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Urinary System Diseases and Disorders

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Urinary System Diseases and Disorders URINARY SYSTEM DISEASES AND DISORDERS BERRYHILL & CASHION HS1 2017-2018 - CYSTITIS INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER CAUSE=PATHOGENS ENTERING THE URINARY MEATUS CYSTITIS • MORE COMMON IN FEMALES DUE TO SHORT URETHRA • SYMPTOMS=FREQUENT URINATION, HEMATURIA, LOWER BACK PAIN, BLADDER SPASM, FEVER • TREATMENT=ANTIBIOTICS, INCREASE FLUID INTAKE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS • AKA NEPHRITIS • INFLAMMATION OF THE GLOMERULUS • CAN BE ACUTE OR CHRONIC ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS • USUALLY FOLLOWS A STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION LIKE STREP THROAT, SCARLET FEVER, RHEUMATIC FEVER • SYMPTOMS=CHILLS, FEVER, FATIGUE, EDEMA, OLIGURIA, HEMATURIA, ALBUMINURIA ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS • TREATMENT=REST, SALT RESTRICTION, MAINTAIN FLUID & ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, ANTIPYRETICS, DIURETICS, ANTIBIOTICS • WITH TREATMENT, KIDNEY FUNCTION IS USUALLY RESTORED, & PROGNOSIS IS GOOD CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS • REPEATED CASES OF ACUTE NEPHRITIS CAN CAUSE CHRONIC NEPHRITIS • PROGRESSIVE, CAUSES SCARRING & SCLEROSING OF GLOMERULI • EARLY SYMPTOMS=HEMATURIA, ALBUMINURIA, HTN • WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION MORE GLOMERULI ARE DESTROYED CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS • LATER SYMPTOMS=EDEMA, FATIGUE, ANEMIA, HTN, ANOREXIA, WEIGHT LOSS, CHF, PYURIA, RENAL FAILURE, DEATH • TREATMENT=LOW NA DIET, ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDS, MAINTAIN FLUIDS & ELECTROLYTES, HEMODIALYSIS, KIDNEY TRANSPLANT WHEN BOTH KIDNEYS ARE SEVERELY DAMAGED PYELONEPHRITIS • INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEY & RENAL PELVIS • CAUSE=PYOGENIC (PUS-FORMING) BACTERIA • SYMPTOMS=CHILLS, FEVER, BACK PAIN, FATIGUE, DYSURIA, HEMATURIA, PYURIA • TREATMENT=ANTIBIOTICS, INCREASE FLUID INTAKE RENAL CALCULUS • AKA URINARY CALCULUS OR KIDNEY STONE • CAUSE=SALTS IN THE URINE PRECIPITATE (FORM A SOLID) • SMALL CALCULI PASS IN THE URINE • LARGER CALCULI GET STUCK IN THE RENAL PELVIS OR URETER RENAL CALCULUS • SYMPTOMS=SUDDEN, INTENSE PAIN (RENAL COLIC), HEMATURIA, NAUSEA & VOMITING, FREQUENT URGE TO VOID, URINARY RETENTION • TREATMENT=INCREASE FLUIDS, PAIN MEDS, STRAIN ALL URINE TO SEE IF STONES ARE BEING ELIMINATED RENAL CALCULUS • TREATMENT=EXTRA-CORPOREAL SHOCK-WAVE LITHOTRIPSY • LITHOTRIPSY=HIGH-ENERGY PRESSURE WAVES CRUSH THE STONES SO THEY CAN BE PASSED IN THE URINE • SURGERY CAN BE DONE TO REMOVE THE CALCULI DO YOU KNOW? • PYURIA, DYSURIA, AND FEVER ARE ALL SYMPTOMS OF: a) RENAL FAILURE b) CYSTITIS c) UREMIA d) NOCTURIA AND THE ANSWER IS…B DO YOU KNOW? • WHAT CAN BE USED TO REMOVE RENAL CALCULI? a) LITHOTRIPSY b) URINALYSIS c) DIALYSIS d) ANTIBIOTICS AND THE ANSWER IS…A DO YOU KNOW? • TREATMENT FOR PYELONEPHRITIS WOULD INCLUDE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? a) LOW SODIUM DIET, ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDS b) RESTRICT FLUID INTAKE, DIALYSIS c) PAIN