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nan u /\ii hotiji to A NEWS BULLETI N •V x S» W*a" p u b l i s h e d q u a r t e r l y b y t h e N E W Z E A L A N D A N T A R C T I C S O C I E T Y ( I N C ) .1*1 m-j® •""•r ;i»*? 14 , ,- t^P-r M~3 A UNITED STATES NAVY HELICOPTER CREW WAITS TO PICK UP SCIENTISTS AT WORK IN ONE OF THE DRY VALLEYS OF VICTORIA LAND. FOR THE LAST 20 YEARS THE NAVY'S VXE6 SQUADRON HAS PROVIDED SUPPORT FOR AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE ANTARCTIC. U.S. Navy Photo i">:fl ^H ■■ Vol. 7 No. 5 Registered at Post Office Headquarters. Wellington, New Zealand, as a magazine. March, 1975 AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND TASMANIA tm oSS DEPENDENCy * Haiku (US) I (jj« \\(NZ, V ANTARCTICA,,\ / l \ A h Pl«l«lu (US)0< Alferel Sobnl (Arf)* VJcn.nl Beljnno (Arj^r ^ING MAUO\ *H.itcr B»y (UK) / '?>5*—* < U S S R ) X A ° * V VAY ) . S & > ' 2>< •^ %^Wr<^w: Bor» Mini! \ _s^ -v .(. J> 9\VSljny I (UK) W. W w (Successor Jo "Antarctic News Bulletin") Vol. 7 No. 5 77th ISSUE March, 1975 Editor: J. M. CAFFIN, 35 Chepstow Avenue, Christchurch 5. Address all contributions, enquiries, etc., to the Editor. All Business Communications, Subscriptions, etc., to: Secretary, New Zealand Antarctic Society (Inc.), P.O. Box 1223, Christchurch, N.Z. CONTENTS POLAR ACTIVITIES NEW ZEALAND 133 - 143 UNITED KINGDOM 150 UNITED STATES 152 - 159 JAPAN 160 SOVIET UNION 162 GENERAL VICTORIA UNIVERSITY 144 - 146 WAIKATO UNIVERSITY 148 CANTERBURY UNIVERSITY 147 THE READER WRITES 163 OBITUARY 164 - 167 Inflation and the world economic situation have begun to affect scientific research in Antarctica. The United States National Science Foundation may have to reduce its expenditure next season; the British Antarctic Survey has been forced to economise already, and has closed Antarctic Peninsula bases. Research programmes can be continued on a reduced scale. Econo mies can be made in the use of transport which is now a more costly item because of the world fuel crisis. It is not likely that all the nations involved in Antarctic research will abandon it altogether. But there is one danger. Some nations might begin to count the cost, and conclude that exploitation of the continent's re sources would provide a better return than research. ANTARCTIC March 1975 ERUPTIONS ON EREBUS STOP CRATER STUDY Violent eruptions from an explosive vent in the inner crater of Mount Erebus prevented the New Zealand-French-United States expedition from achieving one of the major objectives of its scientific study of one of Antarctica's two active volcanoes. After more than three weeks on the mountain, the expedition abandoned on December 23 the planned descent into the inner crater to collect samples of gas and lava. The violence and frequency of the explosions made the proposed descent too dangerous. Although the expedition was unable In addition to its scientific studies, the to descend into the inner crater of Ere expedition established the height of Ere bus, it was 90 per cent successful. Bad bus at 12,464ft. Since James Clark Ross weather, low temperatures, and damage named the mountain in 1841 its height to equipment by a lava bomb hurled has been estimated at 12,500ft to 13,500 from the inner crater, did not prevent ft. Two surveyors from the New Zea the scientists from obtaining valuable land Lands and Survey Department, results. They monitored the activity in Messrs J. Williams and J. Rothcray. the inner crater, and made detailed vul- camped on the mountain for three canological measurements and observ weeks, beginning last November, worked ations. out its height within 5ft either way, and Three scientists from the Victoria Uni mapped the summit and the main and versity of Wellington expedition worked inner craters. on Erebus. Dr R. R. Dibble obtained Dr H. Tazieff, one of the world's lead a valuable harvest of seismological re ing vulcanologists, who led the Fn cordings from the inner crater, and four party, has described Erebus as the vi around the rim. Mr P. R. Kyle, who has canologists' Mount Everest. He wouiu spent four summers doing field work for like to attempt the descent into the inner his petrographic and chemical study of crater again, and so would the leader the McMurdo volcanics, made a series of of the expedition, Mr S. M. Norman. ;cological observations, and Mr H. R. But another expedition next season is Ceys, who has mapped and collected saline deposits in the McMurdo region unlikely unless there is a considerable decrease in the activity of the inner during earlier expeditions, obtained samples of crystallised sulphates, chlor crater. ides and others salts. FUTURE PLANS GAS SAMPLINGS Mr R. B. Thomson, superintendent of Dr \V. W. Giggenbach, a geochemist the Antarctic Division, D.S.I.R., says from the Department of Scientific and that early next season monitoring equip Industrial Research, who explored the ment will be put on Erebus, and visual main crater cf Erc'ous in 1972, made a observations will be made as well. If series of gas samplings. One of the there is a significant decrease in the Frenchmen. Dr F. Le Guern. made a series of samplings of gas containing amount of volcanic activity, the Antarc radio-active radon gas, and other gases, tic Division will consider putting an to make isotopic measurements. Dr J. other team on the mountain to get inside C. Sarbroux measured the speed of the the inner crater. But a decision depends on the observations made by the winter gas outflor with a new British-designed instrument. team at Scott Base. March 1975 Members of the Erebus expedition at work in the volcano's main crater. They