DOCSLIB.ORG

Bridging Cognitive and Neuropsychological Measures of Attention

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bridging Cognitive and Neuropsychological Measures of Attention Treviño et al. Cogn. Research (2021) 6:51 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00313-1 Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access How do we measure attention? Using factor analysis to establish construct validity of neuropsychological tests Melissa Treviño1* , Xiaoshu Zhu2, Yi Yi Lu3,4, Luke S. Scheuer3,4, Eliza Passell3,4, Grace C. Huang2, Laura T. Germine3,4 and Todd S. Horowitz1 Abstract We investigated whether standardized neuropsychological tests and experimental cognitive paradigms measure the same cognitive faculties. Specifcally, do neuropsychological tests commonly used to assess attention measure the same construct as attention paradigms used in cognitive psychology and neuroscience? We built on the “general attention factor”, comprising several widely used experimental paradigms (Huang et al., 2012). Participants (n 636) completed an on-line battery (TestMyBrain.org) of six experimental tests [Multiple Object Tracking, Flanker Interfer= - ence, Visual Working Memory, Approximate Number Sense, Spatial Confguration Visual Search, and Gradual Onset Continuous Performance Task (Grad CPT)] and eight neuropsychological tests [Trail Making Test versions A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B), Digit Symbol Coding, Forward and Backward Digit Span, Letter Cancellation, Spatial Span, and Arithmetic]. Exploratory factor analysis in a subset of 357 participants identifed a fve-factor structure: (1) attentional capac- ity (Multiple Object Tracking, Visual Working Memory, Digit Symbol Coding, Spatial Span), (2) search (Visual Search, TMT-A, TMT-B, Letter Cancellation); (3) Digit Span; (4) Arithmetic; and (5) Sustained Attention (GradCPT). Confrmatory analysis in 279 held-out participants showed that this model ft better than competing models. A hierarchical model where a general cognitive factor was imposed above the fve specifc factors ft as well as the model without the gen- eral factor. We conclude that Digit Span and Arithmetic tests should not be classifed as attention tests. Digit Symbol Coding and Spatial Span tap attentional capacity, while TMT-A, TMT-B, and Letter Cancellation tap search (or attention- shifting) ability. These fve tests can be classifed as attention tests. Signifcance statement we do not understand the relationship between existing Assessment of cognitive function in clinical popula- neuropsychological tests and widely used cognitive para- tions, for both clinical and research purposes, is primar- digms. Te goal of this paper is to begin to address this ily based on standardized neuropsychological testing. problem, using factor analysis tools to map the relation- However, this approach is limited as a clinical research ships, specifcally in the domain of attention. Our results tool due to two major issues: sensitivity and construct should provide guidance for which neuropsychological validity. Deriving new measures based on contempo- tests should be classifed as attention tests, and hopefully rary work in cognitive psychology and cognitive neu- provide inspiration for the development of new clinical roscience could help to solve these problems. However, assessments based on experimental attention paradigms. Furthermore, we hope we have provided a template for other researchers to explore the connections between *Correspondence: [email protected] cognitive paradigms and neuropsychological tests in 1 Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, National Cancer domains beyond attention. By bringing these felds closer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article together, we can improve our scientifc understanding of © The Author(s) 2021. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creat iveco mmons. org/ licen ses/ by/4. 0/. Treviño et al. Cogn. Research (2021) 6:51 Page 2 of 26 cognition, and ultimately improve the welfare of people problem is a major limitation (McFall, 2005; McFall & who sufer from cognitive disorders and defcits. Townsend, 1998), and poses a general challenge to inte- grating neuropsychological research with cognitive neu- Introduction roscience (Horowitz et al., 2019). Assessing cognitive functioning across the gamut of In contrast to the neuropsychological tradition, experi- health and mental health conditions has traditionally mental paradigms (“paradigms” rather than “tests”, relied on standardized neuropsychological test batteries because there is no standard version; Kessels, 2019) in (Foti et al., 2017; Helmstaedter et al., 2003; Meade et al., basic cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience 2018; Vives et al., 2015). However, this approach may are explicitly created to test theoretical models of spe- be reaching its limits as a clinical research tool in many cifc cognitive functions and operations. Experimental felds, due to two major issues: sensitivity and construct paradigms often have internal manipulations that allow validity (Bilder & Reise, 2019; Horowitz et al., 2018; How- for separations of subcomponent processes. Consider ieson, 2019; Kessels, 2019; Marcopulos & Łojek, 2019; the visual search paradigm, in which observers search Parsons & Dufeld, 2019). We and others