DOCSLIB.ORG

Aphantopus Hyperantus As a Response to Microhabitat Structures in and Around a Natura-2000 Site in Upper Austria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aphantopus Hyperantus As a Response to Microhabitat Structures in and Around a Natura-2000 Site in Upper Austria Investigations on population dynamics of Phengaris teleius, P. nausithous, & Aphantopus hyperantus as a response to microhabitat structures in and around a Natura-2000 site in Upper Austria Masterarbeit Zur Erlangung des Mastergrades – MSc An der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Paris- Lodron-Universität Salzburg Eingereicht von Anna Sommer, BSc GutachterIn: Univ.-Doz. Dr. Andrea Grill Univ.-Prof. Dr. Jan Christian Habel Fachbereich: Biowissenschaften Salzburg, September 2020 Abstract Biodiversity is declining worldwide. Insects are among the most threatened groups. Specialist species are in particular negatively affected by habitat loss and deterioration of habitat quality. The occurrence of the two endangered and often sympatrically existing butterfly species Phengaris nausithous and P. teleius is strongly limited by the availability of their host ants (Myrmica) and host plant (Sanguisorba officinalis). Using a mark release recapture approach, this study investigated the dispersal behaviour of these two rare specialist species and one abundant generalist butterfly Aphantopus hyperantus across five meadows from July to August 2019. Based on the obtained data, the following research questions were answered: (1) Does daily abundance of butterflies in the three species differ between the five meadow patches, (2) Is flight distance explained by habitat quality measured in abundance of flowerheads and Myrmica ants, and (3) Does border structure (road, path, forest, bushes, fertilized grassland) as well as the availability of Sanguisorba officinalis flowerheads and nectar beyond the border affect the crossing probability of the butterflies? Statistical analyses revealed that daily abundance of butterflies differed significantly between the five meadows and between species. Flight distances, on the other hand, were most significantly affected by species-membership. Border structure and nectar availability beyond the border affected the crossing probability. Conclusively, the results allow insights into what is hindering or promoting the dispersal of the two endangered lycaenid species between patches. Biodiversität ist weltweit im Rückgang, wobei Insekten zu den am meistgefährdetsten Tieren zählen. Besonders Spezialisten sind durch Lebensraumverlust und -degradierung stark betroffen. Phengaris teleius und P. nausithous, zwei gefährdete, oft sympatrisch vorkommende Schmetterlinge, sind durch das Vorkommen ihrer Wirtspflanze (Sanguisorba officinalis) und ihrer Wirtsameisen (Myrmica) limitiert. Mittels Fang-Wiederfang Methode untersucht diese Studie das Flugverhalten und die Ausbreitung der zwei spezialisierten Bläulings-Arten und einer generalistischen Art (Aphantopus hyperantus) in fünf Flächen. Im Rahmen dieser Studie werden folgende Fragen beantwortet: (1) Unterscheidet sich die tägliche Abundanz der drei Arten in den fünf untersuchten Flächen?, (2) Ist die Flugdistanz der Schmetterlinge von der Habitatsqualität (gemessen an der Anzahl von S. officinalis Blütenköpfen und Myrmica-Ameisen) abhängig?, (3) Haben verschiedene Grenzstrukturen (Straße, Schotterweg, Wald, Gebüsch, Fettwiese) sowie Nektar- und Wirtspflanzenangebot jenseits der Habitatsgrenze Einfluss auf das Überqueren und somit auf die Ausbreitung der Schmetterlinge in andere Wiesenflächen. Statistische Analysen ergaben signifikante Unterschiede in der täglichen Schmetterlingsabundanz zwischen den fünf Flächen, außerdem unterschieden sich die Arten untereinander in deren Abundanz. Unterschiede in der Flugdistanz wurden nicht durch die Habitatsqualität sondern durch die Artzugehörigkeit erklärt. A. hyperantus legte weitere Strecken zurück als die beiden Bläulings-Arten. Die Art der Grenzstruktur und die Verfügbarkeit von Nektar jenseits der Habitatsgrenze beeinflusste das Überqueren der Grenzen. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen bietet diese Studie Einsicht in förderliche und hinderliche Faktoren in Bezug auf das Flugverhalten und somit auf die Ausbreitung der Schmetterlinge. 