Loyalist Trail

May 1783

Seven ships lie anchored in the Bay of Fundy, off the mouth of the Saint John River. The passengers aboard are a curious collection of refugees – they are farmers and doctors, carpenters and lawyers, craftsmen and soldiers – people of every age, from all walks of life. As they gaze grimly upon the rocky peninsula and the Fundy mud flats sprawling before them, they share a common longing for the homes they left behind.

From the beginnings of the American Revolution in 1774, to shortly after its conclusion in 1783, some 40,000 British subjects fled north to escape persecution. The 3,000 “Loyalists” – as they were called – who arrived in Saint John that May were followed by 11,000 more before the year ended. The Loyalists established two settlements at the mouth of the Saint John River – Parr Town, named after the Governor of Nova Scotia; and Carleton, after their Commander-in-Chief in New York. Many moved and settled upriver. In 1785, the two settlements were incorporated by Charter into the City of Saint John. In time, the Loyalists would come to regard their infant city with an affection similar to that which they had felt for their American homes. This deep sentiment, combined with patience, toil and a strong will to survive, enabled them to build a brand new life upon this once seemingly inhospitable shore. The LOYALIST TRAIL walking tour retraces the footsteps of our founders – exploring the spots where they landed on May 18, 1783. You’ll visit the Old Burial Ground; the County Court; Loyalist House – now a museum of period furnishings; historic Trinity Church; Saint John’s delightful City Market; and so much more. Explore the very heart of old Saint John and step back through two fascinating centuries of our city’s history.

1 Loyalist Trail Length: Approximately 1.5 hours Loyalist Trail 1. County Court, King’s Square The courthouse was built in 1825 to plans by Saint John architect John Cunningham, who designed many prominent Saint John buildings of the period. Fluted pilasters and a pediment on the upper floors evoke imagery of a Greek Temple, considered an appropriate characteristic for public buildings of the time. Of special interest is the stone staircase, which spirals up three storeys without a central support. The Court was still in use until late 2012. The Saint John Law Courts opened in early 2013, located at Peel Plaza. KING STREET EAST Known originally as “Great Georges Street” after King George III, King Street East was considered a suburb until the early 1800s. The Great Fire of 1877 destroyed all the buildings on the south side of King Street East, except for the Court complex. 2. Old Burial Ground, Sydney Street This area was set aside as a public ground in the original Town plan drawn up by Paul Bedell in 1783. The oldest surviving stone dates to 1784 (Conradt Hendricks) and is located on the southern side of the graveyard near the southwest corner. In April 1848, the graveyard was closed to further burials by an Act of the Provincial Legislature. 3. King’s Square This is one of four squares included in the original town plan. The site was cleared in 1844 and laid in an ‘X’ pattern. The unique two-storey bandstand was donated by the City Cornet Band as a “Memorial to Edward VII, King Emperor 1901-1910.” Of particular interest is the Young monument, erected by public subscription to commemorate the valiant efforts of Frederick Young to save a drowning boy. 4. City Market, 47 Charlotte Street The City Market has been in continuous use since 1876 and is believed to be the oldest common-law market in Canada. Designed by local architects, McKean & Fairweather, the interior roof supports are suggestive of a ship’s hull. The Market is open six days a week, year-round.

2 5. “Figurehead”, City Market (Germain St. Entrance) On the outside wall of the City Market is a sculpture work entitled “Figurehead.” Commissioned by Uptown Saint John Inc., this piece was installed in July 1995. Local artist Carol Taylor had taken her Loyalist Trail cues from the interior roof supports. The figurehead is a stylized interpretation of those which guided wooden sailing ships. It is comprised of individually sculptured clay tiles affixed to a fibreglass background. Each tile has been fired and glazed to form the whole figure and withstand the test of time. 6. Nutting House, 2 Germain Street This Georgian style structure, three storeys high, is the oldest surviving brick building in Saint John. It was built in 1819 for Joseph Nutting, Collector of Customs. 7. Loyalist House, 120 Union Street The house was built in the Georgian style by Loyalist David Merritt between 1810 and 1817. It was acquired by the New Brunswick Historical Society in 1959 and restored as a museum with period furnishings. It has been recognized by the American Association for State and Local History for excellence in restoration. Loyalist House is open daily in the summer. Admission charged. UNION STREET This is the dividing line between regularly and irregularly laid-out streets. Note the change of street names north of Union Street. 8. St. John’s Stone Church, 87 Carleton Street This church, completed in 1825, was the first stone church built in the city. Although named St. John’s Church, a national historic site (1987), its contrast to the many frame churches of the day resulted in its being dubbed Stone Church. Stone Church welcomes visitors during the week. An informative pamphlet is available in the church. During the summer months, guided tours are available. 9. Saint John Arts Centre, 20 Hazen Avenue The building opened in 1904 as one of 2,509 public library buildings Andrew Carnegie gave to communities of North America. It is an outstanding example of the period architecture with a stained glass ceiling in the almost 3-storey-high rotunda. The building was refurbished as part of the Saint John Bicentennial celebrations (1983-85) through the generosity of the Beaverbrook Canadian Foundation and the Royal Bank of Canada. The Saint John Arts Centre serves as a centre for the Arts & Sciences in Saint John.

