DOCSLIB.ORG

Phytosiderophore Release in Aegilops Tauschii and Triticum Species Under Zinc and Iron Deficiencies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phytosiderophore Release in Aegilops Tauschii and Triticum Species Under Zinc and Iron Deficiencies Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 52, No. 358, pp. 1093±1099, May 2001 Phytosiderophore release in Aegilops tauschii and Triticum species under zinc and iron deficiencies I. Tolay1, B. Erenoglu1,2,V.RoÈ mheld2, H.J. Braun3 and I. Cakmak4,5 1 Cukurova University, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 01330 Adana, Turkey 2 UniversitaÈ t Hohenheim, Institut fuÈ r PflanzenernaÈ hrung %330), 70593 Stuttgart, Germany 3 CIMMYT, POB 39, Emek 06511, Ankara, Turkey 4 Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 81474 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey Received 2 August 2000; Accepted 27 November 2000 Abstract of PS release was around 14 mmol *30 plants)À1 *3 h)À1. Diploid wheats and Ae. tauschii accessions Using three diploid *Triticum monococcum, AA), behaved similarly in their capacity to release PS three tetraploid *Triticum turgidum, BBAA), two hexa- and intermediate between tetraploid and hexa- ploid *Triticum aestivum and Triticum compactum, ploid wheats regarding the PS release capacity. All BBAADD) wheats and two Aegilops tauschii *DD) Triticum and Aegilops species released more PS genotypes, experiments were carried out under under Fe than Zn deficiency, particularly when the controlled environmental conditions in nutrient solu- rate of PS release was expressed per unit dry weight tion *i) to study the relationships between the rates of roots. On average, the rates of PS release under Fe of phytosiderophore *PS) release from the roots and deficiency were 3.0, 5.7, 8.4, and 16 mmol *30 plants)À1 the tolerance of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid *3 h)À1 for Ae. tauschii, diploid, tetraploid and wheats and Ae. tauschii to zinc *Zn) and iron *Fe) hexaploid wheats, respectively. The results of the deficiencies, and *ii) to assess the role of different present study show that the PS release mechanism in genomes in PS release from roots under different wheat is expressed effectively when three genomes, regimes of Zn and Fe supply. Phytosiderophores A, B and D, come together, indicating complementary released from roots were determined both by meas- action of the corresponding genes from A, B and D urement of Cu mobilized from a Cu-loaded resin genomes to activate biosynthesis and release of PS. and identification by using HPLC analysis. Com- pared to tetraploid wheats, diploid and hexaploid Key words: Aegilops tauschii, iron deficiency, phyto- wheats were less affected by Zn deficiency as judged siderophores, Triticum monococcum, Triticum dicoccum, from the severity of leaf symptoms. Aegilops Triticum aestivum, zinc deficiency. tauschii showed very slight Zn deficiency symptoms possibly due to its slower growth rate. Under Fe-deficient conditions, all wheat genotypes used were similarly chlorotic; however, development of chlorosis was first observed in tetraploid wheats. Introduction Correlation between PS release rate determined by Zinc and Fe de®ciencies are common micronutrient de®- Cu-mobilization test and HPLC analysis was highly ciencies in calcareous soils, and adversely affect crop pro- significant. According to HPLC analysis, all geno- duction SillanpaÈaÈ, 1982; Vose, 1982; White and Zasoski, types of Triticum and Ae. tauschii species released 1999). Zinc de®ciency is a particular micronutrient only one PS, 29-deoxymugineic acid, both under de®ciency problem in cereal-growing areas causing large Fe and Zn deficiency. Under Zn deficiency, rates of decreases in grain yield and quality, for example in PS release in tetraploid wheats averaged 1 mmol Australia Graham et al., 1992), Turkey Cakmak et al., *30 plants)À1 *3 h)À1, while in hexaploid wheats rate 1996a, 1999a) and India Takkar et al., 1989). 