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Extraction on to Secure the Conservation, the Historic Environment

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AGGREGATES LEVY SUSTAINABILITY FUND ALSFannual report 2003-2004 Two years on... Illustrations of three of the wide- ranging and exciting projects funded during the second year of the two- year pilot scheme: Breedon Hill Quarry, Leicestershire (main); Unveiling an interpretation panel at Needingworth Quarry, Cambridgeshire - part of the Public Awareness project (top right); and the effigy of ‘Snuffy Jack’ at Snuff Mills, Avon. © Cambridge Archaeological Unit © Cambridge © Bristol Post Evening © Leicestershire County Council FOREWORD By the time the ALSF pilot scheme We are therefore delighted that came to an end in March this year Defra has invited English Heritage © Mark Basten English Heritage had been able to to continue its ALSF Programme give more than £9.14 million in for the next three years. The pilot grants to more than 100 projects scheme has made a real and which have helped to reduce the significant difference in helping us all impact of aggregate extraction on to secure the conservation, the historic environment. understanding and enjoyment of the historic environment. We now The number, quality and diversity of look forward to working with our excellent and innovative proposals partners and colleagues to build on that we have been able to support the successes of the first two years testify to the value of the ALSF of the ALSF. scheme. Our funding has enabled projects run by community groups, Simon Thurley the independent and voluntary Chief Executive sector, local government, English Heritage universities, commercial and contracting organizations, and the aggregates industry itself. We have been able to support consortia and networks, and to support projects CONTENTS jointly with our partner agencies, Resource Management 4 English Nature and the Countryside Education and Outreach 12 Agency. Indeed, one of the most Unexpected discoveries 15 valuable outcomes of the ALSF pilot scheme has been the Maritime archaeology 16 development of partnerships across Built environment 18 the range of ALSF stakeholders Project listing 21 which promote our shared commitment to the historic Acknowledgements 24 environment. 2 INTRODUCTION The Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund We have supported the conservation of (ALSF) was introduced as a two- year pilot buildings and areas affected by aggregates scheme in April 2002 to provide funds to extraction and hope that these will serve as help address the environmental costs of good examples of what might be achieved aggregate extraction. English Heritage, with in the future. Projects aimed at improving Archaeology © Cotswold English Nature and the Countryside Agency, the understanding of the historic has been a major distributor of the fund on environment in aggregate extraction areas in behalf of the Department for Environment, order to enhance management of the Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). resource have also been a priority. The goal of the English Heritage ALSF The marine historic environment has also scheme has been to reduce the impacts of received a boost from the introduction of the aggregate extraction upon the historic ALSF. The fund has allowed us to support a environment. To meet this we have range of exciting projects that will enhance supported a wide range of projects which aim: understanding and management of the resource z to advance knowledge so that future and build capacity in the maritime sector. aggregate extraction will have the minimum impact upon the historic environment In all this we have been privileged to work Post-hole alignments at Hartshill in partnership with the aggregates industry, Copse, Berkshire have revealed z to secure the conservation of important but evidence for three Late Bronze local government, the voluntary and Age/Early Iron Age roundhouses vulnerable sites, monuments and landscapes independent sector, universities, and (see page 15) z to promote better understanding and commercial and contracting organisations. It is greater enjoyment of our heritage to the to these partners, and to the many individuals broadest possible audience who have initiated and driven forward the projects we have supported, that we owe Over the course of the pilot scheme, which the success of the ALSF pilot scheme. came to an end in March 2004, English Heritage has distributed £9.14m in grants to The English Heritage ALSF Programme has 101 projects. This, our second annual report, now been extended for a further three highlights the achievements of the second years to March 2007, giving us and our year of the ALSF at the conclusion of the partners the opportunity to build on the pilot scheme. successes of the pilot scheme. Details of the new English Heritage ALSF Programme, Exhibitions, publications, web-sites, current application procedures, and guidance education packs, open days and activity can be found on the English Heritage website events have helped to get over information (www.english-heritage.org.uk/ALSF). about aggregates and the historic environment to the widest audience. Other Kath Buxton initiatives have been aimed at raising ALSF Programme Manager awareness of the historic environment, English Heritage particularly the archaeology of the Palaeolithic, within the aggregates industry, and at widening the involvement of independent and voluntary groups. 3 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Predicting, planning and protecting CHARACTERISING THE significance in this area and into bedrock. POTENTIAL OF AGGREGATES The study area extends across the London Understanding the Boroughs of Enfield, Waltham Forest, archaeological potential DEPOSITS Redbridge, Haringey, Hackney, Tower Hamlets of many aggregate The Mapping the sub-surface drift and Newham and includes part of Essex. producing areas requires geology of Greater London gravel extraction areas undertaken by the The database can be queried to generate research to characterise Museum of London Archaeology Service deposit models that in turn can be used to the age, range & created a digital geoarchaeological database reconstruct the changing landscape and to preservation of the deposits of the Quaternary deposits of the Lower Lea predict areas of archaeological potential. These and their associated Valley using a combination of geotechnical models can then be transferred to GIS-based cultural remains. borehole data from the British Geological software and made available to a wide-range of Survey (BGS) archive (comprising over 3000 end-users on-line and as hard copy. Different borehole logs) and archaeological records layers of GIS data will enable archaeological resulting from small-scale excavation and distributions (and areas of proposed quarrying) evaluation. Records in the BGS archive date to be linked with buried floodplain landscapes, Excavation at Lepe, Hampshire, as back to the nineteenth century and extend thus allowing the identification of areas of part of the Coastal Corridor project through the deposits of aggregates archaeological risk/potential. © University of Wales, Lampeter © University of Wales, 4 Scowles at Scowles village, near Coleford © University of Wales, Lampeter © University of Wales, The University of Wales’ (Lampeter) patterns of cultural change in the Test pit excavation in the Romsey Palaeolithic Archaeology of the Sussex/ Palaeolithic, identify the relative Palaeolithic area, Hampshire - Sussex/ Hampshire Coastal Corridor project significance of particular deposits in the Hampshire Coastal Corridor project focused on an area of considerable project area and facilitate the selection of importance for both Quaternary geological appropriate evaluation and/or mitigation studies and Palaeolithic archaeology. Here, a approaches. The project is also working with range of deposits has been identified, Southampton Museum Service to enhance including marine and estuarine sediments, the existing Prehistory displays and develop cold-climate slope and river deposits and a digital educational resource to support wind-blown silt, containing plant, animal local studies. and archaeological remains. Although these deposit sequences have been studied in the past, further research into the dates and palaeoenvironmental associations of the sediments is required if the nature of the archaeological record is to be fully understood and predictive modelling of archaeologically sensitive areas attempted in the future. The project aimed to address these issues by undertaking a programme of geological mapping, sediment dating and correlation of the deposits to enhance our understanding of the distribution of major Middle and Late Pleistocene deposits. An assessment of the Palaeolithic resource was also carried out, mapping the distribution of Pleistocene Geophysical (resistivity) sections sediments of potential Palaeolithic at West Wittering, West Sussex: archaeological significance for the area. these were used to aid understanding of the buried These data can be used to inform our landscape and deposits in the understanding of the occupation history of area - Sussex/Hampshire Coastal the area through Early Prehistory, assess Lampeter © University of Wales, Corridor project 5 This project aimed to develop such approaches, by conducting detailed landscape and soil surveys that identified the density and nature of buried archaeological features and the depths of blown sand covering them. It used a combination of air © Landscape Research Centre and ground-based remote sensing, together with surface and sub-surface deposit modelling. The results have been used to develop resources to aid planning of future
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