Initial Environmental Examination
April 2006
People’s Republic of China: Hunan Flood Management Sector Project (Hengyang City Non- core Subproject)
Prepared by Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute for the Hunan Provincial Project Management Office and the Asian Development Bank.
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
PEOPLE REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
HUNAN WATER RESOURCES
DEPARTMENT
HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT SECTOR PROJECT
HENGYANG CITY SUBPROJECT INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)
APRIL 2006
Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT HENGYANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1. BACKGROUND CONTEXT AND REPORT OBJECTIVES ...... 1 1.2. HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT - OVERVIEW ...... 2 1.3. HENGYANG URBAN FLOOD CONTROL SUBPROJECT ...... 4
2. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ...... 7 2.1. PRC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS ...... 7 2.2. ADB ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS ...... 8 2.3. ADB ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS UNDER A BLOCKING MODALITY ...... 9 2.4. PROJECT AND SUBPROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS UNDER ADB REQUIREMENTS ...... 9
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE HENGYANG CITY SUBPROJECT ...... 10 3.1. TYPE, RATIONALE AND PURPOSE ...... 10 3.2. SUBPROJECT OVERVIEW ...... 10 3.3. LOCATION ...... 13 3.4. CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 15 3.5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION ...... 15
4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 23 4.1. PHYSICAL RESOURCES ...... 23 4.2. ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES ...... 30 4.3. SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS ...... 31
5 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ...... 33 5.1 APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING ...... 33 5.2 SITING ...... 33 5.3 CONSTRUCTION ...... 52 5.4 OPERATION ...... 58
6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 61 6.1 BENEFICIARY IDENTIFICATION ...... 61 6.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 61
7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 69 7.1 EMP PURPOSE ...... 69 7.2 EMP DEVELOPMENT ...... 69 7.3 IMPLEMENTATION OF MITIGATIONS ...... 70 7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 70 7.5 ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONTRACTOR(S) ...... 70 7.6 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 70 7.7 CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS ...... 71
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7.8 BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION ...... 71
8 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 74 8.1 FINDINGS ...... 74 8.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 75
9 CONCLUSION ...... 76
APPENDIX I HENGYANG CITY SUBPROJECT SITE PHOTOS ...... 77
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
ADB Asian Development Bank CCO Chief Compliance Officer EFI Environmental Field Inspector EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan EPB Environmental Protection Bureau ESD Environmental and Social Division FSP Facilities Siting Plan FSR Feasibility Study Report GOC Government of China HEPB Hunan Environmental Protection Bureau HFMP Hunan Flood Management Project HHPDI Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute HPDI Hydro and Power Design Institute HPG Hunan Provincial Government HPWR Hunan Water Resources Department IEE Initial Environmental Examination NGO Non-Government Organization PPMO Provincial Project Management Office PMO Project Management Office (Subproject level) RP Resettlement Plan SDPC State Development Planning Committee SEIA Subproject Environmental Impact Area SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration SIEE Summary Initial Environmental Examination SPIA Social/Poverty Impact Assessment SS Suspended Solids SSA Subproject Study Area TA Technical Assistance WB World Bank
CURRENCIES CNY = RMB Chinese Yuan (Renminbi) USD United States Dollar
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND CONTEXT AND REPORT OBJECTIVES
T.A. No. 4324-PRC: Hunan Flood Management Project (the TA) is assisting the Hunan Provincial Government (HPG) in (i) reviewing, assessing and identifying the most cost effective flood protection measures for the four mountain rivers of Hunan Province; (ii) preparing a feasibility study for respective subprojects; and, (iii) formulating a project for improved flood management in four tributaries of Dongting Lake for funding by the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
The objectives of the TA are:
- prepare a Feasibility Study Report, including an assessment of the financial, economic, social and environmental impacts of the Project in accordance with policies and guidelines of the ADB;
- formulate the Hunan Flood Management Project (the loan project, hereafter referred to as the Project) to reduce flood hazards and damages in the mountainous area of Hunan Province, including improving flood management within the context of integrated river basin management; and,
- prepare a final report that includes updated / strengthened subproject feasibility study reports for selected subproject locations, and a consolidated final report covering overall feasibility, environmental impact, resettlement plans, and financial and economic analyses.
Under the Structural Flood Control Component of the proposed Project 36 urban flood control subprojects have been identified by HPG. The Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute (HHPDI) have developed initial feasibility studies for 35 subprojects. As the proposed Project will be implemented under a sector type approach1, eight priority core subprojects will be developed in full to the ADB-standard feasibility level during the TA implementation. These are:
(i) Yongzhou City Urban Flood Control Subproject;
(ii) Wugang City Urban Flood Control Subproject;
(iii) Loudi City Urban Flood Control Subproject;
(iv) Leiyang City Urban Flood Control Subproject;
(v) Chenxi City Urban Flood Control Subproject;
(vi) Hengyang City Urban Flood Control Subproject;
(vii) Xinhua Urban Flood Control Subproject; and,
(viii) Sangzhi City Urban Flood Control Subproject.
The remaining subprojects will be developed to feasibility level during the Project implementation.
The selection of the core subprojects was based on size of investment, geographical representation of the watersheds in the province, severity of environmental and resettlement
1 Asian Development Bank Aide Memoire, November 2004
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impact, severity and types of flooding, types of proposed flood protection measures, impact on indigenous peoples, and poverty impact.
In accordance with the environmental requirements of the ADB as detailed later in this report, an Initial Environmental Evaluation (IEE) is being prepared for each subproject. This report presents the IEE for the Hengyang City Urban Flood Control Subproject (the Subproject).
The purpose of this IEE report with respect to the proposed Subproject is to: i) describe environmental, social, and economic fundamental situations of the area for project implementation; ii) describe the proposed Subproject interventions; iii) examine obvious potential impact of the proposed subproject on the environment; iv) once find the obvious impact, predict and assess characteristics and magnitude of impacts; v) recommend appropriate mitigation measures to minimize negative potential impacts, and predict and assess residual impacts; and, vi) describe public reflection and suggestion to the project;
As noted in Section 2.4 below a separate consolidated IEE, a separate consolidated summary IEE and a separate consolidated Environmental Management Plan (EMP) have also been prepared for the overall Project.
1.2. HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT - OVERVIEW
The proposed Project will support the HPG to reduce flood damage in mountainous areas by improving flood mitigation measures for the most affected municipalities and counties.
The overall goal of the proposed Project is to: - reduce flooding and flood hazards in the mountainous area of Hunan Province by improving flood management within a context of integrated river basin management.
The purpose of the proposed Project is to: - strengthen, improve and bring to a consistent standard the flood management measures in four tributaries of Dongting Lake in Hunan Province.
The development objective of the proposed Project is:
(i) to improve urban flood control and to counteract natural calamities in the mountainous areas of Hunan Province;
(ii) to protect life and property and improve safety for the people; and,
(iii) to ensure social stability and advancement through reliable economic development.
The Project will invest in flood management in the Xiang, Zi, Yuan and Li Rivers, collectively termed the ‘Mountain Rivers’, which deliver runoff from the mountainous areas to Dongting Lake. These Mountain Rivers generate short duration localized floods, characterized by a steady rise and fall of water levels in the river sections as a flood wave passes down the river. These elevated flood levels generally persist for no more than two or three days. Despite the mountainous conditions, tending to low hills in the middle catchment, the rivers generally have a shallow gradient through the heavily populated areas, with substantive floodplain areas within the otherwise narrow valleys which characterize the river systems. Consequently, the typical pattern of settlement adjacent to the rivers is narrow elongated development areas, with older high density residential, commercial and industrial areas in the flat lowlands. This tends to have constricted the natural floodplain characteristics for the river, and these areas are now subjected to short term but increasingly frequent flooding. The characteristic behavior of these Mountain Rivers means that the settled communities suffer from more frequent and often more extensive
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destructive flood damage, which causes loss of life and severe disruption to the livelihoods of affected peoples. By virtue of their location and dependence on agriculture, many are the poorest of the poor.
The proposed Project contains thirty-five (35) subprojects located in eight municipalities (Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Yongzhou, Chenzhou, Hengyang and Loudi); Jishou City which is the capital of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture; five county-level cities; and twenty-two counties. These cities and counties are all located in either the eastern, southern and western mountainous regions, or in the central region which generally consists of low hills.
