Selected examples of research and applied professional experience Greg A. Shore, P.Geo. Premier Geophysics Inc., Premier Geophysics (US) Inc. 1966-2011 Shore is a Registered Professional Geoscientist (P.Geo) in Ontario and Member of Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) and Society of Mining Engineers (SME) of AIME.

HIGHLIGHT: 2011 - LINEAR E-SCAN reconnaissance with integrated needing advanced methods for difficult geophysical situations, en-route 3D anomaly resolution for deep large-scale or intense including subtle targets, complex or industrial site setting conductive targets (geothermal, uranium, IOCG, SEDEX) is conditions, extreme terrain. introduced with example field data from Nevada and British Columbia geothermal projects. 2004: Hollister area, Nevada - 3D resistivity survey mapping epithermal silicification in weathered and covered volcanic terrain located 2010: Twenty square mile E-SCAN 3D geothermal mapping in Dixie southwest of Hecla’s Hollister-area Gwenivere mine development, Valley, Nevada, Terra-Gen Power LLP. 3D imagery of hydrothermal for Geologix, , BC. plume and roots, to 2,500 metres below surface. HIGHLIGHT: 2003 – Successful mapping of structure and zoning 2009: Fifteen square mile 3D E-SCAN geothermal mapping in Buena through surficial marine clays and lake sediments. Vista Valley, Nevada, Terra-Gen Power LLP. Demonstrated new Hope Bay project, : 3D geo-electric mapping of broad area small-crew procedures and hardware developments requiring just of resource-hosting Archean lithology and structure. two field workers for the entire field geophysical program. Classic electrical-geophysics problems of masking and distortion by conductive surficial marine clays prove manageable with true 3D 2009: 3-point Schlumberger (3pS) mapping of part of the Black Warrior data acquisition and inversion processing. Large lake areas are geothermal complex. Nevada Geothermal Power Company Inc. included, requiring floating electronics to maintain a regular grid spacing through the water areas. Survey design, execution, 3D 2008: Large scale 3D E-SCAN mapping in the Central Volcanic Region, interpretation, and report to Miramar. North Island, New Zealand, two properties totaling over 40 square kilometres, for Glass Earth Gold Ltd.

2007: Large scale 3D E-SCAN mapping in Central and Mamaku Volcanic Regions, North Island, New Zealand, for epithermal gold. Steep topography, intensively developed and farmed, major infrastructure and livestock obstacles. Four properties totaling over 65 square kilometres, for Glass Earth Gold Ltd.

HIGHLIGHT: 2006 - Large scale 3D E-SCAN geothermal mapping survey in Salt Wells area, near Fallon, Nevada. Successful deep 3D imagery in conditions of <2 ohm-metres with extensive electrical noise originating at the nearby Naval Air Station. Vulcan Power Company, Bend, Oregon.

2006: 3-point Schlumberger (3pS) geothermal mapping of broad area of Salt Wells valley and Bunejug Mountains, covering many geothermal manifestations, and working in background conditions as low as <1 ohm-metre. Isolation of a number of enhanced target sub-areas for follow-up investigation. Vulcan Power Company, Bend, Oregon. Preparation for wiring the larger lake area with floating electronics (yellow- pink) and GPS positioned lake-bottom electrodes. Hope Bay area. 2006: 3-point Schlumberger (3pS) mapping of a geothermally-active Basin and Range valley. 3pS delineation and Schlumberger 2002: PAPER: Shore, G., “Multiple total field 3D DC resistivity sounding provided vertical confirmation of a low-resistivity mapping.” CIM Bulletin, v95, no 1058, Feb 2002. In 2005, CIM’s anomaly associated with Crump Geyser, Warner Valley Oregon. Barlow Memorial Medal was awarded to Shore for this paper. Probable condemnation of other valley areas through 3pS mapping. Reprints on request. Lightweight boats employed to complete survey coverage under half-frozen flood conditions. Nevada Geothermal Power Company. HIGHLIGHT: 2002 - First successful 3D resistivity mapping in the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan, near Cigar Lake. 3D geo-electric HIGHLIGHT: 2005 - 3D E-SCAN geothermal mapping in Pumpernickel images of the alteration envelopes of candidate unconformity Valley, Nevada, covering 60% moderate-to-steep range areas and uranium deposits under 500-600 metres of basin . Winter 40% flat valley. Dual grid spacings of 400m and 200m provided through-ice survey. 3D data and inversion processing eliminates very deep large-scale characterization, while retaining detailed interference from the difficult surface conditions of the region. Field resolution of linear and cross-breaking alteration patterns in the survey, 3D inversion exposed range rocks. Nevada Geothermal Power Inc. with U.S. and report to Cogema Department of Energy co-funding. Resources Inc.