5 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: q90 216 4839550. E-mail: [email protected] ß Society for Experimental Biology 2001 1094 Tolay et al. There is substantial variation in tolerance to Zn or Fe grown in Zn-de®cient calcareous soils Cakmak et al., de®ciency within and among cereal species. Possibly, the 1999b). This may suggest a role of the A genome in release of phytosiderophores PS) non-protein amino the synthesis and release of PS. Aegilops tauschii DD) is acids) from roots in response to Fe or Zn de®ciencies is the donor of the D genome in hexaploid wheat Kerby an important factor affecting genotypic variation in the and Kuspira, 1987; Miller, 1987), and there is a high tolerance to Zn and Fe de®ciencies. Phytosiderophores variation in tolerance to Zn de®ciency between the are highly effective in solubilization and mobilization accessions of Ae. tauschii Cakmak et al., 1999c). Using of Zn and Fe in calcareous soils Treeby et al., 1989) and only one genotype from each wheat species, it was are involved in the uptake of these nutrients by roots recently shown Ma et al., 1999) that diploid AA), tetra- RoÈmheld and Marschner, 1990; von Wiren et al., 1995). ploid BBAA) and hexaploid wheats BBAADD) and The existence of large differences in tolerance to Fe Ae. tauschii DD) are able to release PS under Fe de®ciency between various cereal species correlated de®ciency. In this study Ma et al., 1999), the highest well with the release rate of PS from roots Marschner and lowest amounts of PS release were found in hexaploid et al., 1986; Kawai et al., 1988; RoÈmheld and Marschner, and diploid wheats, respectively. In the present study, 1990). Similarly, differences in tolerance to Zn de®ciency using three diploid AA), three tetraploid BBAA) and between sorghum, wheat and corn correlate well with the two hexaploid BBAADD) wheats and two Ae. tauschii amounts of PS released from roots Hopkins et al., 1998). DD) accessions experiments were carried out to study Wild grasses, adapted to severely Zn-de®cient calcareous the role of different genomes on the release of PS under soils, released high amounts of PS when grown under Zn Fe and Zn de®ciencies. Among the species studied, de®ciency Cakmak et al., 1996c). Bread wheat cultivars the diploid and hexaploid wheat genotypes are known to show greater tolerance to Zn de®ciency than durum be tolerant to Zn de®ciency, and tetraploid wheats and wheat cultivars, and this difference in tolerance correlated Ae. tauschii accessions show high and moderate sensitivity with differences in the release rate of phytosiderophores to Zn de®ciency when grown on a severely Zn-de®cient Cakmak et al., 1994; Walter et al., 1994; Rengel et al., soil, respectively Cakmak et al., 1999b, c). 1998). However, when genotypes of a given cereal species were compared, tolerance to Zn or Fe de®ciencies and the rate of PS release were not always well correlated, as Materials and methods shown in oat for Fe de®ciency Hansen and Jolley, 1995) and wheat for Zn de®ciency Erenoglu et al., 1996). Plant growth Little information is available about the genetic con- Two separate experiments were carried out to study the effects trol of PS release from roots. Since both the concentra- of genomes of the Ae. tauschii and Triticum species on PS release under Zn experiment I) and Fe experiment II) de®ciencies. tions in roots and the amounts released from roots of PS The genotypes of Ae. tauschii and Triticum species used in the are much lower in tetraploid BBAA) than hexaploid present work are presented in Table 1. Seeds from Germany wheats BBAADD) under Fe and especially Zn de®ciency were provided by Dr CI Kling University of Hohenheim- Cakmak et al., 1994, 1996b; Rengel and Romheld, Stuttgart). Seeds, surface-sterilized by 1% vuv) sodium hypo- 2000a), it can be assumed that the D genome possibly chlorite for 20 min, were germinated in quartz sand moistened with saturated CaSO4 solution. After 4 or 5 d the seedlings were affects the