DOCSLIB.ORG

[~~I~M]Mr~Mli~I~Limlil~I~Llilil~~~ ~

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
[~~I~M]Mr~Mli~I~Limlil~I~Llilil~~~ ~ -- - . : " [~~I~m]Mr~mli~I~limlil~I~llilil~~~3 4589 000019829 ~' U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. John T. Connor, "'...... .aury ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Robert M. White. Administrator Weather Bureau. Geor,ge P. Cressman, Director TECHNICAL NOTE 46·NSSL.26 Prob i n9 Air Motion by Dopp Ie rAna lysis of Radar,Clear Air Returns Roger M.Lhermitte NSSL, Norman, Oklahoma NATI9NAL SEVERE STORMS LABORATORY REPORT NO.26 WASH'INGTON, D.C. May 1966 The program at the National Severe Storms Laboratory involves the cooperative participation of many government agencies and other groups. The work reported in this paper\'lasgreatly assisted by sub­ stantial support from the Federal Aviation Agency ------------- through interdepartmental agreement No. FA65 WAr -91 . ':",'" .~ . -.' ~ ',' ......., Oklahoma Climatological Survey TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page Abstract 1 1. Introduction .. 1 2. Doppler Radar Method 2 3. Intensity of Target Back Scattering 5 4. Doppler Spread 11 5. CAR Horizontal Motion Estimate 14 6. Estimate of Vertical l1otion 22 7. Study of a Low-Level Jet from the Doppler Radar Data 23 8. Doppler "Wind" Speed Variance and the Scale of Horizontal Eddies 29 Correlation between Target Motions at #, Several Levels 31 10. Conclusion 33 Acknowledgments 33 Appendix·· 34 References 36 .. PROBING AIR MOTION BY DOPPLER ANALYSIS OF RADAR CLEAR AIR RETURNS Roger M. Lhermitte National Severe Storms Laboratory Norman, Oklahoma ABSTRACT A Doppler radar has been used in central Oklahoma to probe the motion of invisible targets usually referred to as "angels fI • The large c].ensi ty of targets detected on certain days suggests the presence of a dense atmospheric "planktontt drifting with the air. Uniform motion for all the targets in the area surveyed by the radar beam is confirmed by.the systematic pattern of target radial motions as a function of radar beam azimuth. Target hori­ zontal motion direction and speed are derived from the radial . velocitY-,.;lzimuth patterns and interpreted as horizontal wind. The small vertical motion of targets is also estimated f·rom the. '. data. This technique is applied ·to the analy~is of wind variance and the study ofa low-level jet. 1. INTRODUCTION It has been known for years that radar echoes are· often ob­ served from . clear air when. no targets can be seen by the naked eye .. The invisible targets have been called "angelsll but this paper re- fers. to them as '·'c<iear air return". ( CAR). .. , TWo primary explanations have been given for the observ~tion of CAR: (1) the presence of animal life in the atmosphere such as birds or insects; (2) the.possible existence of sharp discontinu- . itiesin the atmospheric index of refraction. The presence of grass, plant s.eeds, etc., should be added to this list, since such materials can be carried.aloftby air motion and have a back scat­ teringcross section sufficiently iarge.for detection by the radar. For example , a piece of dry Johnson grass (0 .4 em.) on 0.86' em, .. qf wavelength haS a radar cross seqtion of 10-:-2qm.2 (Tolbert et. aL. .' [25]) ,and should be easily detected at. one or two miles by a:' con...,. ventional. radar. ." . There 'is no doubt that in some instances CAR has been def;i':' niteiy· associated Wi.th migrating birds. On the other hand, it has also been demonstrated that turbulent, layers in clear air create radar return (Hardy at a1. [13J) .', . '. " . " .. Regardless ot the nature of the targets,lf they gre smalL 2 and have a low inertia, their motion relative to the surrounding air should be negligible. If the radar return is due solely to the at­ mosphere itself, as in the case of localized high variance of the index of refraction, air motion and apparent t.arget motion should be identical. Therefore, continuous observation of CAR target veloc­ ities should lead to an effective probing of air motion in the al­ titude range wh~re the targets· are detected. It has been found that CAR is often detected, in central Okla­ homa, in an atmospheric layer which extends from slightly above the ground to an altitude which ranges between'a few hundred meters and 2 km. Detailed observations of CAR motion have, therefore, been conducted with an "X" band Doppler radar. The Doppler radar pro­ vides a very quick estimate of· the radial motion of any detected target and, with an appropriate scheme of azimuth and range scan­ ning, horizontal and vertical components of the motion at several altitudes can be derived from the observation of the radial speed of a large number of targets. / The Doppler radar has been operated almost continuously during i several months and CAR motion has been effectively observed during , more than 1,000 hours, at several altitudes ranging from 300 to 2 km. ; \ The intensity of the C~R signals has also been recorded. Although , the data have not been completely analyzed yet, this paper presents an interesting case study of the motion of CAR during the 30-hr. \~ period from 0700 CST Ju·ne. 26, to 1300 CST June 27, 1965. This wa.s .. a clear summer day. in central Oklahoma. Thermal convection was followed by a nocturnal lOW-level jet stream. j Although some characteristics of the back scattered signal are discussed here,our main purpose is to relate the target motions to ~ the wind. The origin of the radar returns will b~ explored later wi th the aid of data collected during several months of operation. ·At this time, the works of Browning and Atlas [7J and Hardy, et al. j [13J can be noted for discussion of CAR origins. 