DOCSLIB.ORG

Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople, Which Operated Between 1895 and 1914

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople, Which Operated Between 1895 and 1914 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by LSE Theses Online 1 The London School of Economics and Political Science BYZANTINE HERITAGE, ARCHAEOLOGY, AND POLITICS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: RUSSIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE IN CONSTANTINOPLE (1894-1914) Pınar Üre A dissertation submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics and Political Science for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September 2014. 2 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 77,540 words. 3 Abstract This dissertation will analyse the history of the Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople, which operated between 1895 and 1914. Established under the administrative structure of the Russian Embassy in Constantinople, the institute occupied a place at the intersection of science and politics. Focusing nearly exclusively on Byzantine and Slavic antiquities in the Ottoman Empire, the activities of the institute reflected the imperial identity of Russia at the turn of the century. As was explicitly expressed by Russian diplomats, bureaucrats, and scholars, the establishment of an archaeological institution in the Ottoman capital was regarded as a foreign policy tool to extend Russia’s influence in the Near East, a tool of “soft power” in modern parlance. On the Ottoman side, foreign archaeological activities were regarded with suspicion especially in the later part of the 19th century. In an attempt to preserve its vulnerable sovereignty, Ottoman Empire closely monitored foreign archaeological activities on its territories. For the Ottoman Empire, archaeology was also a way of projecting its image as a modern, Westernised empire. For both Russian and Ottoman archaeologists, European scholarship was regarded as an example that should be followed, and a rival at the same time. Russian archaeologists had to close down their office with the outbreak of World War I. The complications that arose with the disintegration of the institute were solved only in the late 1920s between the Soviet Union and Republican Turkey, under completely different political circumstances. 4 Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................. 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Chapter 1: Regenerating Distant Past: Nationalist and Imperialist Uses of Ancient History in the 19th Century .............................................................................................................. 19 Chapter 2: The Double-Headed Eagle: Interest in Byzantine Antiquities in Russia and the Ottoman Empire ............................................................................................................................ 47 2.1 Academic Archaeology in the Russian Empire ................................................................... 48 2.2 Archaeology in the Black Sea Region .................................................................................... 54 2.3 Byzantine Studies in the Russian Empire ............................................................................. 60 2.4 Byzantine Studies in the Ottoman Empire ............................................................................ 84 2.5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 90 Chapter 3: Archaeology in the Ottoman Empire: Cultural Property as a Symbol of Sovereignty............................................................................................................................................ 93 3.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 123 Chapter 4: At the Intersection of Science and Politics: The Establishment of the Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople ............................................................... 125 Chapter 5: Expeditions of the Russian Archaeological Institute and Contacts with Ottoman Authorities ......................................................................................................................... 170 5.1 Studies in Constantinople ........................................................................................................ 205 5.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 209 Chapter 6: On the Eve of the Balkan Wars: Archaeology in the Midst of Political Unrest .................................................................................................................................................... 215 6.1 The Establishment of the Slavic Department within RAIK ........................................... 223 6.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 233 Chapter 7: The Doom of Empires: The Fate of the Russian Archaeological Institute After 1914 ............................................................................................................................................ 235 7.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 257 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 259 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................... 