biosynthesis and release of PS. Recently, it has transferred to 2.5 l plastic pots 30 seedlings per pot) containing been shown that diploid wheats AA), like hexaploid the following continuously aerated nutrient solution: 0.88 mM wheats, possess very high tolerance to Zn de®ciency when K2SO4, 2.0 mM CaNO3)2, 0.25 mM KH2PO4, 1.0 mM MgSO4, Table 1. Diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats used in the study, and their genotypes and sources Species Accessions or cultivars Seed source Classi®cation Diploid T. monococcum AA) ssp. monococcum FAL-67 Germany Primitive ssp. monococcum FAL-43 Germany Primitive ssp. monococcum FAL-30 Germany Primitive Tetraploid T. turgidum BBAA) ssp. dicoccum FAL-21 Germany Primitive ssp. dicoccum FAL-02 Germany Primitive ssp. dicoccum FAL-13 Germany Primitive Hexaploid T. aestivum BBAADD) ssp. compactum Stammbaum Germany Primitive ssp. aestivum Bezostaja Turkey Modern Aegilops tauschii DD) 400682 ICARDA Wild Aegilops tauschii DD) 400630 ICARDA Wild Aegilops tauschii DD) 400356 ICARDA Wild Phytosiderophore release in wild wheats 1095 0.1 mM KCl, 1 mMH3BO4, 0.5 mM MnSO4, and 0.02 mM was dissolved in 3.3% vuv) HCl, and Zn and Fe concentrations NH4)6Mo7O24. In the experiment dealing with Zn de®ciency no were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Zn, but 0.1 mM Fe-EDTA was added, and in the experiment with Fe de®ciency, plants were supplied with 1 mM Fe-EDTA and 1 mM ZnSO4. Due to a limited number of seeds, experi- ments were carried out only under Zn- and Fe-de®cient con- Results ditions with three replications for each genotype. Plants were Plant growth and PS release under Zn deficiency grown for 21 d Zn-de®cient plants) and 13 d Fe-de®cient plants) in nutrient solution under controlled climatic conditions Average shoot dry weights of hexaploid and tetraploid lightudark regimes of 16u18 h, temperature 24u20 8C and photo- wheats were very similar under Zn de®ciency Table 2). synthetic photon ¯ux of 350 mmol mÀ2 sÀ1 at plant height provided by Osram Sylvania cool white FR 96 T12 tubes, However, the genotypes within each species showed Ontario-Canada).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genome Sequence of the Progenitor of the Wheat D Genome Aegilops Tauschii Ming-Cheng Luo1*, Yong Q
    OPEN LETTER doi:10.1038/nature24486 Genome sequence of the progenitor of the wheat D genome Aegilops tauschii Ming-Cheng Luo1*, Yong Q. Gu2*, Daniela Puiu3*, Hao Wang4,5,6*, Sven O. Twardziok7*, Karin R. Deal1, Naxin Huo1,2, Tingting Zhu1, Le Wang1, Yi Wang1,2, Patrick E. McGuire1, Shuyang Liu1, Hai Long1, Ramesh K. Ramasamy1, Juan C. Rodriguez1, Sonny L. Van1, Luxia Yuan1, Zhenzhong Wang1,8, Zhiqiang Xia1, Lichan Xiao1, Olin D. Anderson2, Shuhong Ouyang2,8, Yong Liang2,8, Aleksey V. Zimin3, Geo Pertea3, Peng Qi4,5, Jeffrey L. Bennetzen6, Xiongtao Dai9, Matthew W. Dawson9, Hans-Georg Müller9, Karl Kugler7, Lorena Rivarola-Duarte7, Manuel Spannagl7, Klaus F. X. Mayer7,10, Fu-Hao Lu11, Michael W. Bevan11, Philippe Leroy12, Pingchuan Li13, Frank M. You13, Qixin Sun8, Zhiyong Liu8, Eric Lyons14, Thomas Wicker15, Steven L. Salzberg3,16, Katrien M. Devos4,5 & Jan Dvořák1 Aegilops tauschii is the diploid progenitor of the D genome of We conclude therefore that the size of the Ae. tauschii genome is about hexaploid wheat1 (Triticum aestivum, genomes AABBDD) and 4.3 Gb. an important genetic resource for wheat2–4. The large size and To assess the accuracy of our assembly, sequences of 195 inde- highly repetitive nature of the Ae. tauschii genome has until now pendently sequenced and assembled AL8/78 BAC clones8, which precluded the development of a reference-quality genome sequence5. contained 25,540,177 bp in 2,405 unordered contigs, were aligned to Here we use an array of advanced technologies, including ordered- Aet v3.0. Five contigs failed to align and six extended partly into gaps, clone genome sequencing, whole-genome shotgun sequencing, accounting for 0.25% of the total length of the contigs.
