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Origen Y Evolución De Los Cefalópodos Coleoideos: Implicancias De La Modificación De La Concha

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Origen Y Evolución De Los Cefalópodos Coleoideos: Implicancias De La Modificación De La Concha Universidad de Concepción Dirección de Postgrado Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas-Programa de Doctorado en Sistemática y Biodiversidad Origen y evolución de los cefalópodos coleoideos: Implicancias de la modificación de la concha Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Sistemática y Biodiversidad Patricio Manuel Ulloa Cisternas CONCEPCIÓN-CHILE 2018 Profesor Guía: Cristian Hernández Ulloa Dpto. de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas Universidad de Concepción Esta tesis ha sido aprobada por la siguiente Comisión Evaluadora: Profesor Guía _________________________ Dr. Cristián E. Hernández Ulloa Co-Guía de Tesis _________________________ Dr. Christian M. Ibáñez Carvajal Profesor Evaluador Interno _________________________ Dr. Enrique Rodriguez Serrano Profesor Evaluador Interno _________________________ Dr. Luis Parra Jimenez Profesor Evaluador Externo _________________________ Dr. Cristian Canales Aguirre Director de Programa Alterno _________________________ Dr. Cristián E. Hernández Ulloa ii Tesis dedicada a Don Manuel Segundo Ulloa Hernández (Q.E.P.D). Con todo el amor de un hijo que jamás te olvidará. Dios te tenga en su Santo Reino junto a mi madre y hermana, amado papá. iii TABLA DE CONTENIDOS COMISION EVALUADORA ......................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATORIA ............................................................................................................................................. iii LISTA DE TABLAS Y FIGURAS ............................................................................................................. v-vi RESUMEN ................................................................................................................................................. vii-x INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL .................................................................................................................... 1-8 OBJETIVO GENERAL.................................................................................................................................. 9 HIPOTESIS GENERAL ................................................................................................................................. 9 PREDICCIONES ........................................................................................................................................... 9 OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS ......................................................................................................................... 9 BIBLIOGRAFIA ..................................................................................................................................... 10-16 CAPITULO II: ORIGEN Y DIVERSIFICACION DE LA SUBCLASE COLEOIDEA ........................ 17 HIPÓTESIS .................................................................................................................................................. 17 OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................................................. 17 PREDICCIONES ......................................................................................................................................... 17 PREGUNTAS A RESPONDER ................................................................................................................... 18 RESUMEN .............................................................................................................................................. 18-19 INTRODUCCION ................................................................................................................................... 19-22 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ......................................................................................................................... 22-24 RESULTADOS ............................................................................................................................................ 24-25 DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................................................................................... 25-30 BIBLIOGRAFÍA .......................................................................................................................................... 30-37 CAPITULO III: BIOGEOGRAFIA DE LOS CALAMARES MYÓPSIDOS .......................................... 44 HIPÓTESIS .................................................................................................................................................. 44 OBJETIVO ................................................................................................................................................... 44 PREDICCIONES ......................................................................................................................................... 44 PREGUNTASA RESPONDER .................................................................................................................... 45 RESUMEN Y ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... 46 INTRODUCCION ................................................................................................................................... 47-48 MATERIALES Y METODOS ......................................................................................................................... 48-50 RESULTADOS ............................................................................................................................................ 50-53 DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................................................................................... 53-59 CONCLUSIONES ........................................................................................................................................ 59 AGRADECIMIENTOS ................................................................................................................................ 59 REFERENCIAS ...................................................................................................................................... 59-62 CAPITULO IV: CONCHA ANCESTRAL EN LA SUBCLASE COLEOIDEA . .................................... 63 HIPÓTESIS .................................................................................................................................................. 63 OBJETIVO ................................................................................................................................................... 63 PREDICCIONES ......................................................................................................................................... 63 PREGUNTAS A RESPONDER ................................................................................................................... 63 RESUMEN ....................................................................................................................................................... 64 INTRODUCCION ......................................................................................................................................... 65-70 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ......................................................................................................................... 71-73 RESULTADOS ............................................................................................................................................ 74-77 DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................................................................................... 78-85 BIBLIOGRAFÍA .......................................................................................................................................... 86-96 CAPITULO V: CONCLUSIONES GENERALES ............................................................................ 105-107 BIBLIOGRAFIA. ..................................................................................................................................... 107-109 iv LISTA DE TABLAS INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL TABLA 1: Resumen hábitos de vida subclase coleoidea ..................................................................... 4 CAPITULO II: ORIGEN Y DIVERSIFICACION DE LA SUBCLASE COLEOIDEA TABLA 1: Resumen puntos de calibración subclase Coleoidea ...................................................... 24 TABLA 2: Cefalópodos utilizados, taxonomía y código acceso Genbank en cada gen considerado .............................................................................................................................................. 41-43 TABLA 3: Detalle mejor modelo seleccionado por JmodelTest2 ................................................... 44 CAPITULO III: BIOGEOGRAFIA DE LOS CALAMARES MYÓPSIDOS TABLA 1: Taxonomía y distribución de la Familia Loliginidae ..................................................... 49 TABLA 2: Número de acceso GenBank para la familia Loliginidae y su grupo externo ......... 49 TABLA 3: Resultados de análisis con S-Diva: Nodo; edad media, rango edad, ocurrencia de áreas ancestrales y probabilidad asociada. Edad en millones de años. A: Pacífico nororiental, B: Pacífico noroccidental, C: Pacífico suroriental, D: Pacífico suroccidental, E: Atlántico nororiental, F: Atlántico noroccidental, G: Atlántico suroriental y H: Atlántico suroccidental ...............................................................................................................................................
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