271 5 Acknowledgements Ph.D. is a long and difficult journey, but I was lucky enough to be supported by a wonderful group of people. It would not have been possible to write this thesis without the help of a number of individuals, who are too many to name. Unfortunately, I will be able to name only a few of them here. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Dominic Lieven for his helpfulness, his never-ending support and encouragement through the twists and turns of the Ph.D. process. His supervision provided me with invaluable academic insight and guidance. I also would like to thank Prof. Simon Dixon from UCL and Prof. Peter Waldron from UEA for their valuable comments during my viva. I would like to extend thanks to my colleagues at the International History Department at the LSE. I feel very lucky to be part of such an intellectually stimulating and socially supportive community. I am also grateful to my colleagues at Istanbul Kemerburgaz University. Without their support, my research in Russia would be impossible. I would like to extend special thanks to Dr. Bianca Kaiser and Prof. Aysu İnsel for their support during my research in Russia. I am especially grateful to my colleagues at Istanbul Kemerburgaz University for making me feel a part of the family and for bearing with me whenever I went through the typical existential crises of a Ph.D. student. Special thanks to Prof. Kaan Ökten and the members of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences for their invaluable mentorship and for helping me get ready for the Ph.D. examination. I also owe thanks to Adil Usturalı, Anıl Üstünel, Emre Sünter and Gülay Erdoğan for their academic and personal support. I also owe thanks to the staff of Istanbul Archaeological Museums for making the marvellous museum library available for me. In particular, I am indebted to Havva Koç, who shared her deep knowledge with me. I would like to express my gratitude to the staff of the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of Russian Academy of Sciences. I am indebted to Maria Karacaören for helping me decipher the mostly unintelligible hand-writing of Russian archaeologists. I am grateful to my friend and colleague Natasha Telepneva and her family for their hospitality during my research in St. Petersburg. 6 I would like to thank Prof. Peter Holquist from the University of Pennsylvania for his valuable academic support in the very first years of my Ph.D. career. I also would like to thank Prof. Hakan Kırımlı from Bilkent University, Turkey for being there and giving me strength whenever I needed. On a personal note, I would like to thank all the wonderful people I met in Ankara, Istanbul, London, Philadelphia and St. Petersburg, who supported me in one way or another during my Ph.D. journey. They include, but are not limited to, Aslı Yiğit, Başak Taraktaş, Berkay Gülen, Büşra Arslantaş, Çağlayan Arslan, Durukan
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Manual for Neolithic Childhood. Art in a False Present, C. 1930 PDF / 948 Kb
    A01 The Crisis B18 Children’s Sergei Eisenstein (of Everything) Drawings and Max Ernst A02 Picture Atlas the Questions T. Lux Feininger Projects of the of Origins Julio González 1920sNeolithic (Propyläen B19 The ChildhoodS/O John Heartfield Kunstgeschichte, Function Florence Henri Orbis Pictus, B20 Pornophilia Barbara Hepworth Kulturen der B21 Occultism Hannah Höch ArtErde, Das inBild, aB22 False Automatism, Present,Heinrich Hoerle and Handbuch Dream, Halluci­ Harry O. Hoyt der Kunstwissen­ nation, Hypnosis Valentine Hugo schaft) B23c. Image 1930 Space of Paul Klee A03 Art Historical Biology Germaine Krull Images of His­ B24 Artistic Research: Fernand Léger tory and World Ethnology, Helen Levitt Art Stories Archaeology, Eli Lotar A04 From Ethnolo­ Physics Len Lye gical Art History B25 Gesture– André Masson to the New “a flash in slow Joan Miró Ethnographic motion through Max von Moos Museums centuries of Rolf Nesch A05 Models of evolution”: Sergei Solomon Nikritin Tempo rality Eisenstein’s Richard Oelze A06 Functions of the Method Wolfgang Paalen “Primitive” B26 The Expedition Jean Painlevé A07 The Art of the as a Medium of Alexandra Povòrina “Primitives” the Avant­Garde Jean Renoir A08 The Precise (Dakar–Djibouti Gaston­Louis Roux Conditionality and Subsequent Franz Wilhelm of Art Missions) Seiwert A09 Carl Einstein, B27 Ethnology of the Kurt Seligmann “Handbuch der White Man? Kalifala Sidibé Kunst” B28 Theories of Fas­ Jindřich Štyrský A10 “The Ethnologi­ cism in France Toyen cal Study of Art”: B29 Fascist Anti­ Raoul Ubac African Sculpture Primitivism: Frits Van den Berghe A11 Archaeology as a “Degenerate Paule Vézelay Media Event Art,” 1937 Wols A12 Prehistory in the B30 Braque/ Catherine Yarrow Abyss of Time Einstein: World A13 The Prehistory Condensation C33 The “Exposition of Art: Rock B31 The Two Lives coloniale inter­ Drawings and of Myth nationale” and Cave Painting B32 Ur­Communism, the Anti­Colo­ A14 The Paleolithic/ Expenditure, nialist Impulse Neolithic Age: Proletarianization C34 Afromodernism Mankind’s and “Self­ Childhood? James L.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian Legitimation Formula - 1991-2000