3 10. Chipman Hill Suites, 1 – 5 Chipman Hill These buildings were built between 1854 and 1857 by Loyalist Trail brothers-in- law Hastings and Armstrong. The plain, classical lines are typical of many fine homes of the period, when any extravagance was confined to the interiors. The entrance of Number 1 is still decorated with exquisite wall and ceiling paintings. The front door of Number 1 is believed to be carved by John Rogerson, Saint John’s best know wood craftsman of the period. 11. City Hall, 15 Market Square While in the lobby of City Hall, note the record of past Mayors and the City’s Corporate Seal carved by John Graham in 1830. At the second meeting of the newly incorporated City of Saint John on May 23, 1785, Mayor Gabriel Ludlow was directed to have an official seal designed. The design was presented to Council and approved at the May 26, 1785 meeting. This corporate seal is also used as the city’s crest. 12. Site Of Barlow’s Corner, Foot of Chipman Hill This corner was originally granted to James Putnam, who studied law with John Adams in Boston and was appointed Assistant Supreme Court Judge in 1784. Putnam erected a splendid three- storey building with a store on the lower floor. Putnam died and the lot was sold to Ezekiel Barlow, who had to comply with some unusual terms of sale. The price was $2,000 in Mexican silver dollars, to be counted in coin before lawyer Ward Chipman. To the great merriment of the public, Barlow procured a wheelbarrow and pushed his considerable load up Chipman Hill to the lawyer’s office. 13. Market Square & New Brunswick Museum The area derived its name from its early function as a market place for the City. By the 1860s, Market Square, along with King and Prince William Streets, was the centre of the City’s dry goods trade. From their construction immediately following the Great Fire of 1877, to well into this century, the numerous warehouses, which lined both sides of Market Slip, held cargo from around the world. Today seven of these warehouse facades have survived and are incorporated into the Market Square Complex. In 1996, the New Brunswick Museum opened its 3-storey exhibition space. 14. Market Slip at Market Square Adjacent to Market Square is Market Slip, celebrated as the site of the first Loyalist landing on May 18, 1783. At one time there was a slip of water that extended approximately to the bronze moose located on the Market Square Boardwalk. Along each side were several warehouses. Ships arrived at the Slip and were able to unload their goods on either side.

