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Distribution: EG: Bank of Jandara Lake, Bolnisi, Burs
Subgenus Lasius Fabricius, 1804 53. L. (Lasius) alienus (Foerster, 1850) Distribution: E.G.: Bank of Jandara Lake, Bolnisi, Bursachili, Gardabani, Grakali, Gudauri, Gveleti, Igoeti, Iraga, Kasristskali, Kavtiskhevi, Kazbegi, Kazreti, Khrami gorge, Kianeti, Kitsnisi, Kojori, Kvishkheti, Lagodekhi Reserve, Larsi, Lekistskali gorge, Luri, Manglisi, Mleta, Mtskheta, Nichbisi, Pantishara, Pasanauri, Poladauri, Saguramo, Sakavre, Samshvilde, Satskhenhesi, Shavimta, Shulaveri, Sighnaghi, Taribana, Tbilisi (Mushtaidi Garden, Tbilisi Botanical Garden), Tetritskaro, Tkemlovani, Tkviavi, Udabno, Zedazeni (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1964a, b, 1966, 1967b, 1968, 1974a); W.G.: Abasha, Ajishesi, Akhali Atoni, Anaklia, Anaria, Baghdati, Batumi Botanical Garden, Bichvinta Reserve, Bjineti, Chakvi, Chaladidi, Chakvistskali, Eshera, Grigoreti, Ingiri, Inkiti Lake, Kakhaberi, Khobi, Kobuleti, Kutaisi, Lidzava, Menji, Nakalakebi, Natanebi, Ochamchire, Oni, Poti, Senaki, Sokhumi, Sviri, Tsaishi, Tsalenjikha, Tsesi, Zestaponi, Zugdidi Botanical Garden (Ruzsky, 1905; Karavaiev, 1926; Jijilashvili, 1974b); S.G.: Abastumani, Akhalkalaki, Akhaltsikhe, Aspindza, Avralo, Bakuriani, Bogdanovka, Borjomi, Dmanisi, Goderdzi Pass, Gogasheni, Kariani, Khanchali Lake, Ota, Paravani Lake, Sapara, Tabatskuri, Trialeti, Tsalka, Zekari Pass (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1967a, 1974a). 54. L. (Lasius) brunneus (Latreille, 1798) Distribution: E.G.: Bolnisi, Gardabani, Kianeti, Kiketi, Manglisi, Pasanauri (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1968, 1974a); W.G.: Akhali Atoni, Baghdati, -
Jaarboek Van De Maatschappij Der Nederlandse Letterkunde, 1905
Jaarboek van de Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde, 1905 bron Handelingen en mededeelingen van de Maatschappij der Nederlandsche Letterkunde te Leiden, over het jaar 1904-1905. E.J. Brill, Leiden 1905 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_jaa003190501_01/colofon.htm © 2005 dbnl 1 Handelingen. Jaarboek van de Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde, 1905 3 Verslag van de jaarlijksche vergadering, gehouden te Leiden op den 14den Juni 1905. De Beschrijvingsbrief luidde aldus: den LEIDEN, den 13 Mei 1905. M. Bij dezen heb ik de eer U uit te noodigen tot het bijwonen der Jaarlijksche Vergadering van de Maatschappij der Nederlandsche Letterkunde te Leiden, die gehouden zal worden op Woensdag den 14den Juni, des voormiddags klokke elf uren, in het gebouw der Maatschappij tot Nut van 't Algemeen, Steenschuur alhier. De orde der werkzaamheden is als volgt: I. Opening der Vergadering door den Voorzitter, Prof. Dr. G. KALFF, met eene toespraak. II.* Voordracht van den Heer Prof. Dr. J. TE WINKEL: ‘De verspreiding van het Frankisch over de Nederlanden’. III. Verslag van den staat der Maatschappij en van hare belangrijkste lotgevallen en handelingen gedurende het afgeloopen jaar. * Door het Bestuur zal worden voorgesteld de behandeling van punt II uit te stellen tot na de pauze. Jaarboek van de Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde, 1905 4 IV. Verslag van den staat der Boekverzameling gedurende hetzelfde tijdsverloop. V. Verslag omtrent de rekening en verantwoording van den Penningmeester. VI. Verslag der Commissie voor Taal- en Letterkunde. VII. Verslag der Commissie voor Geschied- en Oudheidkunde. VIII. Bekendmaking van den uitslag der stemming over de te benoemen gewone en buitenlandsche leden. -
Economic Prosperity Initiative