TABLE 1-1: SUMMARY OF THE 35 SUBPROJECT KEY CHARACTERISTICS
Non City River Earth Dikes Wall Dikes Culvert Pumping No Name Structure Type Basin (Km) (Km) (No.) Stations (No.) (Y / N) 8 Core Subproject Feasibility Study 1 Yongzhou M X 21.50 23.37 16 6 Y 2 Wugang C Z 5.47 10.76 14 4 Y 3 Loudi M X 30.91 5.89 19 2 Y 4 Leiyang C X 11.29 1.05 5 Y 5 Chengxi C Y 0.73 3 1 Y 6 Huaihua M Y 13.39 9.64 10 4 Y 7 Hengyang C Z 12.25 - 4 2 Y 8 Sangzhi C L 7.29 7 2 Y 8 Core Subprojects - Sub Totals 94.80 58.74 78 21 27 Subprojects Feasibility Study 9 Hengyang M X 39.21 18.30 88 31 Y 10 Chenzhou M X 23.30 23.80 39 0 Y 11 Zhuzhou M X 1.60 7.40 9 8 Y 12 Xiangtan M X - 22.40 27 0 Y 13 Shaoyang M Z 8.66 18 7 Y 14 Jishou M Y 10.90 1.40 15 4 Y 15 Qiyang C X 3.30 10.55 4 0 Y 16 Zhuzhou C X 14.60 0.34 6 4 Y 17 Liling C X 4.50 3.60 5 3 Y 18 Youxian C X 4.43 2.61 4 0 Y 19 Shimen C L 11.70 7.52 3 3 Y 20 Hengyang C X 5.62 0.50 3 2 Y 21 Shaodong C Z 5.71 2.57 5 2 Y 22 Longhui C Z 4.07 13.10 17 0 Y 23 Jiangyong C X 4.40 5.41 12 2 Y 24 Xintian C X 11.99 5.70 5 1 Y 25 Jianghua C X 24.50 8.50 7 14 Y 26 Ningyuan C X 12.90 - 5 2 Y 27 Zhongfang C Y 9.70 5.40 10 3 Y 28 Xinhuang C Y 3.49 7.90 5 4 Y 29 Xupu C Y 12.95 - 7 2 Y 30 Lianyuan C X 11.10 0.54 7 4 Y 31 Shuangfeng C X 2.87 0.74 3 3 Y 32 Lengshuijiang C Z - 6.35 4 3 Y 33 Fenghuang C Y 5.40 1.69 9 3 Y 34 Baojing C Y - 5.15 0 0 Y 35 Cili C L 1.30 3.65 6 0 Y 27 Subproject Sub-Totals 243.00 173.42 327.00 105.00 All Subproject Total 337.80 232.16 405.00 126.00 Rivers (Subprojects) – Xiangjiang (18), Zishui (7), Yuanjiang (8), and Lishui (3) City Type (Subprojects) – Municipal (9) or County (27)
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1.3. HENGYANG URBAN FLOOD CONTROL CORE SUBPROJECT
1.3.1. OVERVIEW Hengyang City is located in the south part of Hunan Province, Xiangjiang River flows throughout the whole city from south to north, Zhengshui River and Leishui River merge into Xiangjiang River in the urban area, and the urban area of Hengyang City is divided into three parts by Zhengshui River, Leishui River, and Xiangjiang River. Xiangjiang River originates from Haiyang Mountain, Lingchuan County, Guangxi Province, the trunk is 856km in full length, with an 2 average gradient ratio of 0.134‰ and water collection area of 94660km . Xiaoshui River, Leishui River, and other tributaries all come from mountain areas in south and east side, and then merge into the trunk from the right bank, with a water collection area above 10000km2.
The area of built area of Hengyang City is 61.84km2, based on the Town System Planning of Hengyang City (2002~2020) approved the People’s Government of Hunan Province, till 2010, the population in the urban area of Hengyang City will reach 1 million, the construction controlling area of the urban area will be 95km2, therefore, it will become a important political, economic, and cultural town in the south part of Hunan Province, as well as an important traffic junction, and it will also become a modern central city integrated with complete categories.
Hengyang City is near three rivers, as it is of low-lying topography, flood and waterlogging disasters will seriously impact the urban area of Hengyang City during the flood season. The causes of flood disasters are as follows: local rainfall, obstructed drainage, high water level during flood season, when large flood occurs in the upper reaches of the river basin of Xiangjiang River, the flood will reflow to the upper reaches along Zhengshui River and Leishui River. The existing flood control and waterlogging drainage projects of the urban area of Hengyang City was built long ago, the standard is low, as flood disasters happen frequently in recent years, they will be adverse to the economic development of Hengyang City.
Based on the existing flood control and waterlogging drainage facilities of Hengyang City and its landform, the planned project will establish Shigu, Xihu, Yanfeng, Zhuhui, Linghu, and Dongyang protective circles. Each protective circle is as follows:
Shigu protective circle: It includes Songmu township of Shigu district and part of Xihu township, with a protection area of 16.57km2, population of 36000. There are Zhengshuibei embankment, Yangjiaping embankment, and Jiangxia embankment currently, with a total length of 16.30km;
Xihu protective circle: It includes Xihu township in Shigu district, Yanfeng district, and part of 2 Zhengxiang district, with a protection area of 11.67km , population of 79400. There are Xi’an embankment and Zhengshuinan embankment currently, with a total length of 13.37km;
Yanfeng protective circle: It includes Yueping township of Yanfeng district, Xiangjiang township, and Baishazhou township, with a protection area of 21.63km2, population of 41500. There are Tongqiaogang embankment and Xiangjiang embankment currently, with a total length of 7.21km; Zhuhui protective circle: It includes most part of Zhuhui district and part of Pingxiang township, with a protection area of 7.53km2, population of 0.15 million. There are Heping embankment, Dong’an embankment, Jiangdong embankment, Dongshan embankment, and Xinhua embankment currently, with a total length of 11.03km;
Linghu protective circle: It includes most part of Linghu township of Zhuhui district, with a protection area of 23.5km2, population under protection of 46900. There is Linghu embankment currently, with a total length of 9.48km;
Dongyang protective circle: it includes most part of Dongyang township of Zhuhui district and partial urban areas, with a protection area of 11.90km2, population of 16000. There are Xintang
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embankment and Renmin embankment currently, with a total length of 2.13km.
The existing embankments in Hengyang City can only resist 10~20-year-occurrence flood, and some districts are of bad waterlogging drainage capacities. In the designed water level year (2010), the flood control standard of the urban area of Hengyang City will be improved to 50-year-occurrence. In order to meet the standard, 15 embankments with a total length of 59.16km should be heightened and thickened, 11 embankments with a total length of 15.74km should be extended, 11 riprap bankets with a total length of 4.33km will be built, 88 sluices will be refitted, 26 electric drainage stations (53 pieces of 13971kW) will be built, and Lijiazhou flood relieving canal and counterpart facilities will be newly built.
1.3.2. SUBPROJECT PROPONENT
The Hunan Provincial Government (HPG) will be the Executing Agency (EA) for the Project. A provincial level Project Management Office (PPMO) has been established in the Provincial Water Resources Department (PWRD), with representatives from the Provincial Development and Reform Commission (PDRC) and the Provincial Finance Department (PFD). The PPMO will be responsible for overall project preparation and administration. The PPMO is an experienced and adequately staffed project office that has successfully processed and implemented two World Bank financed water resources and flood management projects and a Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) financed urban flood control project in the Dongting Lake area. A Project Leading Group (PLG), headed by a Vice Governor of Hunan Province and comprised of senior officials from PWRD, PDRC and PFD, will guide the PPMO and oversee project preparation and implementation.
At each subproject (municipality and county) a Local Leading Group (LLG) and a Local Project Management Office (PMO) have been established and are responsible for coordinating and administering the subproject in their jurisdiction. The LLG and PMO have a similar structure and composition as that of the PLG and PPMO. Subproject implementation will be undertaken by the corresponding project implementation units (PIUs) which are the existing local flood management agencies. The Hydrological Bureau, in consultation with the Flood Control and Drought Prevention Office, will be responsible for implementation of the non-structural component under the Project.
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FIGURE 1-1: HENGYANG CITY SUBPROJECT LOCATION
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2. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
2.1. PRC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS
2.1.1. KEY LAWS, GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES
The Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the PRC was passed on October 28, 2002 and became effective on September 1, 2003. The EIA Law demands obligatory environmental assessment studies for all construction projects. Key elements of the law in relation to the proposed Project are as follows: - EIA refers to the analysis, projection and evaluation of potential environmental impacts caused by the implementation of a plan or a construction project. The assessment must propose measures and countermeasures to prevent or mitigate harmful environmental impacts, and recommend methods to carry out project impact monitoring. - There are three levels of EIA reporting:
Category A projects are considered to have the potential for moderate to significant environmental impact, and a comprehensive assessment is required. Category A projects include land utilization and construction; development and utilization of regions, watershed areas and sea areas; and development of industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, energy resources, water resources, traffic, city construction, tourism and natural resources. The developer must hold a public hearing or seek comments and suggestions from experts and the public before submitting the EIA report for approval. Government approval or disapproval must be issued within 60 days.
Category B projects have more moderate environmental impacts, and the law requires completion of an environmental impact form.
Category C projects have minimal environmental impact projects, and the law requires completion of an environmental impact registration form for which government approval or disapproval is issued within 15 days. - China's State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) is authorized to handle the review and approval of environmental impact reports for construction projects on nuclear facilities, confidential works, construction projects straddling across more than one provincial-level region, projects that require examination and approval by the State Council or other ministerial level administrations, and projects that have a total investment over 200 million CNY. Local governments are responsible for the approval of all other projects. - The environmental protection administration is required to inspect the actual environmental impact after the project goes into operation, and as relevant, report on causes and liabilities for severe environmental pollution or ecological destruction.
The State Development Planning Commission (SDPC) or its provincial counterpart will not approve a project until the EIA is approved. Local Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) are responsible for ensuring implementation of whatever environmental monitoring and management measures are specified in EIAs approved at any level. Generally, the administrative aspects of China’s newer environmental regulations, such as approvals and permits issued subsequent to EIAs, are enforced more stringently than older regulations.
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The Implementing Agency is generally required to report at various stages of construction and operation, including an Environmental Monitoring and Supervision Report which should be submitted to the Provincial EPB and the Provincial Planning Commission. If funding is provided by international sources these reports are consolidated semi-annually or at completion of key stages and forwarded to the lending institution (e.g., ADB).
The Environmental Impact Assessment Law is supported by several Technical Guidelines for EIA, which provide recommendations and guidance on methodologies. Relevant guidelines include: - Technical Guideline for EIA / Hydroelectric and Hydraulic Engineering (HJ/T88-2003); - Technical Guideline for EIA / Atmosphere Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.2-93); - Technical Guideline for EIA / Surface Water Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.3-93); - Technical Guideline for EIA / Noise Impact Assessment (2.4-1995); - Technical Guideline for EIA / Ecological Environment and Natural Resources (HJ/T 19-1997); - Technical Regulations on Water and Soil Conservation of Development and Construction Projects (SL204-98); and, - Programming Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (on trial) (HJ/T130-2003).