are putting in a ropeway to give access to the inner crater. U.S. Navy Photo March 1975 When Mr Norman returned to New to gale force again with snow at night. Zealand late in January he described During the break the Frenchmen cut the whole Erebus project as a tremend snow blocks and stacked them round ous success. In addition to the scien the tents as a protection against the tific results, the expedition learned a wind. great deal about access to the volcano's When the 36-hour blizzard ended, and two craters, living on a 12,450ft moun the members of the expedition crawled tain, and logistics. out of their tents, the first job was to clear the snow from the mess tent. Then Activity in the inner crater was noted first by the parly which flew to Erebus they were able to have their first hot on October 15 to establish a base camp. meal for 24 hours. During the storm When he returned to Scott Base Mr they ate chocolate, raisins, and other Norman reported that soft, rocky dried foods. material was being hurled in-o the main Two New Zealand scientists. Drs. Gig- crater from an explosive vent in the genbach and Dibble, were at the base inner crater. Eruptions occurred four or camp about 500ft below the summit. five times a day. and material was flung They did not fare so well in the blizzard, 150ft high above the lip of the inner and five of the seven tents at the site were blown down. By December 11 the crater, which is 200ft to 300ft below the main crater. weather had cleared, and the tempera ture had risen to a balmy minus lOdeg FIRST CAMP Celsius. The next day a Navy heli Because of the dangers of altitude copter, which had to operate almost at sickness the main body of the expedi its upper limit, ferried the 10 men and tion acclimatised at a camp established their equipment to the base camp. on Fang Glacier on the north-east slopes HELICOPTER FLIGHTS of Erebus at a height of between 8500ft and 9000ft. The camp was below the When all the expedition members were summit camp and three miles away. at the summit camp, they began prepar ations for the descent into the inner Helicopters of the United States crater of Erebus. A flying fox was rig Navy's VXE6 Squadron made four ged from the rim of the main crater tc flights to the Fang Glacier camp on the floor 300ft below to carry loads of December 7 with 10 members of the equipment, and ropes and climbing aids expedition and their equipment. The were put down the crater wall. sun was shining brilliantly and there A Navy helicopter made four flights was not a breath of wind. Six hours from the summit camp with heavy later swirling snow reduced visibility equipment, landing on a tiny pad dug almost to zero, and the blizzard was out of the scoria slope by members of whipped up by winds gusting from 60 the expedition. From the pad it flew to to 70 miles an hour. within 100ft of the rim of the main Fortunately the 10 men—six French crater. Then the equipment was man men, three New Zealanders, and one handled to the crater rim. Expedition American—had pitched their four polar members also erected a tent and snow tents and an A frame Army mess tent block igloos near the lip of the inner before the storm broke. The polar tents crater for shelter and the storage of stood up well to the fierce battering of gear. the wind, but the mess tent had to be By the middle of December prepar anchored at the height of the storm ations for the descent were well ad with ropes carried by the party for vanced, aided by clear skies over Erebus mountaineering.
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  • Airborne Laser Swath Mapping of the Summit of Erebus Volcano, Antarctica: Applications to Geological Mapping of a Volcano

    Airborne Laser Swath Mapping of the Summit of Erebus Volcano, Antarctica: Applications to Geological Mapping of a Volcano

    Airborne laser swath mapping of the summit of Erebus volcano, Antarctica: Applications to geological mapping of a volcano Bea Csathoa,1, Toni Schenkb, Philip Kylec, Terry Wilsond, William B. Krabille aDepartment of Geology, University at Buffalo, 855 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA, [email protected] bDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science, 2070 Neil Av., The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, [email protected] cDepartment of Earth & Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro NM 87801, USA, [email protected] dSchool of Earth Sciences, 125 S. Oval Mall, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, [email protected] eCryospheric Sciences Branch NASA/GSFC/Wallops Flight Facility Wallops Island, VA, USA, 23337, USA, [email protected] 1Corresponding author: Department of Geology, University at Buffalo, 855 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260-3050, USA E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 716-645-6800 x3921 Fax: 716-645-3999 In Press, Special Issue on Erebus Volcano, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research Keywords: Erebus volcano, lidar, volcanic geomorphology, DEM generation, feature extraction 1 Abstract The lidar observations reported here have provided the first high precision topographic data on the active craters of Erebus volcano, Antarctica. Digital elevation data are invaluable for geomorphic analysis of volcanoes especially when combined with methods to automatically extract landscape features. The data are indispensable for studying eruptive events and volcano-tectonic processes. Airborne laser scanning or lidar is a rapidly emerging technology to map surface topography with high accuracy and detail, comparable to a 1:1 000 scale map.