Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8602 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan Van Leeuwen

Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8602 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen

Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7407 Anna I. Esparcia-Alcázar et al. (Eds.)

Applications of Evolutionary Computation 17th European Conference, EvoApplications 2014 Granada, Spain, April 23–25, 2014 Revised Selected Papers

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ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Computer Science ISBN 978-3-662-45522-7 ISBN 978-3-662-45523-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-45523-4

Library of Congress Control Number: 2014956223

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Anna I. Esparcia-Alcázar Rolf Drechsler S2 Grupo, Spain German Research Center for Artiﬁcial [email protected] Intelligence, Germany [email protected] Antonio M. Mora bremen.de Universidad de Granada, Spain [email protected] A.E. Eiben Alexandros Agapitos VU University Amsterdam, University College Dublin, Ireland The Netherlands [email protected] [email protected]

Paolo Burelli Francisco Fernández de Vega Aalborg University Copenhagen, University of Extremadura, Spain Denmark [email protected] [email protected]

William S. Bush Kyrre Glette Vanderbilt University, USA University of Oslo, Norway [email protected] [email protected]

Stefano Cagnoni Evert Haasdijk University of Parma, Italy VU University Amsterdam, [email protected] The Netherlands [email protected] Carlos Cotta Universidad de Málaga, Spain [email protected] J. Ignacio Hidalgo Universidad Complutense Ivanoe De Falco de Madrid, Spain ICAR-CNR, Italy [email protected] [email protected] Paul Kaufmann Antonio Della Cioppa University of Paderborn, Germany University of Salerno, Italy [email protected] [email protected]

Federico Divina Trung Thanh Nguyen Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Spain Liverpool John Moores University, UK [email protected] [email protected] VI Volume Editors

Petr Pošík Ernesto Tarantino Czech Technical University, ICAR-CNR, Italy Czech Republic [email protected]. [email protected] cnr.it

Robert Schaefer Andrea G.B. Tettamanzi AGH University of Science Université de Nice, and Technology, Poland Sophia Antipolis, France [email protected] [email protected]

Kevin Sim Neil Urquhart Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh Napier University, UK UK [email protected] [email protected] Mengjie Zhang Anabela Simões Victoria University of Wellington, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal New Zealand [email protected] [email protected]

Giovanni Squillero Nur Zincir-Heywood Politecnico di Torino, Italy Dalhousie University, Canada [email protected] [email protected] Preface

Evolutionary computation (EC) techniques are efficient, nature-inspired planning and optimization methods based on the principles of natural evolution and genetics. Due to their efficiency and simple underlying principles, these methods can be used in the context of problem solving, optimization, and machine learning. A large and continu- ously increasing number of researchers and professionals make use of EC techniques in various application domains. This volume presents a careful selection of relevant EC examples combined with a thorough examination of the techniques used in EC. The papers in the volume illustrate the current state of the art in the application of EC and should help and inspire researchers and professionals to develop efficient EC methods for design and problem solving. All the papers in this book were presented during EvoApplications 2014, which incorporates a range of tracks on application-oriented aspects of EC. Originally established as EvoWorkshops in 1998, it provides a unique opportunity for EC researchers to meet and discuss application aspects of EC and has been an important link between EC research and its application in a variety of domains. During these 16 years new work- shops and tracks have arisen, some have disappeared, while others have matured to become conferences of their own, such as EuroGP in 2000, EvoCOP in 2004, EvoBIO in 2007, and EvoMUSART in 2012. EvoApplications is part of EVO*, Europe’s premier colocated event in the field of evolutionary computing. EVO* was held from April 23 to 25, 2014. Granada, Spain, home to ‘The Alhambra’ UNESCO World Heritage Site provided the setting, with the Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Arquitectura y Tecnología de los Computa- dores representing the venue, and included, in addition to EvoApplications, EuroGP, the main European event dedicated to genetic programming; EvoCOP, the main Euro- pean conference on evolutionary computation in combinatorial optimization and Evo- MUSART the main International Conference on Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design. The proceedings for all of these events in their 2013 edition are also available in the LNCS series. The central aim of the EVO* events is to provide researchers, as well as people from industry, students, and interested newcomers, with an opportunity to present new results, discuss current developments and applications, or just become acquainted with the world of EC. Moreover, it encourages and reinforces possible synergies and in- teractions between members of all scientific communities that may benefit from EC techniques. EvoApplications 2014 consisted of the following individual tracks: – EvoCOMNET, track on nature-inspired techniques for telecommunication networks and other parallel and distributed systems, – EvoCOMPLEX, track on evolutionary algorithms and complex systems, – EvoENERGY, track on EC in energy applications, VIII Preface

– EvoFIN, track on evolutionary and natural computation in ﬁnance and economics, – EvoGAMES, track on bio-inspired algorithms in games, – EvoIASP, track on EC in image analysis signal processing and pattern recognition, – EvoINDUSTRY, track on nature-inspired techniques in industrial settings, – EvoNUM, track on bio-inspired algorithms for continuous parameter optimization, – EvoPAR, track on parallel implementation of evolutionary algorithms, – EvoRISK, track on computational intelligence for risk management, security, and defence applications, – EvoROBOT, track on EC in robotics – EvoSTOC, track on evolutionary algorithms in stochastic and dynamic environments, and – EvoBIO, track on EC and related techniques in bioinformatics and computational biology.