2.1.2. PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS UNDER PRC REGULATIONS
As required under the Environmental Impact Assessment Law an overall Hunan Flood Management Project EIA Report is being prepared by Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute. The EIA is expected to be submitted to SEPA in Jan.31 2005. It is understood by the consultant that the EIA report will recommend that the Project be classified as Category C. Category C approval is expected to be received from SEPA in the first ten-day period of March 2005. It is as yet unclear whether a Category C environmental registration form will be required in addition to the EIA report that is being prepared.
Under the Environmental Impact Assessment Law subproject level EIA reports are not required.
2.2. ADB ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS
For any project processed with the participation of an International Funding Agency, in addition to the fulfillment of national requirements the proponent must also satisfy the requirements of the funding organization. As the proposed Subproject is being developed for financing through a loan from the ADB, it must follow the ADB environmental assessment guidelines and requirements, as detailed in the following key references:
(i) Environmental Policy of the Asian Development Bank (2003);
(ii) Environmental Assessment Guidelines of the Asian Development Bank (2003); and,
(iii) Environmental Guidelines for Selected Agriculture and Natural Resources Development Projects, Asian Development Bank (1991).
ADB projects are classified as category A (with significant potential environmental impacts); category B (with less significant potential environmental impacts); and category C (unlikely to have significant environmental impacts). A project’s environment assessment category is determined by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component, including both direct and indirect impacts.
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For category A projects a full EIA is required. For category B projects an initial environmental examination (IEE) is required, and if the IEE determines that the project has significant environmental impacts a full EIA is then required. If a full EIA is not required for a category B project, and the IEE concludes that the project will not have any adverse environmental impacts, then the environmental assessment is deemed complete. For category B projects in which a full EIA is not required but the project is still considered to be environmentally sensitive, the IEE must include an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) with a budget; a summary initial environmental examination (SIEE) must be submitted to the ADB Board 120 days prior to the Board consideration; and the SIEE must be posted on the ADB’s website and be made available to locally affected groups and NGOs upon request. No environmental assessment is required for category C projects although their environmental implications nevertheless need to be reviewed.
2.3. ADB ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS UNDER A BLOCKING MODALITY
Under a block-like approach subproject activities are typically not developed to the feasibility stage during TA implementation. In these cases priority subprojects may be selected to act as models for the full development of the remaining subprojects during the loan project implementation stage.
2.4. PROJECT AND SUBPROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS UNDER ADB REQUIREMENTS
2.4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION
The Hunan Flood Management Project has been classified as category B, and has been deemed “environmentally sensitive” by the ADB Chief Compliance Officer (CCO).
2.4.2. PROJECT REVIEW PROCESS
The review on IEE of this project is in progress and it will be submitted to ADB in February 2005. As the project has been deemed environmentally sensitive by the CCO the EMP includes a budget; the SIEE must be submitted to the Board 120 days prior to the Board consideration; and, the SIEE must be posted on the ADB’s website and be made available to locally affected groups and NGOs upon request.
2.4.3. SUBPROJECT REVIEW PROCESS
As the Project is taking a block-like approach, eight priority core subprojects will be developed to feasibility level during the TA implementation. For each subproject, the following reports shall be prepared: - Feasibility Study Report (FSR); - Resettlement Plan (RP); - Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) (including EMP budget); - Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) if required; and, - Social/Poverty Impact Assessment (SPIA).
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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE HENGYANG CITY SUBPROJECT
3.1. TYPE, RATIONALE AND PURPOSE
Hengyang City subproject is an urban flood control construction project, its establishment will reduce the flood impact on the urban area of Hengyang City.
Hengyang City is the second biggest city of Hunan Province, with the rapid economic development of recent years, the annual economic amplitude reaches 10.8%. With the rapid economic development, the urban population increases day by day, and the existing population is 754.2 thousand, till 2010, the population in the urban area of Hengyang City will reach 1 million, and the controlling area of the urban area will be about 95km2.
Hengyang City is the located by the side of Xiangjiang River, Zhengshui flows from the west to east, merges into Xiangjiang River at Shiguzui of Shigu district, Leishui River flows from the east to west, and merges into Xiangjiang River in Zhuhui district and Dongshan of Pingxiang, three rivers merge jointly, in addition, as the topography is low, it will bring serious flood and waterlogging disasters to Hengyang City in the flood season. In 1924, 1931, 1933, 1937, 1949, 1954, 1962, 1968, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1982, and 1994, super flood happened in Hengyang City, and the flood of 1924 and 1994 is very serious, thus, it cause large loss. During the flood of 1994, the flood peak flow was 17600m3/s, the water level of Xiangjiang River of Hengyang station is 58.14m, and it is the max. actually-surveyed water level from the establishment of our country. 195 thousand persons in the urban area and 120 thousand in the rural area were stricken by disasters, the inundation area of crops was 95.2 thousand mu, foodstuffs of 13750 thousand kg were reduced, 364 industrial and mining enterprises were shut down, and the direct economic loss was 350 million yuan (price of the same year).
When 50-year-occurrence flood happens in the flood control protective area of Hengyang City Subproject, this project could avoid loss due to flood effectively, and if 10-year-occurrence drainage (waterlog) occurs, 24hrs rainfall could be drained out within 24hrs. After completion of these protective projects, the commerce and living of the impacted residents will become safer, the loss of personal property of urban residents, urban economic loss, and physical loss will be reduced.
3.2. SUBPROJECT OVERVIEW
In Hengyang City urban flood control project, 6 relatively independent protective circles will be constructed, 15 places to be heightened and consolidated, with a length of 59.16km, and 11 embankments to be prolonged due to heightened embankment, with a length of 5.74km. In the waterlogging drainage project, 26 electric drainage stations (53 pumps of 1397kW) and Lijiazhou flood diversion channel and its counterpart projects will be newly built. During the layout of the waterlogging drainage project, measures should be adjusted to local conditions, so as to drain rainstorm which is obstructed by the embankment project. The embankment should be designed by 50-year-occurrence standard, the drainage will be designed by 10-year-occurrence and that 24hrs rainstorm of the protective area will be drained out in 24hrs.The main works includes:
In Shigu, Xihu, Yanfeng, Zhuhui, Linghu, and Dongyang protective circles, 15 embankments will be heightened and consolidated, with a length of 59.16km, and 11 places to be prolonged, with a length of 15.74km. 88 cross-dike structures will be renovated and prolonged, the riprap banket of 3.41km, and 1 flood diversion channel of 3.20km will be newly built. 26 electric drainage stations, with 53 pumps of 13971Kw and Lijiazhou flood diversion channel and its counterpart projects will be newly built. The levee crown of various embankments reaches 18m, the road width is 10m,
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Reinforce the flood control non-structural measures. Perfect the telecommunication system, including the communication system, and computer network communications system; perfect the decision-making and supporting system of flood control and waterlogging harnessing; perfect the prewarning and forecast system, construct the wireless mobile warning and command network and the wireless alarm network, as well as prepare the flood control prewarning scheme. Foreseeable, the reinforcement of local equipment and personnel is an undivided part of the flood control management system of a big river basin. Within the flood management strategy and planning of the river basin, integrated with the organization to strengthen the urban overall flood management, the city will also evaluate and reinforce the planning and procedure work of its flood control prewarning scheme, evacuation, temporary salvation, and recovery after disaster. The project will support these activities, and the detailed approaches are as follows: provide personnel training for implementation, operation, and maintenance of the system, reinforce the organ; train personnel for the flood management, including offer hardware, software, and telecommunication equipment in proper time. In order to ensure that the non-structural engineering measures satisfy the flood management strategy, the discussion, decision-making, and cost calculation are required for the detailed demand.
Table 3-1 provides a summary of the project characteristics. Figure 3-1 provides the project site layout.
Table 3-1: Project Characteristics of Hengyang City Subproject
Subproject Key Characteristics Unit Value Total length of embankment km 75.26 Newly-built embankment km 8.46 Newly-built anti-flood wall type embankment km 5.47 Structures Newly-built sluice piece/gate / Newly-built pumping station seat/pump/kw 26/53/13971 Drainage flood diversion channel km 1/3.2 Concrete slope protection km Earth and rock excavation m3x103 1/3.2 Earth fill m3x103 536.52 Mortar rubble m3x103 29.00 Quantities Concrete and reinforced concrete m3x103 26.76 Steel bar t 3145 Grass Sod Revetment m2 1400300 mu 1282.5 Land acquisition area 2 hm 85.5 Social/ 2 3 Resettlement Houses appropriated and buildings m x10 80.175 Population resettled Person 2210
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Figure 3-1: Hengyang Subproject Site Layout
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3.3. LOCATION
Hunan is situated between 109° to 114° longitude east and 20° to 30° latitude north. Hengyang City is situated at the south part of Hunan Province, the middle reaches of Xiangjiang River, Leishui River, and Zhengshui River merge here, and divide the urban area of Hengyang City into 3 relatively independent parts, and the flood control and waterlogging drainage facilities of the project are located on the banks along the above 3 rivers. See figure 3-2 for details of landuse of the urban area of Hengyang City. The overall Subproject Study Area (SSA) is defined as the flood protection zone, which has an area of approximately 95.00km2.For the purposes of this environmental evaluation the Subproject Environmental Impact Area (SEIA) is defined as including: i) Protective circle within a distance of 100m between both banks of Xiangjiang River, commencing 200 meters upstream of the start of embankment construction and ending 200 meter downstream of terminus of embankment construction; ii) The area within a distance of 100m of both banks of the flood diversion channel.
The above zones will encompass the direct impact zones from most of the Subproject activities, including the creation or upgrading of embankments, the construction of the flood diversion works, and the construction of drainage and pumping works. In addition, the SEIA is also defined as including: - the area within a 100 m radius of the edge of the borrow pits; - the area within a 100 m radius of the edge of the sites for spoil disposal; and - the areas within a 100 m radius of the edge of the sites where displaced persons will be resettled.
