DOCSLIB.ORG

Initial Title

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Initial Title LOWER DUWAMISH EPA Region 10 King SITE Seattle WASHINGTON 09 Congressional District EPA ID# WA0002329803 Other Names: Last Update: April, 2001 Site Description Sediments in the lower Duwamish River are contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, inorganics, and organotins. To address the long-term threat these contaminants pose to the human food chain and sensitive environments in the river, EPA proposed this site to the National Priorities or "Superfund" List on December 1, 2000. The Duwamish River originates at the confluence of the Green and Black Rivers near Tukwila, Washington, then flows northeast for approximately 21 kilometers, dividing at the southern end of Harbor Island to form the East and West Waterways prior to discharging into Elliot Bay at Seattle, Washington. The segment of the river down channel from Turning Basin #3 is maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as a federal navigation channel. Most of the shoreline along the Duwamish Waterway has been developed for industrial and commercial purposes. Much of the upland area is heavily industrialized. In addition, this reach of the river receives discharges from over 100 storm drains, combined sewer overflows (CSOs), and other outfalls. Historical or current commercial and industrial operations on the waterway include cargo handling and storage; marine construction; boat manufacturing; marina operations; paper and metals fabrication; food processing; and airplane parts manufacturing. Contaminants may have entered the river via spillage during product shipping and handling, direct disposal or discharge, contaminated groundwater discharge, surface water runoff, storm water discharge, or contaminated soil erosion. Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through an administrative order on consent with potentially responsible parties. NPL Listing History Dates Proposed Date: 12/01/2000 Final Date: 09/13/2001 Deleted Date: Threats and Contaminants Media Affected: sediments A number of investigations within the Duwamish Waterway have documented sediment contamination with PCBs, PAHs, phthalates, inorganics, and organotins. In 1997, the natural resource trustees for the Duwamish River initiated an investigation to evaluate the extent and severity of PCB and polychlorinated terphenyl (PCT) contamination in the sediments of the Duwamish Waterway. In total, the trustees collected 328 sediment samples within the waterway. The analytical results for this study were compared to Washington State sediment quality standards (SQS). The major findings of the sediment characterization indicate that almost 71 of the 350 acres sampled, or just under 20 percent of the waterway, were estimated to have PCB contaminant levels that exceed the SQS. Concentrations of PCBs at many sample points in the middle portion of the waterway (north of Slip 6 and south of Slip 2) were 10 to 100 times the SQS. The report also concluded that the quantity and concentrations of PCBs found in Duwamish Waterway sediments could potentially injure natural resources. In 1997, the King County Department of Natural Resources Wastewater Treatment Division and the Water and Land Resources Division performed a CSO Water Quality Assessment for the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay to better understand the risk to aquatic life, wildlife, and people who use the resources of the estuary. King County concluded that clear evidence of potential risks to aquatic life, wildlife, and people exists under the conditions in the estuary. Several City of Seattle or King County CSOs exist in the lower Duwamish River. Seven of these outfalls discharge 318 million gallons of raw untreated sewage annually to the lower Duwamish River. In October 1997, The Boeing Company performed a Phase I Surface Sampling Screening to generate information that could be used as a first step in evaluating potential chemical releases to the Duwamish Waterway that could be attributable exclusively to Boeing. A total of 88 three-part composite surface (0 to 10 centimeters) sediment samples were collected at stations adjacent to Boeing facilities. Sample results indicated the presence of PCBs, mercury, and semivolatile organic compound contamination to surface sediments throughout the river segment. In August and September 1998, consultants for EPA conducted site inspection sampling in the lower Duwamish Waterway. Sampling activities included the collection of 312 surface (0 to 10 centimeter) sediment samples and 35 subsurface (0 to 0.6 meter) sediment samples from the lower Duwamish Waterway. Surface sediment sample results documented