EvoCOMNET addresses the application of EC techniques to problems in distributed and connected systems such as telecommunication and computer networks, distribution and logistic networks, interpersonal and interorganizational networks, etc. To address the challenges of these systems, this track promotes the study and the application of strategies inspired by the observation of biological and evolutionary processes that usu- ally show the highly desirable characteristics of being distributed, adaptive, scalable, and robust. EvoCOMPLEX covers all aspects of the interaction of evolutionary algorithms (and metaheuristics in general) with complex systems. Complex systems are ubiquitous in physics, economics, sociology, biology, computer science, and many other scientific areas. Typically, a complex system is composed of smaller aggregated components, whose interaction and interconnectedness are non trivial. This leads to emergent properties of the system, not anticipated by its isolated components. Furthermore, when the system behavior is studied from a temporal perspective, self-organization patterns typically arise. EvoFIN is the only European event specifically dedicated to the applications of EC, and related natural computing methodologies, to finance and economics. Finan- cial environments are typically hard, being dynamic, high-dimensional, noisy, and coevolutionary. These environments serve as an interesting test bed for novel evolutionary methodologies. EvoGAMES aims to focus the scientific developments in computational intelligence techniques that may be of practical value for utilization in existing or future games. Recently, games, and especially video games, have become an important commercial factor within the software industry, providing an excellent test bed for application of a wide range of computational intelligence methods. EvoIASP, the longest-running of all EvoApplications tracks which celebrates its 15th edition this year, has been the first international event solely dedicated to the applications of EC to image analysis and signal processing in complex domains of high industrial and social relevance. Preface IX

EvoNUM aims at applications of bio-inspired algorithms, and cross-fertilization between these and more classical numerical optimization algorithms, to continuous optimization problems. It deals with applications where continuous parameters or functions have to be optimized, in fields such as control, chemistry, agriculture, electricity, building and construction, energy, aerospace engineering, and design optimization. EvoPAR covers all aspects of the application of parallel and distributed systems to EC as well as the application of evolutionary algorithms for improving parallel architectures and distributed computing infrastructures. EvoPAR focuses on the application and improvement of distributed infrastructures, such as grid and cloud computing, peer-to-peer (P2P) system, as well as parallel architectures, GPUs, manycores, etc., in cooperation with evolutionary algorithms. EvoRISK focuses on challenging problems in risk management, security, and defence, and covers both theoretical developments and applications of computational intelligence to subjects such as cyber crime, IT security, resilient and self-healing systems, risk management, critical infrastructure protection (CIP), military, counter terrorism and other defence-related aspects, disaster relief, and humanitarian logistics. EvoSTOC addresses the application of EC in stochastic and dynamic environments. This includes optimization problems with changing, noisy, and/or approximated fitness functions and optimization problems that require robust solutions, providing the first platform to present and discuss the latest research in this field. EvoBIO brings together experts across multiple fields, who draw inspiration from biological systems in order to produce solutions to complex biological problems. And finally, a General track including those papers dealing with applications not covered by any of the established tracks. This year’s edition of EvoApplications had 128 submissions, with 55 papers ac- cepted for oral presentation and 24 for poster presentation. Many people have helped make EvoApplications a success. We would like to express our gratitude first to the authors for submitting their work, to the members of the Program Committees for devoting their energy to reviewing those papers, and to the audience for their lively participation. We would also like to thank the Institute for Informatics and Digital Innovation at Edinburgh Napier University, UK, for their coordination efforts. The papers were submitted, reviewed, and selected using the MyReview conference management software. We are sincerely grateful to Marc Schoenauer of Inria, France, for his great assistance in providing, hosting, and managing the software. We would like to thank the local organizing team: Juan Julián Merelo Guervós, Victor M. Rivas Santos, Pedro A. Castillo Valdivieso, María Isabel García Arenas, Pablo García Sánchez, Antonio Fernández Ares, and Javier Asensio. We thank Kevin Sim from the Institute for Informatics and Digital Information, Edinburgh Napier University for creating and maintaining the official Evo* 2014 website, and Pablo García Sánchez (Universidad de Granada, Spain) and Mauro Castelli (Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal) for being responsible for Evo* 2014 publicity. We would also like to express our sincerest gratitude to our invited speakers, who gave the inspiring keynote talks: Prof. Thomas Schmickl of the University of Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria, Prof. Federico Morán of Universidad Com- plutense de Madrid, Spain, and Prof. Susan Stepney of the University of York, UK. X Preface

We especially want to express our genuine gratitude to Jennifer Willies of the In- stitute for Informatics and Digital Innovation at Edinburgh Napier University, UK. Her dedicated and continued involvement in Evo* since 1998 has been and remains essential for building the image, status, and unique atmosphere of this series of events.