1. Introduction During the last 50 years, the earth's biodiversity has declined profoundly; furthermore, biodiversity crisis is occurring worldwide (IPBES report on biodiversity and ecosystem services (Díaz et al. 2020)). Further, besides of direct exploitation, climate change, pollution and the invasion of alien species, the authors include land use change into the direct drivers of global biodiversity loss. Moreover, this IPBES report reveals that 75 % of global land surface has been altered due to rapid increase of human population followed by rising human necessities, consumption- and production patterns and an expanding agriculture. Intensified agriculture often leads to monocultures, habitat deterioration and - fragmentation (Crews et al. 2018 and references theirein) mainly affecting terrestrial organisms like insects. Insects are relatively well studied when compared to other invertebrates and heavy declines in both, species richness and abundance have been documented (Wagner 2020, Simmons et al. 2019). Among insects, butterflies belong to the most threatened groups (Habel et al. 2019 and references theirein) being strongly negatively affected by habitat loss and deterioration as a consequence of intensive agriculture (Thomas 2016). They can be divided into two main functional groups: generalists (polyphagous) and specialists (oligo- or monophagous), the latter often are highly specialized feeding and breeding on few or single plant species (Slansky 1976). While generalists can persist and sometimes thrive in homogenous landscapes, specialists mostly are directly negatively affected by habitat homogenisation and the subsequent loss of biodiversity (Melero et al. 2016). Besides habitat loss and -deterioration, habitat fragmentation is a severe threat for butterflies as it bears the risk of genetic isolation. In both, urban and rural areas, high quality habitats (species rich patches, high in biodiversity) often are isolated patches, cut through by buildings, roads etc., or they are embedded into a matrix of intensified agricultural landscape, which may lead to lower dispersal rates and a subsequent decrease of genetic diversity (Rochat et al. 2017 and references theirein, Schtickzelle et al. 2006). Dispersal leads to higher population and metapopulation size, thus to more stability (Hansson 1991) and is therefore detrimental for the persistence of metapopulations (Hanski 1999, Hanski et al. 2000). Although butterflies are highly mobile species, even certain generalist butterflies (e.g. Maniola jurtina) tend to stay within a confined space of 100 m in a non-fragmented area (Grill et al. 2006). The study species Both large blue butterflies, the dusky large blue (Phengaris nausithous, Bergsträsser 1779) and the scarce large blue (Phengaris teleius, Bergsträsser 1779) (former genus Maculinea), are highly specialized. They often occur sympatrically, inhabiting wetland like fen meadows or heathland, where Sanguisorba officinalis (great burnet) and their host ants of the genus Myrmica occur. P. nausithous is restricted to M. rubra as host ant (Thomas et al. 1989) while P. teleius mainly is confined to M. scabrinodis and M. rubra but also has been reported to parasitize successfully in nests of Aphaenogaster japonica, M. gallienii, M. salina, M. specioides and M. vandeli (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (Tartally and Varga 2008). For oviposition, females exclusively use the capitulum (flower head) of the great burnet, where the larvae feed on Sanguisorba officinalis inside the flower head until their fourth instar. After these 3-4 weeks (Bubová et al. 2018), once the larva have completed their third molt the caterpillars leave their host plant and drop down onto the ground surface. Using mimicry by imitating certain sounds and pheromones, they lure their host ants, which pick them up and bring them actively into the ant nest, where they live parasitically (Thomas 1984). P. nausithous caterpillars are immediately attractive to Myrmica ants and adopted in less than 6 minutes (on average); in contrast, to become attractive to the host ants, larvae of P. teleius need to perform a certain adoption behaviour by offering secretion droplets from the dorsal nectary organ, which results in an average adoption time of 44 minutes (Fiedler 1990). Inside the nest, P. nausithous lives predatory feeding on ant brood but also is fed actively by worker ants (Thomas and Settele 2004), whereas