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Bgyb{Fujt!Lvmuvsvm.Jtupsjvmj Xbstvmj!Eb!Ubobnfespwfpcb სტუდენტთა და ახალგაზრდა მეცნიერთა კონფერენცია bbgyb{fUjt!lvmuvsvm.jtupsjvmjgyb{fUjt!lvmuvsvm.jtupsjvmj xxbstvmj!eb!Ubobnfespwfpcbbstvmj!eb!Ubobnfespwfpcb კონფერენციის მასალები Tbilisi 2019 ინგლისური ტექსტის თარგმანი - ქეთევან ჩიგოგიძე რუსული ტექსტის თარგმანი - ოლგა ქავთარია 2019 ISBN 978-9941-9670-3-0 politikuri viTareba afxazeTSi saqarTvelos pirveli demokratiuli respublikis dros (1918-1921 wlebi) Tamriko lekiaSvili asocirebuli profesori saqarTvelos universiteti saqarTvelos istoriul-geografiul mxares _ afxazeTs dRes avtonomiuri respublikis statusi aqvs, Tumca realurad okupirebulia ruseTis federaciis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mier. afxazeTs marTavs marionetuli de-faqto xelisuflebis. misi damoukidebloba aRiara ruseTma da sxvadasxva garigebebis san- acvlod, nikaraguam, venesuelam, naurum da siriam. ruseTi XIX saukunidan moyolebuli cdilobda CamoeSore- bina saqarTvelosaTvis afxazeTi. amisaTvis iyenebda yvela SesaZlo meTods: afxazeTSi aRvivebda separatizms, siZulvils afxazebsa da qarTvelebs Soris, eweoda antiqarTul, agresiul politikas. aqtiurad mimdinareobda da axlac grZeldeba saqarT- velos istoriuli warsulis araswori interpretacia da fal- sificireba. gamoica mravali tendenciuri samecniero naSromi (s. lakoba, o. bRaJba, T. aCugba, d. dbari..) sxvadasxva enaze. de _ faqto afxazuri mTavroba sxvadasxva qveyanaSi xsnis afxazur kulturul centrs (mag. italia). Seqmnilia asociacia „evropa- afxazeTi“. 2019 wlis ivlisSi ruseTis federaciis prezidentma vladimer putinma gancxadeba gaakeTa. misi TqmiT, afxazeTi da e.w. „samxreT oseTi~ istoriulad damoukidebeli qveynebi iyvnen da 1918-1920 wlebSi saqarTvelom afxazeTis okupacia da osi xalxis genocidi moaxdina. istoriis falsificireba grZelde- ba, bunebrivia, am yvelafers grZelvadiani mizani aqvs _ afx- azeTi sabolood CamoSordes saqarTvelos da iqces ruseTis ganuyofel nawilad. istorikosTa winaSe afxazeTis istoriis obieqturad da safuZvlianad Seswavlis aucilebloba dgas; aqedan gamomdin- are, Cveni moxsenebis mizania warmovaCinoT politikuri viTare- ba afxazeTSi saqarTvelos pirveli demokratiuli respublikis dros (1918-1921 wlebi). kidev erTxel vaCvenoT, rom: 1. ruse- Tis imperiis politika afxazeTTan mimarTebaSi gulisxmobda 3 regionis saqarTvelodan CamoSorebas da afxazi xalxis ruseTis politikur da socialur-ekonimikur sivrceSi integracias; 2. proosmaluri da prorusuli Zalebi afxazeTSi eweodnen anti- qarTul separatistul saqmianobas; 3. 1918-1921 wlebSi afxaze- Ti Sedioda saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis Semadgen- lobaSi, rogorc avtonomiuri erTeuli; 4. 1918 wels general giorgi mazniaSvils ar mouxdenia afxazeTis aneqsia, rogorc amas amtkicebs afxazuri da rusuli istoriografia. XX saukunis dasawyisSi afxazeTis sazogadoebriv-poli- tikuri mdgomareoba metad rTuli iyo. gamokveTili iyo sami politikuri Zala: proosmaluri (romlebic mxars uWerdnen mTielTa kavSirSi Sesvlas), prorusuli da proqarTuli. 