PAH, phthalate, PCB, inorganic, and organotin contamination in the lower Duwamish Waterway. Further, subsurface sample results indicate that organic, inorganic, and organotin contamination exists up to a depth of 1.2 meters (4 feet) at some locations. The lower Duwamish River is fished for recreational, commercial, and subsistence purposes. Three salmon hatcheries within the Green-Duwamish River system release approximately 10 million juvenile salmon each year. The Duwamish River is part of the traditional fishing grounds for the Muckleshoot and Suquamish Indian tribes. For several species of Pacific salmon, the lower Duwamish River serves as a nursery, migratory route, and transition zone from freshwater to saltwater. Puget Sound Chinook salmon are federally listed as threatened and utilize the lower Duwamish River during a critical stage of their migration from a freshwater to a saltwater environment. The federal candidate species Coho salmon also occurs in this area, as does a nesting territory for the federally listed threatened bald eagle, and a wetland. The National Marine Fisheries Service has conducted numerous studies on the effects of contaminated sediments on biotic resources in the Duwamish River and elsewhere in Puget Sound. This research has shown that juvenile salmon from the Duwamish River exhibit reduced growth and immune system function relative to salmon from uncontaminated areas. Cleanup Progress On December 20, 2000, EPA and Ecology signed an agreement called an administrative order on consent with four parties to investigate the nature and extent of chemical contamination in Lower Duwamish Waterway sediments. The four parties are the City of Seattle, King County, the Port of Seattle, and The Boeing Company. Under the agreement, the parties will collect existing information, evaluate potential risks to human health and the environment due to the contamination, and recommend areas that warrant early cleanup action. They will then do any necessary additional sampling, and prepare a final remedial investigation report and an evaluation of options for long-term cleanup. The parties are compiling the data from past studies of the waterway and preparing the scoping phase human health and environmental risk assessments based on existing data. The scoping phase risk assessments should be completed in the fall of 2001. The parties will also identify candidate sites for early cleanup actions in the fall of 2001. The parties will prepare a Phase I Remedial Investigation Report and will identify areas where additional data is needed. These reports will be submitted to the agencies at the end of 2001. If EPA and Ecology agree that these proposed early action sites should be addressed separately, they will negotiate administrative orders for further study and cleanup of these sites prior to completion of the remedial investigation. EPA and Ecology have been interviewing community members in order to prepare a community involvement plan for the site. EPA has advertised the availability of a technical assistance grant to help community groups review and disseminate information about the site to community members, and has received one grant application, which is currently under review. EPA and Ecology are also developing a source control strategy to ensure that upland sources of contamination are adequately addressed prior to sediment cleanup. Regional Contacts SITE MANAGER(S): Allison Hiltner E-MAIL ADDRESS: [email protected] PHONE NUMBER: 206-553-2140 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Cindy Schuster COORDINATOR: E-MAIL ADDRESS [email protected] PHONE NUMBER: 206-553-1815 Information pertaining to this site is housed at the following location(s): South Park Community Center 8319 Eighth Avenue South Seattle, WA 98101 EPA Region 10 Records Center 1200 Sixth Ave. Seattle, WA 98101.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Seismic Stability of the Duwamish River Delta, Seattle, Washington
    Seismic Stability of the Duwamish River Delta, Seattle, Washington Professional Paper 1661-E U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Other than this note, this page left intentionally blank. Earthquake Hazards of the Pacific Northwest Coastal and Marine Regions Robert Kayen, Editor Seismic Stability of the Duwamish River Delta, Seattle, Washington By Robert E. Kayen and Walter A. Barnhardt The delta front of the Duwamish River valley near Elliott Bay and Harbor Island is founded on young Holocene deposits shaped by sea-level rise, episodic volcanism, and seismicity. These river-mouth deposits are highly susceptible to seismic soil liquefac- tion and are potentially prone to submarine landsliding and disintegrative flow