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Figure 3-2: Hengyang C ity Subproject Landuse
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3.4. CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES
Considering the flood control and protection requirements of Hengyang City, as restricted by the natural landform and existing urban development, the choice for important measures is limited. The urgent demand is to restrict flood to enter into the low-lying urban belt from Xiangjiang River, Leishui River, and Zhengshui River. Based on the evaluation results, it is the most efficient and quickest choice to use the embankment with self-drainage facilities and pumping drainage discharge to drain out rainstorm and aerial drainage at the backwater side of the embankment. Accordingly, the choosing principle of the scheme is: adopt the reasonable embankment type and line; minimize the length of embankment, land acquisition, resettlement and relevant costs. The details are as follows:
- The earth embankment or anti-flood wall will be built in the sections along both banks of Xiangjiang River, Zhengshui River, and Leishui River, which easily happen flood disasters, try to seek after balance among the embankment location, total length, land acquisition, resettlement cost and impact, and materials required for reaching necessary flood control objectives;
- In the conditions of ensuring the position and dimension of sluice structure could offer effective drainage to severely-impact sites, especially the place by the side of the embankment with accumulated rainstorm runoff, try to minimize the dimension of overall structure and quantities of necessities;
- Impacted by backwater of Dayuandu water and power station in the lower reaches of Hengyang urban area, the self-drainage capacity of the sluice will be largely reduced, in addition, with the development of the city, the urban areas expand constantly, structure density increases, accordingly, the rainwater infiltration capacity decreases, therefore, the rainstorm runoff generation modulus increases. The development of the industrial and mining enterprise and increase of the population in the district will increase the discharge capacity of the urban sewage, therefore, flood and waterlogging disasters happen frequently. Therefore, the pumping service is required.
- Provide additional the discharge and catch drain, try to minimize runoff entering into the low-lying district, in addition, the dimension of structural buildings and demand of drainage facilities would be minimized.
- Ensure that the planned project could close completely, ensure that the protective area is protected reliably, and ensure to provide the prospective designed level protection to urban residents and flourishing economy of the city.
3.5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
3.5.1. EMBANKMENTS
The planned project includes 15 embankments to be heightened, with a length of 59.16km, 11 embankments to be heightened due to prolongation, with a length of 15.74km. The newly-built embankment will form 6 protective circles, distributing on both banks of Xiangjiang River, Zhengshui River, and Leishui River. The flood control design standard of the embankment is 50-year-occurrence, the above embankments include earth embankment of 49.330km, mixed embankment of 18.320km, and earth embankment + anti-flood wall of 7.610km. The wave wall will be built on the top of the earth embankment. The embankment will be built along the line of the river bank, that is, on the natural ground of the alluvial terrace, and then, form a closed flood control circle on the contour of the considerably high natural ground.
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With regard to the earth embankment, the concrete slope protection will be conducted on the sandy gravel course of the water-facing slope and between the low water and the embankment surface 1m below the flood water level; and the sodding protection will be taken for the residual part to the water-facing slope surface of the levee crown. In order to stabilize the slope surface, the backwater sides of all the embankments will be planted with sod for slope protection. The levee crown has the functions of roads and flood management passage, and the cement hardened pavement will be paved.
See table 3-2 for details of the embankment project characteristics, and see figure for typical embankment cross-section.
Table 3-2: Embankment Characteristics
Name of Embankment Starting and Ending Point of Embankment Protective River Basin Stake No. Name Embankment Length (m) Circle Zhengshui River and Zhengshui River Zhengshui Xiangjiang River joint ~the 0+000~3+640 3640 north embankment River second ring west road Zhengshui River and Yangjiaping Xiangjiang Xiangjiang River joint~No.2 Shigu 0+000~0+980 980 embankment River waterworks of Shuikou mountain No.2 waterworks of Shuikou Jiangxia Xiangjiang mountain ~Hengyang county 0+000~12+650 12650 embankment River interface Zhengshui River and Zhengshui River Zhengshui Xiangjiang River joint~ 0+000~1+500 1500 south embankment River Zhengxiang intersection Zhengshui River Zhengshui Zhengxiang intersection 1+500~11+870 10370 south embankment River ~Zhongping village Zhengshui River and Xihu Embankment of Xiangjiang Xiangjiang River joint 0+000~3+000 3000 west bank River ~Xiangjiang River highway railway bridge Xiangjiang River highway Embankment of Xiangjiang railway bridge ~Xiangjiang 3+000~6+970 3970 west bank River village Xiangjiang River Xiangjiang Xiangjiang village ~brick 0+000~2+830 2830 embankment River factory Yanfeng Tongqiaogang Xiangjiang Brick factory ~Wenchang 0+000~5+970 5790 embankment River village Heping Xiangjiang No.3 machinery factory ~No. 0+000~3+390 3390 embankment River 415 hospital Embankment of Xiangjiang No. 17 middle school ~ No.3 0+000~4+850 4850 east bank River machinery factory Zhuhui Jiangdong Xiangjiang No. 17 middle school 0+000~1+420 1420 embankment River ~Chengsanping Chengsanping ~ machinery Dongshan Leishui construction section of No.5 0+000~3+180 3180 embankment River Railway Bureau Linghu Leishui Fire-resisting material factory Linghu 0+000~10+910 10910 embankment River ~Linghu township Renmin Xiangjiang No. 415 hospital ~Hengkun 0+000~2+780 2780 embankment River expressway bridge Dongyang Xintang Xiangjiang No.2 middle school of the 0+000~4+000 4000 embankment River suburb ~side of the waterworks
3.5.2. CULVERT GATE
There are perfect drainage systems in Hengyang City, no new sluice is required, while, 88 sluices need renovation totally.
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Table 3-3: Summary of Engineering Quantities of Renovation and Prolongation of Sluice
C15 C20 Protective Earthwork Earthwork Mortar Steel Place 3 3 3 Concrete Concrete Circle Excavation (m ) Filling (m ) Rubble (m ) 3 3 Bar (t) (m ) (m ) Shigu 16 77761 67441 2660 1313 3542 283 Xihu 11 40067 34750 1371 677 1825 146 Yanfeng 19 155956 135258 5336 2634 7105 568 Zhuhui 14 28238 24491 966 477 1286 103 Linghu 10 18069 15671 618 305 823 66 Dongyang 20 61180 53061 2093 1033 2787 223 Total 88 381272 330671 13044 6440 17369 1389
Figure 3-3: Typical Embankment Cross-Section
3.5.3. ELECTRIC DRAINAGE STATION
The are 20 electric drainage stations in Hengyang City presently, the project will rebuild them, and newly build 6 electric drainage stations. After project completion, there will be 26 electric drainage stations in Hengyang City and 43 drainage pumps of 13971kW totally. One drainage gate will be equipped for each electric drainage station, when the water level within the gate is lower than the outer river level, and the gravity self-drainage could not be carried out, the gate will be opened for drainage. Once the flood peak passes, it could be drained by itself by the gravity.
Table 3-4: Electric Drainage Station Characteristics of the Urban Area, Hengyang City
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Designed Designed Existing Designed Newly-Increased Drainage Outer Water Inner Water Installed No. Name Total Flow Installed Capacity Area Level Level Capacity (m3/s) (piece*kw) (m) (m) (piece*kw) 1 Zijiagang Shigu 56.7 52.0 9.24 2*55 3*250 2 Sushangang Shigu 57.0 52.3 4.10 2*110 1*160 3 Wuyi Shigu 57.4 52.3 0.92 1*55 1*45 4 Yangjiaping Shigu 57.4 52.0 1.72 2*22 1*160 5 Huangshaping Shigu 57.5 49.5 9.26 3*180 2*315 6 Luosigang Shigu 57.5 50.5 12.32 2*155 4*280 7 Yangling Shigu 57.5 51.5 9.86 2*105 3*250 8 Wangjiayan Xihu 57.9 52.0 11.34 2*155 3*280 9 Honghu Xihu 57.7 52.0 9.89 2*105 3*250 10 Sanshi Yanfeng 58.0 52.3 4.54 2*55 2*185 11 Dingjiaqiao Yanfeng 58.1 51.7 8.48 2*155 2*315 12 Wugongqiao Linghu 57.4 52.3 6.51 2*110 2*250 13 Hudongsi Linghu 57.3 52.0 5.01 2*85 2*185 14 Daijiagang Zhuhui 57.0 52.0 3.43 1*55 2*160 15 Yanjiaping Zhuhui 57.2 52.0 12.3 3*155 3*250 16 Banbianjie Zhuhui 58.2 51.7 8.62 2*65 3*280 17 Zhuchong Dongyang 58.4 52.5 4.21 2*55 1*315 18 Hengjiagang Dongyang 58.8 52.3 4.89 2*155 1*250 19 Songjiapu Dongyang 58.9 52.5 1.94 1*155 1*75 20 Gangzikou Xihu 58.5 52.5 6.28 2*155 2*160 21 Tieludong Zhuhui 57.8 51.3 0.55 0 1*75 22 Hehuaping Zhuhui 57.8 51.2 1.12 0 1*132 23 Jiangjiawan Xihu 57.3 51.2 2.25 0 2*132 24 Tongqiaogang Yanfeng 58.7 51.8 26.4 0 5*630 25 Sanli Shigu 56.6 51.8 1.69 0 1*185 26 Niushiyan Shigu 57.8 51.8 1.96 0 1*220 Total 26 places 43 13971
3.5.4. FLOOD DIVERSION CHANNEL
One flood diversion channel will be newly built in the project, the flood diversion channel is located in Lijiazhou, with a flood diversion area of 41.75km2, and the designed flow of the flood diversion channel is 102m3/s, with a length of 3200m.
The total engineering quantities of Lijiazhou flood diversion channel are: earthwork excavation, 152 thousand m3, rock excavation, 54thousandm3, earthwork filling, 69thousandm3, mortar rubble, 5.6 thousandm3, concrete and reinforced concrete, 7.76 thousandm3, and steel bar, 472t. See table 3-5 for details of main engineering quantities of Hengyang City Urban Flood Control Project.