4 15. Barbour’s General Store, St. Andrew’s Bicentennial Green Once located at a rural crossroads 80 miles north of the city, the store was restored in 1967 by the G.E. Barbour Company Limited to commemorate the Centennial of Canadian Confederation and the Loyalist Trail company’s 100th anniversary in business. It now stands near the site where the company first went into business. The store opens annually between June and October and visitors can see a number of 19th and 20th century artefacts and goods. 16. Vassie’s Corner, 20 King Street In 1787, Benedict Arnold took up residence in a large frame house on this corner. His arrogant manner and sharp business dealings made him heartily disliked by his fellow citizens, who at one point burned him in effigy. The present structure was constructed in 1878 for James Vassie and Co., wholesale dry goods and woolen merchants. Note the painted crosses on and below windows on the upper floors of the building and its neighbour. City building codes of the past required this as an indication of where occupants would gather to be evacuated in case of fire. 17. Commercial Block, 22 – 40 King Street On this block, there were four similar structures, four storeys high, built in 1878 and known collectively as the “Commercial Block.” The building at the western end of the block was destroyed by fire in 1906. Shortly thereafter additional storeys were added to the remaining three buildings. 18. Trinity Church, 115 Charlotte Street (main entrance faces Germain Street) Built in 1880 to plans by architect W.T. Thomas of Montreal, the present Trinity Church replaced Old Trinity, a wooden structure, which was built in 1791 and destroyed in the Great Fire of 1877. On prominent display inside the church is the Royal Coat of Arms of the House of Hanover (constructed in 1744), dating to the reign of George I, who became King of England in 1714. The Coat of Arms arrived in Saint John after being rescued from the old Boston Council Chamber by Colonel Edward Winslow after the American Revolution. It was once again rescued from old Trinity Church during the Great Fire of 1877. Trinity Church welcomes visitors during the week. 19. Imperial Theatre, King Square South In 1911, Albert E. Westover, a leading architect from Philadelphia was retained to design a performing centre for Saint John. It opened in 1913 as the Imperial Theatre, a 1500-seat structure. Over the years, it has featured such greats as John Philip Sousa, Ethel Barrymore and Gracie Fields. The theatre was renamed the Capitol in 1929 and began showing movies in addition to the live performances it already offered. In 1957, it was sold to the Full Gospel Assembly. A public campaign in 1982 raised $1 million to purchase the building. The renovated theatre opened May 1994. Tours are available for a fee; between September and April please call ahead. 20. Firefighters’ Museum, 24 Sydney Street Engine House 2, built in 1840 - 1841 in the Georgian style, served for many years as a fire station and later as a tourist bureau. Open July and August. 5 6 Victorian Stroll Length: Approximately 1.5hours Victorian Stroll century residential streets ofcentralSaintJohn. Take intheeleganthomesnestledalongtree-lined, 19th outstanding workmanship. were built–fineexamplesof periodarchitecture, combinedwith remain standing,andmostare muchastheywere whenthey The resulting homeswere grandindeed.Today mostofthem engaged notedSaintJohnbuildersandcraftsmen. – mahoganyfrom Hondurasand marblefrom Italy–andthey New York, Toronto and Montreal. Theyimportedfinematerials They commissionedarchitects from SaintJohn,Boston,Halifax, their newhomeswouldequal,ifnotsurpassthosetheyreplaced. owners, commissionagentsandmerchants –were determinedthat Saint Johnhadbeenreduced toashes. Theirowners–wealthyship Many ofthefinehomesthatlinedmain residential streets of principal streets seemslikeinspectingabeehive.” them ofathoroughly substantialcharacter. To walkthrough the wrote aftertheFire: “Everywhere buildingsare goingup,mostof But theCitywasquicktospringbackonitsfeet.Onelocalobserver destroying 1612buildingsandleaving13,000homeless. The GreatFireof1877dealtadevastatingblowtoSaintJohn, JohnSaint Old High in Style in early2013,locatedatPeelPlaza. was stillinuseuntillate2012.The SaintJohnLawCourtsopened once. Thestairsdidnotcollapseand thebillwaspaid.TheCourt gathered 49menoff the street andstoodthemonthe stairsallat work related tothestaircase becauseitwasunsafe.Cunningham reputed ofthe daywouldnotpayforthe thatthegovernment which spiralsupthree storeys withoutacentralsupport.Itis buildings oftheperiod.Ofspecialinterest isthestonestaircase, John Cunningham,whodesignedmanyprominent SaintJohn The courthousewasbuiltin1825toplansbySaintJohnarchitect 2.  King Emperor 1901-1910.” as a“MemorialtoEdward VII, Band donated bytheCityCornet unique two-storey bandstandwas The laid outinan‘X’pattern. The sitewascleared in1844and drawn upbyPaulBedellin1783. included intheoriginaltownplan, This isoneoffoursquares 1. King’s Square County Court,King’s Square further burialsbyanActoftheProvincial Legislature. the southwestcorner. InApril1848,thegraveyard wasclosedto 4.  sometime after1924. pieces offurniture.” Itwas convertedtoatwo-familystructure this housewas,in itsday, reputed to containsomevery“classy appearance, between 1877and1924.Whilemodest inexternal photographer whocaptured theveryessenceofSaintJohn This homewasconstructedin1898 forIsaacErb,apre-eminent 8. ErbHouse,208–210King StreetEast his ownhome. in theSecondEmpire stylein1860bycontractorEdward Brassas a homeofotherwiseclean,classiclines.Thehousewasconstructed good exampleofdecorativedetailingcreating agrandentranceto The elaboratemasonryworkatthefront entranceofthishomeisa 7.  fire hydrants. supply shipfixtures. Thefirm grew tointernationalrenownforits in thecity, thefirmexpandedandestablishedabrassfoundryto company. In1863,attheheightofwoodshipbuildingindustry was establishedin1834asahardware andgeneralmerchandise and hardware merchants. Thefirm McAvity andSons,brassfounders and hissonThomasJr., ofThomas The homeswere builtforThomas built asamatchedpairin1878. one wouldhardly believethey were Looking atthesetwohousestoday, 6.  Much oftheinteriorthishomeisstillintact. building whichisnowtheSaintJohnJewishHistoricalMuseum. His father, C.H. Peters,builtalargestonehomerightbehindthis the PetersTannery whichwaslocatedafewblocksnortheast. Petersbuiltthishomein1877-78.Heandhisfamilyowned William 5. PetersHouse,190KingStreetEast carved abovethedoorwaysforposterity. hadthefirstlettersoftheir Dearborns, respective familynames first occupants,the Taylors and Clark andJohnBriggs.The was designedbyarchitects Henry and BuildingNews”.Thehouse issue ofthe“AmericanArchitect built, itsplanswere featured inan In 1878,theyearthishousewas 166 – 168 KingStreetEast 192 – 196 King Street East Carson Flood House, Carson FloodHouse, McAvity House, McAvity House, Brass House,167KingStreetEast

the southern sideofthegraveyard the southern near (Conradt Hendricks)andislocatedon oldest survivingstonedatesto1784 drawn upbyPaulBedellin1783.The ground intheoriginalTown plan This area wassetasideasapublic Street East 3. OldBurialGround,King

