Experience with the Association of Volatiles with Food Does Not Affect Response in Three Insect Predators

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Experience with the Association of Volatiles with Food Does Not Affect Response in Three Insect Predators ALINE RODRIGUES PÔRTO PEDROSA EXPERIENCE WITH THE ASSOCIATION OF VOLATILES WITH FOOD DOES NOT AFFECT RESPONSE IN THREE INSECT PREDATORS Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, para obtenção do título de Magister Scientiae. VIÇOSA MINAS GERAIS – BRASIL 2012 Ficha catalográfica preparada pela Seção de Catalogação e Classificação da Biblioteca Central da UFV T Pedrosa, Aline Rodrigues Pôrto, 1987- P372e Experience with the association of volatiles with food does 2012 not affect response in three insect predators / Aline Rodrigues Pôrto Pedrosa. – Viçosa, MG, 2012. x, 69f. : il. ; 29cm. Orientador: Angelo Pallini Filho. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Inclui bibliografia. 1. Inseto - Comportamento. 2. Compostos orgânicos. 3. Pragas agrícolas – Controle biológico. 4. Relação inseto- planta. 5. Podisus nigrispinus. 6. Cycloneda sanguinea. 7. Ceraeochrysa cubana. 8. Diatraea saccharalis. 9. Mentha piperita. 10. Nepeta cataria. I. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. II. Título. CDD 22. ed. 632.7 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço primeiramente a Deus, pela minha vida, pelos obstáculos encontrados, pela capacidade de vencê-los e por me dar força para conquistar o título de Mestre. À Universidade Federal de Viçosa e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, pela oportunidade, pela qualidade institucional e de ensino do curso. Aos professores do programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, fica meu muito obrigado pelo conhecimento transmitido. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e a Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) pela bolsa de estudos e o financiamento do projeto de pesquisa. Aos professores Angelo Pallini, Arne Janssen, Eraldo Lima e João Alfredo Ferreira pelos conselhos, durante todo o processo do meu mestrado. Obrigada pelas colaborações e sugestões, desde a elaboração da ideia do trabalho e execução dos experimentos até a fase final da redação e discussão dos resultados. Aos professores Madelaine Venzon e Renato Sarmento por participarem da banca de defesa da minha dissertação. E pelas sugestões que certamente serão muito proveitosas. A todos os que colaboram de alguma forma nas coletas de materiais, manutenção das criações, análises estatísticas e discussões. Em especial, agradeço aos estagiários Bruno Marques, Lucimara Leandro e Nathalia Araújo pela ajuda constante durante todos os experimentos. Aos pesquisadores Madelaine Venzon e aos amigos do Laboratório de Entomologia da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG) pela iii disponibilização de C. cubana e C. sanguinea. Ao pesquisador Eraldo Lima e aos amigos do Laboratório de Semioquímicos pela disponibilização de ovos de D. saccharalis, assim como pela utilização das dependências do laboratório. Ao pesquisador José Cola Zanuncio e aos amigos do Laboratório de Controle Biológico de Pragas pela disponibilização de P. nigrispinus. Aos amigos do Laboratório de Acarologia e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia por todos os conselhos, sugestões e momentos de descontração. Às minhas amigas de república, Lu e Nanda, à Tropa e aos Biodesagradáveis, por fazerem de Viçosa um lugar tão especial, para onde iremos sempre retornar. Às Fof’s e os amigos da Fundação Logosófica por me ensinarem que distância nenhuma enfraquece amizades verdadeiras. Aos meus familiares pelo apoio e compreensão nas horas em que estive ausente. Agradeço em especial, aos meus irmãos, Geraldo Jr. e Tatiana, pela preocupação, amizade e companherismo; e aos meus pais Geraldo e Roseli, por sempre acreditarem e me apoiarem. iv BIOGRAFIA Aline Rodrigues Porto Pedrosa, filha de Roseli Rodrigues Porto Pedrosa e Geraldo Afonso Porto Pedrosa, nasceu em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais em 9 de julho de 1987. Iniciou o curso de Ciências Biológicas no ano de 2006 na Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV). Em julho de 2010 obteve o título de Bióloga pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Durante a graduação foi monitora da disciplina Zoologia de Invertebrados I. Foi bolsista de Iniciação Científica por três anos e meio sob orientação do Professor e Pesquisador José Cola Zanuncio no Laboratório de Controle Biológico de Pragas no Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO). Em agosto de 2010 iniciou o curso de Mestrado em Entomologia pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa, sob a orientação do Professor e Pesquisador Angelo Pallini e coorientação do Pesquisador Arne Janssen da University of Amsterdam (Holanda). Em julho de 2012 submeteu-se a defesa da dissertação tendo como membros da banca os pesquisadores Arne Janssen, Madelaine Venzon e Renato de Almeida Sarmento. v SUMARY ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. viii RESUMO .................................................................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 Main Question .......................................................................................................... 7 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER 1 .............................................................................................................. 