HIGHLIGHT: 2005 Shore awarded CIM’s Barlow Memorial Medal True vertical section shows for best applied paper published by CIM in 2002. This alteration chimneys and the description of the evolution, application and utility of the 3D E-SCAN basement unconformity. geo-electric mapping system is available as a reprint from Shore at the contact address on this sheet. This is useful reading for persons

Greg Shore, P.Geo. Premier Geophysics Inc. 53 Duncton Wood Crescent, Aurora, ON, Canada L4G 7T4 Tel: 1 905 713 2704 e-mail: [email protected] web: www.premiergeophysics.com cv12b Shore/Premier - Selected examples of research and applied professional experience Page 2 of 7 January 2012

2000: PAPER: Shore, G., “Multiple total field 3D DC resistivity 1996: Development of an advanced suite of 3D data acquisition mapping.” CIM PDA Joint Annual Meeting, Toronto. History, instrumentation, providing superior system diagnostics and development, examples: 3D E-SCAN. additional lightning tolerance, with improved Induced Polarization data acquisition characteristics. 2000: Carlin Trend, Nevada. Large-area perspective gained on north Carlin trend 3D program. Detailed 3D E-SCAN geo-electric coverage 1995: Paradise Peak area, Nevada. 3D resistivity survey west of of over 8 sq. miles of near-desert conditions extends prior coverage Paradise Peak and County Line deposits, mapping covered ground. and confirms imagery of silica alteration zones enveloping recently Target was a Paradise Peak or County Line analog under cover. discovered high-grade gold vein structures similar to those of the Design, execution, 3D interpretation and reporting, Royal Eagle Ken Snyder mine to the north. Multiple look-alike anomalies Exploration Inc., Vancouver, BC. elsewhere and 3D images of the buried Hatter stock provide new drilling targets in the area. Great Basin Gold. HIGHLIGHT: 1995 – 3D E-SCAN sets new standards in speed and cost/effectiveness, regional mapping in desert cover. HIGHLIGHT: 1999 - “Electrically hostile” Archean surface environment Sleeper area, Nevada. Medium-wide spacing (600'x750') 3D proves no difficulty for 3D mapping. Archean environment 3D resistivity mapping of a large area on strike southwest of the Sleeper surveys, northern Quebec, Canada. Three large-scale programs in deposit, targeting similar structurally-controlled settings. Proof-of- typical Archean conditions demonstrate that the near-surface concept for high-speed, wide area, low cost 3D mapping to a mile regime which alternates conductive swamps and lakebed clays with depth. 21 sq. miles surveyed, 3D processed, interpreted, drilled resistive eskers or outcrop is no impediment to detailed 3D mapping within 90 days, completing exploration decision making before the in the district. Lake and townsite are enclosed within one survey first Federal BLM claim payment of US$180,000 came due. Legal area. 3 clients, confidential. title to claims maintained throughout. Royal Eagle Exploration Inc.

1999: Poster Session presentation, Shore, G.A., “Description and case Innovations like this gas- results: Multiple total field 3D DC resistivity mapping.” powered wire recovery system speed field operations, and 2nd International Symposium, Three-Dimensional Electromagnetics reduce manpower. The same (3D-EM2), Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, 1999. system dispenses wire at high speed, using a disc braked HIGHLIGHT: 1998 - Indirect mapping of ore setting in Carlin-type automatic damping mechanism sediments. 3D mapping in a Carlin-type sed-hosted environment to prevent backlash. tracks known gold mineralization that is spatially associated with dolomite anticlines, by accurately mapping anticline dips and offsets 1994: Goldfields area, Nevada. 3D resistivity mapping of an area on the under pervasive cover. Location, client confidential. north edge of the district, targeting typical silicic "ledge" zones. Royal Eagle Exploration Inc., Vancouver, BC. 1998: Extreme terrain in the eastern Sierras of California is mapped in 3D to show the HIGHLIGHT: 1993 - 3D E-SCAN images economic shear zones under extent of intrusive-based mineralization in a heavily industrialized minesite. Northwest Territories, Canada. 3D historic mining district. The mineralized zone E-SCAN survey of Giant Yellowknife mine site, including buildings, itself is directly imaged as an anomaly. tailings ponds, dumps. Successfully mapped all known mineralized Location, client confidential. See cover photo, zones to >750 feet below surface, in hostile geo-electric conditions, CIM paper, 2002. over an operating under- ground mine with electric HIGHLIGHT: 1998 - Dry desert blasting. Survey work operation In an area of Nevada known as was scheduled between “unsurveyable” due to contact problems with mine shifts in twice-daily pervasive deep, dry sand cover, 3D DC 4-hour periods, for safety. resistivity mapping proceeds without problems to reveal the deep Survey design, execution, underlying structural controls. Sandman (ex-BP) property, Nevada, report to Royal Oak Mines. client confidential. 1993: Territory, Canada. 3D E-SCAN resistivity survey on placer 1997: Helicopter-access rough-terrain 3D IP/resistivity mapping in the gold property, Hunker Creek, Klondike, to map resistive anomalies Yukon Territory. Base metals target. Survey design, execution, 3D in the basement rock. Design and execution, 3D inversion interpretation, report to Atna Resources Ltd. interpretation, report to Kennecott Canada.

