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Hawaiian Plants Na¯ Mea Kanu Hawai‘iHawai‘i HAWAIIAN PLANTS VINES, GRASSES & GROUNDCOVERS Pā‘ū-o-Hi‘iaka Nehe Dwarf Naupaka ‘Ae‘ae Palapalai Kupukupu Jacquemontia sandwicensis Melanthera integrifolia Scaevola coriacea Bacopa monnieri Microlepia strigosa Nephrolepis cordifolia 0 – 3 Feet Height 0 – 3 Feet Photos: Forest & Kim Starr Photos: Forest & Kim Starr Photo: David Eickhoff | Inset: Forest & Kim Starr Photo: Forest & Kim Starr | Inset: David Eickhoff Photo: David Eickhoff | Inset: Forest & Kim Starr Photos: Forest & Kim Starr Pili Grass Kāwelu ‘Uki‘uki Pōhinahina ‘Ilie‘e O‘ahu Sedge Heteropogon contortus Eragrostis variabilis Dianella sandwicensis Vitex rotundifolia Plumbago zeylanica Carex wahuensis subsp. wahuensis 3 – 6 Feet Photo: Forest & Kim Starr | Inset: David Eickhoff Photo: Forest & Kim Starr Photos: Forest & Kim Starr Photo: David Eickhoff | Inset: Forest & Kim Starr Photo: David Eickhoff | Inset: Forest & Kim Starr Photo: David Eickhoff | Inset: Forest & Kim Starr SHRUBS Maiapilo ‘Āweoweo ‘Akoko ‘Ākia Ma‘o ‘Ilima Capparis sandwichiana Chenopodium oahuense Euphorbia celastroides Wikstroemia uva-ursi var. uva-ursi Gossypium tomentosum Sida fallax – 10 Feet 2 1 2 Photos: David Eickhoff Photo: David Eickhoff | Inset: J.B. Friday Photos: David Eickhoff Photo: David Eickhoff | Inset: J.B. Friday Photos: David Eickhoff Photo: David Eickhoff | Inset: Forest & Kim Starr Ko‘oloa ‘ula ‘Ūlei Ma‘o Hau Hele Kulu‘ī ‘A‘ali‘i Naupaka Kuahiwi Abutilon menziesii Osteomeles anthyllidifolia Hibiscus brackenridgei Nototrichium sandwicense Dodonaea viscosa Scaevola gaudichaudii 10 – 15 Feet Photos: David Eickhoff Photos: David Eickhoff Photo: David Eickhoff | Inset: Forest & Kim Starr Photo: David Eickhoff | Inset: Forest & Kim Starr Photos: Forest & Kim Starr Photos: David Eickhoff TREES & PALMS Nā‘ū ‘Iliahialo‘e Koai‘a Kou Hāpu‘u Māmaki Gardenia brighamii Santalum ellipticum Acacia koaia Cordia subcordata Cibotium spp. Pipturus albidus 15 – 30 Feet Photos: Forest & Kim Starr Photo: Forest & Kim Starr | Inset: David Eickhoff Photo: J.B. Friday | Inset: David Eickhoff Photos: David Eickhoff Photos: Forest & Kim Starr Photos: Forest & Kim Starr Wiliwili Hō‘awa Alahe‘e Milo Loulu ‘Ōhi‘a Lehua Erythrina sandwicensis Pittosporum spp. Psydrax odorata Thespesia populnea Pritchardia spp. Metrosideros polymorpha 30+ Feet Photos: Forest & Kim Starr Photos: David Eickhoff Photos: David Eickhoff Photos: David Eickhoff Photos: David Eickhoff Photo: David Eickhoff | Inset: Chris Dacus Dry Partial Sun Indigenous Endangered Species Wet Shade Pollinators Cultural Significance Full Sun Endemic Salt & Wind Tolerant oha.org FOR MORE INFORMATION, GO TO DATA.BISHOPMUSEUM.ORG/ETHNOBOTANYDB OR NATIVEPLANTS.HAWAII.EDU hawaiian plants Aloha ‘Ia Na¯ Mea Kanu Hawai‘i BE L OVED A RE th E hawaiian plants GENERAL NATIVE PLANT USAGE GUIDELINES: 1. Golden rule: Use of native plants should never endanger their wild populations 2. Comply with all applicable DLNR permitting requirements for any collection of native plants from the wild. Remember that many native plant species are considered threatened or endangered and may be subject to special legal protections. 3. Collect native plants only if you are a trained individual. Native ground cover vegetation can be damaged very easily. Avoid unnecessary damage to collection sites by staying on or near established trails. 4. When collecting common species with a permit, collect less than 5 percent of total seeds from each plant. 