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Table 3-5: Main Works Quantities of Hengyang City Urban Flood Control Project
Concrete Fine Sandy Steel Earthwork Earthwork Mortar and Sodding Riprap Squared Stone Bar and No. Item Excavation Filling Rubble 3 Reinforced Protection 3 3 3 (10,000m ) Stone Cushion 2 Steel (10,000m ) (10,000m ) (10,000m ) 3 Concrete 3 (10,000m ) (10,000m ) 3 (10,000m ) (t) (10,000m ) Flood control I 83.45 516.03 27.80 2.36 1.38 23.86 20.41 140.03 1389 project Heightening and 1 45.32 482.96 26.50 2.36 1.38 21.48 20.41 140.03 thickening of embankment Renovation and 2 38.13 33.07 1.30 2.38 1389 prolongation of sluice Waterlogging II harnessing 38.46 20.49 1.18 2.85 1256 project Electric 1 drainage 17.86 13.59 0.62 2.07 1256 station project Flood diversion 2 20.60 6.90 0.56 0.78 channel project Total 121.91 536.52 28.98 2.36 1.38 26.71 20.41 140.03 2645
3.5.5. BORROW PITS AND SPOIL PILES
As for the project construction, the soil material of 5250 thousand m3, sand material of 440 thousand m3, gravel material of 100 thousand m3, and block stone of 400 thousand m3 are required totally. The soil material is used for embankment filling and cofferdam filling; the sand and gravel materials are required for slope protection concrete and anti-flood wall concrete mostly; and the block stone is used for mortar rubble retaining wall and banket mostly.
The block stone of the project will be purchased from the stone material yards of Daiyingling and pesticide plant, with a haul distance of 2~25km; sand and gravel materials will be purchased from sandy gravel material yards of Maoyetan, Niushizhou, and Wenjiazhou, with a haul distance of 1~30km; Shigu protective area will borrow earth from the soil material yards of Hengjiapu belt, with a haul distance of 1~5km, Xihu and Yanfeng protective area will borrow earth from the soil material yards of the municipal cable factory, with a haul distance of 3~5km,Zhuhui and Linghu protective area will borrow earth from the soil material yards of Baiyu power station, with a haul distance of 1~8km,Dongyang protective area will borrow earth from the soil material yards of Jigongshan ~ Zhoujialing, with a haul distance of 6km. The soil material for the embankment filing will use the excavated material of 85.3m3, and the slag amount is 506 thousand m3. There are 5 spoil areas in the project, with a land occupation of 39.2hm2. See table 3-6 for details of the main earthwork quantities of the project construction.
Table 3-6: Balance Sheet of Earthworks of Hengyang City Urban Flood Control Project
Earthwork Excavation Natural Cubic Earthwork Filling Solid Cubic Excavati Utilizatio Waste Fill Utilizatio Item Amount from on n Utilization part material amo n material yard amount amount amount unt amount Shigu 1449 Embankment 91900 41355 50545 35152 1414348 Shig embankment 500 u Electric drainage Shigu electric 2080 27119 24472 2647 20801 station drainage station 1
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Earthwork Excavation Natural Cubic Earthwork Filling Solid Cubic Excavati Utilizatio Waste Fill Utilizatio Item Amount from on n Utilization part material amo n material yard amount amount amount unt amount Electric drainage (Remov 1144 11448 11448 11448 station cofferdam al) 8 6744 Sluice 77761 76638 Shigu sluice 1124 67441 1 Sluice (Remov 1132 11328 11328 11328 cofferdam al) 8 Xihu 7330 Embankment 70600 21180 49420 18003 714997 embankment 00 Embankment (Remov 2362 (Clay 23625 23625 23625 cofferdam al) 5 sack) Electric drainage Xihu electric 1199 14972 14108 864 11992 station drainage station 2 Xihu Electric drainage (Remov 5088 5088 5088 5088 station cofferdam al) 3475 Sluice 40067 39489 Xihu sluice 578 34750 0 Sluice (Remov 7788 7788 7788 7788 cofferdam al) Yanfeng 4150 Embankment 107000 48150 58850 111668 303333 embankment 00 Electric drainage Yanfeng electric 8373 112431 98515 13916 83738 station drainage station 8 Electric drainage (Remov 1281 12816 12816 12816 station cofferdam al) 6 1352 Yanf Sluice 155956 153702 Yanfeng sluice 2254 135258 58 eng Sluice (Remov 2053 20532 20532 20532 cofferdam al) 2 flood diversion 152000 81176 70824 channel (soil) Flood diversion 6900 Yanfeng 69000 channel 0 54000 54000 embankment 0 (stone) Zhuhui 5523 Embankment 72100 21630 50470 18386 533915 embankment 00 Embankment (Remov (Clay 7875 7875 7875 7875 cofferdam al) sack) Electric drainage Zhuhui electric 1151 14425 13547 878 11515 Zhuh station drainage station 5 ui Electric drainage (Remov 6360 6360 6360 6360 station cofferdam al) 2449 Sluice 28238 27831 Zhuhui sluice 407 24491 1 (Remov Sluice cofferdam 9912 9912 9912 9912 al) Linghu 1257 Embankment 75900 34155 41745 29032 1228268 embankment 300 Electric drainage Linghu electric 5066 4408 658 3747 3747 station drainage station Ling Electric drainage (Remov 972 972 972 972 hu station cofferdam al) 1567 Sluice 18069 17808 Linghu sluice 261 15671 1 (Remov Sluice cofferdam 7080 7080 7080 7080 al) Dongyang 4225 Embankment 35700 16065 19635 294028 128472 Don embankment 00 gyan Dongyang Electric drainage g 4576 4484 electric drainage 92 4125 4125 station station
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Earthwork Excavation Natural Cubic Earthwork Filling Solid Cubic Excavati Utilizatio Waste Fill Utilizatio Item Amount from on n Utilization part material amo n material yard amount amount amount unt amount Electric drainage (Remov 1400 1400 1400 1400 station cofferdam al) 5306 Sluice 61180 60297 Dongyang sluice 883 53061 1 (Remov 1416 Sluice cofferdam 14160 14160 14160 al) 0 5505 Total 1359444 853009 506435 1041857 4463717 574
3.5.6. BUDGET
The total cost of the Hengyang City Urban Flood Control Subproject is estimated at 652647 thousand yuan, including: foreign capital (foreign exchange) of $33184 thousand (42.1%), and 377880 thousand yua of local counterpart funds (local currency costs). Since the subproject would be exempted from national taxes and duties these have been excluded from the cost calculations. The project costs include estimates of the interest during implementation, front-end fees, and commitment charges. The detailed cost estimation is introduced in the chapter 6 of the feasibility study report.
Table 3-7: Cost Estimates for Hengyang City Urban Flood Control Subproject ($ Million)
Item Domestic capital Foreign capital Total 1. Flood Control 25.43 27.35 52.78 2.Project Management 6.04 0.04 6.08 Total Baseline Costs 31.47 27.39 58.86 1. Physical Contingencies 3.15 2.74 5.89 2. Price Contingencies 0 0 0 Total Project Costs 43.25 30.12 73.38 Financial Charges During Implementation 2.38 3.06 5.44 Total Costs to be Financed 45.64 33.18 78.82
3.5.7. PROJECT PROGRESS
Based on the construction professional prediction, the implementation period of the project is 58 months, starting from August of the first year (2005). The planned construction sequence is: The first dry season will complete embankment, sluice, electric drainage station, and Lijiazhou flood diversion channel in Yanfeng protective area, the construction will be commenced from September of the first year and completed in May of the second year, with regard to the embankment, the earthwork excavation will be conducted firstly, then, the mortar rubble retaining wall, thirdly, the earthwork filling, lastly, the slope protection project will be carried out from the bottom to up. The electric drainage station and sluice in the embankment section will be conducted simultaneously, from the end of September of the first year, the cofferdam filling will be commenced, and it will be completed in March of the second year, firstly, the earthwork excavation, then, the concrete and mortar rubble, lastly, the earthwork backfill, electromechanical and metal structure fabrication and installation, and cofferdam removal.
The second dry season complete embankment, sluice, and electric drainage station in Xihu protective area. The third dry season complete embankment, sluice, and electric drainage station in Zhuhui protective area. The fourth dry season complete embankment, sluice, and electric
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Within 5 years, the construction of different structure will be parallel to construction of relevant embankments, while the total completion time may be longer than the earthwork project of relevant embankments. Project Management training and capacity building will be required in the initial stages of loan effectiveness to ensure the project can proceed smoothly within the allocated period. The non-structural measures will include the provision of equipment to enhance the operation of the existing hydrological stations, and improve the overall flood monitoring and forecasting system.
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4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
4.1. PHYSICAL RESOURCES
4.1.1. TOPOGRAPHY Hunan Province is enclosed by mountains and hills to the east, south and west, and drains northwards to the Yangtze River. Mountains and hills occupy approximately 75% of the province, and the remaining low lying area (Dongting Lake) is part of the Yangtze River floodplain. The majority of Hunan Province is formed by the mountainous natural catchments of the four major tributary rivers which flow into the Yangtze River. The center and northern parts of the province are generally low, forming a U-shaped basin with Dongting Lake at its center.
Hengyang City is located in the south of Hunan Province, whose urban area is passed by Xiangjiang River southward to northward in a form of word “S” and divided into east and west sides. On the left, there is Zhengshui River, while on the right two branches of Leishui River merge into Xiangjiang River at the lower reaches of urban area and form wide alluvial plain in project area. The terraces along banks are mature, the Terrace I is 53~65m in elevation, which is the main concentration site of principal urban area, and the Terraces II and III are situated at the low hillock on the edge of basin, with the elevation of 65~80m and 80~90m respectively.