April 2014 Anna I. Esparcia-Alcázar Antonio M. Mora Alexandros Agapitos Paolo Burelli William S. Bush Stefano Cagnoni Carlos Cotta Ivanoe De Falco Antonio Della Cioppa Federico Divina Rolf Drechsler A.E. Eiben Francisco Fernández de Vega Kyrre Glette Evert Haasdijk J. Ignacio Hidalgo Paul Kaufmann Trung Thanh Nguyen Petr Pošík Robert Schaefer Kevin Sim Anabela Simões Andrea G.B. Tettamanzi Neil Urquhart Mengjie Zhang Nur Zincir-Heywood Organization

Organizing Committee

EvoApplications Chair

Anna I. Esparcia-Alcázar S2 Grupo, Spain

Local Co-chairs

Juan Julián Merelo Universidad de Granada, Spain Víctor M. Rivas Universidad de Jaén, Spain

Proceedings Chair

Antonio M. Mora Universidad de Granada, Spain

Publicity Co-chairs

Pablo García-Sánchez Universidad de Granada, Spain Mauro Castelli Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

Webmaster

Kevin Sim Edinburgh Napier University, UK

EvoCOMNET Co-chairs

Ivanoe De Falco ICAR-CNR, Italy Antonio Della Cioppa University of Salerno, Italy Ernesto Tarantino ICAR-CNR, Italy

EvoCOMPLEX Co-chairs

Carlos Cotta Universidad de Málaga, Spain Robert Schaefer AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland XII Organization

EvoENERGY Co-chairs

Paul Kaufmann University of Paderborn, Germany Kyrre Glette University of Oslo, Norway

EvoFIN Co-chairs

Alexandros Agapitos University College Dublin, Ireland Andrea G.B. Tettamanzi Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, France

EvoGAMES Co-chairs

Paolo Burelli Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark Antonio M. Mora Universidad de Granada, Spain

EvoHOT Co-chairs

Rolf Drechsler German Research Center for Artiﬁcial Intelligence, Germany Giovanni Squillero Politecnico di Torino, Italy

EvoIASP Co-chairs

Stefano Cagnoni University of Parma, Italy Mengjie Zhang Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand

EvoINDUSTRY Co-chairs

Neil Urquhart Edinburgh Napier University, UK Kevin Sim Edinburgh Napier University, UK

EvoNUM Co-chairs

Anna I. Esparcia-Alcázar S2 Grupo, Spain Petr Pošík Czech Technical University, Czech Republic

EvoPAR Co-chairs

Francisco Fernández de Vega University of Extremadura, Spain J. Ignacio Hidalgo Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

EvoRISK Co-chairs

Anna I. Esparcia-Alcázar S2 Grupo, Spain Nur Zincir-Heywood Dalhousie University, Canada Organization XIII

EvoROBOT Co-chairs

Evert Haasdijk VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands A.E. Eiben VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands

EvoSTOC Co-chairs

Anabela Simões Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal Trung Thanh Nguyen Liverpool John Moores University, UK

EvoBIO Co-chairs

William S. Bush Vanderbilt University, USA Federico Divina Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Spain

Program Committees

EvoCOMNET Program Committee

Mehmet E. Aydin University of Bedfordshire, UK Frederick Ducatelle IDSIA, Switzerland Luca Gambardella IDSIA, Switzerland Rolf Hoffmann Technical University Darmstadt, Germany Farrukh Aslam Khan National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Pakistan Kenji Leibnitz National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan Manuel Lozano Marquez Universidad de Granada, Spain Domenico Maisto ICAR-CNR, Italy Davide Marocco University of Plymouth, UK Roberto Montemanni IDSIA, Switzerland Enrico Natalizio Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France Robert Schaefer AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland Georgios Sirakoulis Democritus University of Thrace, Greece Pawel Topa AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland Jaroslaw Was AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland Lidia Yamamoto University of Strasbourg, France XIV Organization

EvoCOMPLEX Program Committee

Anca Andreica Babe¸s-Bolyai University, Romania Tiago Baptista University of Coimbra, Portugal Antonio Córdoba University of Seville, Spain Carlos Fernandes Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal Carlos Gershenson UNAM, Mexico Juan Luis Jiménez Laredo University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Iwona Karcz-Dul˛eba Wrocław University of Technology, Poland Joshua Payne University of Zurich, Switzerland Katya Rodríguez-Vázquez UNAM, Mexico Maciej Smołka AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland Marco Tomassini University of Lausanne, Switzerland Alberto Tonda Politecnico di Torino, Italy

EvoENERGY Program Committee

Andy Tyrrell University of York, UK Frank Neumann University of Adelaide, Australia Jan Ringelstein Fraunhofer Institure for Wind Technology and Energy System Technology, Germany Kalyan Veeramachaneni MIT Computer Science and Artiﬁcial Intelligence Laboratory, USA Konrad Diwold Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Technology and Energy System Technology, Germany Maizura Mokhtar University of Central Lancashire, UK Martin Middendorf University of Leipzig, Germany Peter Palensky Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria Ralph Evins Laboratory of Building Science and Technology, Switzerland Sanaz Mostaghim Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany Una-May O’Reilly MIT Computer Science and Artiﬁcial Intelligence Laboratory, USA EvoFIN Program Committee