USAID/GEORGIA DO2: Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth October 1, 2011 – September 31, 2012 Gagra Municipal (regional) Infrastructure Development (MID) ABKHAZIA # Municipality Region Project Title Gudauta Rehabilitation of Roads 1 Mtskheta 3.852 km; 11 streets : Mtskheta- : Mtanee Rehabilitation of Roads SOKHUMI : : 1$Mestia : 2 Dushet 2.240 km; 7 streets :: : ::: Rehabilitation of Pushkin Gulripshi : 3 Gori street 0.92 km : Chazhashi B l a c k S e a :%, Rehabilitaion of Gorijvari : 4 Gori Shida Kartli road 1.45 km : Lentekhi Rehabilitation of Nationwide Projects: Ochamchire SAMEGRELO- 5 Kareli Sagholasheni-Dvani 12 km : Highway - DCA Basisbank ZEMO SVANETI RACHA-LECHKHUMI rehabilitaiosn Roads in Oni Etseri - DCA Bank Republic Lia*#*# 6 Oni 2.452 km, 5 streets *#Sachino : KVEMO SVANETI Stepantsminda - DCA Alliance Group 1$ Gali *#Mukhuri Tsageri Shatili %, Racha- *#1$ Tsalenjikha Abari Rehabilitation of Headwork Khvanchkara #0#0 Lechkhumi - DCA Crystal Obuji*#*# *#Khabume # 7 Oni of Drinking Water on Oni for Nakipu 0 Likheti 3 400 individuals - Black Sea Regional Transmission ZUGDIDI1$ *# Chkhorotsku1$*# ]^!( Oni Planning Project (Phase 2) Chitatskaro 1$!( Letsurtsume Bareuli #0 - Georgia Education Management Project (EMP) Akhalkhibula AMBROLAURI %,Tsaishi ]^!( *#Lesichine Martvili - Georgia Primary Education Project (G-Pried) MTSKHETA- Khamiskuri%, Kheta Shua*#Zana 1$ - GNEWRC Partnership Program %, Khorshi Perevi SOUTH MTIANETI Khobi *# *#Eki Khoni Tskaltubo Khresili Tkibuli#0 #0 - HICD Plus #0 ]^1$ OSSETIA 1$ 1$!( Menji *#Dzveli -
GEORGIA Sub-Regional Innovation Policy Outlook 2020: Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus
GEORGIA Sub-regional Innovation Policy Outlook 2020: Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus Chapter I ECONOMIC OVERVIEW General overview Georgia is a small, upper-middle-income country in the South Caucasus, connecting Europe to the Middle East and Central Asia. Since independence in 1991, the ensuing civil war and territorial disputes have made the transition to a market economy particularly challenging. Even so, Georgia is now one of the most open and easiest places to do business in the sub-region, with sustained albeit volatile growth. To continue to sustain growth and benefit from its manifold opportunities, however, Georgia needs to make better and systematic use of its potential, moving from a model of filling essential gaps to one based on broader experimentation with new and better ideas, business models, technology and governance arrangements. Reform process The radical improvement in Georgia stems from a series of far-reaching reforms. Following the Rose Revolution in 2003, structural changes in the institutional and legislative frameworks radically reduced petty corruption and improved the efficiency of government. Trade liberalization, including a range of free trade agreements, secured access to a diverse set of markets. Reforms of public financial management are under way, including the recently developed fiscal framework, changes in civil service pay and a transition to compulsory savings for retirement. As a result, Georgia has moved up quickly in the Ease of Doing Business ranking of the World Bank (2020a), reaching seventh place globally for regulatory performance. Although several efforts are under way, such as more investment into infrastructure, education and administration, further reforms are needed to restructure, diversify and increase the productivity of the economy. -
Freedom of Religion in Abkhazia and South Ossetia/Tskhinvali Region
Freedom of Religion in Abkhazia and South Ossetia/Tskhinvali Region Brief prehistory Orthodox Christians living in Abkhazia and South Ossetia are considered by the Patriarchate of the Georgian Orthodox Church to be subject to its canonical jurisdiction. The above is not formally denied by any Orthodox Churches. Abkhazians demand full independence and imagine their Church also to be independent. As for South Ossetia, the probable stance of "official" Ossetia is to unite with Alanya together with North Ossetia and integrate into the Russian Federation, therefore, they do not want to establish or "restore" the Autocephalous Orthodox Church. In both the political and ecclesiastical circles, the ruling elites of the occupied territories do not imagine their future together with either the Georgian State or the associated Orthodox Church. As a result of such attitudes and Russian influence, the Georgian Orthodox Church has no its clergymen in Tskhinvali or Abkhazia, cannot manage the property or relics owned by it before the conflict, and cannot provide adequate support to the parishioners that identify themselves with the Georgian Orthodox Church. Although both Abkhazia and South Ossetia have state sovereignty unilaterally recognized by the Russian Federation, ecclesiastical issues have not been resolved in a similar way. The Russian Orthodox Church does not formally or officially recognize the separate dioceses in these territories, which exist independently from the Georgian Orthodox Church, nor does it demand their integration into its own space. Clearly, this does not necessarily mean that the Russian Orthodox Church is guided by the "historical truth" and has great respect for the jurisdiction of the Georgian Orthodox Church in these territories. -