4.1.2. GEOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY The geological investigation is carried out by Hunan Hydro and Power Design Institute and detailedly stated in Hengyang City Subproject Feasibility Study Report. The regional structure is classified to be the Hengyang~Xiangtan hollow zone of Neocathaysian, namely Hengyang structural basin, whose main structural feature presents NE and NN directions. There is no large regional rupture and no restrictive geological factors for the project construction.
According to China Zoning Map of Characteristic Cycle of Seismic Response Spectrum and China Zoning Map of Acceleration at Seismic Peak GB18306-2001 with the scale of 1:4,000,000 issued by state earthquake bureau, the characteristic cycle of earthquake response spectrum is 0.35s, the acceleration at seismic peak in the project area is 0.05g, and the basic seismic intensity is rated at Grade VI, so this district is relatively stable.
4.1.3. CLIMATE As the basin of Xiangjiang River is located at the subtropical humid region, Hengyang City enjoys a moderate climate, sufficient precipitation, long frost-free period and great impact of monsoon. Controlled by Siberia dry and old air mass controls in winter, the climate is dry and cold; while dominated by low-latitude oceanic ward and wet air mass, the climate is hot and humid. During the transition period of spring and summer, the frequent motion of frontal surface and cyclone results in the intermittent drizzles. Table 4-1 shows the climate parameters.
Table 4-1: Climate Characteristics
Parameter Unit Value Notes Average annual temperature 18.0 Highest temperature ℃ 40.5 In July 1971 Lowest temperature ℃ -7.9 On Jan. 30, 1977 Average annual precipitation ℃Mm 1334.9
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Average annual evaporating capacity Mm 1416.8 Average annual relative humidity % 78 Annual most wind direction NE Average annual wind speed m/s 1.9 Maximum wind speed m/s 25.0 On April 22, 1976 Average of maximum wind speed in flood season m/s 13.0
4.1.4. SURFACE WATER 4.1.4.1. HYDROLOGY AND FLOODING As the first grade branch of Yangtze River, Xiangjiang River originates from Haiyang Mountain in Lingchuan County, Guangxi Province, enters Dong’an County, Hunan Province via Xing’an and Quanzhou in Guangxi Province, passes through Lengshuitan, Qiyang, Hengyang, Hengshan, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan and Changsha, and immit Dongting Lake at estuary of Houhe River in Xiangyin. The trunk is 856km in total length, with the average river gradient of 0.134‰ and the basin area of 94660km2.
As the first grade branch of Xiangjiang River and located at the south of Hunan Province, Zhengshui River originates from Yan’ezhen in Shaodong County, passes through Hengyang and Hengnan Counties, and immit Xiangjiang River at Shigu in Hengyang City. The trunk is 194km in total length with the basin area of 3470km2.
As the first grade branch, as well as the second largest branch of Xiangjiang River, Leishui River is located in the southeast of Hunan Province, which originates from Yanzhubao in Guidong County, northwestwardly passes through Guidong, Yongxing and Leiyang, and immit Xiangjiang River at lower reaches of Hengyang City. The trunk is 453km in total length with the natural fall of 1163m. The riverhead above the reach of Guidong has a large gradient; the reach from Guidong to Dongjiang is regarded as upper reach with the average gradient of 3.6‰, the reach from Dongjiang to Baisha is the middle reach with the average gradient of 0.44‰, and that from Baisha to estuary of Leishui River is the lower reach with the average gradient of 0.24‰. The total control area of river basin is 11783km2.
Because it is located in the confluence of three rivers, Hengyang City is frequently affected by the flood and waterlogging disaster. The recorded super floods include those occurring in 1924, 1931, 1933, 1937 and 1949, among which that happening in 1924 was the most severe. Since the establishment of PRC, a total of 13 small and large floods have occurred, including 8 severe floods in 1954, 1962, 1968, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1982 and 1994 respectively, with the flood in 1994 being the most severe one with the largest loss. In 1994, the flow rate of flood peak was 17600m3/s, and the water level of Xiangjian River at Hengyang Station reached 58.14m, which is the highest water level since the establishment of PRC. A total of 195 thousand urban populations and 120 thousand rural populations has been affected, 362 houses with 4498m2 have been collapsed, 3496 houses with 36340m2 have been damaged, the agricultural crops of 95.2 thousand mu have been suffered, the grains of 13.75 million kg have been decreased, the houses of 7522m2 have been collapsed, 5310 houses with 61736m2 have been damaged, and 364 industrial and mining enterprises have been ceased, which resulted in the direct economic loss of CNY 0.350 billion (value in that year). The flood and waterlogging disaster is greatly harmful to the life and property of citizens in Hengyang City, and restricts the economic, cultural and urban development in Hengyang City. 4.1.4.2. WATER QUALITY Table 4-2 shows the function zoning of water area within the environmental impact area under Hengyang City Urban Flood Control Project.
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Table 4-2: Function Zoning of Water Area in Project Impact Area
Length Water Quality River Starting and ending point Function Zoning (km) Standard Tongqiao Port to 3000m of upper reaches of 2.0 Industrial water area III water intake of Dongjiang Water Worsk 3000m to 1000m of upper reaches of Protective Zone for edible water 2.0 III water source intake of Dongjiang Water Works 1000m of upper reaches to 200m of lower Protective Zone for edible reaches 1.2 II Xiangjia water source of water intake of Dongjiang Water Works ng 200m of lower reaches of water intake of Protective Zone for edible Dongjiang 1.5 III water source Water Works to Dingjiaqiao Dingjiaqiao to estuary of Zhengshui River Protective Zone for edible 5.0 II (Shigu) water source Estuary of Zhengshui River to 6000m of upper 22.4 Industrial water area III reaches of Shitang Village in Dapu Town 200m of lower reaches of water intake of Xiangheng Leishui 8.0 Industrial water area III Salt Mining to estuary of Xiangjiang River Zhengs Yingpo Barrage to estuary of Xiangjiang 52.0 Industrial water area IV hui River
There are two Grade I Protective Zones for edible water source in SSA and SEIA, with the total length of 6.2km; two Grade II Protective Zones for edible water source, with the total length of 3.5km; four water intakes of water works, namely water intakes of Hengyang Municipal Chengnan Water Works, Hengyang Municipal Chengbei Water Works, Jiangdong Water Works, and pharmaceutical factory as well as chemical plant, respectively. Among them, the water intake of Chengnan Water Works is located at the site (stake No.: 6+100m) on the west bank in Xihu Protective Zone, the water intake of Chengbei Water Works is located at the site (stake No.: 0+500m) on the west bank in Xihu Protective Zone, the water intake of Jiangdong Water Works is at the site (stake No.: 2+150m) on Heping Embankment in Zhuhui Protective Zone, and that of pharmaceutical factory and chemical plant is at the site (stake No.: 0+080m) on Jiangxia Embankment in Shigu Protective Zone.
Hengyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station has set up 8 sections along the trunk of Xiangjiang River, as well as several monitoring sections along each branch, so as to monitor 30 factors of water quality. The monitoring will be carried out once per month on the main sections along the trunk. The monitoring sections along Xiangjiang River relative to the project include three sections at Xingtangpu, Huangchaling and Zaoziping respectively. In addition, Zhengshuikou Section and Leishuikou Section have been set up along Zhengshui River and Leishui River respectively.
Table 4-3 presents the standard limit of fundamental items in Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment.
Table 4-4 shows the monitoring data for water quality at monitoring section along Xiangjiang River in 2002.
Table 4-5 shows the monitoring data for water quality at Zhengshuikou Section and Leishuikou Section in 2002.
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Table 4-3: Standard Limit of Fundamental Items in Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment
Water Quality Class No. Parameters (mg/L) I II III IV V Water Temperature The maximum average weekly water temperature variations caused by human activities 1 (°C) should be ≤1 increase, and ≤2 decrease. 2 pH 6~9
3 Dissolved Oxygen≥ 90% (or7.5) 6 5 3 2 4 Permanganate Index≤ 2 4 6 10 15 Chemical Oxygen 5 15 15 20 30 40 Demand≤ 6 BOD5≤ 3 3 4 6 10 7 NH4—N≤ 0.15 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.02 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 8 Total P≤ (Lake (Lake Reservoir (Lake (Lake (Lake Reservoir 0.01) 0.025) Reservoir 0.05) Reservoir 0.1) Reservoir 0.2) 9 Total N≤ 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 10 Cu ≤ 0.01 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 11 Zn ≤ 0.05 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 12 F- ≤ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 13 Se ≤ 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 14 As ≤ 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 15 Hg ≤ 0.00005 0.00005 0.0001 0.001 0.001 16 Cr ≤ 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.01 17 Pb ≤ 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.1 6+ 18 Cr ≤ 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 19 Cyanide≤ 0.005 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.2 Volatilized 20 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.1 Hydroxybenzene ≤ 21 Oil ≤ 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 1.0 22 Anionic surfactant ≤ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 23 Sulfide ≤ 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 Faecal coliform 24 200 2000 10000 20000 40000 (piece/L) ≤ Source: Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), National Standards of the People's Republic of China.