15 ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING OF VOLATILE CUES BY Ceraeochrysa cubana (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) LARVAE........................................................................ 15 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... 16 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 17 MATERIAL AND METHODS ............................................................................. 21 1. Prey rearing ................................................................................................. 21 2. Predator rearing ........................................................................................... 21 3. Preparation of volatile dispensers ................................................................ 22 4. Olfactometer experiments ........................................................................... 22 5. Olfactory response ....................................................................................... 24 6. Predator experience ..................................................................................... 24 6.1 Daily training ....................................................................................... 24 6.2 Continuous training .............................................................................. 24 7. Data analysis ................................................................................................ 25 RESULTS ............................................................................................................... 26 1. Olfactory response ....................................................................................... 26 1.1 Daily training ....................................................................................... 26 1.2 Continuous training .............................................................................. 27 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................ 29 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 2 .................................................................................................................... 44 ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING WITH CONTINUOUS EXPERIENCE WITH VOLATILES ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD IN THREE PREDATOR SPECIES ... 44 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... 45 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 46 vi MATERIAL AND METHODS ............................................................................. 50 1. Prey rearing ................................................................................................. 50 2. Predator rearing ........................................................................................... 50 3. Preparation of volatile dispensers ................................................................ 51 4. Sequencial trials .......................................................................................... 51 4.1 Ceraeochrysa cubana and Cycloneda sanguinea ................................ 51 4.2 Podisus nigrispinus .............................................................................. 53 5. Data analysis ................................................................................................ 54 RESULTS ............................................................................................................... 55 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................ 59 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 62 MAIN CONCLUSION .............................................................................................. 69 vii ABSTRACT PEDROSA, Aline
Recommended publications
  • The Green Lacewings of the Genus Chrysopa in Maryland ( Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
    The Green Lacewings of the Genus Chrysopa in Maryland ( Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Ralph A. Bram and William E. Bickley Department of Entomology INTRODUCTION Tlw green lacewings which are members of the genus Chrysopa are extreme- ly lwndicia1 insects. The larvae are commonly called aphislions and are well known as predators of aphids and other injurious insects. They play an important part in the regulation of populations of pests under natural conditions, and in California they have been cultured in mass and released for the control of mealy- bugs ( Finney, 1948 and 1950) . The positive identification of members of the genus is desirable for the use of biological-control workers and entomologists in general. Descriptions of most of the Nearctic species of Chrysopidae have relied heavily on body pigmentation and to a lesser extent on wing shape, venational patterns and coloration. Specimens fade when preserved in alcohol or on pins, and natural variation in color patterns occurs in many species ( Smith 1922, Bickley 1952). It is partly for these reasons that some of the most common and relatively abundant representatives of the family are not easily recognized. The chrysopid fauna of North America was treated comprehensively by Banks ( 1903). Smith ( 1922) contributed valuable information about the biology of the green lacewings and about the morphology and taxonomy of the larvae. He also pro- vided k<'ys and other help for the identification of species from Kansas ( 1925, 1934) and Canada ( 1932). Froeschner ( 194 7) similarly dealt with Missouri species. Bickley and MacLeod ( 1956) presented a review of the family as known to occur in the N earctic region north of Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • United States National Museum Bulletin 276