have proposed through N items to fnd a target (e.g., search for the T that deriving new measures based on contemporary among Ls). Instead of looking at the overall response work in cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience time, the experimenter computes the slope of the regres- could help to solve these problems (Carter & Barch, 2007; sion line for response time as a function of N to yield a Horowitz et al., 2018). However, we currently do not pure search rate, independent of perceptual, response, understand the relationship between existing neuropsy- and motor stages (Sternberg, 1966). Similarly, in the Erik- chological tests and widely used cognitive paradigms. sen fanker paradigm (Eriksen & Eriksen, 1974) partici- Te goal of this paper is to begin to address this prob- pants see three letters, and are asked to give one response lem, using factor analysis tools to map the relationships. if the central letter belongs to one category (e.g., X or Specifcally, we will address the attention domain, which T) and another response if it belongs to another (e.g., was the most frequently assessed cognitive domain in our O or C). If the two fanking letters come from the same survey of cancer-related cognitive impairment studies category as the target (e.g., X T X, compatible trial), (Horowitz et al., 2019). responses are typically faster than when they come from Many neuropsychological tests were originally diferent categories (e.g., X C X, incompatible). Te pri- designed to diagnose severe cognitive difculties (e.g., mary dependent measure is again not overall response resulting from stroke). As a result, they tend to lack sen- time, but the incompatible-compatible diference score, sitivity to the less severe, and often more difuse cogni- which provides a measure of the strength of interference tive difculties encountered by many clinical populations from incompatible responses. Tis sort of logic is rare in (Nelson & Suls, 2013). Tis insensitivity may contribute neuropsychological tests, perhaps in part because they to the widely observed lack of correlation between objec- have been largely administered, even now, as paper-and- tive neuropsychological tests and patients’ subjective pencil tests. Consider the Trail Making Test (Partington reports of their own cognitive problems (Jenkins et al., & Leiter, 1949), in which participants are asked to con- 2006; Srisurapanont et al., 2017). nect a sequence of digits in order (1, 2, 3, etc., version Neuropsychological tests tend to be developed from a A) or alternate between digits and letters (1, A, 2, B, etc., practical rather than a theoretical standpoint, and often version B). Te score for each version is overall com- tap multiple cognitive abilities in a single test (Sohlberg pletion time. Tis score confates search ability, motor & Mateer, 1989). Tis means that it is often difcult to function, and executive function into a single score. As know exactly what cognitive faculties are being measured with the Digit Symbol Coding test, this makes the Trail by a given test (Kessels, 2019; Schmidt et al., 1994). Te Making Test sensitive to a wide range of defcits, which Digit Symbol Coding test, for example, is a widely used contributes to its popularity (along with the fact that it neuropsychological test that is variously held to measure is not proprietary), while making the results difcult to attention, psychomotor speed, working memory, pro- interpret (Kessels, 2019) though several groups have cessing speed, and executive function (Horowitz et al., attempted to decompose Trail Making
Load more

Recommended publications
  • List of Psychological Tests Material Was Prepared for Use As an Aid in Handling Requests for Psychological Testing
    List of Psychological Tests Material was prepared for use as an aid in handling requests for psychological testing. The minutes allocated for each test include administration, scoring and write up. Determination of the medical necessity of psychological tests always requires consideration of the clinical facts of the specific case to assure that tests given are a cost-effective means of determining the appropriate treatment for the individual patient and are related to the diagnosis and treatment of covered mental health conditions. INSTRUMENT TYPE AGE MINUT COMMENTS ES 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16-PF) Personality 16+ 30 35-60 min per Tests in Print for admin time only ABEL Screen Sexual Interest Adol + 120 Primarily forensic in nature: may not be covered Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment 60 Preschool Module Behav Rating Scale 1.5-5 10 Caregiver-Teacher Report Form Behav Rating Scale 1.5-5 10 Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Behav Rating Scale 1.5-5 15 Teacher Report Form Behav Rating Scale 6-18 20 Youth Self-Report (YSR) Behav Rating Scale 11-18 20 ACTeERS-ADD-H Comprehensive, Teachers Rating Scale Behav Rating Scale 5 – 13 15 Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS II) Behav Rating Scale 0-89 30 Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) Developmental 3-18 30 ADHD Rating Scale Behav Rating Scale 4 – 18 15 Adolescent Anger Rating Scale Behav Rating Scale 11-19 15 Adolescent Apperception Cards Projective Personality 12 – 19 60 Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL) Behav Rating Scale 18-89 30 Admin. Time 20 min. + 10 min. for scoring, interpretation, write up. Adolescent Psychopathology Scale Personality Child-adult 60 Alzheimer’s Quick Test (AQT) Neuro Adult 10 Amen System Checklist Behav Rating Scale Adult 15 Animal Naming Neuro Child-adult 10 Aphasia Screening Test (Reitan Indiana) Neuro 5+ 30 Asperger’s Syndrome Diagnostic Scales (ASDS) Rating scale 5-18 20 Attention Deficit Disorder Eval.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Symptom Validity Assessment in European Countries: Development and State of The