    THE RUSSIAN LEGITIMATION FORMULA - 1991-2000 Carolina Vendil The Government Department LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE Thesis submitted for PhD degree Supervisor: Professor Dominic Lieven Advisor: Professor Rodney Barker - 1 - UMI Number: U174000 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U174000 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Ti-f£$£ IP ^6^771 Abstract The Russian legitimation formula contains the arguments the Russian leadership advanced to promote its state-building project between 1991 and 2000. The period of investigation coincides with Yeltsin’s presidency. The focus is on how the legitimation rhetoric was adjusted both to changing circumstances over time and to three main audiences: the Russian domestic population, the Russian domestic elites and the international community. In order to analyse the contents of the legitimation formula a framework was developed which divided the different arguments used by the Russian leadership into six main categories (democratic, national, charismatic, eudaemonic, external and negative arguments). The material selected for analysis had to relate to basic features of statehood.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Follows Labour: Nikolai Marr's Materialist Palaeontology Of
    https://doi.org/10.37050/ci-20_06 ELENA VOGMAN Language Follows Labour Nikolai Marr’s Materialist Palaeontology of Speech CITE AS: Elena Vogman, ‘Language Follows Labour: Nikolai Marr’s Mater- ialist Palaeontology of Speech’, in Materialism and Politics, ed. by Bernardo Bianchi, Emilie Filion-Donato, Marlon Miguel, and Ayşe Yuva, Cultural Inquiry, 20 (Berlin: ICI Berlin Press, 2021), pp. 113–32 <https://doi.org/10.37050/ci-20_06> RIGHTS STATEMENT: Materialism and Politics, ed. by Bernardo Bi- © by the author(s) anchi, Emilie Filion-Donato, Marlon Miguel, and Ayşe Yuva, Cultural Inquiry, 20 (Berlin: Except for images or otherwise noted, this publication is licensed ICI Berlin Press, 2021), pp. 113–32 under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Interna- tional License. ABSTRACT: This chapter invites the reader to rediscover Nikolai Marr’s scientific work, which is situated at the intersection of archaeology, lin- guistics, and anthropological language theory. Marr’s linguistic mod- els, which Sergei Eisenstein compared to a reading of Joyce’s Ulysses, underwent however multiple waves of critique. His heterodox mater- ialism, originating in an archaeological vision of history and leading to a speculative ‘palaeontology of speech’, reveals a complex vision of time, one traversed by ‘survivals’ and anachronisms. KEYWORDS: palaeontology; gesture; survival; linear speech; material culture; linguistic theory; materialism; historiography; social conflict; Benjamin, Walter; Marr, Nikolai The ICI Berlin Repository is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the dissemination of scientific research documents related to the ICI Berlin, whether they are originally published by ICI Berlin or elsewhere. Unless noted otherwise, the documents are made available under a Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 4.o International License, which means that you are free to share and adapt the material, provided you give appropriate credit, indicate any changes, and distribute under the same license.
    [Show full text]
  • Mother Tongue: Linguistic Nationalism and the Cult of Translation in Postcommunist Armenia
    University of California, Berkeley MOTHER TONGUE: LINGUISTIC NATIONALISM AND THE CULT OF TRANSLATION IN POSTCOMMUNIST ARMENIA Levon Hm. Abrahamian Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Working Paper Series This PDF document preserves the page numbering of the printed version for accuracy of citation. When viewed with Acrobat Reader, the printed page numbers will not correspond with the electronic numbering. The Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies (BPS) is a leading center for graduate training on the Soviet Union and its successor states in the United States. Founded in 1983 as part of a nationwide effort to reinvigorate the field, BPSs mission has been to train a new cohort of scholars and professionals in both cross-disciplinary social science methodology and theory as well as the history, languages, and cultures of the former Soviet Union; to carry out an innovative program of scholarly research and publication on the Soviet Union and its successor states; and to undertake an active public outreach program for the local community, other national and international academic centers, and the U.S. and other governments. Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies University of California, Berkeley Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies 260 Stephens Hall #2304 Berkeley, California 94720-2304 Tel: (510) 643-6737 [email protected] http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~bsp/ MOTHER TONGUE: LINGUISTIC NATIONALISM AND THE CULT OF TRANSLATION IN POSTCOMMUNIST ARMENIA Levon Hm. Abrahamian Summer 1998 Levon Abrahamian is a Professor of Anthropology and head of the project Transfor- mations of Identity in Armenia in the 20th Century at the Institute of Ethnography of Yer- evan State University.