P. teleius lives predatory only, depleting the ant brood. As a result, several caterpillars of P. nausithous can survive in one ant nest, while only one larva of P. teleius survives per nest (Weidemann 1986). Having finished the metamorphosis, the butterflies fly from July to mid of August and live on average for three days (Bubová et al. 2016, Nowicki et al. 2005). Due to this high level of specialization, both species are regarded as flagship species for insect conservation, they have a high conservation status in Europe (Bubová et al. 2018 and references theirein). The World Conservation Monitoring Centre (IUCN 1996a, IUCN 1996b) lists both species as “Near threatened”. Additionally, they are cited in various red lists of many European countries (Grill et al. 2008). In the red list of Austria both are declared as “Vulnerable” (Höttinger and Pennerstorfer 2005). Moreover, they are listed in Annex II and IV of the European Habitats Directive, which means that conservation areas must be established, and that the species are strictly protected EU wide, inside and outside of Natura 2000 sites (Council of the European Union, EU 1992).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE ECONOMIC VALUE of ROSOIDEAE (ROSACEAE Adans.) from the FLORA of the REPUBLIC of MOLDOVA
    42 JOURNAL OF BOTANY VOL. X, NR. 2 (17), 2018 CZU: 581.9:582.734(478) THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF ROSOIDEAE (ROSACEAE Adans.) FROM THE FLORA OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Elena Tofan-Dorofeev “Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute), Republic of Moldova Abstract: This article includes the results of a multi-annual study on Rosoideae species throughout the Republic of Moldova, which was conducted during 2008-2018. The assessment of spontaneousRosoideae in the flora of the Republic of Moldova, from economic point of view, allowed us to highlight 6 categories: melliferous plants (44 species), medicinal plants (35), edible plants (31), industrial plants (24), forage plants (28) and ornamental plants (37 species). The large number of plants of economic importance is due to the fact that a species may belong to two or more economic categories. Keywords: economic categories, Rosoideae, Republic of Moldova. INTRODUCTION The use of spontaneous plants has been a preoccupation of people since the beginnings of civilization. The plant diversity of our region is very rich, but the potential of useful plants has not been sufficiently harnessed. At the same time, these resources must be used rationally, and in some cases even protected, because the pressure exerted by irrational harvesting puts them at risk. Economically valuable species can be used directly or as raw material and their use depends, to a large extent, on their chemical composition. Plants contain different groups of chemical compounds with multiple uses in various branches: pharmaceutics, food, industry etc. Most of the Rosoideae contain flavonoids, carotenoids, mineral salts, organic acids, essential oils, tannins, pectins, carbohydrates, saponins, dyes and a wide range of vitamins (C, A, E, B1, B2, P, PP, K).
    [Show full text]
  • A Contribution to the Achene Knowledge of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) LM and SEM
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY 1560–8530/2003/05–2–105–112 http://www.ijab.org A Contribution to the Achene Knowledge of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) LM and SEM MOHAMED E. TANTAWY AND MOHAMED M. NASERI† Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt †Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Science and Technology "Hauari Boumedienne" Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers Corresponding author E.mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Macro– and micromorphological characters of the achene of 29 taxa belonging to four tribes and 10 genera of Rosoideae were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. Results by LM showed that the macro- and micromorphological characters of achene such as shape, colour, surface, dimensions, pericarp and testa anatomy are all parameters that are unreliable either for identification or differentiation between the species of the same genus. A proposed presentation was constructed on the basis of the number of dorsal and ventral vascular bundles of the achene