failure. Professional Paper 1661-E U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey ii U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2007 This report and any updates to it are available at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1661e/ For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS — the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Manuscript approved for publication, May 29, 2007 Text edited by Peter Stauffer Layout by David R. Jones Suggested citation: Kayen, R.E., and Barnhardt, W.A., 2007, Seismic stability of the Duwamish River delta, Seattle, Washington: U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of the Duwamish River Estuary Jking County, Washington 1963-67
    Physical, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of the Duwamish River Estuary JKing County, Washington 1963-67 (GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1873-c {Prepared in cooperation with the \Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle Physical, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of the Duwamish River Estuary King County, Washington 1963-67 By J. F. SANTOS and J. D. STONER ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1873-C Prepared in cooperation with the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1972 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. A. Radlinski, Acting Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 78-182395 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 40 cents (paper cover) Stock Number 2401-1207 CONTENTS Page Abstract _____________________________________ Cl Introduction __________ ___ ___ _ _________ C2 Purpose and scope of the investigation _________________ C5 Methods and equipment _ _ ____ _ _ C6 Sampling and field measurements _________________ C6 Special equipment ___ _ _ C7 Analysis _______ __ _ ___ _____ _ ___ C7 Acknowledgments ____________________________ C7 Previous investigations _________________________ C8 Hydrography ______________________________ _ C9 The Duwamish River basin C9 Precipitation __________ _ _____ _ C13 Tides ____________________________________ C14 Volume of the estuary _________________________ C15 Estuary mechanics _______________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Duwamish Superfund HIA Tribal Report Final June 2013 Clean
    Health Impact Assessment Proposed Cleanup Plan for the Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site Technical Report September, 2013 (Final version) Assessment and Recommendations Effects of the proposed cleanup plan on Tribes Duwamish Superfund HIA – Technical Report: Tribes (Final version; September 2013) Technical report This technical report supports our HIA Final Report, published in September, 2013. This technical report is identical to the version that accompanied our Public Comment HIA Report, which was submitted to EPA on June 13, 2013. Acknowledgment and disclaimer We are indebted to the many agencies, organizations, and individuals who have contributed their time, information, and expertise to this project. This project and report were supported by a grant from the Health Impact Project, a collaboration oF the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and The Pew Charitable Trusts; and also by the Rohm & Haas Professorship in Public Health Sciences, sponsored by the Rohm & Haas Company of Philadelphia. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Health Impact Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, or the Rohm & Haas Company. Health Impact Assessment authors William Daniell University of Washington Linn Gould * Just Health Action BJ Cummings Duwamish River Cleanup Coalition/Technical Advisory Group Jonathan Childers University of Washington Amber Lenhart University of Washington * Primary author(s) for this technical report. Suggested citation Gould L, Cummings BJ, Daniell W, Lenhart A, Childers J. Health Impact Assessment: Proposed Cleanup Plan for the Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site; Technical Report: Effects of the proposed cleanup plan on Tribes. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Just Health Action, and Duwamish River Cleanup Coalition/Technical Advisory Group.
    [Show full text]
  • Duwamish River