Eva Alfaro Cid Technical University of Valencia, Spain Anthony Brabazon University College Dublin, Ireland Shu-Heng Chen National Chengchi University, Taiwan Wei Cui University College Dublin, Ireland Manfred Gilli University of Geneva and Swiss Finance Institute, Switzerland Organization XV

Ronald Hochreiter University of Vienna, Austria Mak Kaboudan University of Redlands, USA Piotr Lipinski University of Wrocław, Poland Dietmar Maringer University of Basel, Switzerland Seraﬁn Martinez-Jaramillo Bank of Mexico, Mexico Wing Lon Ng University of Essex, UK Michael O’Neill University College Dublin, Ireland Nikolaos Thomaidis University of the Aegean, Greece Ruppa Thulasiram University of Manitoba, Canada Garnett Wilson Aﬁnin Labs Inc. and Dalhousie University, Canada

EvoGAMES Program Committee

David Camacho Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Antonio J. Fernandez Leiva Universidad de Málaga, Spain Pablo García Sánchez Universidad de Granada, Spain Antonio González Pardo Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Francisco Luís Gutiérrez Vela Universidad de Granada, Spain Johan Hagelback Blekinge Tekniska Hagskola, Sweden John Hallam University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Erin Hastings University of Central Florida, USA Philip Hingston Edith Cowan University, Australia Pier Luca Lanzi Politecnico di Milano, Italy Federico Liberatore Invited Researcher at Universidad de Granada, Spain Edgar Galvan Lopes University College Dublin, Ireland Simon Lucas University of Essex, UK Rodica Ioana Lung Babes Bolyai University, Romania Penousal Machado University of Coimbra, Portugal Hector P. Martínez IT University of Copenhagem, Denmark Patricia Paderewski Universidad de Granada, Spain Mike Preuss TU Dortmund, Germany Jan Quadﬂieg TU Dortmund, Germany Jacob Schrum University of Texas at Austin, USA Noor Shaker IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark Moshe Sipper Ben-Gurion University, Israel Terence Soule University of Idaho, USA Julian Togelius IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark

EvoHOT Program Committee

Marco Gaudesi Politecnico di Torino, Italy Antonio M. Mora Universidad de Granada, Spain Julio Perez Universidad de la República, Uruguay Ernesto Sánchez Politecnico di Torino, Italy Alberto Tonda Politecnico di Torino, Italy XVI Organization

EvoIASP Program Committee

Lucia Ballerini University of Dundee, UK Leonardo Bocchi University of Florence, Italy Oscar Cordón Universidad de Granada, Spain Sergio Damas European Center of Soft Computing, Spain Laura Dipietro Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Francesco Fontanella Université degli studi di Cassino, Italy Spela Ivekovic University of Strathclyde, UK Mario Koeppen Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan Jean Louchet Inria, France Evelyne Lutton INRA, France Pablo Mesejo Santiago University of Parma, Italy Luca Mussi University of Parma, Italy Youssef Nashed University of Parma, Italy Ferrante Neri De Montfort University, UK Gustavo Olague CICESE, Mexico Riccardo Poli University of Essex, UK Sara Silva INESC-ID, Portugal Stephen Smith University of York, UK Kyoshi Tanaka Shinshu University, Japan Andy Tyrrell University of York, UK Roberto Ugolotti University of Parma, Italy Leonardo Vanneschi Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

EvoINDUSTRY Program Committee

Bahriye Basturk Akay Erciyes University, Turkey Maria Arsuaga Rios CERN, Switzerland Jason Atkin University of Nottingham, UK Sima Etaner-Uyar Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Gurhan Kucuk Yeditepe University, Turkey John Levine University of Strathclyde, UK Nysret Musliu Vienna University of Technology, Austria Sanja Petrovic University of Nottingham, UK Nelishia Pillay University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Rong Qu University of Nottingham, UK Sanem Sariel Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Shengxiang Yang De Montfort University, UK Organization XVII

EvoNUM Program Committee

Wolfgang Banzhaf Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada Hans-Georg Beyer Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences, Austria Xavier Blasco Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain Ying-ping Chen National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan Bill Langdon University College London, UK Salma Mesmoudi Institut des Systèmes Complexes, France Christian Lorenz Mueller New York University, USA Boris Naujoks Cologne University of Applied Sciences, Germany Ferrante Neri De Montfort University, UK Mike Preuss WWU Münster, Germany Ivo Fabian Sbalzarini Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Germany Guenter Rudolph TU Dortmund, Germany P.N. Suganthan Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Olivier Teytaud Inria, France Sima¸ Uyar Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Darrell Whitley Colorado State University, USA