1996: Barkerville area, British Columbia. 3D IP and resistivity survey of HIGHLIGHT: 1993 - 3D E-SCAN sub-bottom exploration through 6 feet an unknown steep area marked by prospective geochemistry, float of ice at -40 C. Northwest Territories, Canada. 3D E-SCAN IP and and limited outcrop. Detailed resolution of intersecting narrow resistivity survey over several km2 on Great Slave Lake, off Yellow- diagonal, multi-directional linears and deep-seated conductive knife. Survey through 6-8 feet of ice using bottom-placed electrodes. prisms. Survey design, execution, 3D interpretation, and report to Mapped sub-bottom structures and sulfide zones corresponding Barker Minerals. with airmag, bathymetry and prior drilling results. Survey and ice HIGHLIGHT: 1996 - 3D resistivity images the K2 ore setting, Republic technique design, survey and report to Royal Oak Mines Ltd. district, State. 3D resistivity survey over the silicic, volcanic-hosted K2 orebody to determine a 3D signature and test its viability as a regional deep-cover target type. Prior surveys were unsuccessful; the reason was clearly identified by E-SCAN imagery. Survey design, execution, 3D interpretation, forward modeling testing and report to Echo Bay Minerals Company.

Greg Shore, P.Geo. Premier Geophysics Inc. 53 Duncton Wood Crescent, Aurora, ON, Canada L4G 7T4 Tel: 1 905 713 2704 e-mail: [email protected] web: www.premiergeophysics.com

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1993 PAPER: “Concepts toward more precise location of under- HIGHLIGHT: 1991 - Previously undetected narrow high-grade ground nuclear explosions using static and time-variant 3D epithermal gold structures are mapped with regional scale 3D electrical resistivity signatures.” Workshop on seismic and non- E-SCAN survey, at regional scale costs. Toodoggone Area, BC. seismic verification of a Comprehensive Test Ban (CTB), Ottawa, Large scale 3D E-SCAN resistivity survey over the Lawyers mine 4 Feb 1993, Ministry of External Affairs and International Trade, area, including the AGB, Duke's Ridge, Cliff Creek and Silver Pond Non-proliferation, Arms Control and Disarmament Division. areas. 3D inversion of data. The survey determined the typical 3D Paper subsequently presented at General Round meeting, Geneva. geo-electric signature for all known gold deposits in the area. Using Concept: Having employed wide area E-SCAN to identify the these signatures, several 3D E-SCAN anomalies were determined to candidate blast site from surface as an unexplained resistive zone be potentially significant. (moisture is removed by underground blast effects) within the wider One of these was drilled to reveal the Phoenix deposit, a very general area identified by the international seismic array, E-SCAN high grade (>75 oz/ton Au) siliceous shear structure which was then observes (in 4D) the re-establishment of the more-conductive profitably mined. This survey illustrates: groundwater moisture regime over a period of weeks, providing a 1) the concept of calibrating expectations for an area exploration unique, un-natural process signature that is detectable long after signature using the signatures of known deposits, and initial seismic “heads-up” is registered and gone. Drill confirmation 2) a specific case of very narrow (2 metres) epithermal structures of the presence of appropriate isotopes within the so-identified being marked by larger scale alteration signatures, amenable to anomaly would provide the scientific evidence for an indictment. detection using low-cost, district-wide 3D E-SCAN mapping. Survey design, execution, interpretation and technical report for HIGHLIGHT: 1992 - The classic Borealis epithermal branching Cheni Gold Mines Inc., Vancouver, BC. signature is defined in 3D at Freedom Flats, Borealis Area, Nevada. 3D E-SCAN IP and resistivity survey over the Freedom Flats area. 3D inversion generates a map of deep sulphide-gold extension area extending laterally from the pit. This survey illustrates the capability of the 3D method to resolve a buried zone extending laterally from the twin major disturbances of the

mined-out pi t and the remaining in- situ mineralization and alteration. Survey design, execution, interpretation and report to Santa Fe Pacific Gold Corp.

