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Early Partnerships Included in This Memo Are All the Pre-Ciompi

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Early Partnerships Included in This Memo Are All the Pre-Ciompi Early Partnerships Included in this memo are all the pre-Ciompi Florentine merchant-banking companies that I could find documented in the published secondary literature. Namely: I. Scali, 1200?-1326 unitary II. Gianfigliazzi, 1283-1325 unitary III. Bardi, ~1277-1342 unitary IV. Peruzzi, 1300-1342 (tons of data) unitary V. Acciauoli, 1323?-1342 unitary VI. Buonaccorsi, 1308-1342 unitary VII. Del Bene, 1318-? unitary VIII. Girolami-Corbizzi, 1332-1337 unitary IX. Covoni, 1336-1340 sistema? no X. Del Buono-Bencivenni, 1319-1340 sistema? not clear XI. Alberti, 1302-1371 (tons of data) unitary XII. Castellani, 1335-1383 unitary XIII. Strozzi, 1345-1365 unitary XIV. Soderini, 1355-1375 unitary XV. Guardi, 1345-1371 unitary XVI. Del Bene, lanaiuoli, 1355-1368 unitary XVII. Albizzi, laniauoli, 1340-1372 unitary, then sistema? XVIII. Pinciardi da Borgo San Sepolcro, tintore, 1362-1393 multiple companies Non-Florentine companies: XIX. Guinigi, 1371-1407 (Lucca company) unitary, then sistema between 1391 and 1407 XX. Rapondi, 1371-1400 (Lucca company) unitary, then sistema in 1396 XXI. Raù, 1390 (Pisa company) sistema XXII. Borromei (Pisa company) family alliance? Renouard (1938) gives a useful overview, even though not complete. However, his lists of partners are sometimes flawed, because soci and fattori were not clearly distinguished in the papal records, on which his research was based. (See Goldthwaite quotation, in Alberti section below, for the probable reason for this confusion. Luzzato, in the Buonaccorsi section, says the same thing.) Whenever Renouard distinguished soci certi from soci presunti, this confusion did not exist. Bottom line: (a) The 1382 birth date of the sistema di aziende stands firm – indeed is remarkably well confirmed – even against this new data. The Covoni and Del Buono- Bencivenni companies studied by Mandich, plus the Albizzi company studied by Hoshino, are the only candidates for a pre-Ciompi date on this list, but they do not in fact qualify under Melis’ definition of separate legal partnerships linked through partners. Therefore, no company included here violates my claim (which only makes explicit Melis’ implicit claim) for a sistema di aziende birthdate of 1382, at least in Florence. (b) On the other hand, there is clear evidence of other companies in Tuscany (i.e., Pisa and Lucca) tipping to sistema form, at roughly the same time as Florence. This places the quasi-Florentine Datini of Prato in a better context. [Mandich does show clearly, however, that there were strong current-account and deposit relations among principals and agent companies – a different sort of ‘system’ than the partnership basis that Melis defined. To resolve this ambiguity, there needs to be a better subclassification of the various sorts of ‘systems’ and ‘alliances’ that were possible among related companies, often on an ad hoc basis.] I. Scali, 1200? - 1326 A. Borsari (1994): Scali company involved in papal and state (England, Naples) finance. (p. 12): Durante il pontificato di Urbano IV, 1261-1264 [compiled from numerous indirect papal sources, hence no guarantee that these are not a mixture of soci and fattori]: Iacopo ed i suoi figli Cante (o Cavalcante), Tegghiaio e Spina della Scala Amieri Cose e suo