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MEMORANDUM State of Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities

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MEMORANDUM State of Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities MEMORANDUM State of Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities ro: All Holders of Manual for DATE: Study of Particle Velocities &Water Overpressures as Related to FILE NO: Construction Blasting Adjacent to Anadromous Streams dated TELEPHONE NO: December, 1984 FROM: susJECT: Correction to Study of Particle Dallas Rasmussen Velocities and Water Over­ pressures As Related to Construe· ion Blasting Adjacent to Anadronmous Streams Prior to December 1984, preliminary copies of this report were sent out to various agencies and individuals for review. During revisions based .on those review comments, it was discovered that the conversion factor used to convert decibels to psi and the formula used for the same were erroneous and incomplete. During the summer of 1985 some necessary information (the bac~round 1~ater pressure at each monitoring site) was gathered and with the help of representatives from the water pressure equipment supplier personnel, proper conversion factors and conversion.formula were obtained. This enabled us to make correct pressure calculations, very greatly lowering the water overpressure values obtained. ALL COPIES OF THE ORIGINAL REPORT DATED DECEMBER, 1984 SHOULD BE DESTROYED AS THE WATER PRESSURE DATA AND, THEREFORE, SOME CONCLUSIONS MADE BASED ON THAT DATA, ARE NOT VALID. PROJECT F"RF-RS-071-1 (25) RICHARDSON HIGHWAY MILE 6 - 14 Study of Particle Velocities and Water Overpressures As Related To Construction Blasting Adjacant To Anadromous Streams by Dallas Rasmussen and Paul Mulcahy October, 1985 ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION SECTION SOUTHCENTRAL DISTRICT VALDEZ --------------------- - ---------- -- INDEX Page Acknowledgements . i List of Figures . ii List of Tables . iii List of Appendices iv Introduction . 2 Description of the Geology and Terrain 2 Monitoring Procedure 3 Equipment . 3 Equipment Use, Placement and Problems 5 Analysis 5 Findings 6 Recommendations 13 Examples . 13 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Many thanks are due the Alaska Department of Fish and Game personnel of Glennallen, Mr. Fred Williams, Ken Roberson and Franklin H. Bird for their assistance and cooperation given not only for the conducting of this study but also for their efforts to bring the project to a successful completion. Thanks are also due to the Department of Transportation and Public Facilities drilling and blasting inspectors, Mary Nan Cunningham and David "Sarge" Talvensaari. Their neat and thorough field notes combined with their dedication to get it right made the data gathering process much easier and a finished project as perceived by the Designers. Extensive use was made of reports of prior work done by various groups and i ndi vi dua 1 s. Prominent among these were the "Fina 1 Report on the 2 psi Blast Mani tori ng Program for the U. S. Borax Quartz Hi 11 Molybdenum Mine Access Road Project," October, 1982, prepared by J. E. Marrow; ''Engineering of Rock Blasting On Civil Projects" by A. J. Hendron, Jr.; and "Blast Vi brati ans and Their Effects On Structures" by Harry R. Nicholls, Charles F. Johnson and Wilbur I. Duvall for the U. S. Bureau of Mines (Bulletin 656). i LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Key Map of Study Area . Figure 2. Parti.cle Velocity Versus Scale Distance 7 Figure 3. Water Overpressures Versus Scale Distance 8 Figure 4. Particle Velocity Versus Water Overpressure 9 Figure 5. Relative Location of Shots to the Water . 11 Figure 6. Typical Cross-Section, Keystone Canyon . 14 ii LIST OF TABLES Page Table l. Cut, Station 559+00 - Station 604+00 16 Table 2. Cut, Station 618+00 - Station 631+00 17 Table 3. Cut, Station 639+00 - Station 650+00 18 Table 4. Cut, Station 973+00 - Station 977+00 19 Table 5. Cut, Station 989+00 - Station 991+00 20 Table 6. Cut, Station 991+00 - Station 995+00 21 Table 7. Cut, Station 1041+00 - Station 1048+00 22 Table 8. Cut, Station 1073+00 - Station 1075+00 23 Table 9. Cut, Station 1075+00 - Station 1080+00 24 Table 10. Cut, Station 1083+00 - Station 1089+00 25 & 26 iii LIST OF APPENDICES Page Appendix A. Keystone Canyon Blasting Study . 27 Appendix B. Final Report on the 2 psi Blast Monitoring Program for the U. S. Borax Quartz Hill Molybdenum Mine Access Road Project . 58 Appendix C. Addendum No. 2, Richardson Highway, Mile 6-14 . 76 Appendix D. FG 84-11-7 (Amendment 1) Letter of Stipulation Changes . • . 86 Appendix E. Proposal to Conduct a Field Analysis of ADOT/PF's Proposed Blasting Methods for the Richardson Highway, Lowe River 14 Project . 90 Appendix F. Glossary of Terms . 