    Duwamish Study Area Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring Study Science and Technical Review Team January 22, 2014 Kate Macneale Water Quality Assessment Study Areas • Lake Union / Ship Canal / Montlake Cut • Elliott Bay • Duwamish River History of altered flow • Pre 1900: Duwamish River fed by Black/Cedar Rivers and Green/White Rivers • 1906: White River diverted to Puyallup River • 1911: Cedar River diverted from Black River to Lake Washington • 1913: Tacoma begins diverting water from Green River • 1916: Ship canal opened, lake level dropped, Black River no longer outlet of Lake Washington • 1962: Howard Hanson Dam (RM 65) completed for flood control • Current flow ~30% of historic flow Cedar River Green River Black River History of channel alterations Pre 1880s: • flooding frequent • complex freshwater marsh habitat • extensive estuary and tide flats 1900 – 1940s: • estuary tidelands filled, drained and dredged for industrial and port activities 1885-1980: • Green/Duwamish channelized and diked for navigation and flood control Result: Duwamish now shorter, steeper, simpler East West Waterway Waterway Duwamish River defined Lower Duwamish Waterway Duwamish River RM 11.0 Green River History of altered water quality • Water quality likely altered by human activities since early 1900s pesticides phthalates dioxins &furans dioxins nutrients metals PCBs TSS temperature pharmaceuticals PAHs bacteria dissolved oxygen activities pH Logging x x x x Dredging/channelization/regrading x x x x Discharge of sewage & stormwater x x x x x x x x
    [Show full text]
  • Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site (PDF)
    Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site, Fact Sheet DOH 334-139 October 2008 Background The Lower Duwamish Waterway is currently undergoing cleanup under U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Superfund program. The site includes a 5.5 mile portion of the Lower Duwamish River which flows into Elliott Bay near Seattle, Washington and was added to EPA’s National Priorities List of Superfund sites on September 13, 2001. Contaminants have been released into the river over the past 100 years, and residential areas such as South Park and Georgetown have a history of heavy industrial use. Contaminants in the waterway Duwamish River seafood consumption advisory sign at Terminal 105 sediments include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mercury and other metals, and phthalates. How to Reduce Exposure to Contaminants in Sediments and Seafood Contaminants of Concern Although health risks from recreational activities on The primary contaminants of concern in the Lower the Lower Duwamish Waterway beaches are relatively Duwamish Waterway seafood are polychlorinated low, common sense approaches can reduce exposure to biphenyls (PCBs). PCBs were banned in 1977 due to contaminants. People may swallow small amounts of their impacts on health and persistence in the soil and dust (and any contaminants they contain) environment. Children exposed to PCBs may develop without realizing it. Young children often put hands, learning and behavior problems later in life. PCBs can toys, pacifiers, and other things in their mouths also impact the immune system. swallowing dirt or dust. The main pathway for exposure to contaminants in Keep Clean the Lower Duwamish Waterway is through seafood • If you go to the beach, wash your hands and consumption.
    [Show full text]
  • Cascades Volcano Observatory
    U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY—REDUCING THE RISK FROM VOLCANO HAZARDS Mount Rainier—Living Safely With a Volcano in Your Backyard ajestic Mount Rainier M soars almost 3 miles (14,410 feet) above sea level and looms over the expanding suburbs of Seattle and Tacoma, Washington. Each year almost two million visitors come to Mount Rainier National Park to admire the volcano and its glaciers, alpine meadows, and forested ridges. However, the volcano’s beauty is deceptive— U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research shows that Mount Rainier is one of our Nation’s most dangerous volcanoes. It has been the source of countless eruptions and volcanic mudflows (lahars) that have surged down valleys on its flanks and buried broad areas now densely populated. To help people live more safely with the volcano, USGS scientists are working closely with local communities, emergency managers, and the National Park Service. Mount Rainier, an active volcano currently at rest between eruptions, is the highest peak in the Cascade Range. Its edifice, capped by snow and 25 glaciers, has been built up by untold eruptions over the past 500,000 years. It last erupted in 1894–95, when small summit explosions were reported by observers in Seattle and Tacoma. Mount Rainier’s next eruption The flat floor of the Puyallup River valley near Orting, Washington, is formed by deposits of the 500-year-old might be of similar or larger size and Electron lahar, which surged down from Mount Rainier (in background). Lahars, or volcanic mudflows, are rapidly flowing slurries of mud and boulders that destroy or bury most manmade structures in their paths.