Black Sea Container Market and Georgia's Positioning
European Scientific Journal November 2018 edition Vol.14, No.31 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 Black Sea Container Market and Georgia’s Positioning Irakli Danelia, (PhD student) Tbilisi State University, Georgia Doi:10.19044/esj.2018.v14n31p100 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n31p100 Abstract Due to the strategically important geographical location, Black Sea region has a key transit function throughout between Europe and Asia. Georgia, which is a part of Black sea area, has a vital transit function for Caucasus Region, as well as for whole New Silk Road area. Nevertheless, still there is no evidence what kind of role and place Georgia has in The Black Sea container market. As the country has ambition to be transit hub for containerizes cargo flows between west and east and is actively involved in the process of formation “One Belt One Road” project, it is very important to identify Country’s current circumstances, capacities and future potential. Because of this, the purpose of the study is to investigate cargo flows and opportunities of the Black Sea container market, level of competitiveness in the area and define Georgia’s positioning in the regional Container market. Keywords: Geostrategic Location, New Silk Road, Transit Corridor, Cargo flow, Container market, Georgia, Black Sea Methodology Based on practical and theoretical significance of the research the following paper provides systemic, historical and logical generalization methods of research in the performance of the work, scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis methods are also used. Introduction Since the end of the Cold War, the Black Sea region has no longer been a static border between the West and the East. -
The Rhine: Germany's River, Not Germany's Boundary
Source: E.M. Arndt, Deutschlands Fluss, aber nicht Deutschlands Gränze, English trl. UvA Talen / SPIN. the French was as bad as it was foolish. One would have The Rhine: Germany’s river, not Germany’s thought that ten years, indeed twenty years, of blindness and misfortune might have sent a little light into their dark minds boundary and brought the errants back into line, especially since the French had long ago overturned their own proof, but far from it. There are still many who behave, indeed who exhaust Ernst Moritz Arndt themselves in deductions and proofs, as if the Rhine as the border between France and Germany is something indispu- table and settled. So effective is constant repetition, and so little are most Germans – who pride themselves on their ‘The Rhine is France’s natural boundary’ is what Sully proved profundity in thought and speech – accustomed to thinking. 1600 and 1610; ‘the Rhine is France’s natural boundary,’ The empty echoing of foreign opinions, especially the proclaimed Richelieu in 1625 and 1635; ‘the Rhine is France’s echoing of French hocus-pocus and sophistries, has sadly natural boundary,’ declared Count d’Avaux in the 1640s at become too much of a fashion on this side of the Rhine, in Münster, in the holy places where Hermann the Cheruscan had the country where thoroughness and depth of thought is once made a dufferent typeof declaration to the Romans; ‘the supposed to reside. Given this state of affairs, especially this Rhine is France’s natural boundary,’ resounded from 1670 to sad state of German minds and hearts, I consider it not super- 1700 in Louvois’ and Colbert’s speeches in Louis XIV’s council fluous to present our ancient, magnificent and holy River of state, and the court poets Boileau and Racine sang it in the Rhine, what it was, is and will be, to the good German antechamber; ‘the Rhine is France’s natural boundary’ cried the people, who are confused by too many political prattlers and monsters on the Seine from 1790 to 1800. -