7 Victorian Stroll 8 Victorian Stroll apparently servedatFortHowe in1784. added inrecent yearsandsome ofthefinerdetailswere removed. Company. sidingwas Whileithas notlostitsbasiccharm,modern for HughWright, themanager ofNorthAmericanLifeInsurance This homewasconstructedin1902theQueenAnneRevival 12.  Lord Edward Fitzgerald,2 Bay iseasilyvisibletotheleft.Thisstreet wasnamedinhonourof When onereachesofPittandLeinsterStreets, thecorner Courtney LEINSTER STREET equal skilltobothshipsandbuildings. wood carverswhoappliedtheirtalentswith craftsmanship whichwasavailablefrom wood carvingistypicalofthehighquality predates theGreat Fire of1877.Theornate This richlydetailed,gailydecoratedhouse 11. 60PittStreet head stones,monumentsandmarblemantelpieces.” whose businessonKingSquare Southfeatured “alldescriptionsof constructed inthe1840’s forSamuelP. Osgood,astonecutter of the19thcenturyhomesinSaintJohn.Thisstructure was are knownasScottishdormersandare verycommononmany The five-sided,baywindowdormersonthe roofline ofthishouse 10. OsgoodHouse,191KingStreetEast below thecornices. manufactures. Notethefacescarvedabovefront door and firm, C.H.PetersandSons,commissionmerchants andleather building thishomein1885.Peterswasanemployeeofhisfather’s PeterslivedintwootherhomesonKingStreet EastbeforeWilliam 9. PetersHouse,218KingStreetEast Street. continued until2017 asHayward &Warwick Limitedat85Princess and hewasquick torebuild hisstore, W. H.Hayward. The company business premises. In1878Hayward hadthis homeconstructed, The Great Fire H.Hayward’s of1877destroyed William homeand 15. HaywardHouse,103Leinster Street Assurance Company. Revival, builtin1904forWalter Frink,themanagerofWestern A ratherdelightfulstructure, thishouseisalsooftheQueenAnne 13. FrinkHouse,112LeinsterStreet become president ofT. McAvity &Sonsbetween1910and1933. George McAvity, oneofThomasMcAvity’s sixsons,whowentonto Wright House,114LeinsterStreet nd DukeofLeinster, anIrish aristocratwho The home was later occupied by The homewaslateroccupiedby present day(Barbour’s GeneralStore). which hascontinuedtothrivethe Barbour Brothers, amerchant firm V.in 1879forWilliam Barbourof plain residence home.Itwasbuilt businessmen havecalledthisrather Two prominent SaintJohn Leinster Street 14. BarbourHouse,105

three yearperiodbeginningin1897.Whenfinished,itwas reputed 218 KingStreet East,hadthisimpressive stonedwellingbuilt overa Peters,aformerresident of Charles H.Peters,thefatherofWilliam 16.  commercial portactivity. by thelarge potashshed, a vitalpartofSaint John’s current keep awatchfuleye ontheirvessels.Today, thisviewisobscured the past,thisvantage pointprovided themwith anopportunityto the harbourwhy ship ownersbuilthomesalongOrange Street. In can seebythecommandingviewof Wentworth Street from Orange,one on June18,1815.Lookingdown was killedattheBattleofWaterloo troops duringtheNapoleonicWar. He Commander oftheHanoverian Duke ofOrange,whowasa Orange Street isnamedforFrederick, ORANGE STREET cottage” foritsbeautyandconvenience. Market. Thenewspaperofthedaypraisedthis“handsomeFrench Chipman Smith,adruggistwhoseshopwaslocatedintheCity C.B. Croft andF.T. Camp.Itwasconstructedin1878forA. This solidSecondEmpire stylewasdesignedbyNewYork architects, 19. SmithHouse,99Wentworth Street the name“Doherty”onfrosted glassfront doors. death in1906.HenryA.Dohertyboughtthehome1908,thus 1878. Jacobdiedin1881andhiswidowlivedthehouseuntilher destroyed intheGreat Fire of1877.Thishousewascompletedin was recognized around theworld.Thefirsthomeonthissitewas from a60-tonwoodenschooner toashippingfleetwhoseflag Valentine Troop wasmostrenowned. Heparlayedhisfortunes In acitynotedforitsmanyshipownersandmerchants, Jacob 18. Troop House,96Wentworth Street ofNewHampshireGovernor before the AmericanRevolution. ofNovaScotiaafterhavingservedasthelastRoyal Governor This street isnamedforSirJohn Wentworth. Hewasthesecond WENTWORTH STREET banquet hall. Church. In2018theformerChurch wasconvertedintoawedding other BaptistChurches Baptist tobecome theCornerstone for 700peopleandcost$30,000tobuild.Itamalgamatedwith design byBostonarchitect JohnStevensandSon.Ithadseating The formerLeinsterStreet Baptist Church wasbuiltin1878ona 17.  91 LeinsterStreet Saint JohnJewishHistoricalMuseum, Street Leinster StreetBaptistChurch,42 Admission charged. the building’s rare lamp. Tiffany housed anddisplayedhere, including of religious andsecularartefacts is Jewish HistoricalMuseum.Acollection Shaarei ZekekandtheSaintJohn the newhomeforCongregation home. In2008thebuildingbecame In 1965itwasconvertedtoafuneral to bethebestfinishedhomeincity.