    [Show full text]
  • Aegilops Tauschii Draft Genome Sequence Reveals a Gene Repertoire for Wheat Adaptation
    LETTER OPEN doi:10.1038/nature12028 Aegilops tauschii draft genome sequence reveals a gene repertoire for wheat adaptation Jizeng Jia1*, Shancen Zhao2,3*, Xiuying Kong1*, Yingrui Li2*, Guangyao Zhao1*, Weiming He2*, Rudi Appels4*, Matthias Pfeifer5, Yong Tao2, Xueyong Zhang1, Ruilian Jing1, Chi Zhang2, Youzhi Ma1, Lifeng Gao1, Chuan Gao2, Manuel Spannagl5, Klaus F. X. Mayer5, Dong Li2, Shengkai Pan2, Fengya Zheng2,3,QunHu6, Xianchun Xia1, Jianwen Li2, Qinsi Liang2, Jie Chen2, Thomas Wicker7, Caiyun Gou2, Hanhui Kuang6, Genyun He2, Yadan Luo2, Beat Keller7, Qiuju Xia2, Peng Lu2, Junyi Wang2, Hongfeng Zou2, Rongzhi Zhang1, Junyang Xu2, Jinlong Gao2, Christopher Middleton7, Zhiwu Quan2, Guangming Liu8, Jian Wang2, International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium{, Huanming Yang2, Xu Liu1, Zhonghu He1,9, Long Mao1 & Jun Wang2,10,11 About 8,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent, a spontaneous hybridi- (Supplementary Information). Using both evidence-based and de novo zation of the wild diploid grass Aegilops tauschii (2n 5 14; DD) with gene predictions, we identified 34,498 high-confidence protein-coding the cultivated tetraploid wheat Triticum turgidum (2n 5 4x 5 28; loci. FGENESH4 and GeneID models were supported by a 60% AABB) resulted in hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum;2n 5 6x 5 42; overlap with either our ESTs and RNA-Seq reads, or with homologous AABBDD)1,2. Wheat has since become a primary staple crop world- proteins. More than 76% of the gene models had a significant match wide as a result of its enhanced adaptability to a wide range of (E value # 1025; alignment length $ 60%) in the GenBank non- climates and improved grain quality for the production of baker’s redundant database.
    [Show full text]
  • Birth and Death of LTR-Retrotransposons in Aegilops Tauschii
    HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLE | INVESTIGATION Birth and Death of LTR-Retrotransposons in Aegilops tauschii Xiongtao Dai ,*,1 Hao Wang,† Hongye Zhou ,† Le Wang,‡ Jan Dvořák,‡ Jeffrey L. Bennetzen,† andHans-GeorgMüller* *Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, †Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, and ‡Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6996-5930 (X.D.) ABSTRACT Long terminal repeat-retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are a major component of all flowering plant genomes. To analyze the time dynamics of LTR-RTs, we modeled the insertion rates of the 35 most abundant LTR-RT families in the genome of Aegilops tauschii, one of the progenitors of wheat. Our model of insertion rate (birth) takes into account random variation in LTR divergence and the deletion rate (death) of LTR-RTs. Modeling the death rate is crucial because ignoring it would underestimate insertion rates in the distant past. We rejected the hypothesis of constancy of insertion rates for all 35 families and showed by simulations that our hypothesis test controlled the false-positive rate. LTR-RT insertions peaked from 0.064 to 2.39 MYA across the 35 families. Among other effects, the average age of elements within a family was negatively associated with recombination rate along a chromosome, with proximity to the closest gene, and weakly associated with the proximity to its 59 end. Elements within a family that were near genes colinear with genes in the genome of tetraploid emmer wheat tended to be younger than those near noncolinear genes. We discuss these associations in the context of genome evolution and stability of genome sizes in the tribe Triticeae.
    [Show full text]
  • The Haplotype-Based Analysis of Aegilops Tauschii Introgression Into Hard Red Winter Wheat and Its Impact on Productivity Traits
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.29.446303; this version posted May 30, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. The haplotype-based analysis of Aegilops tauschii introgression into hard red winter wheat and its impact on productivity traits 1 Moses Nyine1, Elina Adhikari1, Marshall Clinesmith2, Robert Aiken2, Bliss Betzen1, Wei 2 Wang1, Dwight Davidson1, Zitong Yu1, Yuanwen Guo1, Fei He1, Alina Akhunova3, Katherine 3 W Jordan1,4, Allan K Fritz2, Eduard Akhunov1*. 4 5 1 Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA 6 2 Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA 7 3 Integrated Genomics Facility, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA 8 4 USDA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, USA 9 *Corresponding author: 10 Eduard Akhunov 11 Email: [email protected] 12 13 Keywords: wheat, Aegilops tauschii, wild relative introgression, whole genome sequencing, 14 haplotypes, genotype imputation, grain yield, yield component traits. 15 16 Abstract 17 Introgression from wild relatives have a great potential to broaden beneficial allelic diversity 18 available for crop improvement in breeding programs. Here, we assessed the impact of introgression 19 from 21 diverse accessions of Aegilops tauschii, the diploid ancestor of the wheat D genome, into six 20 hard red winter wheat cultivars on yield and yield component traits. We used 5.2 million imputed D 21 genome SNPs identified by whole-genome sequencing of parental lines and the sequence-based 22 genotyping of introgression population including 351 BC1F3:5 lines.