Anaklia Deep Water Black Sea Port
Anaklia Deep Water Black Sea Port Request for Proposal Removal of Tetrapod’s from Sea Bed in Anaklia ADC-001-PR-RFP-010 April 20, 2018 6 Marjanishvili Street Tbilisi 0102, Georgia [email protected] Anaklia Deep Sea Port Request for Proposal Removal of Tetrapod’s from Sea Bed in Anaklia Page | 1 Table of Contents SUMMARY INFORMATION .......................................................................................................................................... 3 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Closing Date and Time ..................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 List of Acronyms & Definitions......................................................................................................................... 4 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................................................... 4 3. GENERAL CONDITIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 7 4. SCOPE OF WORKS .................................................................................................................................................. 8 5. INSTRUCTION TO RESPONDENTS .......................................................................................................................... -
Distribution and a Comparative Analysis of the Aquatic Invertebrate
A peer-reviewed open-access journal Subterranean BiologyDistribution 18: 49–70 (2016) and a comparative analysis of the aquatic invertebrate fauna... 49 doi: 10.3897/subtbiol.18.8648 RESEARCH ARTICLE Subterranean Published by http://subtbiol.pensoft.net The International Society Biology for Subterranean Biology Distribution and a comparative analysis of the aquatic invertebrate fauna in caves of the western Caucasus Elena S. Chertoprud1, Dmitry M. Palatov2, Rostislav R. Borisov2, Vadim V. Marinskiy1, Michail S. Bizin3, Roman S. Dbar4 1 Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, 119991, Moscow, Russia 2 Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Verchnjaja Krasnoselskaja, 17, 107140, Moscow, Russia 3 Department of Soil Biology, Faculty of Soil Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, 119991, Moscow, Russia 4 Institute of Ecology Academy of Science Abkhazia, Kra- snojamskaya, 67, 384905 Sukhumi, Abkhazia Corresponding author: Elena S. Chertoprud ([email protected]) Academic editor: O. Moldovan | Received 30 March 2016 | Accepted 31 May 2016 | Published 17 June 2016 http://zoobank.org/AAA68ABB-945E-421B-9B45-7C3FAE3AA2C3 Citation: Chertoprud ES, Palatov DM, Borisov RR, Marinskiy VV, Bizin MS, Dbar RS (2016) Distribution and a comparative analysis of the aquatic invertebrate fauna in caves of the western Caucasus. Subterranean Biology 18: 49–70. doi: 10.3897/subtbiol.18.8648 Abstract The freshwater fauna of nine caves in central Abkhazia, western Caucasus, revealed 35 species of stygo- bionts, including 15 new species to be described elsewhere. The number of species per station increased from the depth towards the entrance in caves Golova Otapa and Abrskila, becoming the highest in the epi- gean part. -
Resisting Foreign State Propaganda in the New Information Environment: the Case of the EU, Russia, and the Eastern Partnership Countries ISBN 978-9934-8536-9-2
RESISTING FOREIGN STATE PROPAGANDA IN THE NEW INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF THE EU, RUSSIA, AND THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES ISBN 978-9934-8536-9-2 UDK 32.019.5 Re708 This publication is a part of the project “Resisting state propaganda in the new information environment: The case of EU member states and EU Eastern Partnership states vis-à-vis the Russian Federation publication/re- search” organised by the Foundation for European Pro- gressive Studies (FEPS) with the support of Brīvības un Solidaritātes Fonds (BSF). RESISTING FOREIGN STATE PROPAGANDA IN THE NEW INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF THE EU, RUSSIA, AND THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES Table of contents Foreword