9 Victorian Stroll 10 Victorian Stroll 23. MacLeodHouse,71OrangeStreet the etchedglassoninnerfront doors. home onWentworth Street. TheTroop initialscanstillbeseenin 1878 aftertheGreat Fire of1877haddestroyed theTroop family and withhim,hisfirm.ThishousewasconstructedforHoward in first Canadianshipownertoacquire aniron vessel.Hediedin1912 remained thelargestCanadian fleetofitsdayandHoward wasthe company lost41vesselsatsea.Despitethesehard timesthefirm through difficult yearsinthe1880’s and1890’s. In1881alone,the Son uponhisfather’s deathandsuccessfullyleadthecompany involved inthefamilybusiness.Heassumedcontrol ofTroop and Although JacobTroop hadtwosons,onlyHoward D.became 22. HowardD.Troop House,70OrangeStreet carved instoneabovethedoorway. sandstone homebuiltin1879.Notetheinitialoffamilyname keep aneyeonshippingmovementsandhadthisSecondEmpire food wholesalefirmwithofficesto atMarketSlip.Hetoowished oceangoing commerce. Hewastheowner ofG.BentandSons,a Like othersonOrangeStreet, Gilbert Benthadaninterest in 21. BentHouse,78OrangeStreet the city. stone carvingssurrounding eachdoorwayare amongstthe bestin view oftheharbourandBayFundy. Thesimilarbutunique main bodyofthehousegivingoccupantsanunobstructed number 79.Ofnoteare thedormerwindows,perched above the 77; andGeorgeMacLeod,ashipownerlumbermerchant, Deeds, occupied75Orange;Frederick Barker, abarrister, number prominent SaintJohnmen.DruryWard Chipman,theRegistrarof These massiveItalianaterow houseswere builtin1880for three 20. 75,77,79OrangeStreet paned baydormers, andstillretains itsslateroof shingles. half storey building hasdoublebaywindows,capped bytriple- of SecondEmpire buildingsinthepost-fire period.Thisone-and-a- Built fortheEatonfamilyabout1880, thishomewasfairlytypical 25. 37MecklenburgStreet arrived inSaintJohn. German State),consortofKingGeorge IIIatthetimeLoyalists This Street isnamedforCharlotteofMecklenburg-Strelitz (atiny MECKLENBURG STREET windows intheturret ofthehouse. “Loyalist Trail.” Itisnowprivatelyowned.Notethecurvedglass rectory ofTrinity Church onGermainStreet describedinthe Brothers &Co.,BuildersandContractors.Thehousewasthe This homewasbuiltaround 1913forRobertG.Haleyof 24. HaleyHouse,50OrangeStreet the windows. structure at71Orange.Notethefascinatingstonecarvingsabove D.E. DunhamandW. P. Clarke,todesignthisimposingsandstone purchased alotfrom theTroop familyandcommissionedarchitects, the shippingandlumbertycoonmovedinto79Orange,thathe particularly prosperous yearsinthelate1870’s. Nosoonerhad One canseeeventodaythatGeorgeMacLeodhadsome between 9:00amand2:00pm. October anopenairfarmersmarketcanbefoundatQueenSquare, of hisnamingtheSaintJohnRiver. OnSundaysbetweenMayand Simeon boughttheplansfrom Montreal architect JohnJ.Brown banker. Thenamecamefrom hismotherJaneElizabethCaverhill. Caverhill Hallwasbuiltforex-MayorSimeonJones,abrewer and 26. CaverhillHall,134SydneyStreet Brunswick. The building was fondly named “Carleton House,” Brunswick. Thebuildingwasfondly named“CarletonHouse,” duringhistenure ofNew Leonard asLieutenant-Governor Tilley This SecondEmpire stylehomewasbuiltin1888forSirSamuel 30. CarletonHouse,223GermainStreet roof through theiropenmouths. to beingdecorative,thesegargoylesdrainwaterfrom thebuilding’s Inaddition stone gargoylesattheleftandrightendsofcornice. Biscuit Co.Notetheintricatedoorsandrailingwork,aswell was builtintheearly1880sforRankinBrothers oftheRankin build businessesorhomestogether. Thissemi-detachedstructure In 19thcenturySaintJohn,itwasnotuncommonforfamiliesto 29. RankinHouse,210–212GermainStreet Samuel deChamplainwaserected tomarkthe300 and likeKing’s Square, isintheshapeofan‘X’.Themonument Fire of1877.TheSquare itselfwaslaidoutin1783byPaulBedell city. Thehomes were builtbywealthycitizensfollowingtheGreat Queen Square wasonceoneof themostfashionabledistrictsin 28. QueenSquare also beseen,particularlyatnight. Beautiful stainedglasswindowscan translated, “PatienceConquers.” building withtheLatinmotto,loosely cotta familycrest onthesideof the and entrancewaytheterra carveddoor time. Notetheornately Imperial GermanConsulatthe Company. Thomsonwas alsothe John shipowner, Thomsonand RobertThomson,ofWilliam This imposinghomewasbuiltinthe1890’s foranotherSaint 27. ThomsonHouse,2MecklenburgStreet first Saint John man killed in the first SaintJohnmankilledinthe Simeon’s son,CaptainRaeJones,wasthe their residence visit. duringaVice-Regal and QueenMary, usedCavehillHallas andYork,Cornwall laterKingGeorgeV 1884. In1901theDukeandDuchessof 1879. Thehousewasfinishedinearly contractor, andMichalFlood,mason,in and awarded thecontracttoE.J.Brass, First World War. (see hisstatue inKing’s Square). wasaFatherof Confederation Tilley Sir JohnA.andLady MacDonald. to entertainCanada’s Prime Minister, the rear ofthe housefortheTilleys attractive diningroom wasaddedto architect H.H.Mott.Folklore saysan designed byprominent SaintJohn Carleton orSaintJohnWest. Itwas of electoralsupportcamefrom because Tilley’s strongest source th anniversary anniversary