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Table 4-4: Statistics of Monitoring Result for Water Quality of Xiangjiang River at Monitoring Section in Hengyang City in 2002
Effective Data Maximum Minimum Average Superscale ratio% Parameter I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III pH 36 24 36 8.23 8.16 8.16 7.73 7.82 7.55 / 8.0 7.9 0 0 0
CODCr 36 24 36 4.63 5.34 5.3 0.96 1.52 1.75 2.90 3.0 3.1 0 12.5 0
BOD5 36 24 36 1.00 3.10 1.00 0.30 0.40 0.3 0.60 0.70 0.6 0 4.17 0 SS 36 24 36 204 223 219 6 6 6 29.8 29.1 30.1 / / /
2- SO4 36 0 36 29.6 / 36.6 0.3 0 1.2 13.1 / 20.6 0 0 0 CN- 36 24 36 0.011 0.038 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.0046 0.002 0 0 0 Oil 33 24 36 0.07 0.15 0.08 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.014 0.026 0.019 2.78 16.7 11.1 Volatilized Hydroxybenzene 36 24 36 0.006 0.005 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.0016 0.0017 0.0015 2.78 20.8 0 Cr6+ 36 24 36 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0 0 0 Hg X 10-3 36 24 36 0.11 0.11 0.26 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.055 0.065 2.78 12.5 25.0 Pb 36 24 36 0.01 0.011 0.016 0.002 0.001 0.0005 0.005 0.0047 0.0033 0 0 5.56 Cd 36 24 36 0.009 0.006 0.008 0.001 0.001 0.0001 0.004 0.003 0.0028 27.8 8.33 16.7 Zn 36 24 36 0.39 0.15 0.08 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.067 0.031 0.015 0 0 0 Mn 36 24 36 0.27 1.36 0.34 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.069 0.166 0.087 22.2 41.7 25.0 Cu 3 2 3 0.014 0.012 0.015 0.011 0.008 0.009 0.012 0.01 0.011 0 0 0 As 36 24 36 0.053 26 0.094 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.02 1.10 0.017 2.78 0 5.56 NH4--N 36 24 36 0.43 3.06 0.91 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.13 0.37 0.28 0 12.5 0 Total P 36 24 36 0.144 0.048 0.104 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.022 0.016 0.026 0 0 0 Coliform group 12 8 12 2800 3400 9200 330 700 1700 1758 2030 3609 0 16.7 0 DO 36 24 36 10.26 10.15 9.72 5.7 5.40 5.3 7.7 7.79 7.00
NOTE: I, II AND III REFER TO MONITORING SECTIONS FOR NIORMAL WATER QUALITY IN XINTANGPU, HUANGCHALING AND ZAOZIPING RESPECTIVELY.
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Table 4-5: Statistics of Monitoring Result at Zhengshuikou and Leishuikou Monitoring Sections in 2002
Effective Data Maximum Minimum Average Superscale ratio% Parameter IV V IV V IV V IV V IV V pH 12 12 7.91 8.01 7.44 7.72 / / 0 0
CODCr 12 12 7.87 4.41 4.96 1.90 6.40 2.91 0 0
BOD5 12 12 3.50 0.70 1.10 0.40 1.60 0.55 0 0 SS 12 12 253 69 13 6 51 15.8 / / CN- 12 12 0.005 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.0024 0.002 0 0 Oil 5 5 0.085 0.025 0.002 0.002 0.0438 0.009 0 0 Volatilized Hydroxybenzen 12 12 0.01 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.0023 0.0014 0 0 Cr6+ 12 12 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0 0 Hg ×10-3 12 12 0.23 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.078 0.05 0 0 Pb 12 12 0.008 0.013 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.0039 0 0 Cd 12 12 0.004 0.004 0.001 0.0005 0.0022 0.0016 0 0 Zn 12 12 0.05 0.02 0.005 0.005 0.013 0.01 0 0 Mn 12 12 0.75 0.26 0.005 0.005 0.16 0.065 / / As 12 12 0.009 0.026 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.012 0 0 NH4--N 12 12 2.53 0.63 0.14 0.09 1.00 0.27 8.33 0 Total P 12 12 0.14 0.087 0.012 0.012 0.04 0.025 0 0 Coliform group 4 4 9200 3500 1400 1300 5100 2575 0 0 DO 12 12 7.07 8.42 1.00 5.51 4.61 7.07 0 0
NOTE: IV AND V REFER TO MONITORING SECTIONS FOR NORMAL WATER QUALITY IN ZHENGSHUIKOU AND LEISHUIKOU. Tables 4-3 and 4-4 indicate that the main items exceeding the standard at three sections along Xiangjiang River include oil, volatilized hydroxybenzen, Hg, Cd, Mn, As and coliform group, and those at Zhengshuikou Section include NH4—N, therefore the water quality at Xintangpu, Huangchaling and Zaoziping Sections fails to meet the requirement for function zoning of those sections. The water quality at Leishuikou Section is good, which can meet the Class III standard for water quality and the requirement for function zoning of water area at this reach.
4.1.5. AIR QUALITY Seven monitoring sites have been set up by Hengyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station in the urban area of Hengyang City, which are located at Hengyang Chemical Plant, Municipal Instrument and Meter Plant, Environmental Protection Bureau in Zhuhui Area, Municipal Monitoring Station, Municipal Colliery Factory, Railway Epidemic Prevention Station and 169 Hospital respectively. All monitoring sites will automatically monitor such items as SO2, NO2 and TSP.
In this report, the monitoring data in five days in January, April, July and October respectively have been adopted as evaluation data, and the daily average specified in Class II standard in national Standard for Ambient Air Quality will be used as evaluation standard. The daily average 3 density of SO2 is limited to be 0.15mg/Nm , the daily average density of NO2 is limited to be 0.12mg/Nm3, and that of TSP is limited to be 0.30mg/Nm3. Table 4-6 shows the monitoring data for air in urban area of Hengyang City in 2002.
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Table 4-6: Statistics of Daily Average Result of Ambient Air Quality in Hengyang City in 2002
January April July October Distric Ite Sampl Daily Daily Daily Daily Density Density Density Density t m e No. averag averag averag averag range range range range e e e e Plant Plant Chemical Hengyang SO 0.065~0.44 0.008~0.14 0.047~0.18 0.050~0.10 0.257 0.081 0.085 0.059 80 9 4 8 1 2 NO 0.022~0.11 0.012~0.04 0.013~0.04 0.031~0.05 0.076 80 5 0.028 0.025 0.039 2 2 2 1 TS 0.265~0.56 0.203~0.40 0.093~0.15 0.146~0.26 80 0.455 0.299 0.123 0.189 P 8 3 5 9 and Meter Plant and Meter Instrument Municipal SO 0.048~0.12 0.008~0.08 0.008~0.09 0.008~0.03 80 0.068 0.037 0.028 0.014 2 8 0 2 0 NO 0.043~0.11 0.003~0.02 0.019~0.05 0.035~0.12 80 0.065 0.019 0.031 0.061 2 1 7 1 0 TS 0.299~0.39 0.123~0.26 0.104~0.16 0.118~0.19 80 0.328 0.190 0.143 0.159 P 2 9 8 9 Zhuhui Zhuhui Area in Bureau Protection Environmental SO 0.097~0.27 0.031~0.41 0.014~0.07 80 0.179 / / 0.110 0.038 2 4 3 8 NO 0.078~0.08 0.029~0.06 0.049~0.07 80 0.082 / / 0.039 0.063 2 5 1 6 TS 0.123~0.28 0.091~0.18 0.029~0.28 80 0.195 / / 0.130 0.163 P 6 3 4 Station Monitoring Municipal SO 0.126~0.29 0.008~0.06 0.025~0.10 0.028~0.06 80 0.223 0.027 0.044 0.035 2 2 7 1 0 NO 0.168~0.24 0.031~0.07 0.012~0.05 0.034~0.05 80 0.187 0.045 0.034 0.041 2 1 3 2 0 TS 0.153~0.42 0.095~0.22 0.102~0.20 0.150~0.49 80 0.365 0.173 0.156 0.317 P 3 1 6 8 Note: Unit: mg/Nm3 According to the analysis on monitoring values of current status of ambient air, the ambient air quality in urban area in Hengyang City suffered pollution, and principally caused by incity traffic and industrial pollution, such items as SO2, NO2 and TSP exceeded standard in certain degree.
4.1.6. SOUND ENVIRONMENT QUALITY 145 monitoring sites for sound environment have been set up by Hengyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station in the urban area, which present a square and gridding layout. The gridding size is 500m×500m. Table 4-7 shows the sound environment quality in monitoring sites in function areas Class I, II, III and IV of urban sound environment.
Table 4-7: Statistics of Monitoring Result for Urban Environment Noise in Hengyang City in 2002
Leq Class of Monitoring L L L Standard Main Sound Monitoring Site dB 90 50 10 Function Area Time dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) or not Source (A) Hengyang Sport 17:00 Sept. Class I 49.6 41.0 48.5 54.0 Standard Livelihood Commition 9
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Leq Class of Monitoring L L L Standard Main Sound Monitoring Site dB 90 50 10 Function Area Time dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) or not Source (A) 23:00 Sept. 43.1 40.0 42.5 44.0 Standard 13 8:00 Sept. 49.3 44.0 48.5 53.5 Standard 10 Xihu Park (west) Livelihood 23:00 Sept. 44.9 39.5 42.5 45.0 Standard 13 16:00 Sept. 49.6 40.5 47.5 53.0 Standard Hengyang construction 9 Traffic and Installation Co. 23:00 Sept: 44.1 37.5 42.5 46.0 Standard 12 Class II 16:00 Sept. 45.3 37.0 44.5 51.0 Standard 9 Dongqiao Port Traffic 22:00 Sept. 41.8 37.0 41.5 45.0 Standard 13 11:00 Sept. 52.6 41.6 49.5 55.5 Standard Hengyang Rubber 9 Industry Factory 23:00 Sept. 49.9 39.0 49.0 54.5 Standard 11 Class III 11:00 Sept. 48.1 39.5 47.5 55.5 Standard Hengyang Electric 9 Industry Power Plant 23:00 Sept. 43.3 38.0 42.5 46.0 Standard 11 15:00 Sept. 51.7 42.0 49.5 58.0 Standard Zhengshui Railway 9 Traffic Bridge (South) 23:00 Sept. 44.0 40.5 44.0 47.5 Standard 11 Class IV 15:00 Sept. 50.1 42.5 49.0 56.5 Standard Municipal Liquefied Gas 9 Traffic Station 22:00 Sept. 43.7 40.0 43.0 46.5 Standard 12 From the Table, we can conclude that the sound environment quality in urban area of Hengyang City is favorable, and the noise monitoring results at all monitoring sites can comply with the classes of function areas of sound environment.