    [Show full text]
  • Aegilops Tauschii
    Genetics and Molecular Biology, 39, 3, 398-407 (2016) Copyright © 2016, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2015-0232 Research Article Genome-wide association study of drought-related resistance traits in Aegilops tauschii Peng Qin1,2*,YuLin1,*, Yaodong Hu3,4, Kun Liu1, Shuangshuang Mao1, Zhanyi Li1, Jirui Wang1, Yaxi Liu1, Yuming Wei1 and Youliang Zheng1 1Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China. 2College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. 3Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China. 4Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China. Abstract The D-genome progenitor of wheat (Triticum aestivum), Aegilops tauschii, possesses numerous genes for resis- tance to abiotic stresses, including drought. Therefore, information on the genetic architecture of A. tauschii can aid the development of drought-resistant wheat varieties. Here, we evaluated 13 traits in 373 A. tauschii accessions grown under normal and polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress conditions and performed a genome-wide as- sociation study using 7,185 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. We identified 208 and 28 SNPs associ- ated with all traits using the general linear model and mixed linear model, respectively, while both models detected 25 significant SNPs with genome-wide distribution. Public database searches revealed several candidate/flanking genes related to drought resistance that were grouped into three categories according to the type of encoded protein (enzyme, storage protein, and drought-induced protein). This study provided essential information for SNPs and genes related to drought resistance in A.
    [Show full text]
  • Aetmyc1, the Candidate Gene Controlling the Red Coleoptile Trait in Aegilops Tauschii Coss
    molecules Article AetMYC1, the Candidate Gene Controlling the Red Coleoptile Trait in Aegilops tauschii Coss. Accession As77 Dong Cao 1,3,4,†, Guangji Ye 2,†, Yuan Zong 2, Bo Zhang 1,4, Wenjie Chen 1,4, Baolong Liu 1,4,* and Huaigang Zhang 1,4,* 1 Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining 810008, China; [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (B.Z.); [email protected] (W.C.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining 800010, China; [email protected] (G.Y.); [email protected] (Y.Z.) 3 Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4 Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (B.L.); [email protected] (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-971-6143-610 (B.L.); +86-971-6143-630(H.Z.); Fax: +86-971-6143-282 (H.Z.) † These authors contributed equally to this paper. Received: 21 November 2017; Accepted: 15 December 2017; Published: 18 December 2017 Abstract: The red coleoptile trait can help monocotyledonous plants withstand stresses, and key genes responsible for the trait have been isolated from Triticum aestivum, Triticum urartu, and Triticum monococcum, but no corresponding research has been reported for Aegilops tauschii. In this research, transcriptome analysis was performed to isolate the candidate gene controlling the white coleoptile trait in Ae. tauschii. There were 5348 upregulated, differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) and 4761 downregulated DEGs in red coleoptile vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Intraspecific Lineage Divergence and Its Association with Reproductive
    Matsuoka et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2015) 15:213 DOI 10.1186/s12862-015-0496-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Intraspecific lineage divergence and its association with reproductive trait change during species range expansion in central Eurasian wild wheat Aegilops tauschii Coss. (Poaceae) Yoshihiro Matsuoka1*, Shigeo Takumi2 and Taihachi Kawahara3 Abstract Background: How species ranges form in landscapes is a matter of long-standing evolutionary interest. However, little is known about how natural phenotypic variations of ecologically important traits contribute to species range expansion. In this study, we examined the phylogeographic patterns of phenotypic changes in life history (seed production) and phenological (flowering time) traits during the range expansion of Aegilops tauschii Coss. from the Transcaucasus and Middle East to central Asia. Results: Our comparative analyses of the patterns of natural variations for those traits and their association with the intraspecific lineage structure showed that (1) the eastward expansion to Asia was driven by an intraspecific sublineage (named TauL1b), (2) high seed production ability likely had an important role at the initial dispersal stage of TauL1b’s expansion to Asia, and (3) the phenological change to early flowering phenotypes was one of the key adaptation events for TauL1b to further expand its range in Asia. Conclusions: This study provides for the first time a broad picture of the process of Ae. tauschii’s eastward range expansion in which life history and phenological traits may have had respective roles in its dispersal and adaptation in Asia. The clear association of seed production and flowering time patterns with the intraspecific lineage divergence found in this study invites further genetic research to bring the mechanistic understanding of the changes in these key functional traits during range expansion within reach.