    [Show full text]
  • Heineman Royal Ancestors Medieval Europe
    HERALDRYand BIOGRAPHIES of the HEINEMAN ROYAL ANCESTORS of MEDIEVAL EUROPE HERALDRY and BIOGRAPHIES of the HEINEMAN ROYAL ANCESTORS of MEDIEVAL EUROPE INTRODUCTION After producing numerous editions and revisions of the Another way in which the royal house of a given country familiy genealogy report and subsequent support may change is when a foreign prince is invited to fill a documents the lineage to numerous royal ancestors of vacant throne or a next-of-kin from a foreign house Europe although evident to me as the author was not clear succeeds. This occurred with the death of childless Queen to the readers. The family journal format used in the Anne of the House of Stuart: she was succeeded by a reports, while comprehensive and the most popular form prince of the House of Hanover who was her nearest for publishing genealogy can be confusing to individuals Protestant relative. wishing to trace a direct ancestral line of descent. Not everyone wants a report encumbered with the names of Unlike all Europeans, most of the world's Royal Families every child born to the most distant of family lines. do not really have family names and those that have adopted them rarely use them. They are referred to A Royal House or Dynasty is a sort of family name used instead by their titles, often related to an area ruled or by royalty. It generally represents the members of a family once ruled by that family. The name of a Royal House is in various senior and junior or cadet branches, who are not a surname; it just a convenient way of dynastic loosely related but not necessarily of the same immediate identification of individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Bringing Methodology to the Fore: the Anglo-Georgian Expedition to Nokalakevi Paul Everill, Nikoloz Antidze, Davit Lomitashvili, Nikoloz Murgulia
    Bringing methodology to the fore: The Anglo-Georgian Expedition to Nokalakevi Paul Everill, Nikoloz Antidze, Davit Lomitashvili, Nikoloz Murgulia Abstract The Anglo-Georgian Expedition to Nokalakevi has been working in Samegrelo, Georgia, since 2001, building on the work carried out by archaeologists from the S. Janashia Museum since 1973. The expedition has trained nearly 250 Georgian and British students in modern archaeological methodology since 2001, and over that same period Georgia has changed enormously, both politically and in its approach to cultural heritage. This paper seeks to contextualise the recent contribution of British archaeological methodology to the rich history of archaeological work in Georgia, and to consider the emergence of a dynamic cultural heritage sector within Georgia since 2004. Introduction A small village in the predominantly rural, western Georgian region of Mingrelia (Samgrelo) hosts a surprising and spectacular historic site. A fortress supposedly established by Kuji, a semi-mythical ruler of west Georgia in the vein of the British King Arthur, provides the stage for the story of an alliance with King Parnavaz of east Georgia (Iberia) and the overthrow of Hellenistic overlords. As a result Nokalakevi has become a potent political symbol of a united, independent Georgia and a backdrop to presidential campaign launches. Known as Tsikhegoji in the Mingrelian dialect, meaning Fortress/ Castle of Kuji, the Byzantine name Archaeopolis (old city) mirrors the literal meaning of the Georgian name, Nokalakevi – ruins where a town was – in suggesting that, even when the Laz and their Byzantine allies fortified the site in the 4th, 5th and 6th centuries AD, the ruins of the Hellenistic period town may have still been visible.