100 iv -i- INTRODUCTION: Because the construction of the Richardson Highway, Mile 6-14 reconstruction project would require the use of explosives near several anadromous fish streams, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game required several stipulations concerning the conduct of the road construction relative to the streams (see Appendix D). These stipulations included one stating that the hydrostatic overpressure developed due to the discharge of explosives adjacent to anadromous waters could not exceed 2 psi without the specific permission of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. In order to comply with this stipulation, it was then necessary to monitor the water overpressure developed during the blasting process. It was decided by Department of Transportation personnel to attempt to correlate and determine the relationship of the water overpressure and the particle velocity. A joint venture was also initiated between the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the Department of Transportation and Public Facilities personnel to attempt to define mutually acceptable blasting limits for use on future construction projects. The Alaska Department of Fi sh and Game personnel furnished live fish for selected blasts placing the live fish in water at the closest proximity to the blast as possible. The Department of Transportation and Public Facilities personnel documented all aspects of each blast as to size, delays, drilling patterns, loading, overburdens, etc., and monitored each blast as to particle velocity (Vp) and hydrostatic overpressure (Pw). After each live fish test blast the Alaska Department of Fish and Game personnel examined each fish to ascertain any harm done to them. This report presents the results of this monitoring project. DESCRIPTION OF THE GEOLOGY AND TERRAIN: Basica.lly two areas were monitored--the Mile 5i, to Mile 6i, area (Station 595+00 to Station 651+00) and the Keystone Canyon area (Station 973+00 to Station 1090+00). Each of these areas contain several individual cuts. The bedrock in the 5i, to 6i, Mile area is described as a thin, bedded, metasedimentary graywacke, shale and phyllite. The rock displays numerous joints and faults. The major structure (foliation) dips N47°W at 60°. The following description of the rock in Keystone Canyon is taken from the materials report, "Centerline Soils, Rockslope Stability and ·Materials Sites Investigation, Richardson Highway, Mile 5.2 to Lowe River Bridge, F-071-1(25), May, 1979": : Two main rock types exist within this portion of the Keystone Canyon. The most predominate type is a massive, fine to medium grained graywacke. The less predominate rock type is a fine grained, highly fractured, platy phyllite. The platy phyll i te is the least competent of the two types of work encountered. -2- The structural geology is quite consistent throughout the Keystone Canyon. Geotechnical mapping in the canyon defined three major and four minor sets of discontinuities. The average trend of the major set are: East - West dipping 54°N N l2°W dipping B0°SW N l6°E dipping 55°SE These discontinuities are through going, and can be traced for several hundred feet. The minor sets observed have an average trend of: N 9°W dipping 62°NE N 46°E dipping 49°SE N 89°W dipping 63°SW N 89°W dipping 34°SW Generally, the discontinuity surfaces are clean with occasional quartz and calcite infillings. Open discontinuities are common. Depth of weathering varies, but was noted to be in excess of 15 feet on the Keystone Tunnel Bypass project. Slope instability in the existing cuts and natural slopes are very pronounced. It is not uncommon to have rockfall material deposited on the highway. Rock slopes for the most part are wet and in several locations produce severe icing conditions. MONITORING PROCEDURE: Equipment: The instruments used to monitor the blasting were: 1. A Dallas Instrument Model BR-2-3 particle velocity monitor. 2. A Bruel and Kjaer Model 2209 Sound Level Meter with a B and K Model 2306F Level Recorder and a B and K Type Bl DO Hydrophone. The hydrophone readings were taken in the following manner: l. A backround reading was taken at each monitoring site to establish the water pressure already present at each site. This was mea­ sured in microvolts. The sensitivity of our hydrophone was 30.5 -3- microvolts/pascal. There are 6895 pascals/psi. Therefore: X microvolts ) 30. 5 tiicrovolts/PascaT} 6895 Pascals/psi Where: Pb = Backround pressure present naturally in PSI X = Meter reading of the natural backround noise {pressure) in microvolts. The following data was obtained in this portion of the project: Cut Microvolt Natura 1 Station Reading Back round PSI (Pb) 5 559-604 5.5 2.615 x 10 - 5 618-631 5.5 2.615 x 10 - 639-650 (l)* 5.0 2.378 x 10 -5 (2) 5.5 2 .615 x 10 -5 5 973-977 6.0 2.853 x 10 - 989-991 6.0 2.853 x 10 -5 991-995 6.0 2.853 x 10 -5 1041-1048 8.0 3.804 x 10 - 5 1073-1075 5.5 2 .615 x 10 -5 1075-1080 5.5 2 .615 x 10 -5 1083-1089 8.0 3.804 x 10 -5 * This cut was monitored at 2 locations, one at each end of the cut.
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