figlio Iacopo (o Lapo) Pietro e Lotterio Benincasa Manetto, Ugo, Giacomo e Cante Spini Rustichello (o Rucchus), Dritta e Giacomo Cambi Ranieri Abbati Tommaso Spiglianti Gerardino Beliotti Giacomo Lecca Tegghiaio Amadori Rustichello Tedaldi (p. 44): 1284 Cieffo Boninsegna Manetto, Ugo e Lapo della Scala Giacomo, Giovanni, Alberto, Foglia ed Alamanno di fu Amieri Case Catalano, Lapo, Lippo e Riccardo di fu Pietro Benincase Tegghia di Amadore Cose Folco di Ugolino di Vichio Lotterio Bonaguide (p. 11): Fallito in 1326, acc to Giovanni Villani: Amieri e figliuoli Petri. [also Luzzato (1969, p. 193) “Gli Scali erano falliti fin dal 1326.”] B. Renouard (1938, p. 175): Soci certi nel 1322: Albizzo di Lapo di Piero Benincase de’ Balsimi Foglia di Amiero degli Amieri Francesco di Branca degli Scali Geri di Filippo di Piero Benincase de’ Balsimi Giovanni di ser Alberto degli Amieri Iacopo di ser Filippo degli Amieri Lapo Ghini di Malpiglia Tocco di Tedaldo Branches (Renouard, p. 175): In 1316, Avignone, Bologna, Milano, Perugia. C. Borsari (1994, p. 43): The Mozzi-Spini company, marzo 1284 – febbraio 1285: [some of these are fattori, cannot distinguish] Tommaso Spigliati ed Ugo Spini (Lapo di Ugo Spini takes Ugo’s place in July 1284) Chiaro Sagine Lapo di Giovanni Medico Aliotti Azolino Salvi Dino do Giovanni Feo Bonfantini Simone Gherardi Duccio di Giunta Bonino Ranieri Misgiotto di Giovanni Vatico (?) Iacobi Lippo di Ugo Rocco Cambi Iano Bentivegna II. Gianfigliazzi, 1283-1325 Sapori (1943), p. xxvii: “[In contrast with other large banks of the time,] i Gianfigliazzi, dediti esclusivemante al mutuo a Sovrani [di Napoli], a signori e private, preferirono le piccolo società di poche persone, che accettavano per singole negozi anche la partecipazione di qualche altro parente; si valsero di pochi ausiliari o ‘fattori’ forniti do ampi poteri e di larga autonomia per spostarsi da luogo a luogo; si appagarono di un sistema contabile decentrato e assai meno complicate, che poteva presentare il vantaggio di essere meno accessibile ad eventuali controlli, e comunque, in quanto più oscuro, di celare con più facilità la sostanza delle operazioni condannate dalla Chiesa e dale leggi laiche. Per il loro lavoro si servirono anche di depositi, e di denari mutuati da terzi, speclando, naturalmente, sulla differenza, talvolta addirittura notevole, fra il tasso corrsposto e quello preteso; salvo anche a ‘fare la carta’, second oil noto sistema degli usurai, per una soma maggiore di quella data a mutuo.” There were two Gianfigliazzi banks, in sequence: A. 1283-1300: Gianfigliazzo di Rosso di Adimaro Gianfigliazzi Catello di Rosso di Admaro Gianfigliazzi (d. 1298-1302) Rosso di Cafagio di Adimaro Gianfigliazzi (d. 1292) Catello di Rosso was infamously put into hell as a usurer by Dante in Inferno. B. 1300-1318: parti: Castello (alias Tello) di Cafagio di Adimaro Gianfigliazzi (d. 1318) 5/7 Giovanni (alias Vanni) di Cafagio di Adimaro Gianfigliazzi (d.1312-1315) 2/7 e altri minori attorno a loro: Lapo, Borgognone, Rossellino e Currado di Vanni Niccolo e Neri (naturale) di Castello Bankers to Carlo II d’Angiò, il “ciotto” di Gerusalemme, re di Napoli e signore di Provenza. Fattore: Iacopo di Bruno, detto Zampaloca C. 1319-1325: (continuation of Castello’s bank) Niccolo di Castello di Cafagio Gianfigliazzi (solo) (d. 1325) Fattori: Iacopo di Bruno, detto Zampaloca Francesco di Iacopo Morelli Piero e Matteo Velluti di Gherardino III. Bardi unitary company Sapori (1926, p. 