilding yards along its banks Early photo of Bond’s Quay, Kingsbridge 8 Bond’s Quay with paddle steamer Question 6 What is a Turnpike Trust? A turnpike is literally a defensive frame of pikes that can be turned to allow passage of horses, but in this context it refers to a gate set across the road to stop carts until a toll was paid 9 • The poor state of the roads had always made travel inland slow and difficult and it wasn’t until the
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