2. DOPPLER RADAR METHOD Some past attempts to derive winds from CAR motion have been based on the use of automatic tracking radar to measure target vel­ ocity (Roelofs [23J). On some occasions the horizontal target speed was derived by relating the dUration and altitude of individ;;' ual radar echoes to thebeamw.Ldth and wind speed assuming the scat­ terers to be point targets transported through the stationary beam with the wind (Plank [22J). While these studies have generally concluded that the targets are small relative to the beam and appear to be wi nd borne , no :firm conclusions could be reached as to their . adequacy as wind tracers since the motions of some targets were 9losely related to that of the. 'wind and others were not. This vari­ ability may be attributed to the fa.ct that related wind measurements . were made at different times and locations, and that 'CAR motion was determined from only a small number of measurements. 3 The Doppler radar techniques present~d in this paper offer an improved means of observing CAR motion and determining its correla­ tion with the wind. Such techniques require only a few milliseconds to obtain accurate Doppler frequency estimates. Moreover, with'an adequate data acquisition scheme, statistics of motion can be deter­ mined for all the targets around the radar. The atmospheric volume explored by this technique is defined by an area of several square miles and a vertical extent of approximately 2 km, If the radar beam is fixed, the number of targets observed during a certain time depends on both their advection and their density. However, with radar beam scanning, the number of targets observed during a certain time does not involve advection, and is only a function of the vol­ ume sca.nned. Scanning provides observation of a gr.eater number of targets and, therefore, improves the reliability of the statistics of motion derived from the observations. ~t must be noted that the scanning speed is limited by the fact that the target must remain in the radar beam for at least a few milliseconds, in order to avoid the production of spurious. Dop­ pler'frequeneies related to the Fourier transform of the signal time function. On the other hand, the probing technique is optimized when the total time for exploration is no longer than that required to observe a fresh supply of targets. For probing the horizontal air motion, the radar beam is scanned in azimuth at a fixed elevation angle, 9.. The altitude at which Doppler observations are made is determined by sampling the signals in a narrow range gate at range R and altitude R sin 9 • This is equivalent to exploring a circuJ.ar region at an altitude and horizontal radius defined by the selected range and the radar beam elevation angle. The radial motion which is derived from the Doppler frequency shift is represented by the projection of the target motion vector on the axis of the radar beam, assuming it to be narrow. Fqr example, assume that the targets are at the same alti tude and mOving in the same direction with identical speeds. The target radialv$locity along the beam, VR, is resolved into horizontal and vertical components Vh and Vz according to: (1) . where 9 is the elevation angle, and t3 is the difference between the azimuth of the wind vector and the azimuth of the radar ·beam. Equation (1) and the"associated'method is similar to that presented by Lhe~tte and Atlas [19J, Lhermitte [17], Boucher et al. [6J, for the study of precipitation particle motion. The work contained in this paper is based on CAR speed meas- 4 urements obtained using the above method in a study of atmospheric motion in central Oklahoma. This scheme has been found to be ade­ quate when a large number of targets is observed during a single azimuth scan. An experimental 1!X" band pulse Doppler radar, which has been described elsewhere (Lhermitte & Kessler [20J) has been used to ob­ serve and record target radial velocity.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Contrails to Cirrus—Morphology, Microphysics, and Radiative Properties
    JANUARY 2006 ATLAS ET AL. 5 Contrails to Cirrus—Morphology, Microphysics, and Radiative Properties DAVID ATLAS Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland ZHIEN WANG* Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland DAVID P. DUDA National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia (Manuscript received 27 December 2004, in final form 30 June 2005) ABSTRACT This work is two pronged, discussing 1) the morphology of contrails and their transition to cirrus uncinus, and 2) their microphysical and radiative properties. It is based upon the fortuitous occurrence of an unusual set of essentially parallel contrails and the unanticipated availability of nearly simultaneous observations by photography, satellite, automated ground-based lidar, and a newly available database of aircraft flight tracks. The contrails, oriented from the northeast to southwest, are carried to the southeast with a com- ponent of the wind so that they are spread from the northwest to southeast. Convective turrets form along each contrail to form the cirrus uncinus with fallstreaks of ice crystals that are oriented essentially normal to the contrail length. Each contrail is observed sequentially by the lidar and tracked backward to the time and position of the originating aircraft track with the appropriate component of the wind. The correlation coefficient between predicted and actual time of arrival at the lidar is 0.99, so that one may identify both visually and satellite-observed contrails exactly. Contrails generated earlier in the westernmost flight cor- ridor occasionally arrive simultaneously with those formed later closer to the lidar to produce broader cirrus fallstreaks and overlapping contrails on the satellite image.