EvoPAR Program Committee

Jose Manuel Colmenar Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Gianluigi Folino L’ICAR-CNR, Cosenza, Italy Malcolm Heywood Dalhousie University, Canada Juan L. Jiménez University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg William Langdon University College London, UK Francisco Luna University of Extremadura, Spain Una-May O’Reilly MIT Computer Science and Artiﬁcial Intelligence Laboratory, USA Jose Carlos Ribeiro Politechnique Institute of Leiria, Portugal Marco Tomassini Lausanne University, Switzerland Garnett Wilson Aﬁnin Labs Inc. and Dalhousie University, Canada EvoRISK Program Committee

Hussein Abbass UNSW@Australian Defence Force Academy, Australia Robert K. Abercrombie Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA Rami Abielmona University of Ottawa, Canada Anas Abou El Kalam École Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Bourges, France Nabendu Chaki University of Calcutta, India Mario Cococcioni NATO Undersea Research Centre, Italy XVIII Organization

Josep Domingo-Ferrer Rovira i Virgili University, Spain Stenio Fernandes Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil Solange Ghernaouti-Hélie University of Lausanne, Switzerland Miguel Juan S2 Grupo, Spain Rabinarayan Mahapatra Texas A&M University, USA Antonio Manzalini Telecom Italia, Italy Owen McCusker Sonalysts, USA David Megias Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain Javier Montero Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Frank W. Moore University of Alaska Anchorage, USA Srinivas Mukkamala New Mexico Tech, USA Srini Ramaswamy ABB Corporate Research Center, India Martin Rehak Czech Technical University, Czech Republic Kouichi Sakurai Kyushu University, Japan Guillermo Suarez de Tangil Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain Shamik Sural Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India Kay Chen Tan National University of Singapore, Singapore Vicenç Torra CSIC, Spain Shambhu Upadhyaya State University of New York at Buffalo, USA Antonio Villalón S2 Grupo, Spain Xinyuan (Frank) Wang George Mason University, USA Xin Yao University of Birmingham, UK

EvoROBOT Program Committee

Nicolas Bredeche Institut des Systémes Intelligents et de Robotique, France Jeff Clune Cornell University, USA Stephane Doncieux Institut des Systémes Intelligents et de Robotique Marco Dorigo Universite Libre de Bruxelles Heiko Hamann University of Paderborn, Germany Jean-Marc Montanier Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norwey Jean-Baptiste Mouret Institut des Systémes Intelligents et de Robotique, France Stefano Nolﬁ Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italy Claudio Rossi Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain Sanem Sariel Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Turkey Thomas Schmickl Karl Franzens University Graz, Austria Juergen Stradner Karl Franzens University Graz, Austria Jon Timmis University of York, UK Organization XIX

Andy Tyrrell University of York, UK Berend Weel Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands Alan Winﬁeld University of the West of England, UK

EvoSTOC Program Committee

Enrique Alba Universidad de Málaga, Spain Peter Bosman Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science, The Netherlands Juergen Branke University of Warwick, UK Lam Bui Le Quy Don Technical University, Vietnam Hui Cheng University of Bedfordshire, UK Ernesto Costa University of Coimbra, Portugal Andries Engelbrecht University of Pretoria, South Africa Sima Etaner-Uyar Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Yaochu Jin University of Surrey, UK Shayan Kavakeb Liverpool John Moores University, UK Changhe Li China University of Geosciences, China Michalis Mavrovouniotis De Montfort University, UK Jorn Mehnen Cranﬁeld University, UK Ferrante Neri De Montfort University, UK David Pelta Universidad de Granada, Spain Hendrik Richter HTWK Leipzig University, Germany Philipp Rohlfshagen SolveIT Software, Australia Renato Tinos Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil Krzysztof Trojanowski Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland Shengxiang Yang De Montfort University, UK Xin Yao University of Birmingham, UK

EvoBIO Program Committee

Jaume Bacardit University of Nottingham, UK Jacek Blazewicz Poznan University of Technology, Poland Florentino Fernández University of Vigo, Spain Alex Freitas University of Kent, UK Mario Giacobini University of Turin, Italy Raffaele Giancarlo University of Palermo, Italy Rosalba Giugno University of Catania, Italy Casey Greene Dartmouth College, USA Jin-Kao Hao University of Angers, France Ting Hu Dartmouth College, USA Mehmet Koyuturk Case Western Reserve University, USA XX Organization

Penousal Machado University of Coimbra, Portugal Elena Marchiori Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Marco Masseroli Politecnico di Milano, Italy Brett McKinney University of Tulsa, USA Pablo Moscato The University of Newcastle, UK Alison Motsinger-Reif University of North Carolina Raleigh, USA Vincent Moulton University of East Anglia, UK Carlotta Orsenigo Politecnico di Milano, Italy Michael Raymer Wright State University, USA Simona Rombo ICAR-CNR, Italy Marc Schoenauer Inria Saclay Ile-de-France, France Ugur Sezerman Sabanci University, Turkey Marc Smith Vassar College, USA Leonardo Vanneschi ISEGI, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Andreas Zell University of Tübingen, Germany Zhongming Zhao Vanderbilt University, USA

General Track Program Committee

Marco Gaudesi Politecnico di Torino, Italy Spela Ivekovic University of Strathclyde, UK Luca Mussi University of Parma, Italy Ernesto Sánchez Politecnico di Torino, Italy Giovanni Squillero Politecnico di Torino, Italy Alberto Tonda Politecnico di Torino, Italy

