GEOMORPHOLOGIE 3 FIN-2005:Maquette Geomorpho

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GEOMORPHOLOGIE 3 FIN-2005:Maquette Geomorpho Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement, 2005, n° 3, p. 227-234 Assessment, protection, and promotion of geomorphological and geological sites in the Aegean area, Greece Évaluation, protection et promotion des sites géomorphologiques et géologiques de la région égéenne, Grèce Nikolaus Zouros* Abstract The Aegean region is characterised by a high geodiversity due to its complex geological setting and to the related relief and landscape features. A large number of geomorphological and geological sites with high potential for scientific, educational and tourist use, are present. A first attempt to present an inventory of major geomorphological and geological sites showing a monumental character was completed recently. Some of these sites, already protected, help in raising public awareness to the values of the geological heritage. The Lesvos petrified forest is the first Greek geopark. A programme for assessing, protecting, and promoting the Lesvos island geosites has been initiated, which includes a management plan and walking trails linking geomorphological and geological sites. The sites of geomorphological interest along these itineraries provide opportunities to introduce visitors to several natural processes and have become tourist attractions. Key words: geomorphological sites, geological sites, geodiversity, assessment, management, geopark, Aegean area, Greece. Résumé La région de l’Egée est caractérisée par une importante diversité, due à sa structure géologique complexe et aux reliefs et paysages variés qui lui sont associés. Dans cette région, un grand nombre de sites géomorphologiques et géologiques offrent un potentiel élevé pour des usages scientifiques, éducatifs et touristiques. Le premier pas en vue de la création d’un inventaire des plus importants sites géomorphologiques et géologiques ayant un caractère monumental a été achevé récemment. Certains de ces sites, qui sont d’ores et déjà protégés, contribuent à renforcer la sensibilisation du public vis-à-vis de la valeur du patrimoine géologique. La forêt pétrifiée de Lesvos constitue le premier géoparc grec dans lequel un programme d’évaluation, de protection et de mise en valeur des sites géologiques a été développé. Ce dernier comprend un plan de gestion et la création de chemins qui, balisés pour la randonnée pédestre, relient les principaux sites géomorphologiques et géologiques. Les sites d’intérêt géomorphologique qui sont identifiés le long des ces chemins balisés favorisent la sensibilisation des visiteurs aux processus naturels et représentent aussi une attraction touristique. Mots clés : sites géomorphologiques, sites géologiques, géodiversité, évaluation, gestion, géoparc, Egée, Grèce. Version française abrégée dépourvu de valeur légale. La publication de cet « Atlas des monuments géologiques de l’Egée » constitue tout de même Malgré les efforts réalisés durant la dernière décennie à le premier pas vers la reconnaissance de ces géosites par les propos de l’évaluation, de la protection et de la promotion autorités locales, les habitants et par les visiteurs de cette du patrimoine géologique et géomorphologique en Grèce, région (Velitzelos et al., 2003). l’absence d’un véritable inventaire national des géosites L’île de Lesvos, située au nord-est de la mer Egée, couvre d’intérêt naturel empêche l’inscription des éléments abio- une surface de 1 630 km2. Le centre et l’ouest de l’île sont tiques dans les plans de protection de la nature mis en constitués principalement de roches volcaniques d’âge néo- oeuvre par l’État. Un premier inventaire a toutefois été gène. Dans la partie occidentale de l’île, des centaines de publié récemment (Velitzelos et al., 2003) : il regroupe troncs, qui ont été recouverts et fossilisés lors des éruptions 317 géosites au sein des îles égéennes, ainsi que la zône volcaniques du Miocène inférieur, constituent la célèbre côtière de la Grèce continentale, mais il est à ce jour Forêt pétrifiée de Lesvos (Velitzelos et Zouros, 2000). Ce * Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, GR–81103, Greece. E-mail: [email protected] Nikolaus Zouros site est protégé par un décret présidentiel depuis 1985. Uti- acter can be defined as natural monuments. Such sites, be- lisant la même méthodologie mise en œuvre pour sides their scientific and educational importance, are areas of l’inventaire de l’Egée, celui des 53 géosites de l’île de Les- natural beauty. Combining and promoting the geomorpho- vos a été réalisé et une carte a pu être dressée (fig. 1). logical and geological heritage, together with the ecological En parallèle, le premier géoparc de Grèce a été créé au- and cultural dimensions of a visit in the area, could un- tour de la forêt pétrifiée de