and their behaviour to show the line of evolution in the taxa under investigation. SEM study of the pericarp showed nine types of achene surface pattern, six of the them comprise sub-types. The achene surface pattern has great taxonomic value for species delimitation and represents a significant contribution to the knowledge of Rosoideae. Key Words: Achene morphology; Achene anatomy; SEM; Rosoideae (Rosaceae) INTRODUCTION Kranitz, 1997; Hansen et al., 2000, Eriksen & Fredrikson, 2000; Amsellen et al., 2001). The scanning electron microscopic studies on seeds The specific objective of this study was to assess the and fruits surface pattern have been used in elucidating usefulness of the macro- and micromorphological characters taxonomic and genetic relationships (Heywood, 1971; of the achene using light microscopy (LM) and scanning Brisson & Peterson, 1976; Gopinathan & Babu, 1985; electron microscopy (SEM) at the infra-generic level Rajdali, 1990; Sulaiman, 1995; Balkwill & Young, 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Sanguisorba Officinalis
    29 (2014) Band 29 (2014) Issue 29 (2014) Sofia–Moscow 2014 Oedippus 29 (2014) Publikationsdatum: Juli 2014 Publication date: July 2014 Zeitschrift für Veröffentlichungen zu den Themenbereichen Verbreitung, Systematik, Taxonomie, Ökologie und Schutz von Schmetterlingen. A journal devoted to publications on the distribution, systematics, taxonomy, ecology, and conservation of butterflies and moths. Edited by/Herausgegeben von: Editor–in-Chief/Herausgeber: Josef Settele GfS - Gesellschaft für Schmetterlingsschutz e.V., c/o Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH – UFZ Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle Germany ISSN: 1436-5804 (print) ISSN: 1314-2682 (online) Titelbild: Eisenfarbener Samtfalter (Hipparchia statilinus), Foto: Laura Luft, Potsdam Rückseite: Kulturlandschaft in Rumänien, Foto: Jacqueline Loos, Lüneburg Pensoft Publishers Prof. Georgi Zlatarski Street 12 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria Tel. +359-2-8704281 Fax: +359-2-8704282 E-mail: [email protected] www.pensoft.net Present issue supported by UFZ & BCE OEDIPPUS 29 (2014) 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis Contents Der Blauschillernde Feuerfalter (Lycaena helle) im Life+ Projekt „Rur & Kall – Lebensräume im Fluss“ 5 Bernhard Theißen Digital- und Real-Habitatmodellierung von Hipparchia statilinus in der Döberitzer Heide Carsten Neumann & Laura Luft 14 „Find the Great Burnet“ - a Citizen Science project Karin Ulbrich, Elisabeth Kühn, Martin Wiemers, Alexander Harpke, 21 Josef Settele Establishing butterfly monitoring in Romania 32 Jacqueline Loos and Paul Kirkland „Find the Great Burnet“OEDIPPUS - a Citizen
    [Show full text]
  • 60 Spring 2021 Latest
    Flora News Newsletter of the Hampshire & Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust’s Flora Group No. 60 Spring 2021 Published February 2021 In This Issue Member Survey .................................................................................................................................................3 Keeping in Touch Flora Group Open Chat Sessions ........................................................... Martin Rand ...............................3 Forthcoming Online Events .........................................................................................................................3 Forthcoming Field Events ...........................................................................................................................5 Reports of Recent Events Zoom Workshop on Flowering Plant Families ........................................ Martin Rand ...............................8 Notes & Features Possible first British record of Linaria vulgaris × L. purpurea .................. John Norton ...............................9 ‘Hello Old Friend’: the reappearance of Mudwort in the New Forest ...... Clive Chatters ..........................13 Small Fleabane: A Miscellany ................................................................. Clive Chatters ..........................14 Hunting for Local Orchids During the 2020 Lockdown ............................ Peter Vaughan .........................16 Reporting New Pests and Diseases of Trees ......................................... Sarah Ball ................................18 Hants