Sponsoring Organizations

– Free Software Ofﬁce (OSL) of the University of Granada. – Granada Excellence Network of Innovation Laboratories (GENIL). – Institute for Informatics and Digital Innovation at Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland, UK. – The EvoCOMNET track has been technically sponsored by the World Federation on Soft Computing. Contents

EvoCOMNET

Evolving a Trust Model for Peer-to-Peer Networks Using Genetic Programming ...... 3 Ugur Eray Tahta, Ahmet Burak Can, and Sevil Sen

A Hybrid Primal Heuristic for Robust Multiperiod Network Design ...... 15 Fabio D’Andreagiovanni, Jonatan Krolikowski, and Jonad Pulaj

A Trajectory-Based Heuristic to Solve a Three-Objective Optimization Problem for Wireless Sensor Network Deployment...... 27 Jose M. Lanza-Gutiérrez, Juan A. Gómez-Pulido, and Miguel A. Vega-Rodríguez

Optimizing AEDB Broadcasting Protocol with Parallel Multi-objective Cooperative Coevolutionary NSGA-II ...... 39 Bernabé Dorronsoro, Patricia Ruiz, El-Ghazali Talbi, Pascal Bouvry, and Apivadee Piyatumrong

Improving Extremal Optimization in Load Balancing by Local Search . . . . . 51 Ivanoe De Falco, Eryk Laskowski, Richard Olejnik, Umberto Scafuri, Ernesto Tarantino, and Marek Tudruj

Studying the Reporting Cells Planning with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II...... 63 Víctor Berrocal-Plaza, Miguel A. Vega-Rodríguez, and Juan M. Sánchez-Pérez

Impact of the Topology on the Performance of Distributed Differential Evolution...... 75 Ivanoe De Falco, Antonio Della Cioppa, Domenico Maisto, Umberto Scafuri, and Ernesto Tarantino

Modeling the Offloading of Different Types of Mobile Applications by Using Evolutionary Algorithms ...... 86 Gianluigi Folino and Francesco S. Pisani

EvoCOMPLEX

Common Developmental Genomes Revisited – Evolution Through Adaptation ...... 101 Konstantinos Antonakopoulos XXII Contents

Investigation of Genome Parameters and Sub-transitions to Guide Evolution of Artificial Cellular Organisms ...... 113 Stefano Nichele, Håkon Hjelde Wold, and Gunnar Tufte

Training Complex Decision Support Systems with Differential Evolution Enhanced by Locally Linear Embedding ...... 125 Piotr Lipinski

A Memetic Framework for Solving Difficult Inverse Problems ...... 138 Maciej Smołka and Robert Schaefer

EvoENERGY

Customizable Energy Management in Smart Buildings Using Evolutionary Algorithms...... 153 Florian Allerding, Ingo Mauser, and Hartmut Schmeck

Dynamic Programming Based Metaheuristic for Energy Planning Problems. . . 165 Sophie Jacquin, Laetitia Jourdan, and El-Ghazali Talbi

Looking for Alternatives: Optimization of Energy Supply Systems without Superstructure ...... 177 Mike Preuss, Philip Voll, André Bardow, and Günter Rudolph

Multi-material Compositional Pattern-Producing Networks for Form Optimisation...... 189 Ralph Evins, Ravi Vaidyanathan, and Stuart Burgess

EvoFIN

On Evolving Multi-agent FX Traders ...... 203 Alexander Loginov and Malcolm I. Heywood

Geometric Semantic Genetic Programming for Financial Data ...... 215 James McDermott, Alexandros Agapitos, Anthony Brabazon, and Michael O’Neill

On PBIL, DE and PSO for Optimization of Reinsurance Contracts...... 227 Omar Andrés Carmona Cortes, Andrew Rau-Chaplin, Duane Wilson, and Jürgen Gaiser-Porter

Algebraic Level-Set Approach for the Segmentation of Financial Time Series . . . 239 Rita Palivonaite, Kristina Lukoseviciute, and Minvydas Ragulskis

Dynamic Index Trading Using a Gene Regulatory Network Model...... 251 Miguel Nicolau, Michael O’Neill, and Anthony Brabazon Contents XXIII

Analysis of Dynamic Properties of Stock Market Trading Experts Optimized with an Evolutionary Algorithm ...... 264 Krzysztof Michalak

A Comparative Study on the Use of Classification Algorithms in Financial Forecasting...... 276 Fernando E.B. Otero and Michael Kampouridis

Pattern Mining in Ultra-High Frequency Order Books with Self-Organizing Maps ...... 288 Piotr Lipinski and Anthony Brabazon

EvoGAMES

Multi-Criteria Comparison of Coevolution and Temporal Difference Learning on Othello ...... 301 Wojciech Jas´kowski, Marcin Szubert, and Paweł Liskowski