1992: PAPER: Shore, G.A. and Clearwater, R.P., “Hidden anomalies: Small near-surface variations can completely mask large, deeper anomalies.” Geothermal Resources Council TRANSACTIONS, v.16, Oct. 1992. Exposure of the inadequacy of a large proportion of “key” geothermal geophysics, worldwide, over the prior 25 year period. Many areas, considered explored, may remain effectively untested.

1992: PAPER: Shore, G.A. and Clearwater, R.P., “LINEAR E-SCAN: A reconnaissance resistivity mapping system that evaluates its own anomalies en route.” Geothermal Resources Council TRANSACTIONS, v.16, Oct. 1992. The answer to the limitations of single-traverse dipole-dipole reconnaissance (above paper), by expansion of wider-area single-line capture into a full 3D evaluation of any anomaly setting, in real time.

1991: Presentation: Long-term early warning system for future geologic threats to Yucca Mountain Repository. Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Repository engineering group. Responding to a specific request from the Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Premier Geophysics presents a proposal for a 100-year (planned duration of the fast-evacuation status for stored waste) fixed-array deep (>25,000 feet) automated 3D earth resistivity monitoring installation. The system is based on E-SCAN DC resistivity and co- existent Magnetotelluric arrays for joint 3D data inversion, sharing a Toodoggone volcanic hosted epithermal gold, as 3D E-SCAN sees it. digital control and download network operated from a remote location. The system would provide early warning of changes in HIGHLIGHT: 1990 - 3D E-SCAN surveys are permitted in a BLM groundwater levels, and changes in deep structure and temperature Desert Tortoise Preserve. Zero environmental disruption, and that would signal potentially renewed volcanic activity, a threat to major reduction of drilling requirements. Imperial Valley, the repository. This proposal remains with others in the current California. Deep 3D E-SCAN induced polarization and resistivity state of administrative limbo as decisions on the implementation of survey over seven square miles of the Mojave Desert. Map a deeply the Yucca Mountain Repository continue to be deferred. buried intrusive and image the fossil plumes of hydrothermal fluids as the demarcation of silicic gold mineralization zones that

Greg Shore, P.Geo. Premier Geophysics Inc. 53 Duncton Wood Crescent, Aurora, ON, Canada L4G 7T4 Tel: 1 905 713 2704 e-mail: [email protected] web: www.premiergeophysics.com

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remained undetectable by other electrical, gravity, magnetic and 1987-1991: Premier Geophysics participates in a program of research geochemical means. Demonstration of the environmental into 3D numerical modeling of E-SCAN data sets, conducted by acceptability (BLM approval) of E-SCAN in this highly-restricted Department of Geophysics and Astronomy, University of British Class 3 Desert Tortoise habitat. Survey design, execution, Columbia, Dr. Doug Oldenburg, principal investigator. Program co- interpretation and technical reports to Bema Gold Corp., Vancouver. sponsored by Premier Geophysics Inc. and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Ottawa. HIGHLIGHT: 1990 - Silicic mushroom images in the Hollister area; a deep feeder structure is imaged. HIGHLIGHT: 1987 - Conglomerate-hosted epithermal hotspring North Carlin Trend, Nevada. Three E-SCAN induced polarization and deposit yields a 3D signature identifying the conduit breccia and resistivity surveys map deep structure and hydrothermal sulfide secondary mineralized zones. distribution in a historical cover-play. IP component assists in Graham Island, BC. 3D E-SCAN survey of the Cinola Deposit, identifying additional sulfide-related tonnage adjacent to USX including mapping of the deep breccia pipe feeder system. orebodies. In 1995 3D inversion reprocessing locates a deep feeder Calibration on orebody for purposes of designing a regional conduit oriented WNW beneath the Clementine silica-gold zone, and reconnaissance survey specification. Intensely -altered rock is another oriented NNW through Butte. These distinct patterns mark unexpectedly far more resistive than the unaltered water-saturated the mineralized system now being developed for mining by Hecla. conglomerate. Survey design, execution, interpretation and Original survey design, execution, interpretation, report to Ivanhoe technical report to City Resources (Canada) Ltd., Vancouver, BC. Gold Company, Battle Mountain, NV. HIGHLIGHT: 1987 - 3D E-SCAN IP and resistivity raw data image a 3- mile wide intrusive centre with classic hydrothermal concentric zoning. Sulfides are mapped under >700 ft of oxide, including fault-offsets. Crescent Valley, 2 miles north of Pipeline Deposit, Nevada. Three E-SCAN induced polarization and resistivity surveys mapping deep intrusive structure and hydrothermal sulphide (gold- bearing) distribution in a historical cover-play. Survey for Coral Gold Corp., Vancouver, BC.