243 ff.): (a) “Lapo e Doffo dei Bardi” 1310 - 1330 : * ser Lapo Bardi, capo della compagnia [d.1322, Vieri erede] 5 parti * Doffo di Bartolo di messer Iacopo Bardi 5 parti * messer Gualterotto di messer Iacopo Bardi [d.1335] 4 parti fino al 1322 3 parti dal 1322 in poi * Gualtieri di messer Iacopo Bardi [d.1335] [usci nel 1330] 5 parti messer Nestagio Bardi [d. 1314 but eredi remain] 3 parti Ricco chiamato Chaleffo di Ricco di messer Iacopo Bardi [d.1335] 3 parti fino al 1329 2.5 parti dal 1329 * Iacopo di Bartolo di messer Iacopo Bardi [d.1343] [usci nel 1329] 3 parti fino al 1320 2 parti dal 1320 * Gianni di Bartolo di messer Iacopo Bardi [d.1340] 3 parti Piero di Bartolo di messer Iacopo Bardi [d.1317] 3 parti * Filippo di messer Gualterotto Bardi [d.1327] 2 parti * Boninsegna Angiolini Malchiavelli [d.1330] 4 parti Filippo Aldobrandini [d.1322 but eredi remain] 4.5 parti fino al 1312 3.5 parti dal 1312 Bocchino di Chiaro Ulivieri [d.1316 but eredi remain] 2.5 parti * Gherardo Lanfredini 2.5 parti fino al 1327 2 parti fino al 1329 1.5 parti dal 1329 Bonaccorso di Tecco Bonaccorsi [usci nel 1320] 2.5 parti Gino di Boninsegna Angiolini [d.1315] 2 parti Dopo la costituzione della Società del 1310 e prima della costituzione di quella 1331, entrarono a far parte dei Soci alter persone: * Filippo di Bartolo di messer Iacopo [d.1362] 3 parti entrò nel 1319 4 parti nel 1329 Vieri di messer Lapo Bardi [usci nel 1333] 2.5 parti entrò nel 1320 * Piero di messer Gualterotto d’ Bardi [d.1345] 2 part entrò nel 1320 * Giovanni di Boninsegna Angiolini [d.1325] 2 parti entrò nel 1320 * Giovanni Gherardini Malagonelle [d.1324] 3 parti entrò nel 1320 * Taldo di Valore Orlandi 3 parti entrò nel 1320 Gherardino Gianni [d. 1332] 3 parti entrò nel 1320 * Lapo di Niccolo Biliotti 3 parti entrò nel 1326 2.5 parti nel 1329 (b) “messer Ridolfo de’ Bardi” 1331 – 1342: messer Ridolfo di Bartolo di messer Iacopo Bardi 9 parti messer Riccardo di Ricco (chiamato Caleffo) di m. Iacopo Bardi 4.5 parti Gianni di Bartolo di messer Iacopo Bardi 6.5 parti * Filippo di Bartolo di messer Iacopo Bardi 6.5 parti messer Vieri di messer Lapo Bardi 5.5 parti * messer Piero di messer Gualterotto de’ Bardi 4.75 parti Gherardo Lanfredini 3 parti Taldo di Valore Orlandi 5.25 parti Gherardino Gianni 4.75 parti * Lapo di Niccolo Biliotti 4.25 parti Gherardo di Boninsegna Angiolini Malchiavelli 4 parti * = listed by Renouard (1938, p. 63) as Bardi socii. [This Renouard list, while understandably incomplete, does not seem as afflicted with the socii versus fattori problems that the Alberti and probably the other lists are.] Branches (Renouard, p. 62: from papal records, “certamente non è completa”): Avignone, Barcellona, Bari, Bologna, Bruges, Famagosta, Genova, Londra, Maiorca, Napoli, Palermo, Parigi, Perugia, Pisa, Siviglia, Venezia IIIA. Bardi della Corona, 1346 - 1352 Renouard (1938, p. 67): soci, no distinction between certi e presunti Biordo di messer Vieri di Lapo de’ Bardi ad Avignone, 1346-1349 Iacopo di messer Vieri de’ Bardi a Venezia, 1349, 1351 Francesco di ser Vieri de’ Bardi ad Avignone, 1347-1348 ser Andrea di Gualtieri de’ Bardi a Venezia, 1349, 1351 Iacopo di Betto della Corona ad Avignone, 1346 Bartolomeo di Ridolfo a Napoli, 1346-1347 Iacopo di Ridolfo a Firenze, 1349 Matteo di Simone a Perugia, 1346 a Venezia, 1347-1348 Bonifacio di Vieri a Napoli, 1347 Francesco di Iacopo a Venezia, 1348 Branches (Renouard, p.
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