    ,*f»W*»"*^W»i;|. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION MUSEUM O F NATURAL HISTORY UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 276 A Revision of the Genus Malacosoma Hlibner in North America (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae): Systematics, Biology, Immatures, and Parasites FREDERICK W. STEHR and EDWIN F. COOK SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON 1968 PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM The scientific publications of the United States National Museum include two series. Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National Museum Bulletin. In these series are published original articles and monographs dealing with the collections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly acquired facts in the field of anthropology, biology, geology, history, and technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the various subjects. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume. In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902, papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum have been published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. This work forms number 276 of the Bulletin series.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Different Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in the Olfactory Response of Sipha Flava (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Its Predators
    J Insect Behav (2014) 27:722–728 DOI 10.1007/s10905-014-9463-3 Impact of Different Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in the Olfactory Response of Sipha flava (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its Predators Marcy G. Fonseca & Dayane R. Santos & Alexander M. Auad Revised: 6 August 2014 /Accepted: 8 August 2014 / Published online: 27 August 2014 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract The increasing level CO2 may altered host plant physiology and hence affect the foraging behavior of herbivore insects and predator. Hence, the aim of this study was provides evidence that host plants grown at different levels of CO2 can alter the choice behavior of aphid, Sipha flava and their natural enemies, Cycloneda sanguinea and Diomus seminulus. The plant used was Pennisetum purpureum,cultivarCameron Piracicaba growing in greenhouse (mean value of CO2=440 ppm), climatic chamber with constant value of CO2=500 ppm and climatic chamber with fluctuating CO2 (mean value=368 ppm). A glass Y-shape olfactometer was used to verify the insects responses towards elephant grass plants cultivated under different conditions. The aphids were statistically more attracted by plants grown with constant CO2 level (500 ppm) than by plants grown with fluctuating CO2 level or plants grown in greenhouse. There was no difference in S. flava preference to non-infested versus infested plants by conspecifics. The predator C. sanguinea did not show difference between plants grown with constant CO2 level and infested or not with S. flava. However, the predator D. seminulus showed higher preference to plants grown with constant CO2 level and infested with S. flava.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Insect Pests in the Tropics - M
    TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol. III - Biological Control of Insect Pests In The Tropics - M. V. Sampaio, V. H. P. Bueno, L. C. P. Silveira and A. M. Auad BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS IN THE TROPICS M. V. Sampaio Instituto de Ciências Agrária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil V. H. P. Bueno and L. C. P. Silveira Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil A. M. Auad Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brazil Keywords: Augmentative biological control, bacteria, classical biological control, conservation of natural enemies, fungi, insect, mite, natural enemy, nematode, predator, parasitoid, pathogen, virus. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Natural enemies of insects and mites 2.1. Entomophagous 2.1.1. Predators 2.1.2. Parasitoids 2.2. Entomopathogens 2.2.1. Fungi 2.2.2. Bacteria 2.2.3. Viruses 2.2.4. Nematodes 3. Categories of biological control 3.1. Natural Biological Control 3.2. Applied Biological Control 3.2.1. Classical Biological Control 3.2.2. Augmentative Biological Control 3.2.3. Conservation of Natural Enemies 4. Conclusions Glossary UNESCO – EOLSS Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary SAMPLE CHAPTERS Biological control is a pest control method with low environmental impact and small contamination risk for humans, domestic animals and the environment. Several success cases of biological control can be found in the tropics around the world. The classical biological control has been applied with greater emphasis in Australia and Latin America, with many success cases of exotic natural enemies’ introduction for the control of exotic pests. Augmentative biocontrol is used in extensive areas in Latin America, especially in the cultures of sugar cane, coffee, and soybeans.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Centro De Ciências Agrárias Departamento De Fitotecnia