    Clínica y Salud ISSN: 1130-5274 [email protected] Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid España Merten, Thomas; Dandachi-FitzGerald, Brechje; Hall, Vicki; Schmand, Ben A.; Santamaría, Pablo; González-Ordi, Héctor Symptom validity assessment in European countries: Development and state of the art Clínica y Salud, vol. 24, núm. 3, noviembre, 2013, pp. 129-138 Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=180628831001 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Clínica y Salud 24 (2013) 129-138 Vol. 24, No. 3, Noviembre 2013 ISSN: 1130-5274 Clínica y Salud Investigación Empírica en Psicología Número monográfico Evaluación de la simulación y la validez de los síntomas en el ámbito clínico Special Issue Symptom Validity Assessment and Malingering in Clinical Contexts Director/Editor Héctor González Ordi Clínica y Salud Directores Asociados/Associate Editors Mª Isabel Casado Morales Mª Xesús Froján Parga Mª Eugenia Olivares Crespo Miguel Ángel Pérez Nieto Viente Prieto Cabras Mª Fe Rodríguez Muñoz Pablo Santamaría Fernández Albert Sesé Abad www.elsevier.es/clysa Clinical and Health Journal of Empirical Research in Psychology Symptom validity assessment in European countries: Development and state of the art Thomas Mertena*, Brechje Dandachi-FitzGeraldb,
    [Show full text]
  • Comparing Methods to Evaluate Cognitive Deficits in Commercial Airline Pilots
    Comparing Methods to Evaluate Cognitive Deficits in Commercial Airline Pilots Joshua Potocko, MD/MPH UCSF Occupational and Environmental Medicine Residency 30 Min Background Philosophy Scope Comparisons Evidence Review: Example Questions for the Group BACKGROUND LCDR Joshua R. Potocko, MC (FS/FMF), USN “The views expressed in this presentation reflect the results of research conducted by the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the United States Government.” Potocko’s 6 Proclamations: Certain baseline cognitive functions decline with age. Within an individual, these declines are difficult to predict. Between individuals, different types of decline are variable. Understanding the following are critically important to aviation safety: Age-related declines Temporary disturbances in cognitive function, Stable (or progressive) baseline disturbances due to injury, illness, disease, medication, and substance use. When does cognitive dysfunction become unsafe? Cognitive Function Typical, Normal, Adequate, Average Cognitive Inefficiency Circadian, Fatigue, Mood, Stress Cognitive Deficiency Injury, Illness, Meds, Substances Cognitive Disability Above plus regulatory decisions => requires safety factor Baseline New Baseline Unfit Period Injury Illness Meds Baseline Progressive Decline Age XX? Permanently Unfit Disease? PHILOSOPHY Research Question: What is the “best” way to evaluate cognitive deficits in airline pilots? Best: historical? expert opinion?...or
    [Show full text]
  • The Neuropsychological Profile of Professional Action Video Game Players
    The neuropsychological profile of professional action video game players Julie Justine Benoit1,2, Eugenie Roudaia3, Taylor Johnson4, Trevor Love4 and Jocelyn Faubert2 1 Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada 2 Faubert Lab, École d'Optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada 3 Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 4 Infinite Esports and Entertainment, Frisco, TX, United-States ABSTRACT In the past 20 years, there has been growing research interest in the association between video games and cognition. Although many studies have found that video game players are better than non-players in multiple cognitive domains, other studies failed to replicate these results. Until now, the vast majority of studies defined video game players based on the number of hours an individual spent playing video games, with relatively few studies focusing on video game expertise using performance criteria. In the current study, we sought to examine whether individuals who play video games at a professional level in the esports industry differ from amateur video game players in their cognitive and learning abilities. We assessed 14 video game players who play in a competitive league (Professional) and 16 casual video game players (Amateur) on set of standard neuropsychological tests evaluating processing speed, attention, memory, executive functions, and manual dexterity. We also examined participants' ability to improve performance on a dynamic visual attention task that required tracking multiple objects in three-dimensions (3D-MOT) over five sessions. Professional players showed the largest performance advantage relative to Amateur players in a test of visual spatial memory (Spatial Span), with more modest benefits in a test of selective and sustained attention (d2 Test of Attention), and test of auditory working memory (Digit Span).