    [Show full text]
  • Radar Calibration Some Simple Approaches
    RADAR CALIBRATION SOME SIMPLE APPROACHES BY DAVID ATLAS I - « In considering new and promising methods to calibrate radar, it is worth remembering some of the old and perhaps forgotten methods that were used over the last half century. uring the Radar Calibration Workshop at the shop. While formalizing these remarks in writing I 81st Annual Meeting of the American Meteo- thought it would be useful to elaborate upon them and Drological Society in Albuquerque, New Mexico, discuss some newer approaches. Thus this paper at- in January 2001,1 was surprised at the relatively little tempts to synthesize a range of techniques. A com- attention given to some of the simplest and proven mon thread that runs throughout is the calibration of methods. This stimulated some extemporaneous re- the overall system by use of standard or well-defined marks that I presented toward the end of the work- targets external to the radar. In part, I was troubled by the apparent lack of fa- miliarity of some of the younger generation with early AFFILIATION: ATLAS—NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, activities in this realm. I was also reacting to the re- Greenbelt, Maryland cent findings of the variability in the calibrations of CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: David Atlas, Distinguished Visiting Scientist, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 910, the Weather Surveillance Radars-1988 Doppler Greenbelt, MD 20771 (WSR-88Ds) around the nation that have been uncov- E-mail: [email protected] In final form 22 May 2002 Above: In the early 1970s, Atlas used BBs to cali- ©2002 American Meteorological Society brate the vertically pointing frequency modulated- continuous wave (FM-CW) radar.
    [Show full text]
  • Radar in Meteorology Radar in Meteorology: Battan Memorial And
    RADAR IN METEOROLOGY RADAR IN METEOROLOGY: BATTAN MEMORIAL AND 40TH ANNIVERSARY RADAR METEOROLOGY CONFERENCE EDITED BY DAVID ATLAS American Meteorological Society Boston 1990 © American Meteorological Society 1990 Originally published by American Meteorological Society Boston in 1990 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this publication in scientific and educational works is hereby granted, provided the source is acknowledged. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN 978-0-933876-86-6 ISBN 978-1-935704-15-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-935704-15-7 Typeset and printed in the United States of America by Lancaster Press, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Section openers designed by Helga Hardy. Published by the American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02176. Richard E. Hallgren, Executive Director Kenneth C. Spengler, Executive Director Emeritus Evelyn Mazur, Assistant Executive Director Arlyn S. Powell, Jr., Publications Manager Editorial support provided by Laura Westlund, Pamela Jones, Jon Feld, Linda Esche, Brenda Gray, Harold Nagel, and Susan McClung. Table of Contents Preface . 1x Acknowledgments . x1 Tribute to Professor Louis J. Battan Xlll I. HISTORY 1 Early Developments of Weather Radar during World War II . 3 ].0. Fletcher 2 Weather Radar in the United States Army's Fort Monmouth Laboratories . 7 Donald M. Swingle 3 Radar Meteorology at Radiation Laboratory, MIT, 1941 to 1947 . 16 Isadore Katz and Patrick f.