MEDICATION, STRAIN ALL URINE d) ANTIBIOTICS, INCREASE FLUID INTAKE AND THE ANSWER IS…D DO YOU KNOW? • WHICH URINARY DISORDER OFTEN FOLLOWS A CASE OF STREP THROAT? a) GLOMERULONEPHRITIS b) CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE c) RENAL CALCULI d) ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AND THE ANSWER IS…D RENAL FAILURE • KIDNEYS STOP FUNCTIONING • CAN BE ACUTE (ARF) OR CHRONIC (CRF) ACUTE RENAL FAILURE • CAUSED BY HEMORRHAGE, SHOCK, INJURY, POISONING, NEPHRITIS, DEHYDRATION • SYMPTOMS=OLIGURIA OR ANURIA, HEADACHE, AMMONIA ODOR TO BREATH, EDEMA, CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA, UREMIA ACUTE RENAL FAILURE • TREATMENT=DIALYSIS, RESTRICT FLUID INTAKE, • GOOD PROGNOSIS IF CONDITION CAUSING ARF CAN BE CORRECTED CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE • RESULTS FROM PROGRESSIVE • CAUSED BY CHRONIC LOSS OF KIDNEY FUNCTION GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, HTN, • WASTE PRODUCTS TOXINS, DIABETES, LONG-TERM ACCUMULATE IN THE BLOOD & SUBSTANCE ABUSE, AFFECT MANY BODY SYSTEMS ALCOHOLISM CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE SYMPTOMS=NAUSEA, VOMITING, DIARRHEA, WEIGHT LOSS, DECREASED MENTAL ABILITY, CONVULSIONS, MUSCLE IRRITABILITY, AMMONIA ODOR TO BREATH, UREMIC FROST (WHITE CRYSTALS ON THE SKIN), COMA, DEATH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE TREATMENT=DIALYSIS, DIET & FLUID RESTRICTIONS, SKIN & MOUTH KIDNEY TRANSPLANT IS THE ONLY CARE CURE UREMIA • AKA AZOTEMIA • TOXIC CONDITION THAT OCCURS WHEN KIDNEYS FAIL & WASTE PRODUCTS ARE PRESENT IN THE BLOODSTREAM • CAUSES=ANY CONDITION THAT AFFECTS KIDNEY FUNCTION (RENAL FAILURE, CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, HYPOTENSION) UREMIA • SYMPTOMS=HEADACHE, DIZZINESS, NAUSEA, VOMITING, AMMONIA ODOR TO BREATH, OLIGURIA, ANURIA, MENTAL CONFUSION, CONVULSIONS, COMA, EVENTUALLY DEATH • TREATMENT=RESTRICTED DIET, CARDIAC MEDS TO INCREASE BP, DIALYSIS, KIDNEY TRANSPLANT URETHRITIS • INFLAMMATION OF THE URETHRA • CAUSES=BACTERIA (GONOCOCCUS), VIRUS, CHEMICALS (BUBBLE BATH) • MORE COMMON IN MALES THAN FEMALES URETHRITIS • SYMPTOMS=DYSURIA, REDNESS & ITCHING AT URINARY MEATUS, PURULENT DISCHARGE • TREATMENT=SITZ BATHS; WARM, MOIST COMPRESSES; ANTIBIOTICS; INCREASE FLUID INTAKE DO YOU KNOW? • DAVID HAS BEEN DIAGNOSED WITH URETHRITIS. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT THIS DISEASE OF THE URINARY SYSTEM? a) IT IS MORE COMMON IN FEMALES THAN MALES. b) IT IS TREATED WITH ANTIBIOTICS AND DIALYSIS. c) IT IS AN INFECTION OF THE TUBE LEADING FROM THE BLADDER TO THE URINARY MEATUS. d) IT USUALLY FOLLOWS A CASE OF RHEUMATIC FEVER. AND THE ANSWER IS…C DO YOU KNOW? • SYMPTOMS OF UREMIA COULD INCLUDE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? a) AMMONIA ODOR TO BREATH, MENTAL CONFUSION, COMA b) FREQUENT URINATION, HEMATURIA, FEVER c) HEMATURIA, ALBUMINURIA, HYPERTENSION d) DYSURIA, REDNESS & ITCHING AT URINARY MEATUS AND THE ANSWER IS…A DO YOU KNOW? • THE PRESENCE OF WHICH CONDITION WOULD INDICATE THE URGENT NEED FOR A KIDNEY TRANSPLANT? a) RETENTION b) KIDNEY STONES c) OLIGURIA d) CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE AND THE ANSWER IS…D.
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