    [Show full text]
  • A Different Kind of Gentrification: Seattle and Its Relationship with Industrial Land
    A Different Kind of Gentrification: Seattle and its Relationship with Industrial Land David Tomporowski A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Urban Planning University of Washington 2019 Committee: Edward McCormack Christine Bae Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Department of Urban Design and Planning College of Built Environments ©Copyright 2019 David Tomporowski University of Washington Abstract A Different Kind of Gentrification: Seattle and its Relationship with Industrial Land David Tomporowski Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Edward McCormack Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering / Department of Urban Design and Planning Industry in Seattle often talks about how they are facing their own kind of gentrification. Rising property values, encroaching pressure for different land uses, and choking transportation all loom as reasons for industrial businesses to relocate out of the city. This research explores this phenomenon of industrial gentrification through a case study of Seattle’s most prominent industrial area: the SODO (“South Of Downtown”) neighborhood. My primary research question asks what the perception and reality of the state of industrial land designation and industrial land use gentrification in Seattle is. Secondary research questions involve asking how industrial land designation and industrial land use can be defined in Seattle, what percentage of land is zoned industrial in the SODO neighborhood, and what percentage of the land use is considered industrial in the SODO neighborhood. Finally, subsequent effects on freight transportation and goods movement will be considered. By surveying actual industrial land use compared to i industrially-zoned land, one can conclude whether industry’s complaints are accurate and whether attempts to protect industrial land uses are working.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Is Who in the Lower Duwamish Waterway
    Who Is Who in the Lower Duwamish Waterway Federal Government Agency for Toxic Substances This federal health agency funded WA Department of Health to complete a public health assessment of the chemical contamination in LDW and su pports communit y and Disease Registry engagement to prevent harmful effects related to exposure of chemical contamination. In addition to managing t he Howard Hanson dam and maintaining the navigation channel within the Duwamish Waterway, the US Army Corps of Engineers serves as t he primary point of contact for the interagency Dredged Material Management Program. The agency regulates activities in waters of t he United States, including wetlands, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers through its permitting authority under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Where such actions are within Superfund sites, EPA and the Corps of Engineers coordinate on review of the proposed action. The Corps of Engineers is also providing EPA technical support in overseeing LDW Superfund work. US Coast Guard If oil spills occur in the LDW, the US Coast Guard responds, in coordination with EPA, Ecology, and others. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the lead agency for cleanup of the sediments in the Lower Duwamish Waterway (LDW), Ha rbor Island East and West U.S. Environmental Waterway, Lockheed West Seattle, and Pacific Sound Resources, under CERCLA (commonly cal led Superfund). EPA is also using CERCLA and ot her environmental authorities Protection Agency to require studies and cleanup of several sites next to the LDW. EPA helps respond to spills on land. Tribes The Duwamish Tribe has been in the Seattle/Greater King Cou nty area since time immemorial.
    [Show full text]
  • Duwamish River and Elliott Bay
    KING COUNTY Combined Sewer Overflow Water Quality Assessment for the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay SUMMARY 1 The river was alive with salmon. They rolled and The Duwamish Estuary: Yesterday and Today products we use in our households and busi- splashed everywhere. I Why don’t we see a variety of fish and wildlife in nesses, and the crops we could hear them in the the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay in Seattle today? grow eventually find their The answer is complicated. Much is uncertain. But fog, and some I could way into our water bodies one thing we know for sure. Our activities have see, huge shadows that through sewers, leaky dramatically changed the water bodies in the area. septic tanks, and stormwater climbed the air and Over the past 100 years, we’ve changed the shape, runoff. slipped back into the the location, and the physical features of Elliott Bay The Duwamish River and water so close to the and the Duwamish River by filling in wetlands, Elliott Bay are considered an dredging the bottom of the water bodies for easier boat I could have estuary – a place where fresh- navigation, building houses and businesses along touched them. water and marine waters mingle. shorelines, and diverting or eliminating streams and Estuaries support an abundance Richard Hugo, rivers that flow into these waterbodies. And we’ve The Real West of life. Young salmon stay in the changed the quality of the water that remains in Marginal Way, 1986 Elliott Bay-Duwamish River these water bodies. Past industrial practices, which estuary for a while in order to eat are no longer in use, have left a legacy of pollution in and build up strength before moving into open the sediments.