    [Show full text]
  • IN the SUPREME COURT of OHIO STATE of OHIO, Ex Rel. Michael T
    Supreme Court of Ohio Clerk of Court - Filed September 04, 2015 - Case No. 2015-1472 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO STATE OF OHIO, ex rel. Michael T. McKibben, Original Action in Mandamus an Ohio citizen, Relator, Case No. ____________________ vs. MICHAEL V. DRAKE, an Ohio public servant, Respondent. COMPLAINT FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS Michael T. McKibben Michael V. Drake 1676 Tendril Court 80 North Drexel Columbus, Ohio 43229-1429 Bexley, Ohio 43209-1427 (614) 890-3141 614-292-2424 [email protected] [email protected] RELATOR, PRO SE RESPONDENT TABLE OF CONTENTS Case Caption ........................................................................................................................ i Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ ii Exhibits .............................................................................................................................. iii Table of Authorities .............................................................................................................v Ohio Cases ..................................................................................................................v California Cases ..........................................................................................................v Federal Cases ..............................................................................................................v Ohio Ethics Commission ............................................................................................v
    [Show full text]
  • General Disclaimer One Or More of the Following Statements May Affect
    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850007964 2020-03-20T20:30:44+00:00Z View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NASA Technical Reports Server General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) i (NASA-TM-86167) SIMULTANEOUS OCEAN X85-16273 CROSS-SECTION AND RAItiFALL MEASUREMENTS FROM k SPACE WITH A NADIR-PCINTING RADAR ( NASA) 46 p HC A03/MF A01 CSCL 04B Unclaz G3/43 13002 N/` A Technical Memorandum 86167 SIMULTANEOUS OCEAN CROSS- SECTION AND RAINFALL MEASURE- MENTS FROM SPACE WITH A NADIR-POINTING RADAR Robert Meneghini and David Atlas NOVEMBER 1984 i t j 1 i National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center i Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 i i 1 '. a Y MW_tom. v - TM-86167 SIMULTANEOUS OCEAN CROSS-SECTION AND RAINFALL MEASUREMENTS FROM SPACE WITH A NADIR-POINTING RADAR Robert Meneghini and David Atlas November 1984 I GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Greenbelt.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Discrimination of Bird and Insect Radar
    Discrimination of Bird and Insect Radar Echoes in Clear-Air Using High-Resolution Radars William J. Martin* Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma Alan Shapiro Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms and School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma Submitted to Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology April, 2006 Revised August, 2006 Revised October, 2006 *Corresponding author address: Dr. William Martin Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms National Weather Center, Suite 2500 120 David L. Boren Blvd. Norman, OK 73072 Phone: (405) 325-0402 E-mail: [email protected] 1 Abstract The source of clear-air reflectivity from operational and research meteorological radars has been a subject of much debate and study over the entire history of radar meteorology. Recent studies have suggested that bird migrations routinely contaminate wind profiles obtained at night, while historical studies have suggested insects as the main source of such nocturnal clear-air echo. This study analyzes two cases of nocturnal clear-air return using data from operational WSR-88D radars and X- and W-band research radars. The research radars have sufficient resolution to resolve the echo as point targets in some cases. By examining the radar cross-section of the resolved point targets, and by determining the target density, it is found for both cases of nocturnal clear-air echo, that the targets are almost certainly insects. The analysis of the dependence of the echo strength on radar wavelength also supports this conclusion. 2 1. Introduction Shortly after the invention of radar, radar echoes were received from optically clear air and scientists struggled to explain the source of these signals.
    [Show full text]
  • PATH to NEXRAD Doppler Radar Development at the National Severe Storms Laboratory
    PATH TO NEXRAD Doppler Radar Development at the National Severe Storms Laboratory BY RODGER A. BROWN AND JOHN M. LEWIS Evolution of events at the National Severe Storms Laboratory during the 1960s and 1970s played an important role in the U.S. government's decision to build the current national network of NEXRAD, or WSR-88D radars. n 1959, 31 people lost their lives in an airplane in developing important new guidelines for the safety accident over Maryland. The fuel tanks in the of flight in the vicinity of thunderstorms (e.g., Kessler IViscount aircraft were struck by lightning and 1990). the resulting explosion and fire led to the fatal crash. In 1962, NSSP placed a research Weather Sur- This event, and several other aircraft accidents that veillance Radar-1957 (WSR-57) radar in Norman, were associated with severe weather, led to the cre- Oklahoma, at the new field facility called the Weather ation of the National Severe Storms Project (NSSP) Radar Laboratory. The following year a decision in 1961 with Clayton Van Thullenar as director and was made to transfer the entire NSSP operation to Chester Newton as chief scientist (Galway 1992). As Norman, where it was reorganized as the National part of NSSP, which was headquartered in Kansas Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). Not only was the City, Missouri, Project Rough Rider was established operation of NSSP transferred, but a larger mission to fly instrumented aircraft into storms and compare was envisioned by the new U.S. Weather Bureau the relationship of radar echo strength with aircraft- (USWB) chief, Robert White.
