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Edvard Munch's Fatal Women

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Edvard Munch's Fatal Women 3*0c EDVARD MUNCH'S FATAL WOMEN: A CRITICAL APPROACH THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Barbara Susan Travitz Bimer, B.A. Denton, Texas December 1985 @1986' BARBARA SUSAN TRAVITZ BIMER All Rights Reserved Bimer, Barbara Susan Travitz, Edvard Munch's Fatal Women: A Critical Approach. Master of Arts (Art History), December, 1985, 487 pp., 109 illustrations, bibliography, 212 titles. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the fatal woman motif in the writings and art of Edvard Munch from the early 1890s to 1909. It uses a background of the women in the artist's life as well as the literary and artistic worlds in which Munch participated. Following separate ac- counts of Munch's relationships with five women, the manner in which the artist characterizes each as a fatal woman in his writings and art is dis- cussed and analyzed. Next, the study describes the fatal woman motif in late nineteenth century art and literature. It begins with a discussion of the origin of the Symbolist and Decadent Movements and an ideological exam- ination of the fatal woman motif as it is manifested in the writing and art of these two groups. In addition, it compares Munch's visual manifes- tations of the femme fatale with the manner in which the artist's contemporaries depicted her. Finally, this study describes two groups of men with whom Munch was particularly close: the Christiania Boheme and the Schwarzen Ferkel Circle. An examination of the literary works of these men helps to determine the way in which they affected Munch's pictorial perception of the fatal woman. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . 0. iv Chapter I. INTRODUCTION . * * . * * . * The Problem and Its Purpose Survey of the Literature Method of Procedure Significance of the Problem Notes II. EDVARD MUNCH'S FATAL WOMEN . 24 Section I: Fru Heiberg Section II: Dagny Juell Przybyszewski Section III: Judith Molard Section IV: Tulla Larsen Section V: Eva Mudocci Notes III. MUNCH AND THE SYMBOLISTS . 181 Notes IV. THE CHRISTIANIA BOHEME AND THE FERKEL CIRCLE . 225 Section I: The Christiania Boheme Section II: Munch and the Christiania Boheme: 1884-1889 Section III: Munch: Crisis and Recovery, 1889-92 Section IV: The Ferkel Circle Section V: The Influence of the Christiania Boheme and the Ferkel Circle on Munch's Fatal Woman Theme Section VI: Munch: Crisis and Recovery, 1908-1909 Notes V. CONCLUSION . 372 ILLUSTRATIONS . 378 BIBLIOGRAPHY . - . 475 iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Edvard Munch. The Sick Child . 378 2. Edvard Munch. Self-Portrait Under the Mask of Women . .~~~. 379 3. Edvard Munch. Adjo (Adieu) . .. 380 4. Edvard Munch. The Kiss . 381 5. Edvard Munch. The Kiss . 382 6. Edvard Munch. Evening on Karl Johan Street . 383 7. Edvard Munch. Vampire . 384 8. Edvard Munch. The Scream . 385 9. Edvard Munch. Stanislaw Przybyszewski .o. 386 10. Edvard Munch. Portrait of Dagny Juell Przybyszewski . 387 11. Dagny Juell Przybyszewski . 388 12. Edvard Munch. Hands . ... 389 13. Edvard Munch. Ashes . 390 14. Edvard Munch. Ashes . 391 15. Dagny Juell Przybyszewski . 392 16. Edvard Munch. Ashes II_ . 393 17. Edvard Munch. Jealousy . 394 18. Edvard Munch. Paris Nude . 395 19. Edvard Munch. The Cat . 396 20. Edvard Munch. The Maiden with the Heart ~ . 397 21. Edvard Munch. The Heart . 398 iv List of Illustrations (continued) Figure Page 22. Edvard Munch. The Girl with the 000 * * .. .. 0399 Heart/The Urn - - . 23. Edvard Munch. The Urn - - . -. 400 24. Edvard Munch. Under the Yoke . .. 401 25. Edvard Munch. Under the Yoke and the Suicide . * 0 * 0 * 0 0 0 0 402 26. Edvard Munch. Sketch for the Dance of Life - * * 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 403 27. Edvard Munch. The Dance of Life . 404 28. Edvard Munch. Sin - - * * . 0 0 .0 . 405 29. Edvard Munch. Mathilde (Tulla) Larsen . 406 30. Franz von Stuck. Sin - * - . 0 0 .0 . 407 31. Edvard Munch. Spirits . 0 0 0 . 408 32. Tulla Larsen and Edvard Munch * * . 409 33. Edvard Munch. Salome II - - - * 0 . 410 34. Edvard Munch. The Murderess . 0 0 . 411 35. Edvard Munch. Apparition . 0 0 . 412 36. Tulla Larsen . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 413 37. Edvard Munch. The Death of Marat . 414 38. Edvard Munch. The Death of Marat (The Murderess)Y. ~* .. .00 0 0 . 415 39. Edvard Munch. The Death of Marat * - . 416 40. Edvard Munch. Sketch of Hedda Gabler . 417 41. Edvard Munch. Amour and Psyche . .0.0. 418 42. Edvard Munch. Self-Portrait with Wine Bottle . .* . 419 43. Edvard Munch. Violin Concert . 420 v Lis;t of Illustrations (continued) Fic ure Page 44. Eva Mudocci . .. 421 45. Eva Mudocci and Bella Edwards . .0. .421 46. Edvard Munch. Mother and Daughter . 