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE FITOTECNIA Controle biológico com Coleoptera: Coccinellidae das cochonilhas (Homoptera: Diaspididae, Dactylopiidae), pragas da “palma forrageira”. Ícaro Daniel Petter FLORIANÓPOLIS, SANTA CATARINA NOVEMBRO DE 2010 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE FITOTECNIA Controle biológico com Coleoptera: Coccinellidae das cochonilhas (Homoptera: Diaspididae, Dactylopiidae), pragas da “palma forrageira”. Relatório do Estágio de Conclusão do Curso de Agronomia Graduando: Ícaro Daniel Petter Orientador: César Assis Butignol FLORIANÓPOLIS, SANTA CATARINA NOVEMBRO DE 2010 ii Aos meus pais, por tudo, minha mais profunda gratidão e consideração. iii AGRADECIMENTOS À UFSC e à Embrapa (CPATSA) pelo apoio na realização do estágio. Ao Professor César Assis Butignol pela orientação. A todos que, de alguma forma, contribuíram positivamente na minha graduação, meus sinceros agradecimentos. iv RESUMO Neste trabalho relata-se o programa de controle biológico das cochonilhas, Diaspis echinocacti Bouché, 1833 (Homoptera: Diaspididae) e Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell, 1896 (Homoptera: Dactylopiidae), pragas da “palma forrageira” (Opuntia ficus-indica (Linnaeus) Mill, e Nopalea cochenillifera Salm- Dyck) (Cactaceae), no semi-árido nordestino, atualmente desenvolvido pela Embrapa Semi-Árido (CPATSA) em Petrolina (PE). Os principais trabalhos foram com duas espécies de coccinelídeos predadores, a exótica Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant,
    [Show full text]
  • Discovering the True Chrysoperla Carnea (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Using Song Analysis, Morphology, and Ecology
    SYSTEMATICS Discovering the True Chrysoperla carnea (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Using Song Analysis, Morphology, and Ecology 1 2 3 4 CHARLES S. HENRY, STEPHEN J. BROOKS, PETER DUELLI, AND JAMES B. JOHNSON Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269Ð3043 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 95(2): 172Ð191 (2002) ABSTRACT What was once considered a single Holarctic species of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), has recently been shown to be a complex of many cryptic, sibling species, the carnea species group, whose members are reproductively isolated by their substrate-borne vibrational songs. Because species in the complex are diagnosed by their song phenotypes and not by morphology, the current systematic status of the type species has become a problem. Here, we attempt to determine which song species corresponds to StephensÕ 1835 concept of C. carnea, originally based on a small series of specimens collected in or near London and currently housed in The Natural History Museum. With six European members of the complex from which to choose, we narrow the Þeld to just three that have been collected in England: C. lucasina (Lacroix), Cc2 Ôslow-motorboatÕ, and Cc4 ÔmotorboatÕ. Ecophysiology eliminates C. lucasina, because that species remains green during adult winter diapause, while Cc2 and Cc4 share with StephensÕ type a change to brownish or reddish color in winter. We then describe the songs, ecology, adult morphology, and larval morphology of Cc2 and Cc4, making statistical comparisons between the two species. Results strongly reinforce the conclusion that Cc2 and Cc4 deserve separate species status. In particular, adult morphology displays several subtle but useful differences between the species, including the shape of the basal dilation of the metatarsal claw and the genital ÔlipÕ and ÔchinÕ of the male abdomen, color and coarseness of the sternal setae at the tip of the abdomen and on the genital lip, and pigment distribution on the stipes of the maxilla.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Odor Signals on Cycloneda Sanguinea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Searching Behavior
    Cien. Inv. Agr. 35(2): 205-210. 2008 www.rcia.puc.cl NOTA DE INVESTIGACION Impact of odor signals on Cycloneda sanguinea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) searching behavior Guillermo E. Heit1, Graciela Cohen2, and Graciela Mareggiani1 1Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453 (1417), Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Abstract G. Heit, G. Cohen, and G. Mareggiani. 2008. Impact of odor signals on Cycloneda sanguinea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) searching behavior. Cien. Inv. Agr. 35(2):205-210. Volatile infochemicals generated by aphids, their host plants, or from the interaction between host plant and herbivore (herbivore-induced volatile plant compounds) are among the environmental stimuli used by predators to locate prey. The objective of this study was to evaluate the olfactometric response of the predator Cycloneda sanguinea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to volatile infochemicals associated with the tomato plant, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Solanaceae), and the aphid prey Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Predator behavior was evaluated in an airfl ow olfactometer at 24 ± 2ºC with 65 ± 10% relative humidity and a 16 h photoperiod. Latency time and the number of visits to the active chamber where the odor source was located were recorded. The odor sources studied were: a. thirty healthy aphids; b. uninfested tomato leaves; c. infested tomato with 30 healthy aphids; d. infested tomato leaves with 30 stressed aphids; e. thirty stressed aphids. C. sanguinea adults were strongly attracted to the odors of infested tomato leaves, but for the other odor sources, they did not visit active chambers more often than inactive chambers.