    [Show full text]
  • Stephano Torelli's “Coronation Portrait of Catherine II”: Crowns As a Visual Formula of the Lands of the Russian Empire
    UDC 75.04 Вестник СПбГУ. Искусствоведение. 2020. Т. 10. Вып. 2 Stephano Torelli’s “Coronation Portrait of Catherine II”: Crowns as a Visual Formula of the Lands of the Russian Empire* E. A. Skvortcova Saint Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation For citation: Skvortcova, Ekaterina. “Stephano Torelli’s ‘Coronation Portrait of Catherine II’: Crowns as a Visual Formula of the Lands of the Russian Empire”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 2 (2020): 274–299. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2020.206 The “Coronation portrait of Catherine II” by Stephano Torelli introduces a new type of ico- nography of the Russian Empress in which she appears as a bearer of multiple (i. e. four) crowns. Whereas originally such a portrait type in European art served as a representation of the several titles of the ruler and correspondent lands joined in a personal union, it became a representation of the titles of Catherine II as the Russian Empress and tsarina of the conquered tsarstva of Kazan, Astrakhan and Siberia. The theme of titles and lands of the Empire had al- ready developed in 18th-century Russia in other forms (allegorical figures, coats-of-arms) and visual media (decorative painting and sculpture). Circa 10 examples collected here for the first time are set side by side with their European counterparts. Three types of representations of native and conquered territories emerged in which the very choice of particular titles and the place of their symbolic representation in composition accentuated different aspects in the con- cept of the Russian Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • TG Vol 7 No 1 for Print.Pub
    CHRISTADELPHIAN TRUTH GLEANER BIBLICAL ~ HISTORICAL ~ CURRENT “Buy the truth and sell it not; Also wisdom, and instruction, and understanding.” Proverbs 23:23 VOLUME VII ISSUE NO. 1, 2008 Russian Gog and the Day of the Scythians Volume VII, Issue No. 1 CHRISTADELPHIAN TRUTH GLEANER CONTENTS • The LORD is My Shepherd (Part 3)……………………………………………..p. 2 • Watchman: Russian Gog and the Day of the Scythians………………..…..…..p. 4 • Fundamental Questions and Answers: Holy Spirit Gifts, A Possession of the Modern Believer?..................................p. 24 • Biblical Allegories: Samuel’s Three Signs to Saul…………………...…...…..p. 29 The LORD is My Shepherd (Part 3) In this installment we continue our consideration of “the shepherd and his sheep”, beginning at verse 3 of the 23rd Psalm. The Shepherd and His Sheep (Continued) Vs 3. He Restoreth my Soul: Yahweh-Ropheka, “He who will Heal” To “restore” (Heb. shub) is to “turn back” the power of death in whose shadow we walk daily. Yahweh has healed the breach of Adam’s sin by the atonement in Christ’s blood, making redemption possible but not a foregone conclu- sion. Our ultimate redemption is only achieved in context with the daily renewal of our mind through the Word and the protective care of the good shepherd who leads us on the way. “And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God” (Rom. 12:2; also 2 Cor. 4:16). In Isaiah’s message to Israel he likewise writes of their final restoration, stating, “I have seen his ways, and will heal him: I will lead him also, and restore comforts unto him and to his mourners.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex, Lies, and Red Tape: Ideological and Political Barriers in Soviet Translation of Cold War American Satire, 1964-1988
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2015-07-10 Sex, Lies, and Red Tape: Ideological and Political Barriers in Soviet Translation of Cold War American Satire, 1964-1988 Khmelnitsky, Michael Khmelnitsky, M. (2015). Sex, Lies, and Red Tape: Ideological and Political Barriers in Soviet Translation of Cold War American Satire, 1964-1988 (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/27766 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2348 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca Allegorie der Übersetzung (2015) Michael G. Khmelnitsky acrylic on canvas (30.4 cm x 30.4 cm) The private collection of Dr. Hollie Adams. M. G. Khmelnitsky ALLEGORY OF TRANSLATION IB №281 A 00276 Sent to typesetting 17.II.15. Signed for printing 20.II.15. Format 12x12. Linen canvas. Order №14. Print run 1. Price 3,119 r. 3 k. Publishing House «Soiuzmedkot» Calgary UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Sex, Lies, and Red Tape: Ideological and Political Barriers in Soviet Translation of Cold War American Satire, 1964-1988 by Michael Khmelnitsky A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH CALGARY, ALBERTA JULY, 2015 © Michael Khmelnitsky 2015 Abstract My thesis investigates the various ideological and political forces that placed pressures on cultural producers, specifically translators in the U.S.S.R., during the Era of Stagnation (1964- 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • Shapiro Auctions