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing a High-Throughput SNP-Based Marker System to Facilitate the Introgression of Traits from Aegilops Species Into Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum)
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 24 January 2019 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01993 Developing a High-Throughput SNP-Based Marker System to Facilitate the Introgression of Traits From Aegilops Species Into Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Alexandra M. Przewieslik-Allen 1*, Amanda J. Burridge 1, Paul A. Wilkinson 1, Mark O. Winfield 1, Daniel S. Shaw 1, Lorna McAusland 2, Julie King 2, Ian P. King 2, Keith J. Edwards 1 and Gary L. A. Barker 1 1 Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, 2 Plant Sciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, United Kingdom The genus Aegilops contains a diverse collection of wild species exhibiting variation Edited by: in geographical distribution, ecological adaptation, ploidy and genome organization. István Molnár, Centre for Agricultural Research Aegilops is the most closely related genus to Triticum which includes cultivated wheat, (MTA), Hungary a globally important crop that has a limited gene pool for modern breeding. Aegilops Reviewed by: species are a potential future resource for wheat breeding for traits, such as adaptation Parveen Chhuneja, Punjab Agricultural University, India to different ecological conditions and pest and disease resistance. This study describes Kentaro Yoshida, the development and application of the first high-throughput genotyping platform Kobe University, Japan specifically designed for screening wheat relative species. The platform was used to Pilar Hernandez, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible screen multiple accessions representing all species in the genus Aegilops. Firstly, the (IAS), Spain data was demonstrated to be useful for screening diversity and examining relationships *Correspondence: within and between Aegilops species. Secondly, markers able to characterize and track Alexandra M.
    [Show full text]
  • Aegilops Species for the Improvement of the Leaf and Stripe Rust Resistance in Cultivated Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack)
    agronomy Review Aegilops Species for the Improvement of the Leaf and Stripe Rust Resistance in Cultivated Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) Waldemar Ulaszewski 1 and Michał Tomasz Kwiatek 2,* 1 Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszy´nska34 str., 60-479 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Pozna´nUniversity of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-637 Pozna´n,Poland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-6184-87-760 Received: 26 October 2020; Accepted: 16 December 2020; Published: 18 December 2020 Abstract: Hexaploid triticale ( Triticosecale Wittmack, 2n = 6x = 42 chromosomes, AABBRR) is a × cultivated hybrid, which combines wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) properties. It has a better ability to be grown on poor soils, compared to wheat. Mainly, triticale is produced for forage feed and bioethanol. Considering the limited diversity of this human-made crop, there is a need to widen its genetic variability, especially to introduce new genes, responsible for agronomic traits, such as resistance to biotic stresses. Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. and stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend are the most destructive foliar diseases of triticale and related cereals. Developing resistant triticale varieties is an important strategy for the control of these diseases. A number of leaf and stripe rust resistance genes have been already introduced into bread wheat from related species using chromosome manipulations. Exploitation of related species conferring desirable loci is the most effective non-GMO way of improving the rust resistance of triticale. The procedure encompasses chromosome doubling of obtained hybrids followed by a number of backcrosses to eliminate unnecessary alien chromatin and to reduce the linkage drag.