5. When collecting, propagating and planting native plants, replicate nature’s genetic diversity. Ideally, collect from 8-10 plants per population and a total of 3-5 populations. Keep good records of the location and description of parent plants. Note provenance of plants throughout propagation to installation. 6. Use native plants from your island even if the species distribution is statewide. 7. Avoid moving native plants interisland. 8. Do not import native plants from outside of Hawai‘i. 9. Purchase native plants from an established plant nursery. 10. Use native plants in your landscaping only and do not outplant them in natural areas. VINES, GRASSES & GROUNDCOVERS Pā‘ū-o-Hi‘iaka Nehe Dwarf Naupaka ‘Ae‘ae Palapalai Kupukupu Jacquemontia sandwicensis Melanthera integrifolia Scaevola coriacea Bacopa monnieri Microlepia strigosa Nephrolepis cordifolia VEGETATION COMMUNITY Coastal VEGETATION COMMUNITY Coastal, Dry Forest, Mesic VEGETATION COMMUNITY Coastal VEGETATION COMMUNITY Coastal, Riparian VEGETATION COMMUNITY Dry to Moderately Wet Forest VEGETATION COMMUNITY Mesic PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE Seeds and Cuttings PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE Seeds and Cuttings PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE Seeds and Cuttings PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE Stem Cuttings PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE By Division or Spores PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE By Division or Spores TIMING Use Small Tan/Brown Dry TIMING Use Dry Brown Achenes TIMING Use Soft White or Purple Seeds TIMING Use Stem Cuttings During Cool TIMING Divide Full Pots in Halves or Thirds TIMING Divide Full Pots in Halves or Thirds Seeds Along Stem READY FOR OUTPLANTING 6 Months Morning Hours READY FOR OUTPLANTING 6 months READY FOR OUTPLANTING 3 Months From Division READY FOR OUTPLANTING 3 Months From Division READY FOR OUTPLANTING 5-6 months READY FOR OUTPLANTING 3 Months PLANTING SPACING 12 Inches PLANTING SPACING 12-24 inches PLANTING SPACING 24-36 inches PLANTING SPACING 12-36 inches PLANTING SPACING 12-24 inches PLANTING SPACING 12-24 Inches TOLERANCES Drought, Wind, Salt, Heat TOLERANCES Drought, Wind TOLERANCES Drought, Wind, Salt, Heat TOLERANCES Wind, Heat ISLAND DISTRIBUTION Ni‘ihau, Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, TOLERANCES Waterlogged Soil, Wind, Salt TOLERANCES Drought, Wind, Salt, Heat ISLAND DISTRIBUTION Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Lāna‘i, Lāna‘i, Maui, Kaho‘olawe, ISLAND DISTRIBUTION Ni‘ihau, Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, ISLAND DISTRIBUTION Ni‘ihau, Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, ISLAND DISTRIBUTION Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Lāna‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i ISLAND DISTRIBUTION Ni‘ihau, Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i, Northwest Islands Lāna‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i Lana‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i, Northwest Maui, Hawai‘i PEST & DISEASE INFO Generally pest free, but may be Lāna‘i, Maui, Kaho‘olawe, Hawai‘i PEST & DISEASE INFO Ants, Scale, Spittle Bugs, Islands PEST & DISEASE INFO Slugs, Ants, Aphids, Spittle Bug, PEST & DISEASE INFO Caterpillars and scale infested with ants, mealybugs, PEST & DISEASE INFO Ants, Mealybugs, and Slugs and Mealy Bugs and Spider Mites. PEST & DISEASE INFO Slugs and Snails HOW TO USE THE PLANT Groundcover, Indoor scale, and slugs SOIL TYPES Sand, Cinder, Coral SOIL TYPES