1986: Banks Island, BC Application of high density (50' grid spacing) 3D E-SCAN induced polarization and resistivity survey on six programs for gold/sulphide mineralization in complex folded and faulted geology. Successful first use of the E-SCAN Rotary Gradient survey technique, and fast (1-hour) E-SCAN mise-a-la-masse survey. Trader Resources Ltd.

1986: PAPER: Shore, G.A. and Ryder, A.J.D., “Mapping the Makushin reservoir with 3D E-SCAN resistivity.” Geothermal Resources Council TRANSACTIONS, v.10, 1986. HIGHLIGHT: 1988-89 - The Paradise Peak siliceous orebody, the flanking Ketchup Flat orebody and buried copper sulfide HIGHLIGHT: 1986 - E-SCAN Rotary Gradient and 1-hour Mise-a-la- mineralization are imaged in a single survey sweep. masse surveys prove powerful tools in extremely disturbed Gabbs, NV. Regional scale 3D E-SCAN IP and resistivity surveys are surface conditions. Development of the Rotary Gradient and applied here as a test where other geophysical methods have failed. high-speed Mise-a- la-masse E-SCAN survey concepts, hardware The first functional adaptations, and processing software, representing fast, low-cost UBC 3D inversion acquisition of fundamentally different geo-electric data using an algorithm was applied E-SCAN system setup prior to shooting the 3D E-SCAN survey. This to 3D field data from research has led to useful field tools that have been successfully the Ketchup Flat area. applied in conditions where deep resolution is compromised by This was also the large-scale extreme resistivity variation. first deployment of full 3D E-SCAN survey HIGHLIGHT: 1984 - Comprehensive, mile-deep 3D geothermal through an operating resistivity in terrain too rough for any other technique. open pit mine, without Makushin , Unalaska Island, , - design, execution and interruption to interpretation of large scale, multi- mining. directional E-SCAN survey, to map The Paradise Peak boundaries of a known geothermal ore signature is field, and test adjacent areas for repeated in the 3D resource possibilities. Operated by mapping of the Ketchup Flat deposit a mile away, where even the helicopter in terrain conditions SW dip of the ore zone is apparent in the 3D imagery. All economic impossible for any other method, with ores in the area have a strong, blocky resistive signature. Of 5 real-time summary results presentation resistive anomalies, three were ore or prospective ore. Two were in field. Survey area 10 sq. miles; barren silicification. This is a case example, drill-supported, of the electrode spacing 1000'; slopes to >70 degrees. Technical report to strategy of identifying the true 3D geo-electric signature of known Republic Geothermal Inc., Los Angeles, CA., project engineers for the ore, then proceeding to search for similar signatures in the Alaska Power Authority and Department of Geology and Geophysics, surrounding area, effectively providing broad area condemnation at State of Alaska. Non-inverted results published in Geothermal the same time. Survey design, execution, reports to FMC Gold Resources Council, Transactions, Vol 10, 1986. Company.

Greg Shore, P.Geo. Premier Geophysics Inc. 53 Duncton Wood Crescent, Aurora, ON, Canada L4G 7T4 Tel: 1 905 713 2704 e-mail: [email protected] web: www.premiergeophysics.com

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1983: PAPER: Shore, G.A., “Application and interpretation of multiple pole-pole resistivity survey, Mt. Cayley, British Columbia.” Geothermal Resources Council TRANSACTIONS, v.7, pp 545-550. Another of the numerous technical disclosures that deliberately establishes 3D E-SCAN basics as unpatentable “prior art”.

HIGHLIGHT: 1983 - Successful proving of the new LINEAR E-SCAN extreme-depth reconnaissance traversing hardware. New Aiyansh, BC, - reconnaissance geothermal resistivity survey through recent (<200 years) volcanic flow area: first trial of LINEAR E-SCAN survey method. Technical report to Geol. Survey of Canada, published as an Open File Report.

1983: Lakelse Lake, BC. Design, execution, and interpretation of E-SCAN multiple electrode geothermal resistivity survey to analyze fluid distribution and flow dynamics in and around a hot spring system in marine clay sediments. Demonstrated the E-SCAN data set’s immunity to power line effects: swampy property is bisected by major power transmission corridor supplying the Kitimat aluminum smelter. Technical report to Geological Survey of Canada, published as an Open File Report.