    Shapiro Auctions RUSSIAN AND INTERNATIONAL ART AND ANTIQUES Saturday - May 18, 2013 RUSSIAN AND INTERNATIONAL ART AND ANTIQUES 1: RUSSIAN ICON OF SPAS OPLECHNII 18TH CENTURY USD 1,800 - 2,200 A RUSSIAN ICON OF SPAS OPLECHNII, 18th C., Egg tempera and gesso on wood panel with a kovcheg. Two insert splints on the back. 31.5 x 26.2 cm. (12 3/8 x 10 1/4 in.) PROVENANCE: Purchased by the Mother of the current owner in Russia during the 1920s; thence by descent in Family Collection. LOT NOTES: During the late 1920s, shortly after the Russian Revolution, two young New York society women, sisters Adelaide and Helen Hooker secretly traveled to Russia “out of curiosity and cussedness.” Unbeknownst to their father, the president of the American Defense Society, they spent over six months in snowy Russia, pursuing adventure in Moscow, Leningrad, Vladimir, Novgorod, and Suzdal among other cities. Searching for a glimpse of “Old Russia,” the women sought-out ancient churches and monasteries, just as they were being taken over by the government and converted to Anti-Religious museums. This icon was among those that Adelaide and Helen Hooker purchased from these establishments and brought to the United States, in effect saving them from becoming victims of iconoclasm. In the States, the icons were kept in esteemed family collections. One of the sisters would go on to marry the IRA officer Ernie O'Malley, the other the writer John P. Marquand. Their youngest sister, Blanchette, went on to marry John D. Rockefeller III, and would become a major benefactor of the Museum of Modern Art, where she served as president from 1972 to 1985.
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Verification Systems for Wood Supply Between Russia and China
    LEGAL VERIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR WOOD SUPPLY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA Josh Newell, PhD University of Southern California [email protected] George Kuru Forestech Research and Development Ltd [email protected] 1 © WWF-International, 2008. Acknowledgements: This report is an outcome of the FOREST FUTURES WWF partnership project in Russia and China. This project is being implemented by WWF in partnership with IKEA. Preferred Citation: Newell, J. and Kuru, G. Legal Verification Systems for Wood Supply Between Russia and China . WWF-International, Gland, Switzerland. 77 pages. 2 CONTENTS Contents ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 List of Figures ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 Structure and Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 10 1. FORESTRY AND WOOD SUPPLY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ........... 11 Overview of Russian Forestry ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nikolai Marr's Critique of Indo-European Philology and the Subaltern Critique of Brahman Nationalism in Colonial India
    This is a repository copy of Nikolai Marr’s Critique of Indo-European Philology and the Subaltern Critique of Brahman Nationalism in Colonial India. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/126702/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Brandist, C. (2018) Nikolai Marr’s Critique of Indo-European Philology and the Subaltern Critique of Brahman Nationalism in Colonial India. Interventions: international journal of postcolonial studies. ISSN 1369-801X https://doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2017.1421043 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Nikolai Marr’s Critique of Indo-European Philology and the Subaltern Critique of Brahman Nationalism in Colonial India. After a long period during which his works were regarded as little more than a cautionary tale about the usurpation of science by ideology, the controversial Georgian philologist and archaeologist Nikolai Iakovlevich Marr has made an unexpected reappearance on the intellectual scene.
    [Show full text]