Political Law Development
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
MPA - 869 LAW IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR Summer 2020 Syllabus Updated to 31-1-2020 Lecturer: Gregory Tardi, B.A. (Hons.), B.C.L., LL.B., DJur. 1 COURSE DESCRIPTION The course on "Law in the Public Sector" is an adaptation specific to SPS students, of courses given in Canadian law schools dealing with "law and politics". The novel approach specifically intended for this course is based on the more thoroughly integrated concept of “political law”. In Democratic societies such as Canada, Ontario, the other provinces and territories, as well as in like-minded states, law is the fundamental and indispensable element of governance. In this context, the purpose of the course is to provide an interdisciplinary and comparative perspective on law in the structure of the state and in the processes of governing. The study of political law deals with public law in the context of its interaction with public administration and politics, as well as of its evolution through the constant three- way relations among the legislature, the executive and the courts. In complement to traditional courses on constitutional law that emphasize the rule of law, federalism and the protection of human rights, and those on administrative law which focus on judicial review, the essence of this study is on the role of law in the conduct of public affairs. Political law can be defined as the analysis of the role, of law in statecraft. The first aspect of this study is internal to the legal system. The range of constitutional / legal rules of governance should not be thought of as disparate, self-standing instruments. Rather, they constitute a distinct, comprehensive, cohesive and coherent domain of law, namely the law of public institutions and public administration. The second aspect of the study is interdisciplinary. As an instrument of modern Democratic governance, law functions in conjunction with public policy and administration, and with politics. Consequently, the constitutional / legal instruments are supplemented by other types of rules, namely policy instruments and political instruments. Each of these types of instruments is binding in its own way. Law, policy and politics are in constant interaction. Indeed, one of the features underlying governance is the constant struggle between legality and power. In addressing this dilemma of Democracy, the entire body of instruments should be viewed as the vehicles for Democratic governing, rather than merely as constraints on the use of power. The advent of the Charters of Rights in Canada and in several provinces has both intensified the linkages among the various types of instruments and blurred the distinctions among them, making their study as a unified body of rules both worthwhile and timely. This development has also increased the interaction, influence and the impact of law in and on the Democratic conduct of governing. This course is also an examination of the evolving body of principles, binding rules and practices dealing with the degree of mutual effects among law, public administration and politics. It is also an analysis of the influence of law on the conduct of public affairs. The themes running through the study of political law involve consideration of a) Democracy as a political system, b) the legal components of Democracy, c) electoral matters, d) the choice of instruments for governing, d) the balance of law and politics in the legislative process, e) the precedence of law and its accommodation with the other types of instruments in government management, f) the relative weight of legal and political influences in the litigation and adjudication of judicial disputes on issues of public governance, and g) the legalization of public life, including governance and politics. and h) accountability to law as a factor necessary for Democracy. The conclusion to be drawn from the study of political law is that legal accountability to democracy in the conduct of public affairs is a factor necessary for Democracy. It is the counterpart to constitutionally and legally protected human rights, in particular civil and political rights, in more traditional law courses. This course aims to provide senior public servants and other current and future professionals, especially those interested in government, a new, interdisciplinary dimension to their understanding of law in its real-life context. It is directed at giving students areas of knowledge complementary to related courses, as well as enabling them to use specific analytical tools in assessing law as the fundamental and indispensable component in Democratic governance and administration. 