1917 wlis 7-8 noembers afxazeTSi moiwvies „afxazi xalxis yriloba“. yrilobam Seqmna „afxazTa saxalxo sabWo“. (mogvianebiT mas „afx- azeTis saxalxo sabWo ewoda~ da moxda misi reorganizacia, ris Sedegadac afxazeTis saxalxo sabWo Seivso sxvadasxva erovnebis warmomadgenlebiT: mag. qarTvelTa, somexTa, berZenTa sabWos Tavmjdomareebi) sabWos Tavmjdomare gaxda s. basaria, moadg- ile _ g. ajamovi, mdivani _ m. tarnava. miRebul iqna oficial- uri dokumentebi: „afxazi xalxis deklaracia~ da „afxazTa sax- alxo sabWos konstitucia“. am periodSi afxazeTSi arsebobda _ qarTvelTa, somexTa, berZenTa da rusTa erovnuli sabWoebic, Tumca maT naklebi Zalaufleba hqondaT. metad mniSvnelovania 1918 wlis 9 Tebervals dadebu- li xelSekruleba afxazTa saxalxo sabWosa da saqarTvelos erovnuls sabWos Soris. (Citaia., gv. 143-144). 9 Tebervlis SeT- anxmebas hqonda istoriuli mniSvneloba qarTveli da afxazi xalxis daaxloebis saqmeSi. daiwyo qarTul-afxazuri urTier- Tobebis mogvarebis pirveli etapi. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom Tbi- lisSi miRebuli es SeTanxmeba ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos saxelm- wifoTaSoris dadebul xelSekrulebad, im droisaTvis arc afxazeTi da arc saqarTvelo ar iyo suverenuli saxelmwifo. magram realurad am xelSekrulebiT safuZveli Caeyara avtono- miuri afxazeTis arsebobas, miuxedavad imisa, rom saboloo gad- awyvetileba demokratiuli wesiT arCeul damfuZnebel krebas unda mieRo. 9 Tebervlis SeTanxmebas gansxvavebul interpretacias aZleven afxazur istoriografiaSi (b. saRaria, v. kobaxia, st. lakoba..). nawili Tvlis, rom 9 Tebervlis SeTanxmebiT aRiare- 4 buli iyo erTiani, ganuyofeli afxazeTis arseboba, sazRvrebSi: mdinare enguridan mdinare bzimTamde. rac, bunebrivia, WeSmar- itebas moklebulia. realurad es SeTanxmeba qmnida pirobas afxazeTis erTian qarTul saxelmwifoebriv sivrceSi Semosv- lisaTvis. safuZveli eyreboda afxazeTis erTian teritoriul- administraciul, ganuyofel organizms saqarTvelos farg- lebSi. Tumca aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom am dokuments ar hqonda iuridiuli Zala. 1918 wlis 26 maiss gamocxadda saqarTvelos damoukideblo- ba, rasac mohyva afxazeTis sakiTxis gamwvaveba. afxazTa saxalxo sabWos separatistulma jgufma xelSi aiRo politikuri mar- Tvis sadaveebi (maT Soris iyvnen rogorc proosmalurad, ise probolSevikurad ganwyobili Zalebi). 28 maiss, soxumSi Sed- ga saolqo sasamarTlos ganyofilebis Sekreba, sadac xazgas- miT aRiniSna, rom afxazeTi iuridiulad imyofeboda quTaisis guberniis SemadgenlobaSi da amdenad, igi warmoadgenda saqarT- velos demokratiuli respublikis nawils. miuxedavad amisa, separatistuli Zalebi poziciebs ar Tmobdnen da cdilobd- nen afaxeTis damoukideblobis sakiTxis dayenebas. 1918 wlis 2 ivniss afxazTa saxalxo sabWom aRniSna, rom amierkavkasiis fed- eraciuli respublikis daSlis da saqarTvelos damoukideblo- bis gamocxadebis Semdeg afxazeTma dakarga saqarTvelosTan kav- Siris iuridiuli safuZveli da amierkavkasiis wiTeli gvardiis razmi, romelic ukve warmoadgenda saqarTvelos respublikis sajariso nawils, aRmoCnda Tavis saxelmwifos farglebs gareT. Seqmnili mdgomareobis gamo afxazTa saxalxo sabWom miiRo dadgenileba Zalaufleba sakuTar xelSi aeRo. saxalxo sabWo megobruli TxovniT mimarTavda saqarTvelos erovnul sabWos daxmareba gaewia misTvis afxazeTSi saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organizebis saqmeSi, magram amave dros moiTxovda wiTeli gvar- diis razmebs daetovebinaT afxazeTis teritoria. am sakiTxeb- is mosagvareblad saqarTveloSi igzavneboda afxazTa saxalxo sabWos warmomadgeneli inJineri r.i. kakuba da TbilisSi myofi delegatebi: v.g. RurWua, g.v. ajamovi, g.r. Tumanovi. (politi- kur-samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli., gv. 16-17). daiwyo mola- parakebebi; aRsaniSnavia, rom TbilisSi mimdinare molaparakebe- bis