11 Victorian Stroll 12 Victorian Stroll were behindtheshop. seen goingthrough thecarriageway toandfrom thestableswhich had thefirstglasshearseinSaintJohnanditcould regularly be business inthecityfrom 1846untilhis deathin1892.Thecompany “warerooms.” MarkNeedhamPowersoperatedhisundertaking this buildingin1878anduseditasbothhisresidence and New Brunswick’s firstprofessional, full-timeundertakerbuilt 32. Power’s FuneralHome,79PrincessStreet Germain. knobs andplatesat179 Note theelaboratedoor occupied byhissonJohn. by Bullock;and187was 1910; 185wasoccupied of SaintJohnfrom 1908to Thomas, whowasMayor was occupiedbyhisson his twosons.Number183 Germain forhimselfand businessprospering, Bullockbuilt183-187 with ImperialOil.With his fortunestoapointwhereOilamalgamated in1898Eastern first oilmagnate.Startingasakerosene supplier, Bullockparlayed OilCompanyandNewBrunswick’sBullock, founderoftheEastern 179 GermainStreet wasbuiltasafamilyhomein1879forJoseph 31.  Princess Street. in thefront doorandtheterracottabrickinsetsinchimney on mentioned inthisStroll. Notetheglassconservatory, etchedglass Helen Troop, thedaughterofHoward D. Troop whosehomeis from 1930to1935.Hemarried city from 1902to1906andagain 1952. Whitewasmayorofthe 1891 untilhisdeathatage89in the timeofitsconstructionin politician. Thiswashishomefrom successful surgeon,soldierand Regiment ofArtillery, wasa who commandedtheN.B. Lt. ColonelDr. Walter W. White, 34. WhiteHouse,71SydneyStreet 179, 183,185&187GermainStreet Bullock House,