    [Show full text]
  • List of Neuropsychological and Psychological Tests.Xlsx
    List of Neuropsychological and Psychological Tests *includes administration, scoring, interpretation and report writing* Instrument Type Age Minutes* Comments Achenbach system of Empirically Based Assessment Behavior Rating Scale 1.5‐18 60 May not be covered as stand‐alone measure ACTeERS‐ADD‐H Comprehensive, Teacher rating scale Behavior Rating Scale 3‐18 15 May not be covered as it is rating scale for ADHD Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS II) Behavior Rating Scale 0‐89 30 Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) Developmental 3‐18 30 ADHD Rating Scale ADHD 4‐18 15 ADHD Adolescent Anger Rating Scale Behavior Rating Scale 11‐19 15 Adolescent Apperception Cards Projective Personality 12‐19 60 Admin. Time 20 min. + 10 min. for scoring, Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL) Behavior Rating Scale 18‐89 30 interpretation, write up Adolescent Psychopathology Scale Personality child‐adult 60 Alzheimer's Quick Test (AQT) Neuropsychological Adult 10 Primarily neuropsychological testing Amen System Checklist Behavior Rating Scale Adult 15 Animal Naming Neuropsychological child‐adult 10 Primarily neuropsychological testing Aphasia Screening Test (Reiten Indiana) Neuropsychological 5+ 30 Primarily neuropsychological testing Asperger's Syndrome Diagnostic Scales (ASDS) ASD Rating Scale 5‐18 20 Attention Deficit Disorder Eval. Scales (ADDES) Behavior Rating Scale 5‐18 15 ADHD Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Test (ADHDT) Behavior Rating Scale 3‐23 10 ADHD Attention Deficit Scales for Adults Behavior Rating Scale 17+ 15 ADHD Auditory Consonant Trigram
    [Show full text]
  • Cognitive Performance in an Extreme Case of Anorexia
    Hemmingsen et al. BMC Psychiatry (2020) 20:284 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02701-1 CASE REPORT Open Access Case report: cognitive performance in an extreme case of anorexia nervosa with a body mass index of 7.7 Simone Daugaard Hemmingsen1,2,3,4,5* , Mia Beck Lichtenstein6,7 , Alia Arif Hussain8,9 , Jan Magnus Sjögren8,9 and René Klinkby Støving1,2,3,4,5 Abstract Background: Studies show that adult patients with anorexia nervosa display cognitive impairments. These impairments may be caused by illness-related circumstances such as low weight. However, the question is whether there is a cognitive adaptation to enduring undernutrition in anorexia nervosa. To our knowledge, cognitive performance has not been assessed previously in a patient with anorexia nervosa with a body mass index as low as 7.7 kg/m2. Case presentation: We present the cognitive profile of a 35-year-old woman with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa who was diagnosed at the age of 10 years. She was assessed with a broad neuropsychological test battery three times during a year. Her body mass index was 8.4, 9.3, and 7.7 kg/m2, respectively. Her general memory performance was above the normal range and she performed well on verbal and design fluency tasks. Her working memory and processing speed were within the normal range. However, her results on cognitive flexibility tasks (set-shifting) were below the normal range. Conclusions: The case study suggests that it is possible to perform normally cognitively despite extreme and chronic malnutrition though set-shifting ability may be affected.
    [Show full text]
  • Do the Stimulant Medications Improve Neuropsychological Performance of College Students with ADHD?