Evolving Evil: Optimizing Flocking Strategies Through Genetic Algorithms for the Ghost Team in the Game of Ms. Pac-Man ...... 313 Federico Liberatore, Antonio M. Mora, Pedro A. Castillo, and Juan Julián Merelo Guervós

Procedural Content Generation Using Patterns as Objectives ...... 325 Steve Dahlskog and Julian Togelius

Micro and Macro Lemmings Simulations Based on Ants Colonies ...... 337 Antonio González-Pardo, Fernando Palero, and David Camacho

Fast Evolutionary Adaptation for Monte Carlo Tree Search ...... 349 Simon M. Lucas, Spyridon Samothrakis, and Diego Pérez

Automatic Camera Control: A Dynamic Multi-Objective Perspective ...... 361 Paolo Burelli and Mike Preuss

Co-Evolutionary Optimization of Autonomous Agents in a Real-Time Strategy Game ...... 374 Antonio Fernández-Ares, Antonio M. Mora, Maribel García-Arenas, Juan Julián Merelo Guervós, Pablo García-Sánchez, and Pedro A. Castillo

Sharing Information in Adversarial Bandit...... 386 David L. St-Pierre and Olivier Teytaud

The Structure of a Probabilistic 1-State Transducer Representation for Prisoner’s Dilemma ...... 399 Jeffrey Tsang XXIV Contents

Tree Depth Influence in Genetic Programming for Generation of Competitive Agents for RTS Games ...... 411 Pablo García-Sánchez, Antonio Fernández-Ares, Antonio M. Mora, Pedro A. Castillo, Jesús González, and Juan Julián Merelo Guervós

EvoHOT

Diagnostic Test Generation for Statistical Bug Localization Using Evolutionary Computation ...... 425 Marco Gaudesi, Maksim Jenihhin, Jaan Raik, Ernesto Sanchez, Giovanni Squillero, Valentin Tihhomirov, and Raimund Ubar

EvoIASP

Evolutionary Algorithm for Dense Pixel Matching in Presence of Distortions. . . 439 Ana Carolina dos-Santos-Paulino, Jean-Christophe Nebel, and Francisco Flórez-Revuelta

Is a Single Image Sufficient for Evolving Edge Features by Genetic Programming? ...... 451 Wenlong Fu, Mark Johnston, and Mengjie Zhang

Improving Graph-Based Image Segmentation Using Automatic Programming . . . 464 Lars Vidar Magnusson and Roland Olsson

New Representations in PSO for Feature Construction in Classification . . . . 476 Yan Dai, Bing Xue, and Mengjie Zhang

GPU-Based Point Cloud Recognition Using Evolutionary Algorithms ...... 489 Roberto Ugolotti, Giorgio Micconi, Jacopo Aleotti, and Stefano Cagnoni

A New Binary Particle Swarm Optimisation Algorithm for Feature Selection. . . 501 Bing Xue, Su Nguyen, and Mengjie Zhang

Adaptive Genetic Algorithm to Select Training Data for Support Vector Machines...... 514 Jakub Nalepa and Michal Kawulok

Automatic Selection of GA Parameters for Fragile Watermarking ...... 526 Marco Botta, Davide Cavagnino, and Victor Pomponiu

Classification of Potential Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Through Automatic Knowledge Extraction by Means of Differential Evolution ...... 538 Ivanoe De Falco Contents XXV

EvoINDUSTRY

Reducing the Number of Simulations in Operation Strategy Optimization for Hybrid Electric Vehicles...... 553 Christopher Bacher, Thorsten Krenek, and Günther R. Raidl

Hybridisation Schemes for Communication Satellite Payload Configuration Optimisation...... 565 Apostolos Stathakis, Grégoire Danoy, El-Ghazali Talbi, Pascal Bouvry, and Gianluigi Morelli

EvoNUM

A Novel Genetic Algorithmic Approach for Computing Real Roots of a Nonlinear Equation ...... 579 Vijaya Lakshmi V. Nadimpalli, Rajeev Wankar, and Raghavendra Rao Chillarige

A Multi-Objective Relative Clustering Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Local/Global Search Based on Genetic Relatedness ...... 591 Iman Gholaminezhad and Giovanni Iacca

Noisy Optimization: Convergence with a Fixed Number of Resamplings . . . 603 Marie-Liesse Cauwet

A Differential Evolution Framework with Ensemble of Parameters and Strategies and Pool of Local Search Algorithms ...... 615 Giovanni Iacca, Ferrante Neri, Fabio Caraffini, and Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan

An Improved Multiobjective Electromagnetism-like Mechanism Algorithm . . . 627 Pedro Carrasqueira, Maria João Alves, and Carlos Henggeler Antunes

Objective Dimension and Problem Structure in Multiobjective Optimization Problems ...... 639 Ramprasad Joshi, Bharat Deshpande, and Paritosh Gote

EvoPAR

Hybrid MPI/OpenMP Parallel Evolutionary Algorithms for Vehicle Routing Problems ...... 653 Raul Baños, Julio Ortega, and Consolación Gil