    [Show full text]
  • COLEOPTERA COCCINELLIDAE) INTRODUCTIONS and ESTABLISHMENTS in HAWAII: 1885 to 2015
    AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE COCCINELLID (COLEOPTERA COCCINELLIDAE) INTRODUCTIONS AND ESTABLISHMENTS IN HAWAII: 1885 to 2015 JOHN R. LEEPER PO Box 13086 Las Cruces, NM USA, 88013 [email protected] [1] Abstract. Blackburn & Sharp (1885: 146 & 147) described the first coccinellids found in Hawaii. The first documented introduction and successful establishment was of Rodolia cardinalis from Australia in 1890 (Swezey, 1923b: 300). This paper documents 167 coccinellid species as having been introduced to the Hawaiian Islands with forty-six (46) species considered established based on unpublished Hawaii State Department of Agriculture records and literature published in Hawaii. The paper also provides nomenclatural and taxonomic changes that have occurred in the Hawaiian records through time. INTRODUCTION The Coccinellidae comprise a large family in the Coleoptera with about 490 genera and 4200 species (Sasaji, 1971). The majority of coccinellid species introduced into Hawaii are predacious on insects and/or mites. Exceptions to this are two mycophagous coccinellids, Calvia decimguttata (Linnaeus) and Psyllobora vigintimaculata (Say). Of these, only P. vigintimaculata (Say) appears to be established, see discussion associated with that species’ listing. The members of the phytophagous subfamily Epilachninae are pests themselves and, to date, are not known to be established in Hawaii. None of the Coccinellidae in Hawaii are thought to be either endemic or indigenous. All have been either accidentally or purposely introduced. Three species, Scymnus discendens (= Diomus debilis LeConte), Scymnus ocellatus (=Scymnobius galapagoensis (Waterhouse)) and Scymnus vividus (= Scymnus (Pullus) loewii Mulsant) were described by Sharp (Blackburn & Sharp, 1885: 146 & 147) from specimens collected in the islands. There are, however, no records of introduction for these species prior to Sharp’s descriptions.
    [Show full text]
  • Deleterious Effects of Low Temperature Exposure on Learning Expression in a Parasitoid
    International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2006, 19 , 368-385. Copyright 2006 by the International Society for Comparative Psychology Deleterious Effects of Low Temperature Exposure on Learning Expression in a Parasitoid Joan van Baaren Université de Rennes I, France Guy Boivin Centre de Recherche et de Développement en Horticulture Agriculture et Agroalimentaire, Canada Yannick Outreman UMR INRA/Agrocampus Rennes BiO3P, France In this paper, we review the learning capacities of insect parasitoids. We present data on the learning capacity of the parasitoid wasp, Anaphes victus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), in the host (egg) dis- crimination process. In addition, we examine the effect of low temperature exposure on the wasp’s learning. Our results showed that A. victus females learned rapidly to recognize their own chemical cues that they left on the host eggs, and retained this learning from patch to patch. Conspecific chemical cues left on the eggs took more time to be learned, but two learning trials induced a pro- longed memory for the cues. Our results also showed that the use of learned, conspecific chemical cues was more affected by cold exposure than was the use of learned personal cues. Learning in Parasitoids Insect parasitoids develop on or in a single host and kill it (Eggleton & Gaston, 1990). More than 100,000 species of insect parasitoids are known and while 75% of these species are Hymenoptera, the parasitoid lifestyle has evolved also in Diptera (flies), Coleoptera (beetles), Neuroptera (lacewings), Lepidoptera (butterflies) and Trichoptera (caddisflies). Learning in parasitoids was demon- strated as early as 1937 by Thorpe and Jones, but research on the topic did not flourish until the end of the 1980s.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