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology and Phytochemistry of Sanguisorba Officinalis L. Seeds (Rosaceae)
    Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality 94, 92 - 98 (2021), DOI:10.5073/JABFQ.2021.094.011 1Department of Analytical Development and Research, Section Phytochemical Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany 2Department of Plant Systems Biology, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany Morphology and phytochemistry of Sanguisorba offcinalis L. seeds (Rosaceae) Marek Bunse1,2, Florian Conrad Stintzing1, Dietmar Rolf Kammerer1,* (Submitted: October 15, 2020; Accepted: April 29, 2021) Summary grow 10 to 200 cm high, with further leaves arranged alternately up Great burnet (Sanguisorba offcinalis) has been used as medicinal the stem. The leaves are pinnate with serrated margins. Flowers are plant for more than 2000 years. However, little is known about the small, tetramerous or trimerous and often unisexual, and they lack morphology and the secondary metabolites of its seeds. The inves- petals (WANG et al., 2020). The stamina have long flaments, and gy- tigations reported here focus on the morphology and the characteri- noecia consist of a single carpel topped with a feathery style (KALK- zation of phenolics and fatty acids in S. offcinalis seeds. For this MAN, 2004). The fowers are small, dense clusters or spikes with a purpose, dried seeds were investigated using scanning electron length of 1 to 7 cm (BLAscHEK et al., 2018; UCHIDA and OHARA, microscopy to clarify their compartment structures. Furthermore, 2018). The fowering stage ranges from June to September and the fruit phases are usually from August to November. The fruits of San- the seeds were extracted with CH2Cl2 and MeOH to characterize the fatty acids and to assess the secondary metabolite profle.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Chloroplast Genomes from Sanguisorba: Identity and Variation Among Four Species
    molecules Article Complete Chloroplast Genomes from Sanguisorba: Identity and Variation Among Four Species Xiang-Xiao Meng 1,†, Yan-Fang Xian 2,†, Li Xiang 1, Dong Zhang 1, Yu-Hua Shi 1, Ming-Li Wu 1, Gang-Qiang Dong 3 ID , Siu-Po Ip 2, Zhi-Xiu Lin 2, Lan Wu 1,2,* and Wei Sun 1,* 1 Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; [email protected] (X.-X.M.); [email protected] (L.X.); [email protected] (D.Z.); [email protected] (Y.-H.S.); [email protected] (M.-L.W.) 2 School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, N.T., Hong Kong, China; [email protected] (Y.-F.X.); [email protected] (S.-P.I.); [email protected] (Z.-X.L.) 3 Amway (China) Botanical Research and Development Center, Wuxi 214145, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (W.S.); Tel.: +86-10-6409-6302 (L.W. & W.S.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Academic Editor: Mingfei Zhou Received: 13 July 2018; Accepted: 23 August 2018; Published: 24 August 2018 Abstract: The genus Sanguisorba, which contains about 30 species around the world and seven species in China, is the source of the medicinal plant Sanguisorba officinalis, which is commonly used as a hemostatic agent as well as to treat burns and scalds. Here we report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences of four Sanguisorba species (S.
    [Show full text]
  • Nota Lepidopterologica
    ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Nota lepid. 23 (2): 147-172; 01.VII.2000 ISSN 0342-7536 On the ethology and ecology of a small and isolated population of the Dusky Large Blue Butterfly Glaucopsyche (Maculinea) nausithous (Lycaenidae) 1 2 3 Manfred Alban Pfeifer . Ulf Robert Andrick . Wolfgang Frey & Josef Settele" 1 Bahnhofplatz 5, D-67240 Bobenheim-Roxheim. Germany : Mannheimer Str. 12. D-67665 Kaiserslautern. Germany 3 Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachgebiet Wasserbau und Wasserwirtschaft. D- 67663 Kaiserslautern. Germany 4 UFZ - Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle. Department of Conservation Biology and Natural Resources. Permoserstraße 15. D-04318 Leipzig. Germany (corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected]) Summary. During a study of a small, relatively isolated population of Glaucopsyche (Maculinea) nausithous (Bergsträsser. 