Warwick closeditsdoorsforgood. employee. In2017Hayward & sold thebusinesstoalong-time fifth-generation Hayward family and giftware. In2013the retailer offinechina,housewares and were anationallyrecognized this locationinDecember1877 earthenware. Theyrelocated to 1855 asretailers ofchinaand Hayward &Warwick beganin 33.  85 PrincessStreet Hayward &Warwick, stone carvings grimacing atop their cornice perches.stone carvingsgrimacingatoptheircornice of QueenAnneRevival,elaborateItalianatefacadesandcurious Take intheimposingsplendorofCorinthiancolumns, thewhimsy of theirproud, newstructures. contractors andcraftsmentoout-dooneanotherinthegrandness is easytoimaginethefierce competition amongproperty owners, So elaborateare someofthe buildings andtheirdetailingthatit this area. PRINCE WILLIAMWALK tourssomeofthecharmingstreets within Saint Johncreated thetwenty-block Trinity RoyalPreservation Area. protect thecharacterofbuildings inthecentralcore ofthecity, as beingofnationalhistoricandarchitectural significance. To designated bytheHistoricSitesandMonumentsBoard ofCanada Street wasthefirststreetscapePrince William inCanadatobe examples of19thcenturycommercial facadesinallofCanada. Saint Johncantruthfullyclaimtohavesomeofthefinestsurviving Many ofthesebuildingsremain intacttoday, andbecausetheydo, The nextdecadesawmuchoftheUptownandSouthEndrebuilt. itsefforts John turned tobuildinganew–asquicklypossible. 1,612buildingsdestroyed and13,000peoplehomeless,Saint With smoldering massofcharredrubble. Saint John,includingmostofthecommercialdistrict,wasa the fireraged.Whenitwasover, two-thirdsofUptown End wascaughtupinaroaringinferno.Forninelonghours one woodenbuildingafteranother, untilmostoftheSouth MacLaughlan BoilerWorks. Thefirespreadrapidly, engulfing burning branchwascarriedbythewind,ignitingnearby a the flamesbrokethroughoutsidewallsofstore, Union Street.Outside,abrisknor’westerhowled,andas Fairweather’s HayStoreinPortland,atthewestendof in At 2p.m.onJune20,1877,aflashfirebrokeout Saint John Merchant Heritage of

13 Prince William Walk 14 Prince William Walk honour ofdistinguishedmemberWallace P. MacMurray. by theSocietytorecognize its bicentennialin1998andisnamed business. SaintAndrews Society BicentennialGreen wasestablished it nowstandsnearthesitewhere thecompanyfirstwentinto G.E. BarbourCompanyLimited.Brought downriveronabarge, from thecity, thestore wascompletelyrestored in1967bythe Once locatedataruralcrossroads inSheffield, 80milesupriver 3.  from 1849to1923. marking aten-hourworkday, waslocatedattheheadofslip located ontheMarketSquare Boardwalk. TheLabourDayBell, a slipofwaterthatextendedapproximately tothebronze moose the firstLoyalistlandingonMay18,1783.Atonetimethere was Adjacent toMarketSquare is Market Slip,celebratedasthesiteof 2. MarketSlipatSquare Brunswick MuseumExhibitionCentre. and conventioncentre, Canada’s firstpubliclibraryandtheNew includes shops,restaurants, offices, ahotel,apartments,trade Square complex,anambitious andexcitingdevelopmentwhich these warehouse facadeshavebeenincorporatedintotheMarket were constructedalongbothsidesofMarketSlip.Today, sevenof of MarketSquare, butsoonafterwards, numerous warehouses place forthecity. TheGreat Fire of1877destroyed allthebuildings Market Square derivesitsnamefrom itsearlyfunctionasa market 1. MarketSquare&NewBrunswickMuseum Approximately 1.5hours Prince William Walk look atthe intricatecarvings ontheFurlong Building. address. Whileatthis corner, walkdowntoOne PrincessStreet to Street National HistoricStreetscapes Marker isalsolocatedatthis other securitieswere soldhere atpublicauction. ThePrinceWilliam hands.” Formany yearsstocks,bondsand by suchbuffoonerybe adorned from his “We trustnomore ofour buildingswill comment from thepress at thattime: floor windowsevokedthefollowing The carvedstoneheadsabovethe third John architects McKeanandFairweather. This buildingwasdesignedbynoted Saint William Street 5. Chubb’s Corner, 111Prince prominent NewYork architects G.B.Croft andF.T. Camp. This buildingopenedforbusinessinJune1878onadesignby threatened ordestroyed thefirm’s premises, McMillan’s thrived. Saint AndrewsBicentennialGreen Barbour’s GeneralStore, location. Despitenumerous fires which across thestreet from itspresent building wasnexttoJardine’s Alley, established in1822,theoriginal in SaintJohn.Theprinthousewas Press wastheoldestprintingfirm Until itssaleinthelate1990’s McMillan 4.  98 PrinceWilliamStreet McMillan Press,