Dynamic and Partially Connected Ring Topologies for Evolutionary Algorithms with Structured Populations ...... 665 Carlos M. Fernandes, Juan L.J. Laredo, Juan Julián Merelo Guervós, Carlos Cotta, and Agostinho C. Rosa XXVI Contents

Systolic Genetic Search for Software Engineering: The Test Suite Minimization Case ...... 678 Martín Pedemonte, Francisco Luna, and Enrique Alba

Optimization of Application Placement Towards a Greener Cloud Infrastructure ...... 690 Tania Lorido-Botran, Jose Antonio Pascual, Jose Miguel-Alonso, and Jose Antonio Lozano

GridVis: Visualisation of Island-Based Parallel Genetic Algorithms ...... 702 Evelyne Lutton, Hugo Gilbert, Waldo Cancino, Benjamin Bach, Pierre Parrend, and Pierre Collet

Automated Framework for General-Purpose Genetic Algorithms in FPGAs . . . 714 Liucheng Guo, David B. Thomas, and Wayne Luk

Unreliable Heterogeneous Workers in a Pool-Based Evolutionary Algorithm . . . 726 Mario García-Valdez, Juan Julián Merelo Guervós, and Francisco Fernández de Vega

EvoRISK

Hyper-Heuristics for Online UAV Path Planning Under Imperfect Information ...... 741 Engin Akar, Haluk Rahmi Topcuoglu, and Murat Ermis

Searching for Risk in Large Complex Spaces...... 753 Kester Clegg and Rob Alexander

EvoROBOT

Speeding Up Online Evolution of Robotic Controllers with Macro-Neurons. . . 765 Fernando Silva, Luís Correia, and Anders Lyhne Christensen

HyperNEAT Versus RL PoWER for Online Gait Learning in Modular Robots. . . 777 Massimiliano D’Angelo, Berend Weel, and A.E. Eiben

What You Choose to See Is What You Get: An Experiment with Learnt Sensory Modulation in a Robotic Foraging Task ...... 789 Tiago Rodrigues, Miguel Duarte, Sancho Oliveira, and Anders Lyhne Christensen Contents XXVII

EvoSTOC

Co-evolution of Sensory System and Signal Processing for Optimal Wing Shape Control ...... 805 Olga Smalikho and Markus Olhofer

Infeasibility Driven Evolutionary Algorithm with Feed-Forward Prediction Strategy for Dynamic Constrained Optimization Problems...... 817 Patryk Filipiak and Piotr Lipinski

Identifying the Robust Number of Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles in Container Terminals ...... 829 Shayan Kavakeb, Trung Thanh Nguyen, Zaili Yang, and Ian Jenkinson

A Multi-objective Evolutionary Approach for Cloud Service Provider Selection Problems with Dynamic Demands ...... 841 Hsin-Kai Chen, Cheng-Yuan Lin, and Jian-Hung Chen

An Object-Oriented Library in JavaScript to Build Modular and Flexible Cross-Platform Evolutionary Algorithms ...... 853 Víctor M. Rivas, Juan Julián Merelo Guervós, Gustavo Romero López, Maribel García-Arenas, and Antonio M. Mora

EvoBIO

What Do We Learn from Network-Based Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Data? ...... 865 Marzieh Ayati, Sinan Erten, and Mehmet Koyutürk

Benefits of Accurate Imputations in GWAS...... 877 Shefali S. Verma, Peggy Peissig, Deanna Cross, Carol Waudby, Murray Brilliant, Catherine A. McCarty, and Marylyn D. Ritchie

Genotype Correlation Analysis Reveals Pathway-Based Functional Disequilibrium and Potential Epistasis in the Human Interactome...... 890 William S. Bush and Jonathan L. Haines

Determining Positions Associated with Drug Resistance on HIV-1 Proteins: A Computational Approach ...... 902 Gonzalo Nápoles, Isel Grau, Ricardo Pérez-García, and Rafael Bello

GPMS: A Genetic Programming Based Approach to Multiple Alignment of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Data ...... 915 Soha Ahmed, Mengjie Zhang, and Lifeng Peng XXVIII Contents

An Integrated Analysis of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and Genetic Variants Underlying Etoposide-Induced Cytotoxicity in European and African Populations...... 928 Ruowang Li, Dokyoon Kim, Scott M. Dudek, and Marylyn D. Ritchie

Replication of SCN5A Associations with Electrocardiographic Traits in African Americans from Clinical and Epidemiologic Studies ...... 939 Janina M. Jeff, Kristin Brown-Gentry, Robert Goodloe, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Joshua C. Denny, Abel N. Kho, Loren L. Armstrong, Bob McClellan Jr., Ping Mayo, Melissa Allen, Hailing Jin, Niloufar B. Gillani, Nathalie Schnetz-Boutaud, Holli H. Dilks, Melissa A. Basford, Jennifer A. Pacheco, Gail P. Jarvik, Rex L. Chisholm, Dan M. Roden, M. Geoffrey Hayes, and Dana C. Crawford

General Track

An Effective Nurse Scheduling by a Parameter Free Cooperative GA...... 955 Makoto Ohki and Satoru Kishida

Author Index ...... 967