iniciatori iyo afxazeTis saxalxo sabWo, es gamowveuli iyo regionSi Seqmnili mZime situaciiTa da erTis mxriv osmaleTis agresiis da meore mxriv bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis damyarebis 5 realuri safrTxiT. molaparakebebis Sedegad, 1918 wlis 11 ivniss xeli moew- era xelSekrulebas, romelic 8 punqtisagan Sedgeboda. (poli- tikur-samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli., gv. 19-20). aRniSnuli xelSekruleba 9 Tebervlis (1918 wlis) SeTanxmebis ganviTarebas warmoadgenda. axali xelSekrulebiT dasturdeboda afxazeTis saqarTvelos SemadgnelobaSi yofna, xolo saqarTvelos mTav- roba afxazeTis avtonomiis garantias iZleoda; afxazeTs eniWe- boda sruli Sida avtonomia; xelSekruleba aseve iTvaliswinebda afxazTa saxalxo sabWosaTvis saqarTvelos mTavrobis mxridan samxedro-ekonomikuri daxmarebis gawevas. aseve centralur mTavrobaSi SemoiRes afxazeTis saqmeTa ministris Tanamdeboba, romelic saxalxo sabWos wardginebiT r. Cqotuam daikava. aRniSnuli xelSekruleba mniSvnelovani politikur-sa- marTlebrivi aqtia, romelmac myari niadagi Seqmna saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis SenarCunebisaTvis. Tumca es jer kidev ar niSnavda afxazeTis problemis saboloo gadawyvetas. afxazeTis saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobis sakiTxi sabolood, afx- azeTis mosaxleobis yrilobas unda gadaewyvita demokratiul sawyisebze. 11 ivnisis xelSekrulebis pirobebis Sesruleba saqarT- velos demokratiulma respublikam maleve daiwyo. imave wlis 13 ivniss mTavrobam miiRo dadgenileba; afxazTa saxalxo sab- WosTvis gadaecaT 10 000 maneTi sesxad, romelic unda mox- mareboda formirebadi sajariso nawilebisaTvis formisa da aRWurvilobis gadasazidad. (politikur-samarTlebrivi aqte- bis krebuli., gv. 20). amasobaSi afxazeTSi situacia kvlav daiZaba ; bunebrivia, Sovinistebsa da antiqarTulad ganwyobil Zalebs ar awyobdaT situaciis daregulireba. gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurdnen bol- Sevikuri Zalebi. bolSevikebma soxumidan maTi gandevnis Sem- deggagrisken daixies, sadac Seqmens yuban-SavizRvispireTis savele Stabi jer a. uruSaZis, Semdeg b. kvirkvelias Tavmjdo- mareobiT (gamaxaria, gv. 55). Stabma moulodnelad ganaxorcie- la bolSevikebis axali Seteva, aiRes gudauTa da axal aTons miadgnen. aRsaniSnavia, rom bolSevikuri moZraoba adgilobriv mosaxelobaSi popularobiT ar sargeblobda. afxazeTis sax- alxo sabWos wevrebis umravlesobam 16 ivniss, daxmarebisaTvis mimarTa general giorgi mazniaSvils. afxazTa saxalxo sabWo 6 generals werda: „samurzayanos ubanSi bolSevikuri anarqia Seu- kaveblad izrdeba. xdeba Zarcva da daWerebi. momavalSi bol- SevikebisTvis moqmedebis Tavisuflebis micema samurzayanoSi metismetad saSiSia, radgan maTi batonobiT terorizebuli mSvidobiani mosaxleoba moklebulia yanebSi muSaobis Sesa- Zleblobas. generalo, miiReT saswrafo zomebi samurzayanoSi anarqiis CasaxSobad~ (scssa, f.1861, al.2, s. 37 Citaia 189) am dokuments xels awerda afxazTa saxalxo sabWos Tavmjdomare. generalma deputacia saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan gagzavna. imave wlis 18 ivniss generalma miiRo samxedro ministris depeSa, afx- azeTis general-gubernatorad daniSvnisa da dauyovnebliv sox- umSi gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb. 19 ivniss giorgi mazniaSvili soxumSi Cavida. afxazur istoriografiaSi mazniaSvilis soxumSi Casvla aRqmulia 1918 wlis 11
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