of 1877inthenewbuilding’s cornerstone. 1839, were depositedalongwith artefacts contents, whichrepresented artefactsof destroyed intheGreat Fire of1877.The formerly housedcityoffices andwhich was ofthebuildingwhich the 1839cornerstone were beingprepared, workmenuncovered a costof$35,500.Whenitsfoundations immediately aftertheGreat Fire of1877at by McKeanandFairweatherbuilt specifically asCityHall.Itwasdesigned building wasthefirststructure designed meeting hall,amarket,courthouse,andbankinghouse.This Council metinbuildingswhichwere builtforotheruses:achurch For over100years,between1785and1877,SaintJohnCommon by architect Fairweather. G. Ernest the present building afteritscompletionin1908. Itwasdesigned world. Originallylocated onWater Street, theMissionmovedinto to provide lodging, mealsandrecreation tosailorsfrom around the of NewBrunswickandaFather Confederation. Itspurposewas Tilley, son ofSirSamuelLeonard Tilley, formerLieutenant-Governor The Seamen’s Missionwasfoundedin1897partbyHerbertC. 10. Seamen’s Mission,152PrinceWilliam Street the manspittingcoins,locatedattoprightofentranceway. withfloralandfruitmotifs.Notethecarvedstonefaceof adorned acquired bythePalatineInsurance Company. Thebuildingisrichly Bank ofNovaScotiamovedacross thestreet, andthebuildingwas Following itstakeoveroftheBankNewBrunswickin1913, architects Dumaresq andDewarfortheBankofNovaScotia. This classicSecondEmpire structure wasdesignedbyHalifax 8. PalatineBuilding,124PrinceWilliamStreet Scotia, whichtookoverthisproperty andoccupiedituntil1977. bank. Itchosethelatter, andwasabsorbedbytheBankofNova other expandingbanksortoamalgamatewithanotherMaritime decide betweengreatly enlargingitscapitaltocompeteagainst entrance andtheground floorwindows. three figures carvedinthekeystonesabove 1877. Theoriginalcostwas$120,000.Notethe post office justcompletedbefore theGreat Fire of architectgovernment MatthewSteadtoreplace a This SecondEmpire buildingwasdesignedby 6.  7.  116 PrinceWilliamStreet 113 PrinceWilliamStreet Former PostOffice, Old CityHall, In 1913,thebankwasforced to time thisfineedificewasbuilt. scene for93years,duringwhich dominated theprovincial business as Canada’s firstchartered bank.It into beinginSaintJohn1820 The BankofNewBrunswickcame 9.  Prince WilliamStreet Brunswick, 119–125 Bank OfNew

15 Prince William Walk 16 Prince William Walk the city’s mostelegantolderresidential streets. residential architecture are foundonGermain,considered oneof newel postsanddoors.Someofthebestexamplespost-1877 mantelpieces from Italy, andintricatelycarvedwoodmantels, boasted manyfinefeatures: mahoganyfrom Honduras,marble to replace thosewhichhadbeen destroyed. Thewealthiestofthese Fire of1877,SaintJohnsawtheerection ofmanyfinebrickhouses served atermasSecretary ofState inEngland.FollowingtheGreat were beingnamed.Hewasa soldierandstatesmaninEngland from 1770-1782,whodiedin 1785justasthestreets oftheCity This street wasnamedforGeorge Sackville,Lord GeorgeGermain GERMAIN STREET replaced in1997.TheCelticCross standingnearthelampsisa Gregory andSonsLtd.Saint JohnIron Works Ltd.Theywere project through thejointefforts ofthestevedoringfirmH.S. 1848. In1967,thelampswere restored asaCanadianCentennial “The Three Sisters.”Ithasguided marinersintotheharboursince Street standsanironAt thefootofPrinceWilliam lampknownas 13. TheTrinity atStPatrick’s Square National Railwayelevatorwasdemolishedin1989. massive grainelevatorwasbuiltacross thestreet. TheCanadian They hadaviewoftheharbouruntilFirstWorld War, whena This row ofQueenAnneRevivalframehouseswasbuiltin1895. 12.  on thebuildingoffers ashorthistoryofthecompany. Troop ShippingLinewhichwasestablishedinthe1840s.Aplaque Erected in1883,thisbuildinghousedtheoffices ofthe renowned 11.  La Tour andhergallant defenceofher husbands’fur-trading post. on special occasions.Shesingularly keptalive thestoryofLady resident, retired schoolteacherEmma McCready, playedLadyLaTour through the open mouthsofthefigures. For afewdecadeslong-time being decorative, these gargoylesdrainwaterfrom thebuildings’roof Inadditionto gargoyles attheleftandrightends of thecornice. Note theintricatedoorsandrailing work, aswellthestone from pre-fire practice,intheerection ofdoubleormultipledwellings. Built inthe1880’s, thisdoublebrickbuildingillustratesadeparture 15. RankinHouse,210-212 GermainStreet Manor isnowaBed&Breakfast. converted intoaninsuranceandreal estatecompany. Mahogany 1902 uponthedeathoffounders.Laterbusinesswas manager ofthewholesalegrocery firmHallandFairweatherin Cross, whobecame by contractorMichaelMooneyforWilliam few woodenresidences onthisstreet, wasconstructedin1905 This woodtwo-storey QueenAnneRevivalresidence, oneofthe 14. MahoganyManor, 220GermainStreet 262 -268PrinceWilliamStreet Stoneleigh Terrace, The Troop Building,162PrinceWilliamStreet those sick. Collins, whodiedontheislandtreating and intheCity, andto Dr. JamesP. in 1847oftyphusonPartridgeIsland Immigrants andlocalcitizens,whodied to commemoratethe1,200Irish mouth. Thecross waserected in1927 which youcanseeattheharbour’s copy ofalargeroneonPartridgeIsland