Dr. Ernst Stetter 11 Foreword Ervins Labanovskis 17 PART I: INCREASING RESISTANCE TO PROPAGANDA WITHIN THE EU Countering propaganda in Europe: Responses and options Ben Nimmo 23 The role of national strategic narrative in raising resilience to hostile foreign propaganda in European societies Māris Cepurītis 39 Increasing the resistance of democratic states to hostile foreign propaganda— what is the right recipe? Elīna Lange-Ionatamišvili 52 The Audiovisual Media Services Directive and propaganda Andris Mellakauls 71 7 Key findings of the EED’s Feasibility PART III: THE VIEW FROM Study on independent Russian- THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES language media initiatives in the Eastern Partnership and beyond Farther from Russky Mir, Jerzy Pomianowski 89 Closer to the West Tamar Kintsurashvili 173 PART II: THE VIEW FROM THE BALTIC STATES Russian propaganda -
Management Plan for the World Heritage Site Gelati Monastery
MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE WORLD HERITAGE SITE GELATI MONASTERY 2017 Table of Contents LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS........................................................................................................................5 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................6 1.1. Aim of the Management Plan.................................................................................................6 1.2. Relation with other studies.....................................................................................................6 1.3. Scope and approach ...............................................................................................................7 General.............................................................................................................................................7 Management principles ...................................................................................................................8 Approach..........................................................................................................................................9 1.4. Objectives of the management plan ................................................................................... 10 Preparation of a spatial plan for the project area......................................................................... 10 Protection and conservation management ................................................................................. -
Funeral Customs of Caucasian Estonians
FUNERAL CUSTOMS OF CAUCASIAN ESTONIANS Marika Mikkor Introduction Customs characterising a nation or an ethnic group, depend on the stage of development of the society, dominant religion and ethnic environment. In an ethnological study of settlers their origin, time of emigration and national composition of settlements should be taken into account. Of the Estonian villages of Caucasia the village of Estonia was founded in 1882 by the Estonians from the province (guberniya) of Samara, who had left Estonia in the 1850-1860s. The villages of Salme and Sulevi were founded in 1884 and 1885, respectively, by the peasants of Harjumaa, the village of Punase-Lageda was founded in 1886 by Estonians from the North-Caucasian settlement of Esto-Haginsky, who had left Estonia in the 1870s *1 (Võime 1980, 16-18, 21; Võime 1974, 120, 121). In the second half of the past century, in the conditions of arising capitalism, the first settlers of the villages were peasants whose resettlement was favoured by the tsarist government. In addition to the first settlers, new emigrants kept coming both from different regions of Estonia and from other Estonian settlements in Russia. At the same time, there were also leavers. Within the boundaries of one village there lived, side by side, people from different parishes and counties. Parochial belonging of Estonian settlers would be a separate topic of research. For example, in the village of Sulevi descendants of the peasants from Kuusalu and Rõuge parishes married each other. Settlements were founded as a result of Russian-Turkish wars in the 1860-70s on the lands abandoned by Abkhazian and Circassian people (Chursin 1956, 194).