    Eur. J. Entomol. 109: 175–180, 2012 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1695 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Effect of different prey species on the life history parameters of Chrysoperla sinica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) NIAZ HUSSAIN KHUHRO, HONGYIN CHEN*, YING ZHANG, LISHENG ZHANG and MENGQING WANG Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and USDA-ARS Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysoperla sinica, prey species, pre-imaginal development, survival, adult longevity, fecundity Abstract. Results of studies on prey suitability for generalist predators are important for efficient mass rearing and implementing Integrated Pest Management Programmes (IPM). The green lacewing, Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder), is a polyphagous natural enemy attacking several pests on various crops in China. We investigated the effect of feeding it different species of prey on its pre- imaginal development, survival, adult longevity and fecundity under laboratory conditions. The prey species tested were nymphs of Aphis glycines Matsumura, cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover, peach aphid Myzus persicae Sulzer, corn aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch and cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch, and eggs of the rice grain moth, Corcyra cephalonica Stainin. None of these species of prey affected the pre-imaginal survival or percentage survival of the eggs of the predator. However, eggs of C. cepha- lonica and nymphs of M. persicae and A. glycines were the best of the prey species tested, in that when fed on these species the pre- imaginal developmental period of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
    Zootaxa 3351: 1–14 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) FRANCISCO SOSA1 & SERGIO DE FREITAS2 1 Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”, Museo Entomológico “Dr. José Manuel Osorio” (UCOB), Barquisimeto, Lara, . E-mail: [email protected] 2 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil (deceased) Abstract Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas is a new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) recorded from Costa Rica, Venezuela and Brazil. Titanochrysa gen. nov. shares several external and genitalic characters with Ceraeochrysa Adams, 1982; Chrysopodes Navás, 1913; Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, 2000; Parachrysopiella Brooks & Barnard, 1990 and Ungla Navás 1914. It may be distinguished from those genera by its very long sternite 8+9, sternites 2–8 usually with microtholi, male geni- talia with the dorsal surface of the arcessus striated, gonosaccus well-developed, bearing elongate gonosetae and microsetae, and a spoon-like gonapsis. Herein, Titanochrysa circumfusa (Burmeister, 1939) [= Chrysopodes circumfusa (Burmeister)] comb. nov. and Titanochrysa pseudovaricosa (Penny) [= Ceraeochrysa pseudovaricosa Penny, 1998] comb. nov. were identi- fied; Titanochrysa ferreirai Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. and Titanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. were described. The external morphology, and male and female genitalia of all these species
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX G3 Diflubenzuron Rejected by OPP and ECOTOX
    APPENDIX G3 Diflubenzuron Rejected by OPP and ECOTOX Rejected Abgrall, J. F. (1999). Short and Medium Term Impact of Aerial Application of Insecticide Against the Winter Moth (Operophtera Brumata L.). Revue forestiere francaise (nancy) 50: 395-404. Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DFZ Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH. Aguirre-Uribe, L. A., Lozoya-Saldana, A., Luis-Jauregui, A., Quinones-Luna, S., and Juarez-Ramos, F. (1991(1992)). Field Evaluation for the Population Control of Musca Domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) in Chicken Manure With Diflubenzuron. Folia entomol mex 0: 143-151. Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DFZ Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH. Akanbi, M. O. and Ashiru, M. O. (1991). Towards Integrated Pest Management of Forest Defoliators the Nigerian Situation. Xviii international congress of entomology, vancouver, british columbia, canada, 1988. For ecol manage 39: 81-86. Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DFZ Rejection Code: REVIEW,CHEM METHODS. Akiyama, Y., Yoshioka, N., Yano, M., Mitsuhashi, T., Takeda, N., Tsuji, M., and Matsushita, S. (1997). Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products (F.y. 1994-1996). J.Food Hyg.Soc.Jpn. 38: 381-389 (JPN) . Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: FNT,ACP,DZ,DDVP,MTM,CYP,EFX,FNV,FVL,PMR,MOM,BFZ,IPD,TFZ,CYF,TFY,MLN,BPH,ILL,T BA,DPHP,ES,DM,BTN,FRM,IPD,MYC,TDF,TDM Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH. Alho, C. Jr and Vieira, L. M. (1997). Fish and Wildlife Resources in the Pantanal Wetlands of Brazil and Potential Disturbances From the Release of Environmental Contaminants. Environmental toxicology and chemistry 16: 71-74. Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DFZ Rejection Code: REVIEW. Ali, A.
    [Show full text]