1779). nearly every new adult entering the popula- tion was individually marked in summer 1990. Marked individuals were regularly recap- tured. The population assessment was nearly complete, as shown by a comparison with estimates based on the Jolly-Seber-model. The average adult residence time was estimat- ed at 2.3 days. Individual observations were made of the diurnal distribution of the fol- lowing activities: resting, flight, nectaring. oviposition. copulation, and [other] move- ments. Our results show sex and age specific differences. On the day of marking, which was normally the day of eclosion, all activities were comparatively low. Older individu- als of both sexes were generally active for the same amount of time per day. but differed with regard to activity profiles. Males undertook longer flights to search for females with- in the habitat, while the females flew more often but over much shorter distances, result- ing in a shorter total flight time.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Evolution of Rosids
    Diversity and Evolution of Rosids . roses, currants, peonies . Eudicots • continue survey through the eudicots or tricolpates • vast majority of eudicots are Rosids (polypetalous) and Asterids core (sympetalous) eudicots rosid asterid Eudicots • unlike Asterids, Rosids (in orange) now represent a diverse set of families *Saxifragales • before examining the large Rosid group, look at a small but important order of flowering plants - Saxifragales Paeonia Sedum *Saxifragales • small group of 16 families and about 2500 species sister to Rosids • ancient lineage from 120 mya and underwent rapid radiation Paeonia Sedum *Saxifragales • part of this ancient radiation may involve this small family of holo-parasites - Cynomoriaceae *Saxifragales • they generally can be identified by their two or more separate or semi-fused carpels, but otherwise quite variable Paeonia Sedum Paeoniaceae 1 genus / 33 species • like many of these families, Paeonia exhibits an Arcto-Tertiary distribution Paeoniaceae 1 genus / 33 species • small shrubs with primitive features of perianth and stamens • hypogynous with 5-8 separate carpels developing into follicles Cercidiphyllaceae 1 genus / 2 species • small trees (kadsura-tree) restricted to eastern China and Japan . • . but fossils in North America and Europe from Tertiary Cercidiphyllaceae 1 genus / 2 species • unisexual, wind-pollinated but do produce follicles Hamamelidaceae 27 genera and 80 species - witch hazels • family of trees and shrubs in subtropical and temperate areas but only 1 species in Wisconsin - witch
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Distribution and Evolution of Mycorrhizas in Land Plants
    Mycorrhiza (2006) 16: 299–363 DOI 10.1007/s00572-005-0033-6 REVIEW B. Wang . Y.-L. Qiu Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants Received: 22 June 2005 / Accepted: 15 December 2005 / Published online: 6 May 2006 # Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract A survey of 659 papers mostly published since plants (Pirozynski and Malloch 1975; Malloch et al. 1980; 1987 was conducted to compile a checklist of mycorrhizal Harley and Harley 1987; Trappe 1987; Selosse and Le Tacon occurrence among 3,617 species (263 families) of land 1998;Readetal.2000; Brundrett 2002). Since Nägeli first plants. A plant phylogeny was then used to map the my- described them in 1842 (see Koide and Mosse 2004), only a corrhizal information to examine evolutionary patterns. Sev- few major surveys have been conducted on their phyloge- eral findings from this survey enhance our understanding of netic distribution in various groups of land plants either by the roles of mycorrhizas in the origin and subsequent diver- retrieving information from literature or through direct ob- sification of land plants. First, 80 and 92% of surveyed land servation (Trappe 1987; Harley and Harley 1987;Newman plant species and families are mycorrhizal. Second, arbus- and Reddell 1987). Trappe (1987) gathered information on cular mycorrhiza (AM) is the predominant and ancestral type the presence and absence of mycorrhizas in 6,507 species of of mycorrhiza in land plants. Its occurrence in a vast majority angiosperms investigated in previous studies and mapped the of land plants and early-diverging lineages of liverworts phylogenetic distribution of mycorrhizas using the classifi- suggests that the origin of AM probably coincided with the cation system by Cronquist (1981).