    [Show full text]
  • CALL for PA??Jtf ANNOUNCEMENT Wide-Ranging Opportunities in the Association Representing Large and Eighth Annual AMS Student Con- Atmospheric and Related Sciences
    CALL FOR PA??jtf ANNOUNCEMENT wide-ranging opportunities in the association representing large and Eighth Annual AMS Student Con- atmospheric and related sciences. small reinsurance brokers and direct ference and Career Fair, 10-11 Janu- Important eligibility requirement: writer companies and U.S. subsidiar- ary 2009, Phoenix, Arizona You must be an AMS member or ies of foreign companies, will host student member in order to attend "Cat Modeling in Uncertain Times," Join us for the Eighth Annual AMS the conference. 17-20 February 2009 at the Grand Student Conference and Career Fair, Sessions will include invited Hyatt Tampa Bay in Tampa, Florida. "Weathering Your Career—Now speakers from the private, academic, The conference features provocative and in the Future," sponsored by the and government sectors. A career fair discussions from respected industry American Meteorological Society, and networking evening is scheduled leaders on topics such as modeling Saturday-Sunday, 10-11 January to provide a forum for students to comparison, the increasing uncer- 2009 as part of the 89th AMS An- personally interact with professionals tainty about model results and inter- nual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona. who represent potential employers pretation, the growing debate about Registration, hotel, and general in- and graduate institutions. In addi- modeling regulation, and the degree formation is posted on the AMS Web tion to the conference sessions, Dr. to which underwriters should rely site (www.ametsoc.org). A registra- David Schultz, chief editor, Monthly on modeling output when making tion fee of $25 has been set for this Weather Review and professor, Uni- underwriting decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Goddard Welcomes New Elcomes New Center Director Center
    Sept 2004 Issue 9 Vol 1 Goddard Welcomes New Center Director, Goddard Welcomes Weiler Front Dr. Ed Weiler Photo by Chris Gunn/293 NASA Partners with NFB ..... Pg 2 Dr. Ed Weiler e-Payroll Is A Go ................. Pg 3 By Nancy Neal Congressional Saffers Visit . Pg 4 After only a month on the job, Center Remembering Mr. Bandeen . Pg 5 Director Ed Weiler made time on his busy LDP Graduates Honored ...... Pg 7 schedule to sit down with Goddard News Explorer School Team Members to discuss his plans and goals for the Get Back to School .............. Pg 9 Center’s future. In the Safety Corner Backpack Injuries ............. Pg 10 Dr. Weiler is not a newcomer to the NASA family. Prior to becoming NASA Goddard’s NASA Goddard Center Director, Dr. Ed Weiler 2004 SHARP Program Concludes ......................... Pg 11 Center Director, he served as the Associate Administrator for NASA’s Space Science Enterprise from 1998 to 2004. Safety Alerts ...................... Pg 12 Under his leadership, the Enterprise had numerous successes, including the Chandra, EQUIS Campaign Goes to NEAR, WMAP, FUSE, Spitzer, Mars Odyssey, and Mars Exploration Rover missions. Kwajalein ........................... Pg 12 Employee Spotlight Below is a transcript of the interview with our new Center Director. Bill Townsend .................... Pg 13 Summer Interns ................ Pg 14 Based on NASA’s Transformation, where do you see NASA Goddard fitting into the New Vision? Solar Dynamics Observatory ....................... Pg 15 There are some obvious places where we fit into the Vision, for example the Robotic Workshop Gives Insight to Lunar Program; we have overall responsibility for the program.