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2010 Do the stimulant medications improve neuropsychological performance of college students with ADHD? Chunqiao Luo Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Luo, Chunqiao, "Do the stimulant medications improve neuropsychological performance of college students with ADHD?" (2010). LSU Master's Theses. 3405. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3405 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DO THE STIMULANT MEDICATIONS IMPROVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH ADHD? A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The Department of Psychology by Chunqiao Luo B.S., Sun Yat-sen University, 2007 May 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………….iii INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………1 History of ADHD…………………….........................................................................1 Laboratory Evaluation of Symptoms…………………………………………...…...1 Clinical Assessment………………………………………………………………….2
    [Show full text]
  • Neurocognitive and Psychosocial Outcomes in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treated with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
    NEUROCOGNITIVE AND PSYCHOSOCIAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA TREATED WITH CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE by Esther Yuet Ying Lau Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia June 2008 © Copyright by Esther Yuet Ying Lau, 2008 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-43943-2 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-43943-2 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Seattle Washington, USA Sheraton Seattle Hotel
    International Neuropsychological Society 42nd Annual Meeting February 12-15, 2014 Translating Evidence into Practice Seattle Washington, USA Sheraton Seattle Hotel KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 12 Update on Acute Effects and Early A Social Neuroscience Perspective Clinical Trials of Behavioral Recovery After Mild TBI: Lessons on Adolescent Risk-Taking Interventions in Neurologic Patients: Toward the Development of a from Sports Concussion Laurence Steinberg, Ph.D. Developing Evidence Rehabilitation Treatment Taxonomy: Michael McCrea, Ph.D. Chaired by Sureyya Dikmen, Ph.D. A Conceptual Framework John Whyte, M.D., Ph.D. Ecologically Valid Methods of FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 14 Traumatic Brain Injury – Assessment in Neuropsychology. The Challenge to Improve Outcome Why is Autism More Common Chaired by Deirdre Dawson, Ph.D. Jennie Ponsford, Ph.D. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 13 in Males? Simon Baron-Cohen, Ph.D. Mild Cognitive Best Practices for Enhancing Cognitive Recovery: Restoration, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 15 Impairment Comes of Age Age-Related Memory Decline: Compensation, and Can We Tell Glenn Smith, Ph.D. New insights from Imaging, Sifting Through the Smoke: the Difference? Genetics, and Biomarkers Uncovering the Impact of Marijuana Featured Debate Hemodynamic Factors Underlying Andrew Saykin, Psy.D. Use on Neurocognition the Pathogenesis and Clinical Chaired by Raul Gonzalez, Ph.D. Expression of Alzheimer’s Disease Angela Jefferson, Ph.D. International Neuropsychological Society 700 Ackerman Road, Suite 625 • Columbus, Ohio 43202 Phone: 614-263-4200 • Fax: 614-263-4366 • Email: [email protected] • www.the-ins.org Performance You Can See & Hear Coming Early Spring Evaluate attention disorders and neurological functioning with the Conners Continuous Performance Tests, now with both visual and auditory attention assessments.
    [Show full text]
  • A Prospective Comparison of Perioperative Embolization and Neuropsychological Outcome in Patients with Carotid Stenosis Treated
    A prospective comparison of perioperative embolization and neuropsychological outcome in patients with carotid stenosis treated by carotid endarterectomy versus carotid stenting with distal filter protection or flow reversal Maarten Plessers Doctoral thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements to obtain the degree of ‘Doctor in Medical Sciences’ Ghent University 2016 ©2016 Maarten Plessers Universiteit Gent, Belgium This work was supported by a predoctoral Research Grant from the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO, Belgium) to M.P and by an FWO Research Grant to F.V (3G019009). Alle rechten voorbehouden. Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd, opgeslagen in een geautomatiseerd gegevensbestand of openbaar gemaakt, op welke wijze dan ook, zonder de uitdrukkelijke voorafgaande en schriftelijke toestemming van de auteur. All rights preserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced in any form by print, photo print, microfilm, electronic or any other means without written permission from the author. 