1983: Patricia Bay, BC. Design, execution, and interpretation of downhole pole-pole resistivity survey, - for Government of Canada, The first E-SCAN 3D survey reveals the power of true 3D raw data. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources. 1981-1982: With Mike Marchant, P.Eng., final instrumentation 1983: Analysis and reassessment of helicopter EM-33 survey results development and construction of complete 256 electrode from the Meager Creek valley, conducted for purposes of E-SCAN multiple electrode scanning system for multi-array characterizing the response to hot spring outflow in valley resistivity surveys in rough terrain and complex geology. sediments. Re-interpretation proposes a positive outcome for the Prototype completion funding assistance was provided by the test program, opposing the published opinion. Premier internal Geological Survey of Canada, Dr. Jack Souther. research. 1981 - 1982: Meager Creek 1983: Theoretical research into potential for application of E-SCAN Geothermal Project, BC. technology to the full range of geothermal exploration, from Design and execution of grid- preliminary reconnaissance through detailed discovery mapping, to regular 3-point Schlumberger resource exploitation management (4D). Development of LINEAR (3pS) reconnaissance mapping E-SCAN mode of operation, with cross-line real-time anomaly throughout 100 km2 of the position evaluation. Premier internal R & D program. alpine/glacier Meager Mountain complex, in co- 1983: Analysis of transient response characteristics of the E-SCAN operation with KRTA, Aukland, hardware/wiring/electrode system in various configurations, N.Z., and Peter MacDonald, preparatory to application of E-SCAN field hardware for induced DSIR, Wellington, N.Z. polarization mineral exploration in rough terrain, complex geology. Technical reports submitted to Premier internal R & D program. BC Hydro and Power Auth.

1982: , BC. Design, execution, and interpretation 1981: Anahim Volcanic Belt, BC. Design, execution, and interpretation of followup Schlumberger resistivity soundings in areas of 1981 of extremely large spacing geothermal dipole-dipole section across large dipole anomalies. Program of Schlumberger soundings in 26 miles of the Anahim Volcanic Belt, with Schlumberger soundings district valleys to determine the background resistivity conditions used for calibration and lateral dimension support. Geological for geo-electric exploration for hotspring discharge accumulation. Survey of Canada, published as an Open File Report. Technical report to Geological Survey of Canada, Open File Report. 1981: Elaho Valley, BC. Design, execution, interpretation and reporting 1982 - 1983: Mt. Baker, Washington. Design, execution, and of remote area dipole-dipole geothermal resistivity survey in four interpretation of 3-point Schlumberger (3pS) geothermal resistivity metres of snow. Tech, report to NSBG/ BC Hydro and Power Auth. surveys, south and southwest flanks of Mt. Baker, geothermal energy program of Seattle City Light. 1981: "Report on coordination and review of resistivity survey results from the Meager Creek Geothermal Area, 1974 to 1981", HIGHLIGHT: 1982 - Successful first field survey with the new for BC Hydro and Power Authority. Principal author of correlation, 3D E-SCAN hardware clarifies prior data. Mt. Cayley, BC. Design, integration and analysis of all electrical resistivity results from the execution, and interpretation of E-SCAN multiple electrode Meager Creek Geothermal Project; application of 2-D forward resistivity survey covering and extending the 1980 dipole resistivity modeling of south reservoir structure and resistivity distributions area. Resolution of previously uninterpretable area resistivity using dipole data; correlation of resistivity results with drill results. anomalies (11 possible solutions) to a single non-ambiguous target result. Technical report to Geological Survey of Canada, published as 1981: Mt. Cayley, BC. Design, execution, and interpretation of dipole- an Open File Report. Summary paper published in Geothermal dipole geothermal resistivity survey; application of 2-D forward Resources Council, Transactions, Vol 7, 1983. modeling of results. Technical report to Nevin, Sadlier-Brown Goodbrand Ltd., project engineers for BC Hydro and Power.

Greg Shore, P.Geo. Premier Geophysics Inc. 53 Duncton Wood Crescent, Aurora, ON, Canada L4G 7T4 Tel: 1 905 713 2704 e-mail: [email protected] web: www.premiergeophysics.com

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1980: Mt. Cayley, BC. Design, execution, and interpretation and reporting of dipole-dipole geothermal resistivity surveys at high elevation through Mt. Cayley volcanic complex, central . Unrecognized “side-look” discovery of the main Mt. Cayley resistivity anomaly. Technical report to Geological Survey of Canada, published as an Open File Report.

1980: With Mike Marchant, P.Eng., completion of prototype design of E-SCAN multiple pole-pole computer operated survey hardware. Premier internal R&D program.

1980: Research project: evaluation of multiple pole-pole experience; commencement of design and prototyping of a computer operated single-wire 256 channel distributed scanning system for multiple pole-pole surveys. Premier internal R&D program.