    [Show full text]
  • Contrails of Small and Very Large Optical Depth
    SEPTEMBER 2010 A T L A S A N D W A N G 3065 Contrails of Small and Very Large Optical Depth DAVID ATLAS NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Silver Spring, Maryland ZHIEN WANG Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming (Manuscript received 8 December 2009, in final form 27 April 2010) ABSTRACT This work deals with two kinds of contrails. The first comprises a large number of optically thin contrails near the tropopause. They are mapped geographically using a lidar to obtain their height and a camera to obtain azimuth and elevation. These high-resolution maps provide the local contrail geometry and the amount of optically clear atmosphere. The second kind is a single trail of unprecedentedly large optical thickness that occurs at a lower height. The latter was observed fortuitously when an aircraft moving along the wind direction passed over the lidar, thus providing measurements for more than 3 h and an equivalent distance of 620 km. It was also observed by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) sensors. The lidar measured an optical depth of 2.3. The corresponding extinction coefficient of 0.023 km21 and ice water content of 0.063 g m23 are close to the maximum values found for midlatitude cirrus. The associated large radar reflectivity compares to that measured by ultrasensitive radar, thus providing support for the reality of the large optical depth. 1. Introduction 2. Photographic observations We have had a longstanding interest in the nature and Photographs were taken to the southwest and east of origin of contrails both from the point of view of the cloud the Atlas residence between 1451 and 1530 UTC (Times physics and from the continuing concern about their in- are rounded to the nearest minute; all times are in UTC.).
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded 10/11/21 06:56 AM UTC Vol
    members ol commissions, boards, and committees* EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE** D. Atlas C. L. Hosier, Jr. D. S. Johnson W. H. Best, Jr. P. M. Austin E. S. Epstein K. C. Spengler D. F. Landrigan COMMITTEES OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Awards Chairman: Dr. Cecil E. Leith, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colo. 80303 Loren W. Crow, Certified Consulting Meteorologist, 2422 South Downing St., Denver, Colo. 80210 Willard S. Houston, Jr., Capt., USAF, Commander, Naval Weather Service Command Headquarters, Washington Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. 20374 Prof. Richard M. Schotland, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. 85721 Dr. Frederick G. Shuman, Director, National Meteorological Center, NOAA, World Weather Building, 5200 Auth Road, Washington, D.C. 20233 * The Executive Director is an ex officio member of all commissions, boards and committees. * * Addresses listed on page 802. Bulletin American Meteorological Society 805 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/11/21 06:56 AM UTC Vol. 56, No. 8, August 1975 Nominating Chairman: Dr. Fred D. White, Head, Atmospheric Sciences Section, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. 20550 Prof. Donna W. Blake, Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Talla- hassee, Fla. B2306 Paul W. Kadlec, Manager—Meteorology, Continental Airlines, Los Angeles Inter- national Airport, Los Angeles, Calif. 90009 Dr. Douglas H. Sargeant, Director, World Weather Program Office, NOAA, Rockville, Md. 20852 Dr. Warren M. Washington, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colo. 80303 COMMITTEES OF THE COUNCIL Fellows and Chairman: Brig. Gen. William H. Best, Jr., USAF (Ret.), 105 Florence St., Lebanon, 111. Honorary Members 62254 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded 10/08/21 07:08 AM UTC Vol
    members ot commissions, boards, and committees EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE D. S. Johnson D. Atlas W. W. Kellogg F. G. Shuman W. H. Best P. D. McTaggart-Cowan K. C. Spengler D. F. Landrigan COMMITTEES OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Awards Chairman: Dr. Helmut E. Landsberg, Institute for Fluid Dynamics and Applied Mathe- matics, University of Maryland, College Park, Md. 20742 Dr. Glenn R. Hilst, Aeronautical Research Associates of Princeton, Inc., 50 Washington Road, Princeton, N.J. 08540 Dr. Cecil E. Leith, Jr., National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colo. 80303 Thomas D. Potter, Col., USAF, 51 Harmon Drive, Lebanon, 111. 62254 Dr. Robert M. White, Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- tion, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230 Bulletin American Meteorological Society 947 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/08/21 07:08 AM UTC Vol. 55, No. 8, August 1974 Nominating Chairman: Dr. George S. Benton, Vice President, Homewood Divisions, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. 21218 William J. Kotsch, R. Adm., USN, 1772 Shaftsbury Ave., Crofton, Md. 21113 Dr. Margaret A. Lemone, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colo. 80303 Silvio G. Simplicio, Director, Eastern Region, National Weather Service, NOAA, 585 Stewart Ave., Garden City, N.Y. 11530 Dr. Fred D. White, Head, Atmospheric Sciences Section, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. 20550 COMMITTEES OF THE COUNCIL Fellows and Chairman: Dr. Frederick G. Shuman, Director, National Meteorological Center, NOAA, Honorary Members Suitland, Md. 20023 Dr. Louis J. Battan, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. 85721 William H. Best, Jr., Brig.
    [Show full text]