2 Members of the Doctoral Guidance Committee Promotor Prof. Dr. Guy Vingerhoets Department of Experimental Psychology Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences Ghent University Co-promotor Prof. Dr. Frank Vermassen Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Hospital Members of the guidance committee Prof. Dr. Isabelle Van Herzeele Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Hospital Dr. Nathalie Stroobant Members of the Examination Committee Prof. Dr. G.J. de Borst, University Medical Centre Utrecht Prof. Dr. V. De Herdt, Ghent University Prof. Dr. L. Defreyne, Ghent University Prof. Dr. W. Fias, Ghent University Dr. E. Lannoo, Ghent University Hospital Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • National Academy of Neuropsychology Abstracts from the 25Th Annual Meeting, Tampa, Florida October 19–22, 2005 Convention Abst
    Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 20 (2005) 805–950 Abstracts National Academy of Neuropsychology Abstracts from the 25th Annual Meeting, Tampa, Florida October 19–22, 2005 Convention Abstracts Accepted under the Guest Editorship of T. Andrew Zabel (PhD) Kennedy Krieger Institute John Hopkins University School of Medicine Members of the 2005 NAN Poster Program Committee: John Bayless E. Mark Mahone Leigh Beglinger Roy Martin Lynn Blackburn Thomas Martin Jeffrey Browndyke Stephen Moelter Thomas Burns Judith O’Jile Shane Bush Cynthia Salorio Kevin Duff Mark Sandberg David Erlanger Mike Schoenberg Phillip Fastenau Mark Sherer Tania Giovannetti Matthew Thompson Frank Hillary Rodney Vanderploeg Paul Jones Frank Webbe Carrie Kennedy Timothy Wynkoop Gregory Lee Assistant to the Editor Christopher Vaughan 0887-6177/$ – see front matter doi:10.1016/j.acn.2005.06.001 806 Abstracts / Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 20 (2005) 805–950 ADULT GRAND ROUNDS Moderator: Rick Naugle AGR1 Reversible frontotemporal dementia: verbal fluency content says it all Walker LA, de Meulemeester C A 55-year-old gentleman (M.M.) presented with the cognitive and behavioural profile typically observed in frontotemporal dementia in the context of a diagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Objective: Our goal is to expand upon the only other case report in the literature with this presentation of SIH (Hong et al., 2002), particularly with regard to useful assessment tools, and to illustrate that early diagnosis and treatment can hasten and maximize recovery of cognitive functions. Method: M.M. was healthy until 8 weeks prior to admission to the Neurology in-patient service. Symptoms then included severe orthostatic headache, as well as cognitive and personality changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Processing Underpinnings of Executive Functions Across Adulthood: the Interplay of Cognitive Control and Inhibition
    Imagem Luís Miguel da Silva Pires PROCESSING UNDERPINNINGS OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS ACROSS ADULTHOOD: THE INTERPLAY OF COGNITIVE CONTROL AND INHIBITION Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia, na especialidade de Neuropsicologia, sob orientação do Professor Doutor José Augusto Simões Gonçalves Leitão, da Professora Doutora Chiara Guerrini e do Professor Doutor Mário Manuel Rodrigues Simões, apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra Julho 2017 0 Luís Miguel da Silva Pires PROCESSING UNDERPINNINGS OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS ACROSS ADULTHOOD: THE INTERPLAY OF COGNITIVE CONTROL AND INHIBITION Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia, na especialidade de Neuropsicologia, orientada pelo Professor Doutor José Augusto Simões Gonçalves Leitão, pela Professora Doutora Chiara Guerrini e pelo Professor Doutor Mário Manuel Rodrigues Simões, apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra Julho de 2017 1 2 Tese de Doutoramento Título| Processing underpinnings of executive functions across adulthood: The interplay of cognitive control and inhibition. / A estrutura das Funções Executivas durante a vida adulta: relação entre o controlo cognitivo e a inibição. Ano| 2017 Autor| Luís Miguel da Silva Pires Orientação| José Augusto Simões Gonçalves Leitão; Chiara Guerrini; Mário Manuel Rodrigues Simões Domínio científico| Psicologia Área de especialização| Neuropsicologia Instituição| Universidade de Coimbra - Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação 3 4 Os trabalhos apresentados na presente Tese de Doutoramento foram realizados no âmbito de uma Bolsa Individual de Doutoramento concedida pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/70011/2010). 5 6 DEDICATÓRIA À Ana Rita, À filha Maria, … por me darem vida! 7 8 AGRADECIMENTOS Antístenes (446 - 366 a.C.), filósofo grego, escreveu um dia que “a gratidão é a memória do coração”.
    [Show full text]