    [Show full text]
  • Aegilops Tauschii Genome Aegilops Tauschii Coss
    Sequencing the Aegilops tauschii genome AEGILOPS TAUSCHII Coss. is typica (Lubbers et al. 1991; Dvořák et al. 1998; Wang a diploid (2n=14), self- et al. 2013). The L1 lineage consists ofAe. tauschii ssp. pollinating (cleistogamic) tauschii var. anathera and the remaining populations of goatgrass species in the Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii var. typica (Dvořák et al. 1998). Triticeae tribe of the grass The two lineages are genetically strongly differentiated, family. Its natural range and there are virtually no intermediate forms between is from eastern Turkey to them (Wang et al. 2013). The L2 lineage occupies low China and Pakistan and altitudes, less than 400 m above sea level, whereas most a few naturalized popula- of the Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii occupies altitudes higher tions have been reported than 400 m above sea level (Wang et al. 2013). in central and northeast- The genome of Ae. tauschii is designated by the let- ern Syria (van Slageren ter D. The estimates of its size range from 4.02 to 4.98 1994). Aegilops tauschii en- Gbp (Rees & Walters 1965; Arumuganathan & Earle compasses four morpho- 1991; Jia et al. 2013). As much as 90% of the genome logical varieties, of which may consist of repeated sequences. three, var. typica, var. ana- Aegilops tauschii donated the third (D) genome thera, and var. meyeri, are of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L., genomes grouped taxonomically BBAADD) (Kihara 1944; McFadden & Sears 1946). into Ae. tauschii ssp. taus- It is a widely believed hypothesis that T. aestivum chii, while the fourth is originated by hybridization of domesticated tetraploid the monotypic Ae.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ancient Integration in a Plant NLR Is Maintained As a Trans-Species Polymorphism
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/239541; this version posted January 8, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Title An ancient integration in a plant NLR is maintained as a trans-species polymorphism Authors Helen J. Brabham1, Inmaculada Hernández-Pinzón1, Samuel Holden1, Jennifer Lorang2, and Matthew J. Moscou1* Address 1The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom 2Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331- 2902 USA *e-mail: [email protected] Main text Plant immune receptors are under constant selective pressure to maintain resistance to plant pathogens. Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are one class of cytoplasmic immune receptors whose genes commonly show signatures of adaptive evolution1,2. While it is known that balancing selection contributes to maintaining high intraspecific allelic diversity, the evolutionary mechanism that influences the transmission of alleles during speciation remains unclear. The barley Mla locus has over 30 described alleles conferring isolate-specific resistance to barley powdery mildew and contains three NLR families (RGH1, RGH2, and RGH3)3. We discovered (using sequence capture and RNAseq) the presence of a novel integrated Exo70 domain in RGH2 in the Mla3 haplotype. Allelic variation across barley accessions includes presence/absence of the integrated domain in RGH2. Expanding our search to several Poaceae species, we found shared interspecific conservation in the RGH2-Exo70 integration. We hypothesise that balancing selection has maintained allelic variation at Mla as a trans-species polymorphism over 24 My, thus contributing to and preserving interspecific allelic diversity during speciation.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Genetic Pathways for Seed Shattering in the Grasses
    Funct Integr Genomics (2006) 6: 300–309 DOI 10.1007/s10142-005-0015-y ORIGINAL PAPER Wanlong Li . Bikram S. Gill Multiple genetic pathways for seed shattering in the grasses Received: 6 September 2005 / Revised: 3 October 2005 / Accepted: 8 October 2005 / Published online: 11 January 2006 # Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract Shattering is an essential seed dispersal mech- genes and elucidate genetic pathways associated with natural anism in wild species. It is believed that independent fruit and seed dispersal. In the model plant Arabidopsis mutations at orthologous loci led to convergent domestica- thaliana, seed dispersal is controlled by the interaction of tion of cereal crops. To investigate genetic relationships of several MADS-box and homeodomain genes. SHATTER- Triticeae shattering genes with those of other grasses, we PROOF1 (SHP1) and SHATTERPROOF2 (SHP2) promote mapped spike-, barrel- (B-type), and wedge-type (W-type) the development of a dehiscence zone at the valve–replum spikelet disarticulation genes in wheat and its wild boundary and the lignification of cells adjacent to the de- relatives. The Br1 gene for W-type disarticulation was hiscence zone (Liljegren et al. 2000). The expression of mapped to a region delimited by Xpsr598 and Xpsr1196 on SHP1 and SHP2 is regulated positively by the product of the short arm of chromosomes 3A in Triticum timopheevii the MADS-box gene AGAMOUS (Savidge et al. 1995)and and 3S in Aegilops speltoides. The spike- and W-type dis- negatively by the product of the MADS-box gene FRUIT- articulation genes are allelic at Br1 in Ae. speltoides. The FULL (Ferrandiz et al.
    [Show full text]