Lesvos. En 2000, ce géoparc a doubtedly offer numerous benefits for the development of été l’un des quatre premiers fondés dans le cadre du Réseau alternative forms of geotourism. européen des géoparcs (Zouros, 2004). L’expérience montre Although several attempts were made during the past que dans le cas de l’île de Lesvos, le géoparc de la Forêt pé- decade in order to draw up a national inventory of geosites, trifiée constitue un instrument approprié pour identifier, no official inventory exists in Greece as yet. The first évaluer, protéger et promouvoir les géosites. Le géoparc a attempt was made by the Greek Institute of Geology and en effet été l’occasion de développer des mesures visant à Mining Research (IGME) and a list of 50 geosites was sub- protéger et à promouvoir les géosites inventoriés sur son mitted to the Ministry of Culture, but without further result. territoire. De telles mesures englobent : 1) l’entretien régu- In 1985, the first site, the Petrified forest of Lesvos, initial- lier et la protection des géosites contre les actes de vanda- ly protected for its geological characteristics, was declared a lisme ; 2) la réalisation d’infrastructures de protection protected natural monument (Presidential Decree 433/ contre l’altération et l’érosion des sites ; 3) la protection 1985). In 1986, the Environmental Protection Law was particulière des géosites les plus vulnérables (en interdisant adopted, which refers also to the protection of abiotic com- leur accès, par exemple) ; 4) l’interprétation de tous les ponents of Nature. géosites par le biais de panneaux d’information, de bro- Following international initiatives (Martini, 1993; O’Hal- chures et de guides d’excursions ; 5) l’organisation d’acti- loran et al., 1994), a working group for the protection of the vités sur ces sites (programmes d’éducation, randonnées geological heritage in Greece was formed in 1995 by IGME guidées le long des sentiers reliant ces espaces protégés, ac- and was enlarged with the contribution of scientists from the tivités récréatives liées à ces derniers, etc.). En ce sens, les universities and other institutions. Since then several initia- géoparcs sont conduits à devenir des lieux privilégiés pour tives have been taken for protecting and promoting sensibiliser le public à la valeur du patrimoine géolo- gique et géomorphologique et en assurer la protection en même temps. Introduction The Aegean area is classi- fied as one of the most ac- tive regions of the Earth’s surface due to its intense tectonic activity. Examples of important geomorpho- logical, geological and palaeontological sites asso- ciated with numerous geo- logical phenomena and pro- cesses can be seen through- out the Aegean region: vol- canoes, narrow valleys and gorges, caves and other karstic landforms, rare rocks and minerals, thermal springs and geothermal Photo 1 – An impressive volcanic geosite in the Aegean sea. Santorini caldera, formed by a fields, major fossil sites, catastrophic eruption 3600 years ago, which demolished a large part of the volcano. The multicoloured layers of pyroclastics, lavas and pumice deposits resulted from the successive eruptions during the last large geological faults, ore 2,5 million years built up of the caldera margins. mines, stone quarries and spectacular landscapes. Ge- Photo 1 – Un géosite volcanique impressionnant de la région de la mer Egée. La caldeira de l’île de Santorin a été formée par une éruption catastrophique ayant provoqué la démolition d’une grande partie omorphological, geological du volcan il y a 3600 ans. Les couches aux couleurs variées de pyroclastes, de laves et de ponces and palaeontological sites déposées au cours d’éruptions successives durant 2,5 millions d’années ont construit les bords de la having a monumental char- caldeira. 228 Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement, 2005, n° 3, p. 227-234 Assessment, protection, and promotion of geomorphological and geological sites in the Agean area important geological and geomorphological sites. In the Geological and geomorphological frame of the Geosites project, an International Union of monuments in the Aegean area Geological Sciences (IUGS) initiative for the inventory and compilation of the global geosites list, a geosites framework The main goals of the Aegean project were to produce a list for South Eastern European countries was prepared list of typical geomorphological and geological sites (Theodosiou-Drandaki et al., 2003). exhibiting a monumental character, which should highlight In 1998, the Natural History Museum of the Lesvos Petri- the geomorphological and geological wealth of the Aegean fied Forest, in collaboration with the Departments of area and help to draw comparisons among different land- Geology of the Universities of Athens and Thessaloniki and scapes of the
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