2 PUBLIC LAW PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION CONSTITUTIONAL LAW POLICY LAW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION POLITICAL LAW ADMINISTRATIVE LAW POLITICS POLITICAL SCIENCE POLITICAL LAW AND THE RELATED SOCIAL DISCIPLINES 3 COURSE INFORMATION Term: Summer, 2020 Location: Robert Sutherland Hall Dates and times: Friday, April 24: 13:00 hrs. - 16:00 hrs. [1 pm – 4 pm] Saturday, April 25: 13:00 hrs. - 16:00 hrs. [1 pm – 4 pm] Monday, May 11: 13:00 hrs. - 16:00 hrs. [1 pm – 4 pm] Tuesday, May 12: 13:00 hrs. - 16:00 hrs. [1 pm – 4 pm] Wednesday, May 13: 13:00 hrs. - 16:00 hrs. [1 pm – 4 pm] Thursday, May 14: 13:00 hrs. - 16:00 hrs. [1 pm – 4 pm] Friday, May 15: 13:00 hrs. - 16:00 hrs. [1 pm – 4 pm] Monday, June 1: 08:30 hrs. – 11:30 hrs. [8:30 am – 11:30 am] Tuesday, June 2: 08:30 hrs. – 11:30 hrs. [8:30 am – 11:30 am] Wednesday, June 3: 08:30 hrs. – 11:30 hrs. [8:30 am – 11:30 am] Thursday, June 4: 08:30 hrs. – 11:30 hrs. [8:30 am – 11:30 am] Friday, June 5: 08:30 hrs. – 11:30 hrs. [8:30 am – 11:30 am] Prerequisites: None Teaching methods: The course will be conducted through a blend of lecturing, seminar-style class discussion, and possibly with the participation of specialists as guest speakers. Method of evaluation: Effective class participation:….…......................................…10%; Short written assignment:…………………………………...10%; Due on the second-to-last last day of class, June 4 Research Paper……………………………………………….90%. Due on Friday, June 26; Grades will be made available on Friday, July 10. Paper: For the major paper of the course, students should select a topic from among those listed at the end of this syllabus, or one similar in nature to these topics. The instructor’s approval of each topic is necessary. No topic may be selected by more than one student; approvals are discussed on a first-come-first-served basis. Students should identify themselves by name and student number on the paper. Lecturer contacts: e-mail: [email protected] 4 REQUIRED COURSE MATERIAL - Textbooks : Gregory Tardi The Theory and Practice of Political Law, 2nd ed. (Toronto: Carswell, 2016) Hereinafter referred to as TPPL Gregory Tardi Anatomy of an Election: Canada's 43rd Federal General Election, 2019, Through the Lens of Political Law (Toronto: Irwin Law, 2020) Hereinafter referred to as ANATOMY SUGGESTED COURSE MATERIAL Richard Balasko and Gregory Tardi, eds. The Informed Citizens’ Guide to Elections Le Guide du citoyen averti aux élections (Toronto: Carswell, 2015) Richard Balasko and Gregory Tardi, eds. The Informed Citizens’ Guide to Elections Le Guide du citoyen averti aux élections (Toronto: Carswell, 2019) Gregory Tardi The Law of Democratic Governing: Vol. I: Principles Vol. II: Jurisprudence (Toronto: Carswell, 2004) Gregory Tardi The Legal Framework of Government: A Canadian Guide (Aurora: Canada Law Book Inc., 1992) - Specialized Journal: The course will take into account as teaching material a number of texts published in the Journal of Parliamentary and Political Law / Revue de droit parlementaire et politique. - Additional Material: See the suggested readings for each class and the Comprehensive Bibliography at the end of the syllabus. 5 USEFUL AND INFORMATIVE WEBSITES The Constitution of Canada: https://thecanadaguide.com/government/the-constitution/ Parliament of Canada: https://www.parl.ca/ Hansard of the House of Commons: https://www.ourcommons.ca/documentviewer/en/35-2/house/hansard-index Status of Bills in the House of Commons and the Senate: https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/Home.aspx?ParliamentSession=43-1 Laws of Canada: https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/D.html Supreme Court of Canada: https://www.scc-csc.ca/ Court decisions: https://www.canlii.org/en/ The Cabinet: https://pm.gc.ca/en/cabinet Mandate Letters of Ministers: https://pm.gc.ca/en/mandate-letters Department of Justice Canada: https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/ Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada: https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/abt-apd/min.html Canadian legal history: https://thecanadaguide.com/basics/legal-system/ The Canadian judicial structure: https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/just/07.html The Canadian judiciary: https://cjc-ccm.ca/en 6 SUMMARY COURSE OUTLINE AND SCHEDULE FOUNDATIONS OF POLITICAL LAW 1. April 24, 2020.............….. Introduction to Political Law 2. April 24, 2020…...............The Linkages Among Law, Public Administration and Politics 3. April 25, 2020………….. The Legal Components of Democracy and the Rule of Law 4. April 25, 2020………….. The Political Law Underpinnings of Democracy ELECTIONS 5. May 11, 2020…...............The Electoral System and Elections 6. May 11, 2020……….…..The Conduct of a General Election 7. May 12, 2020…………...Participation, Political Speech and Campaign Promises 8. May 12, 2020…………...Case Study: Canada's 43rd Federal General Election THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 9. May 13, 2020…….….…Parliament (and the Legislative Assembly) as Institutions 10. May 13, 2020…………..Lex Parlamenti and Parliamentary Privilege 11. May 14, 2020……..........The Legislative Proces 12. May 14, 2020……..........The Senate THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH 13. May 15, 2020…….........The Law of Public Institutions and Administration 14. May 15, 2020…...……..The Cabinet and Machinery of Government 15. June 1, 2020………...... The Justice & Attorney General Portfolio 16. June 1, 2020…..……...