Sand, Cinder, Coral SOIL TYPES Clay, Sand, Cinder, Coral SOIL TYPES Sand, Cinder, Organic CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE Associated with hula HOW TO USE THE PLANT Groundcover, Indoor, Specimen, HOW TO USE THE PLANT Groundcover HOW TO USE THE PLANT Groundcover, Hedge, Specimen, HOW TO USE THE PLANT Groundcover, Hedge, Xeriscape HOW TO USE THE PLANT Groundcover, Xeriscape Xeriscape Riparian, Rain Garden CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE Flowers were used to make lei CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE Symbolized sprouting 0 – 3 Feet Height 0 – 3 Feet CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE Protected the goddess Hi‘iaka MAJOR POLLINATORS Bees, Flies, Moths MAJOR POLLINATORS Bees, Flies knowledge Pili Grass Kāwelu ‘Uki‘uki Pōhinahina ‘Ilie‘e O‘ahu Sedge Heteropogon contortus Eragrostis variabilis Dianella sandwicensis Vitex rotundifolia Plumbago zeylanica Carex wahuensis subsp. wahuensis VEGETATION COMMUNITY Dry Forest VEGETATION COMMUNITY Coastal, Dry Forest VEGETATION COMMUNITY Mesic, Riparian VEGETATION COMMUNITY Coastal VEGETATION COMMUNITY Coastal, Dry Forest VEGETATION COMMUNITY Dry Forest, Mesic PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE Seeds PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE Seeds and Cuttings PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE Seeds, Cuttings, Air Layering PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE Seeds and Cuttings PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE Seeds and Cuttings PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE Seeds and Cuttings TIMING Use Dry Brown Seed TIMING Use Dry Brown Seed TIMING Use Soft and Dark Blue Seeds TIMING Use Round Blackish Fruit TIMING Use when Browning and TIMING Use Dry Brown Seed Shedding from Stems READY FOR OUTPLANTING 6-12 Months READY FOR OUTPLANTING 6-12 Months READY FOR OUTPLANTING 6-12 Months READY FOR OUTPLANTING 6-12 Months READY FOR OUTPLANTING 3-6 Months READY FOR OUTPLANTING 6 Months PLANTING SPACING 18-24 Inches PLANTING SPACING 18-24 Inches PLANTING SPACING 24-36 Inches PLANTING SPACING 24-36 Inches PLANTING SPACING 18-24 Inches PLANTING SPACING 24 Inches TOLERANCES Drought, Wind, Salt, Heat TOLERANCES Drought, Wind, Salt, Heat TOLERANCES Drought, Salt, Wind, Heat TOLERANCES Drought, Salt, Wind, Heat TOLERANCES Drought, Wind TOLERANCES Drought, Wind, Heat ISLAND DISTRIBUTION Ni‘ihau, Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, ISLAND DISTRIBUTION Ni‘ihau, Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, ISLAND DISTRIBUTION Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, ISLAND DISTRIBUTION Ni’ihau, Kaua‘i, O’ahu, Moloka’i, ISLAND DISTRIBUTION Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Lāna‘i, Maui, Kaho‘olawe, Hawai‘i Lāna‘i, Maui, Kaho‘olawe, Lāna‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i Lāna’i, Maui, and Hawai’i ISLAND DISTRIBUTION Ni‘ihau, Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Moloka‘i, Lāna‘i, Maui, Hawai‘i Hawai‘i, Northwest Islands Lāna‘i, Maui, Kaho‘olawe, Hawai‘i PEST & DISEASE INFO Scale, Mealybugs, Locusts, PEST & DISEASE INFO Mealybugs, Scale and Ants PEST & DISEASE INFO Ants, Scale, Aphids, Mealy Bugs, PEST & DISEASE INFO Ants, Scale, Thrips, Mealybugs, PEST & DISEASE INFO Ants, Scale, Mealybugs, PEST & DISEASE INFO Ants, Mealybugs, Aphids, Scales, and Grasshoppers and Aphids 3 – 6 Feet and Spittle Bugs and Aphids SOIL TYPES Cinder, Organic Slugs, and Chinese Rose Beetles
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