422 47. Edvard Munch. Madonna . 423 48. Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Bocca Baciata . 424 49. Theodore Chasseriau. Esther Adornin Herself . 425 50. Gustave Moreau. The Apparition . 426 51. Gustav Klimt. Judith I (Judith with the Head of Holofernes . 427 52. Gustav Klimt. Pallas Athene . 428 53. Edvard Munch. Salome . 429 54. Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Astarte Syriaca . 430 55. Gustave Moreau. Oedipus and the Sphinx . 431 56. Ferdinand Hodler. Disillusioned Souls . 432 57. Jean Delville. The Idol of Perversity . 433 58. Franz von Lenbach. Voluptas . 434 59. Otto Greiner. The Devil Showing Woman to the People..*..... ...* .. ..*435 * 60. Gustav Klimt. Allegory of Sculpture (Eve with the Apple in Front of a Greek Altar)..0........ 436 60a. Edvard Munch. Madonna . 437 61. Edvard Munch. Salome Paraphrase . 438 62. Edvard Munch. Self-Portrait/Salome Paraphrase.........a........ 439 vi List of Illustrations (continued) Figure Page 63. Edvard Munch. Head of a Man below a Woman's Breast~. ~ .~. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 64. Edvard Munch. The Girl and Death . 441 65. Edvard Munch. Dead Lovers . 442 66. Gustav Klimt. Moving Waters . 443 67. Edvard Munch. Man and Woman in Water (Lovers in Waves) . 444 68. Edvard Munch. Man's Head in Woman's Hair . 445 69. Edvard Munch. Separation . 446 70. Edvard Munch. Jealousy II . .. 447 71. Christian Krohg. Albertine in the Police Doctor's Waiting Room . .. 448 72. Edvard Munch. Two Bohemian Friends . ... 449 73. Edvard Munch. Evening, (The Yellow Boat) . 449 74. Edvard Munch. Madonna . 450 75. Felicien Rops. Mors Syphilitica . 451 76. Felicien Rops. The Sacrifice . 0 . 452 Edvard 77. Munch. Vampire . 453 78. Edvard Munch. Harpy . 454 Edvard 79. Munch. The Kiss of Death . 455 80. Edvard Munch. The Three Stages of Woman (The Sphini ~. , . 455 81. Edvard Munch. Christiania Bohemians, I . 456 82. Edvard Munch. Christiania Bohemians, II . 457 83. Christian Krohg. Portrait of Oda Krohg . 458 84. Edvard Munch. In Man's Brain . 458 vi i List of Illustrations (continued) Figure Page 85. Edvard Munch. Man and Womun . .. 459 86. Edvard Munch. Double Portrait Leistikow . .0. 460 87. Edvard Munch. Caricature of Munch Receving Treatment from Doctor Jacobson . 460 88. Edvard Munch. Alpha and Omega . 461 89. Edvard Munch. Moonrise . 461 90. Edvard Munch. The Forest . 462 91. Edvard Munch. The Cloud . 462 92. Edvard Munch. The Serpent is Killed . 463 93. Edvard Munch. The Bear . 463 94. Edvard Munch. The Tiger . 464 95. Paul Gauguin. La Perte du Pucelage (The Loss of Virginity) . 464 96. Edvard Munch. The Tiger and the Bear . 465 97. Edvard Munch. Omega and the Flower . 466 98. Edvard Munch. Omega's Eyes . 0 . 467 99. Edvard Munch. Omega and the Fallow Dee r . 468 100. Edvard Munch. Omega and the Pig . 468 101. Edvard Munch. Omega Weeping . 469 102. Edvard Munch. Omega's Flight . 470 103. Edvard Munch. Omega's Progeny . 470 104. Edvard Munch. Alpha's Despair .. 471 105. Edvard Munch. The Death of Omega . 472 106. Edvard Munch. A Man Drowning a Woman 472 107. Edvard Munch. The Death of Alpha . 473 vi ii List of illustrations (continued) Figure Page 108. Edvard Munch. The Sun . 474 ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Edvard Munch (1863-1944), Norway's leading Expressionist artist, lived and worked in various art centers in Europe. A trip to Paris in 1885 represented Munch's first excursion outside the country of his birth. It was there that he first became exposed to the Impressionists, and visited the Salon and the Louvre. In 1908, he suffered a serious mental breakdown after which he spent the remainder of his life in semi-seclusion in Norway. Overwhelmed by his fear of life and often ill, Munch based his art on the physical and emotional problems which plagued him and which he ex- pressed thusly in his writings: The fear of life has accompanied me ever since I can remember. My art has been a confession. Yet I have the feeling that the fear of life is a necessity to me, just like illness. Without the fear ?f life and illness I should have been like a rudderless ship. Fatalistic by nature, introspective and brooding and predisposed to view life as a series of anxious struggles, all of which were nonetheless a necessity to him, it was for Munch the "insanely religious" father who reared him and the deaths of his tubercular mother and sister that formed his propensity as an adult to view the world as a hell on earth: Two of the most terrible enemies of mankind I inherited, the legacy of tuberculosis and insanity. Disease, madness, and death were the black angels around my cradle. A mother who died early gave me the germ of consumption, an overly nervous, an insanely religious father . gave me the seeds of madness. From birth . there by my side, the angels of anxiety . sorrow .
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