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioural Evidence for a Putative Oviposition-Deterring Pheromone in the Butterfly, Phengaris (Maculinea) Teleius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
    Eur. J. Entomol. 110(1): 71–80, 2013 http://www.eje.cz/pdfs/110/1/71 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Behavioural evidence for a putative oviposition-deterring pheromone in the butterfly, Phengaris (Maculinea) teleius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) MARCIN SIELEZNIEW1* and ANNA M. STANKIEWICZ-FIEDUREK2 1 Department of Applied Entomology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, PL-02-776 Warszawa, Poland 2 Laboratory of Social and Myrmecophilous Insects, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 62, PL-00-679 Warszawa, Poland Key words. Host plant marking behaviour, host plant selection, Maculinea teleius, myrmecophily, oviposition, oviposition-deterring pheromone, Phengaris teleius, Sanguisorba officinalis, social parasite Abstract. Larvae of the endangered Scarce Large Blue butterfly, Phengaris (Maculinea) teleius, are initially endophytic, feeding upon developing seeds of Sanguisorba officinalis, but complete their development as social parasites preying on the brood of Myr- mica ants. Females show very specific preferences, laying eggs exclusively in young flower heads of the food plant. In the present contribution we report the results of a detailed study of female behaviour at three sites differing in size and abundance of S. officina- lis. Tracked individuals switched between feeding on nectar (nectaring), flight and oviposition. They fed exclusively on flowers of reddish, pink or violet colouration, favouring Viccia cracca and S. officinalis. However, females spent about one fifth of the time they were active ovipositing and laid about 20 eggs per hour. Oviposition visits to flower heads were highly stereotyped and fol- lowed a specific ritual. Examination of accepted, rejected and randomly sampled flower heads showed that females avoided those containing conspecific eggs and at a site where this was difficult due to a shortage of suitable flower heads, they tended to distribute their eggs evenly among the available flower heads.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Rosaceae Fruit Types Based on Nuclear Phylogeny in The
    Evolution of Rosaceae Fruit Types Based on Nuclear Phylogeny in the Context of Geological Times and Genome Duplication Yezi Xiang,1,† Chien-Hsun Huang,1,† Yi Hu,2 Jun Wen,3 Shisheng Li,4 Tingshuang Yi,5 Hongyi Chen,4 Jun Xiang,*,4 and Hong Ma*,1 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Center of Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 2Department of Biology, the Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 3The Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 4Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Huanggang Normal College,Huanggang,Hubei,China 5Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China †These authors contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding authors: E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Associate editor: Hongzhi Kong Abstract Fruits are the defining feature of angiosperms, likely have contributed to angiosperm successes by protecting and dis- persing seeds, and provide foods to humans and other animals, with many morphological types and important ecological and agricultural implications. Rosaceae is a family with 3000 species and an extraordinary spectrum of distinct fruits, including fleshy peach, apple, and strawberry prized by their consumers, as well as dry achenetum and follicetum with features facilitating seed dispersal, excellent for studying fruit evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • (Rosaceae) in Sanguisorba
    BLUMEA 30 (1984) 51-68 The genus Sanguisorba(Rosaceae) in India K.M. Purohit & G. Panigrahi Botanical Survey of India, Howrah - 711 103, India Summary Sanguisorba L. emend. Nordboig is represented in India by five taxa: S. officinalis L. subsp. longifolia (Bertol.) Purohit & Panigrahi, stat. nov., S. diandra (Hook. f.) Wallich ex Nordborg var. diandra, S. diandra var. villosa Purohit & Panigrahi, var. nov., S. filiformis (Hook,f.) Hand.-Mazz. A and S. minor Scop. subsp. minor, of which S. minor is a new record for India. key to the Indian taxa is provided, nomenclature and typification discussed; cytological, palynological, data and economic wherever of distribu- ecological notes on uses, available, are furnished,range tion indicated and specimens examined, cited. Introduction based Sanguisorba* L. (1753, 1754) was on two species: S. officinalis L. and S. canadensis L., the former typified by plants from Europe and the latter from Canada Poterium** L. founded three (North America). Simultaneously, was on species, viz., P. sanguisorba L„ P. hybridum L. and P. spinosum L described on plants from Europe and Southwest Asia. Linnaeus, who assigned Sanguisorba L. to his class 'Tetrandria-Monogynia' and Poterium L. to 'Monoecia-Polyandria', distinguished them as follows: Bisexual flowers with four stamens and one style Sanguisorba L. Monoecious plants with male flowers having many stamens; female flowers with two styles Poterium L. ' Although Scopoli (1772) observed Sanguisorba auriculata (Scopoli) coniungit Poterium cum Sanguisorba officinali, omnibusetiam habitus idem vires medicae com- munes, fructificatio et florescentia similis', not only he had not cited Poterium as a synonym ofSanguisorba L. but had transferred only one of the three species of Pote- without rium (1753) to Sanguisorba any comment on the generic status of the re- maining two species.
    [Show full text]