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Crouching Tiger Cello Concerto - a Melding of Form and Content for the Concert Stage

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Crouching Tiger Cello Concerto - a Melding of Form and Content for the Concert Stage University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Music Music 2021 CROUCHING TIGER CELLO CONCERTO - A MELDING OF FORM AND CONTENT FOR THE CONCERT STAGE Xiaohang Yu University of Kentucky, [email protected] Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2021.013 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Yu, Xiaohang, "CROUCHING TIGER CELLO CONCERTO - A MELDING OF FORM AND CONTENT FOR THE CONCERT STAGE" (2021). Theses and Dissertations--Music. 174. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_etds/174 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Music at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Music by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Xiaohang Yu, Student Benjamin Karp, Major Professor Dr. Lance Brunner, Director of Graduate Studies CROUCHING TIGER CELLO CONCERTO - A MELDING OF FORM AND CONTENT FOR THE CONCERT STAGE ________________________________________ DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS PROJECT ________________________________________ A DMA Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts in the College of Fine Arts at the University of Kentucky By Xiaohang Yu Lexington, Kentucky Director: Benjamin Karp, Professor of Violoncello Lexington, Kentucky 2021 Copyright © Xiaohang Yu 2021 ABSTRACT OF DMA PROJECT CROUCHING TIGER CELLO CONCERTO - A MELDING OF FORM AND CONTENT FOR THE CONCERT STAGE Tan Dun’s Crouching Tiger Concerto for Amplified Cello and Orchestra is not only one of the most frequently performed cello concerto of the recent past; it also demonstrates Tan’s masterful synthesis of artistic forms from the Chinese and the Western art music traditions with visual media that extends beyond the concert-hall. The music for this concerto was initially composed as part of the score for Ang Lee’s film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, itself a landmark blend of Chinese cinema with Western technique. The score broke boundaries, combining Western orchestral music with traditional Chinese instruments and thematic material. This melding of a wide variety of influences is typical of Tan’s œuvre and reveals the depth of his personal experience; his works include references to childhood experiences in the Hunan province, soundscapes suggested by his many years of struggle in New York City, and instrumentations that reflect his interest in environmentalism. Performing the Crouching Tiger Concerto can be a challenging undertaking. Each movement expresses musical ideas both Chinese and Western, while simultaneously mirroring the emotions of the film clips that Tan selected for display behind the performance. This paper will explore these connections, suggesting ways in which an aspiring performer can bring out the most important details of each section of the concerto. It will also give suggestions for navigating some of the unique technical challenges of the solo cello part; glissandi, use of a guitar pick, and amplification. The music of Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon had an indelible impact on me as a young child, single-handedly cementing my future as cellist, and I am glad, twenty years later, to be able use my experiences learning this piece to help others who are approaching it for the first time. KEYWORDS: Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon, Cello Concerto, Tan Dun, Film Music Xiaohang Yu (Name of Student) 01/25/2021 Date CROUCHING TIGER CELLO CONCERTO - A MELDING OF FORM AND CONTENT FOR THE CONCERT STAGE By Xiaohang Yu Benjamin Karp Director of DMA Project Lance Brunner Director of Graduate Studies 01/25/2021 Date DEDICATION To Yihao Zhang, my undergraduate cello teacher, who encouraged me to go to the United States to pursue further studies. Steven Elisha, who made a positive difference in my music life, and inspired me to pursue the DMA degree after my master’s degree. Benjamin Karp, who is passionate about music, and shared that passion with me. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The following DMA project, while an individual work, benefited from the insights and direction of several people. First, my Dissertation Chair, Benjamin Karp, exemplifies the high-quality scholarship to which I aspire. In addition, Mr. Karp provided timely and instructive comments and evaluation at every stage of the dissertation process, allowing me to complete this project on schedule. Next, I wish to thank the complete Dissertation Committee, and outside reader, respectively: Ben Arnold, Daniel Mason, Zhengming Wang and Paul Priyesh Vijayakumar. Everyone provided insights that guided and challenged my thinking, substantially improving the finished product. Finally, my deep and sincere gratitude to my family for their continuous and unparalleled love, help and support. This journey would not have been possible if not for them, and I dedicate this milestone to them. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................. iii LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................v Part I CHAPTER 1. THE 2000 ACADEMY AWARDS: BEST ORIGINAL SCORE .....................1 1.1 Biography of Tan Dun .........................................................................................1 1.1.1 Early Life .....................................................................................................2 1.1.2 Life in United States .....................................................................................3 1.2 Story behind Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon ....................................................4 1.2.1 Director Ang Lee..........................................................................................4 1.2.2 Ang Lee’s Surprise Invitation .......................................................................6 CHAPTER 2. CROUCHING TIGER CELLO CONCERTO .............................................9 2.1 Construction.........................................................................................................9 2.1.1 Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon ............................................................... 11 2.1.2 Through the Bamboo Forest ....................................................................... 15 2.1.3 Silk Road: Encounters ................................................................................ 17 2.1.4 Eternal Vow ............................................................................................... 19 2.1.5 To the South ............................................................................................... 20 2.1.6 Farewell ..................................................................................................... 22 2.2 Performance Thoughts ....................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER 3. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................ 26 BIBLIOGRAPHY OR REFERENCES .......................................................................... 28 Part II PROGRAM NOTES...................................................................................................... 30 1. FIRST DMA RECITAL PROGRAM NOTE .................................................. 31 2. SECOND DMA RECITAL PROGRAM NOTE ............................................. 36 3. THIRD DMA RECITAL PROGRAM NOTE ................................................ 42 4. FOURTH DMA RECITAL PROGRAM NOTE ............................................. 47 VITA ............................................................................................................................. 52 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Crouching Tiger Concerto: Performance Position ........................................... 10 Figure 2. Crouching Tiger Concerto: I. “Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon,” mm. 1-5 ... 11 Figure 3. Erhu ...............................................................................................................
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