1979: Coast Mountain Range, British Columbia. Design, execution, and interpretation, deep snow (>15') dipole-dipole resistivity traversing between Meager Creek valley and Elaho River valley to the south. Tech report to Nevin, Sadlier-Brown Goodbrand Ltd., project engineers for BC Hydro and Power Authority and Government of For the 1977 experimental wide-area multiple pole-pole survey in the Meager Canada, Dept Energy, Mines and Resources, joint project. Mountain Volcanic Complex, an Okanagan Helicopters Jet Ranger lays survey wire across extreme terrain from a TurAir dispenser originally designed for airborne 1978: PAPER: Shore, G.A., “Meager Creek geothermal system, British support of Turam surveys. Columbia, Part III: Resistivity methods and results.” Geothermal

Resources Council TRANSACTIONS, v.2, pp 592-596. The earliest establishment of published “prior art” for the evolving E-SCAN 1976: Meager Creek Geothermal Project, BC. Design, execution, and survey technology. interpretation of regional self-potential (SP) reconnaissance survey and vertical electrical sounding resistivity mapping surveys. 1978: Meager Creek Geothermal Project, BC. Design, execution, and Technical report to Nevin, Sadlier-Brown Goodbrand Ltd., project interpretation of wide-spacing valley-bottom dipole-dipole engineers for BC Hydro and Power. resistivity surveys. Technical report to Nevin, Sadlier-Brown Goodbrand Ltd., project engineers for BC Hydro and Power, and 1975: Meager Creek Geothermal Project, BC. Design, execution, Canada Dept of Energy, Mines and Resources, joint project. interpretation of large spacing dipole-dipole resistivity survey to extend and detail 1974 reconnaissance findings, using 40 Kw 1978: Meager Creek Geothermal Project, BC, research project to verify transmitter system. Report to Nevin, Sadlier-Brown Goodbrand Ltd., convertibility of multiple pole-pole measurement elements into project engineers for BC Hydro and Power. more complex (derivative) array forms, - internal research project within 1978 field program. 1973-1974: Pine Point, Northwest Territories. High power (40 Kw system) IP/resistivity survey using small dipoles to map 1978: Meager Creek Geothermal Project, BC. Design, execution, and sulfide bodies that were previously undetected by wider-spacing interpretation of multiple pole-pole array resistivity surveys over 35 reconnaissance IP surveys. Client confidential. km2 of extreme mountain terrain. Tech report to Nevin, Sadlier- Brown Goodbrand Ltd., project engineers for BC Hydro and Power, 1973: Design, development and testing of solid state IP/resistivity and Canada Dept of Energy, Mines and Resources, joint project. transmitter control/switching modules for up to 500 Kw of coded pattern pulse delivery across a 200 mile gradient resistivity array, 1977: Design, development and construction of a 24 wire relay- proposed for a semi-permanent earthquake prediction observatory multiplexed, scanning multiple pole-pole IP/resistivity system, experiment spanning the Rocky Mountains. utilizing 1200 Volts DC high amperage transmitted power, and multiple wire, computer-operated data acquisition, measurement, HIGHLIGHT: 1973 - Integrated methods succeed in mapping ore storage, with real-time color display of vector results. where previous surveys missed. Kamloops, BC. Integrated use of This system was successfully deployed in 1978 on the Meager Creek high power IP/resistivity in gradient array mode for high-resolution, Geothermal Project, then abandoned as the limitations of relay-bank lateral boundary mapping, followed by dipole-dipole traverses to switching were realized. establish depth-to-body, followed by engineering seismics to determine depth of overburden for drill planning and to refine the 1977: St. Lawrence area, Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland. Conventional depth model. The gradient array survey mapped out a buried IP/resistivity surveys for copper/gold in a granitic environment porphyry copper ore body with a previously-undetectable adjacent covered by peat bog. Client confidential. ore lobe that had been downfaulted below the range of the dipole- dipole survey. Hammer seismic completed the examination, 1977: Meager Creek Geothermal Project, BC. Design, execution, and confirming depth of overburden for planning the drill campaign. interpretation of rough-terrain multiple pole-pole resistivity survey, Technical report to Sovereign Metals. using helicopter-dispensed wiring and no-landing airborne emplacement of key remote electrodes. Technical report to Nevin, 1972: Johnson Camp, Arizona. High power (40 Kw) IP/resistivity Sadlier-Brown Goodbrand Ltd., project engineers for BC Hydro and survey to map extension of a known sulphide orebody into deep Power Authority and Government of Canada, Department of Energy, valley cover. Technical report to Superior Oil Company. Mines and Resources. See photo top right.