    [Show full text]
  • Green-Duwamish River Revegetation Outreach and Engagement Plan
    Green-Duwamish River Revegetation Outreach and Engagement Plan Prepared by CREDITS Written by Jalene Littlejohn & Katelyn Hale Graphic Design by Olivia Guethling Photos by Olivia Guethling Illustrations by Katelyn Hale www.samarapdx.com Published June 5th, 2019 This plan was developed by Samara Group as a set of recommendations for Green the Green Network partners who include at the time of publication: American Rivers, City of Auburn, City of Kent, City of Seattle, City of Tukwila, Dirt Corps, Duwamish Alive Coalition, EarthCorps, Emerald Alliance, Forterra, Green River Coalition, King Conservation District, King County, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, Nicoterra Trails, Urban Waters Federal Partnership, Washington Department of Ecology, and WRIA 9. Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, and State and Private Forestry Pacific Northwest Region. In accordance with Federal law and U.S. Department of Agriculture policy, this institution is prohibited from discriminating on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability. Fiscal sponsorship provided by Willamette Partnership. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 4 Background 4 Green the Green Network 4 Vision 5 Plan Process 6 Plan Purpose 8 Commonly Used Terms 10 Theory of Change 12 Engagement Strategy 14 Building Awareness 15 Building Stewardship 15 Building Advocacy 15 Key Messages 16 Shared Branding Strategy 18 Green-Duwamish Revegetation 18 Logo 18 New Revegetation-Centric Materials 19 Other New Materials 19 Existing
    [Show full text]
  • Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site
    Lower Duwamish Waterway - Background 5-mile river segment listed due to historically contaminated sediments Legacy contamination - industrial discharges, stormwater, CSOs. The Lower Duwamish Waterway Group LDWG (King County, City of Seattle, Port of Seattle, and Boeing) – formed in 2000 $40M in studies complete; $100M in Early Action cleanups More than 100 “potentially responsible parties” identified by EPA to date | 1 Duwamish Schedule - Key Dates 2000 - 2012: EPA analyzed 12 cleanup options in the Feasibility Study •EPA Proposed Plan •Environmental Justice Analysis •Ecology Source Control Record of Decision Strategy (Q4 2014) Remedial Design 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Proposed Plan Negotiate Agreements Public Comment among PRP’s and sign (Feb + 105 days) Consent Decree Begin Construction – 2019? Early Actions Source Control | 2 Early Actions predicted to get waterway to this level All alternatives in Feasibility Study predicted to get waterway to this level EPA’s Proposed Cleanup Level 3 | 3 EPA Proposed Cleanup EPA is proposing Alternative “5C-Plus”: •7 years of construction •$305M - $350M •Combination of technologies •Institutional Controls to discourage fish consumption •Extensive Monitoring •Source Control program led by Ecology •After 20-30 years: •Study whether additional cleanup is needed •Waive cleanup standards based on natural background | 4 Comparing Cleanup Areas, Costs, Construction Times, and Risk Reduction REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES LDWG COMBINED KEY ALTERNATIVE EPA’S PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE ITEM ELEMENTS 5C (FINAL FS) PLAN REMEDY 5R (FINAL FS) Dredging and Capping Area (in acres) 72 104 101 157 ENR Area (in acres) 65 53 48 0 Total Dredge Volume (cy) 630,000 750,000 790,000 1,600,000 Total Cost ($millions NPV) $260 $290 $305* $470 Total Cost ($millions non-discounted) $300 $330 $348 $510 Construction Time Frame (years) 5 7 7 17 Excess Cancer Risk for PCBs - Adult 2 x 10-4 2 x 10-4 2 x 10-4 2 x 10-4 Tribal RME Non-cancer Risk for PCBs - Adult Tribal 5 5 5 5 RME (Hazard Quotient) Notes: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Record of Decision
    Record of Decision Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 November 2014 Record of Decision — Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site This blank page is for double sided printing. Record of Decision — Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site Part 1 Declaration Site Name and Location Site Name: Lower Duwamish Waterway Location: Seattle and Tukwila, King County, Washington U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identification number: WA00002329803 Statement of Basis and Purpose This decision document presents the Selected Remedy for the In-waterway Portion of the Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site, in King County, Washington. The Selected Remedy was chosen in accordance with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), and to the extent practicable, the National Contingency Plan (NCP). This decision is based on the Administrative Record file for this site. The State of Washington, through the Washington Department of Ecology, concurs with the Selected Remedy. Assessment of the Site The response action selected in this Record of Decision (ROD) is necessary to protect the public health or welfare or the environment from actual or threatened releases of hazardous substances into the environment. Such a release or threat of release may present an imminent and substantial endangerment to public health, welfare, or the environment. Description of the Selected Remedy The Selected Remedy is a final action for the In-waterway Portion of the Lower Duwamish Waterway (LDW) Site. It addresses unacceptable human health risks associated with consumption of resident fish and shellfish, and with direct contact (skin contact and incidental ingestion) from net fishing, clamming, and beach play.
    [Show full text]