Greg Shore, P.Geo. Premier Geophysics Inc. 53 Duncton Wood Crescent, Aurora, ON, Canada L4G 7T4 Tel: 1 905 713 2704 e-mail: [email protected] web: www.premiergeophysics.com

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HIGHLIGHT: 1972 – Helicopter-portable very high power transmitter. HIGHLIGHT: 1972 – 600 Ampere marine resistivity system. Design, development and construction of world's first modular, Design, development, construction of 600 ampere DC transmitter lightweight 40 kilowatt induced polarization and resistivity and generator, with buoyant 14 mile streamer array and high- transmitter with break-apart generator system, 2-man loadable current seawater interfaces, for marine resistivity profiling, anywhere. Used in S.W. United States (Arizona porphyry copper), intended for offshore oil exploration in seismic-attenuating bottom Pine Point area (lead-zinc), central BC porphyry copper belt, and in conditions (e.g. Trinidad), and for sub-bottom permafrost mapping. definitive discovery work in the geothermal program at Meager Project terminated when Federal budget cutbacks announced. Creek Geothermal Project, BC. Energy, Mines and Resources Canada R&D project, Mackenzie Delta, The lightweight equipment was moved about the Meager Beaufort Sea. Volcanic Complex by light helicopter (Hiller 12E, Jet Ranger). 1971: Kalahari Desert, Namibia. Test, demonstration, and training of client crew, Huntec Mark III induced polarization and resistivity receiver. Huntec (70) Ltd, Toronto.

1970: Hoyle Township, Ontario. 200 line miles of VLF electromagnetics and magnetic surveys, all in swamps, for Paterson, Grant and Watson, Limited, Toronto.

1969: Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories. Design and execution of VLF electromagnetics and magnetic surveys, for Norm Ursel, consulting geophysicist, Toronto.

1968: Field adaptation of a constant-flow fuel injection system for IP motor-generator. Eliminated twice-daily spark plug failures due to carbon buildup caused by pulsed loading of carburetor-equipped two-stroke engine. The adaptation effectively doubled the available continuous power for the survey. Barringer Research. A low-stressed 90 HP Porsche Industrial engine powers the 2 x 3-phase, 400 Hz, 40,000 watt ultra-lightweight IP system generator that breaks into 3 parts to move. 1967-1968: Development, documentation, and implementation of field Designed for military and unattended beacon power, the Porsche engine was rated calibration techniques for the Huntec Mark I and Mark II for 8000 hours of 24/7 continuous operation between shutdowns (using an attached IP/resistivity receivers, report to Barringer Research Inc. 40 gallon oil sump). Part of the belt-driven governor linkage is visible at right. By comparison, the 40,000 watt generators used in the contemporary high power IP HIGHLIGHT: 1967-68 - 120 km by 20 km IP survey. systems of Asarco and Anaconda required transportation on 5-ton trucks. Wide spacing time domain induced polarization and resistivity

survey for pyrite over 2400 km2 of Tertiary cover play, central Alentejo province, Portugal (pyrite belt). This conventional 7.5 kw pole-dipole survey delivered an average of less than five measurements per day due to low signal and a large array logistics. The survey was designed to explore to >1000 metres depth. (In 2012, 3D E-SCAN can employ a similar size crew to map similar depths, delivering over 2,000 measurements per day in true 3D.) Barringer Research, for Companie Uniao Fabril, Lisbon.

1966-1967: Time domain induced polarization and resistivity ground follow-up to airborne INPUT EM surveys flown over 25% of the Republic of Ireland. Survey operations in 16 of the 26 counties. Also magnetics and vertical loop electromagnetic surveys. With Barringer Research, for Tara Exploration and Dev. Co., Dublin.

1966: Halliburton area, Ontario. IP and resistivity survey at extreme small spacings for detection of near-surface molybdenite veins under organic cover. Barringer Research, for unnamed client.

1966: Field evaluation and recommendations for technical and operating improvements to the new Barringer GM102a Proton Precession Magnetometer, unpublished report by G. A. Shore to Barringer Research Ltd. Once important for mapping geothermal and porphyry copper in the 1970’s, the 3600 volt, 100 ampere performance of Premier’s 36 Kw IP transmitter is no longer 1966: Big Onion Mountain, Smithers, BC. Helicopter-supported required. In 2012, 3D E-SCAN delivers equivalent or greater depths of exploration, conventional time-domain induced polarization and resistivity with better signal return, from just 1-4 kilowatts. Seldom requiring more than 2 survey on steep mountainside for copper sulphide mineralization. amperes of current into the ground, the newer technology eliminates the ground Barringer Research, for Canadian Superior Oil. disturbances previously required for high currents.

Greg Shore, P.Geo. Premier Geophysics Inc. 53 Duncton Wood Crescent, Aurora, ON, Canada L4G 7T4 Tel: 1 905 713 2704 e-mail: [email protected] web: www.premiergeophysics.com