4.2. ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
4.2.1. VEGETATION Hengyang City is located at the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone. Close to the urban area of Hengyang City, the project area is classified to be the hillock economic forest area and firewood forest area, with a low forest coverage ratio at 17.32%. The main vegetation includes masson pine forest, oil-tea forest, fir forest, and tung tree forest; while at low district, the farmland vegetation takes large area.
Hengyang City Subproject is located at the bank of Xiangjiang River, Zhengshui River and Leishui River in urban area of Hengyang City. There is less natural vegetation in SSA and SEIA, and the houses, commercial buildings and roads around urban area fully replaced the natural vegetation. The urban vegetation includes economic trees and trees for landscape; while the suburb vegetation mainly includes farmland vegetation, shrubbery and little masson pine forest. There are no records or reports of rare or endangered flora or historic trees in the SSA or SEIA.
4.2.2. TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC WILDLIFE Most of the subproject area is urban or semi-urban, and as there is very little natural habitat, though there are reports of wildlife (principally the small vertebrate, but the information is not
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more specific) in the hills in the remote surrounding region, there is no wildlife fauna in project impact area. The terrestrial animals in the SEIA primarily consist of rodents and birds, as well as farm animals. There are no records or reports about protected or endangered terrestrial or aquatic species in the project study area.
4.2.3. FISHERIES The recorded fishes in Hengyang Subproject Area amount to 120 species, 67 genera, 20 families, and 8 orders. Most of them are cyprinids, and the principal commercial fishes total over 20 species, such as black fish, grass fish, chub, bighead, carp, crucian, bream, gurnard and Elopichthys bambusa, among which the chub, bighead, grass fish, carp, silver xenocypris and crucian have been the principal breeding fishes. The aquatic plants include lotus root, seeds of Gordon euryale, and water caltrop. The reach from Chejiang to Bofang along Xiangjinag River is one of the four large spawning sites for domestic fishes, however the establishment of Dayuandu Hydropower Station and Zhuzhou Navigation Key Project prevents the fishes from free moving between upper and lower reaches of Xiangjiang River, and consequently the spawning sites at this reach is gradually disappeared. In addition, no rare fishes and migratory fishes are found in this reach.
4.2.4. PROTECTED AREAS AND NATURE RESERVE No protected area, natural reserve or natural park in project impact area.
4.3. SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS
4.3.1. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE Located in the urban area of Hengyang City, Hengyang City Urban Flood Control Project covers four areas with 543km2, namely Zhengxiang, Yanfeng, Shigu and Zhuhui areas, and affects 798.5 thousand persons in 21 sub-districts and 141 villager committees in seven townships, 4 towns. The population density reached 464 persons/km2.
Table 4-8 presents the population composition in the urban areas (excluding Nanyue Area) of Hengyang City in 2003.
Table 4-8: Population in Project Area under Hengyang City Urban Flood Control Project
Total Total Agricultural Non-agricultural Male Female Households Population Population Population Level of Urbanization Area (10000 (10000 (10000 (10000 (10000 (10000 (%) persons) persons) households) persons) persons) persons) Zhuhui 8.26 26.83 13.72 13.11 24.65 2.18 91.87 Yanfeng 6.13 19.48 9.90 9.58 19.48 100.00 Shigu 6.52 19.70 10.09 9.61 19.70 100.00 Zhengxiang 6.01 20.07 10.40 9.67 18.45 1.62 91.93 Source: Hengyang Statistical Yearbooks (2009)
4.3.2. ECONOMIC PROFILE At the early stage of establishment of PRC, Hengyang City was a small city with 186.7 thousand persons only. However, since the reform and opening-up, it has achieved rapid development of industrial production and urban construction. By the end of 2002, the built urban area of
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Hengyang City has reached 61.84km2, the total urban population was 900.0 thousand, and the GDP amounted to CNY 11.399 billion. Currently, Hengyang City has gradually developed into a new industrial city engaged in multiple sectors, such as metallurgy, machinery, chemical industry, building materials and light textile industry.
In 2002, the GDP of Zhuhui, Yanfeng, Shigu and Zhengxiang Areas under the jurisdiction of urban area of Hengyang City totaled CNY 11.399 billion, and the GDP per capita was CNY 13497, equivalent to 194% of average per capita (CNY 6963) in Hunan Province. Concerning the composition of GDP, those from primary, secondary and tertiary industries accounted for 3.92%, 38.12% and 57.96% respectively. The income per rural resident was CNY 6525.84, and that per rural resident was CNY 4159.
4.3.3. MINORITY PROFILE Most populations in Hengyang City are Han people, and the ethnical minorities total 40 with 8765 persons, accounting for 0.136% of total population. The main ethnical minorities include Yao, Zhuang, Tujia, Miao, Dong, Man and Hui, with their populations accounting for 31.25%, 11.61%, 10.83%, 9.69%, 9.66%, 5.46% and 5.36% in total population of ethnical minorities. There is no concentrated residential area for ethnical minorities in the urban area of Hengyang City, and most of them came to the city through marriage or job allocation and scattered in SSA. These minority persons are entitled to the same rights to education and employment as Han people and there are no obvious differences in their economic conditions and income levels.
4.3.4. ARCHAEOLOGY, CULTURAL AND RECREATIONAL PROFILE There is no special relic, cultural sits and recreational spot in SEIA.
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5 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
5.1 APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING
This chapter assesses potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed Subproject and recommends appropriate mitigation measures where necessary. Potential environmental impacts are analyzed by examining the impact of each stage of the Subproject implementation on the natural and human environment. Each component identified as having the potential for negative impacts is assessed in detail, including a review of potential impacts, recommendations for appropriate mitigation measures, recommendations for additional environmental analysis (if required), and analysis of residual impacts, if any.
The environmental screening is based on:
– a review of Government of China (GOC) publications, scientific literature, and previous technical and environmental impact studies;
– a review of available information on the Subproject design;
– consultation with local subproject Project Management Offices (PMOs), Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) and other agencies;
– relevant guidelines and policies of the Asian Development Bank (see Section 2.2);
– field visits and surveys.
The result of the screening of potential environmental impacts is summarized in Table 5-1.
5.2 SITING
5.2.1 LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT
5.2.1.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT In Hengyang City Urban Flood Control Project, the permanent land occupation is 85.5hm2, including cultivated land of 66.7hm2, and 541 households of 2210 persons will be impacted totally. The residual is rural housing plot and urban construction land. On average, each affected person will lose a land of 0.03hm2. During the project construction period, the temporary land occupation is 215.54hm2, including dry land of 39.74hm2.
Additionally, the houses of 80175m2 should be demolished, and 541 households of 2210 persons should be relocated.
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ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT HENGYANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)
TABLE 5-1: SUMMARY SCREENING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON NATURAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT, HENGYANG CITY SUBPROJECT Activities/ Significance of Impact Threatened Estimated Potential Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Recommended Mitigation Responsible Environmental No Significant Budget Impacts Measures Agency 4 2 3 and Social Impact Low Medium High (10 CNY) Resources Environmental Issues Associated with Subproject Siting - All recommendations for (-) compensation and - 85.5hm2 of resettlement presented in the permanent land Hengyang SPIA and RP acquisition should be fully implemented. including - A Hengyang Subproject Risk of serious 2 66.7hm Facilities Siting Plan (FSP) to Land Acquisition social inequities cultivated land. be developed which - PMO 13.82 and if compensation - 541 households appropriately locates - Local EPB (FSP cost) Resettlement is inadequate or demolished temporary worker camps, inappropriate. involving 2210 construction facilities, soil people. disposal sites, etc, to minimize - 215.54hm2 of social and environmental temporary land impacts acquisition. - Hengyang EPB to review and approve the FSP. (-) - 66.7hm2of - All recommendations for permanent compensation and cultivated land resettlement presented in the acquisition, Risk of reducing Hengyang SPIA and RP Encroachment affecting a total of income should be fully implemented. - PMO - Refer to FSP into Productive 541 households generation of - Hengyang EPB to review and - Local EPB cost, above. Agrosystems and 2210 affected families. approve the FSP so as to persons. 2 minimize temporary farmland 39.74hm acquisition for worker camps, cultivated land is construction facilities, etc. temporarily occupied. Encroachment Loss of No sensitive - As part of the development of - PMO - Refer to FSP
2 All costs associated with compensation and resettlement are presented in the Resettlement Plans (RPs). 3 The full Environmental Management Plan (EMP) budget is presented in Table 7-1. Some cost categories included in Table 7-1, such as administration, training, site inspections, monitoring, and government revegatation fee are not included in this table.
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Activities/ Significance of Impact Threatened Estimated Potential Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Recommended Mitigation Responsible Environmental No Significant Budget Impacts Measures Agency 4 2 3 and Social Impact Low Medium High (10 CNY) Resources into Precious ecological resources or the FSP an ecological - Local EPB cost, above. Ecological Areas resources such rare and safeguard survey should be - HHPDI as wetlands and endangered undertaken to identify any rare and flora and fauna potential sensitive terrestrial endangered flora identified in the or aquatic ecological and fauna. SEIA. resources. - Hengyang EPB to review and approve the FSP so as to ensure no ecological resources are impacted.
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Activities/ Significance of Impact Threatened Estimated Potential Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Recommended Mitigation Responsible Environmental No Significant Budget Impacts Measures Agency 4 2 3 and Social Impact Low Medium High (10 CNY) Resources - Public Affairs and Culture Relics Bureau to review the FSP so as to ensure that no other historical or cultural features have the potential to be impacted. - As part of the FSP approval process the Hengyang EPB should consult the Public Affairs and Culture Relics Bureau to ensure that there are no other historical or cultural areas that will be affected. - Any historical or cultural - PMO No historical, Encroachment feature within the SEIA should - Local EPB Loss of cultural cultural, and on Historical or be designated a no entry-zone - Administrative - Refer to FSP relics and entertainment - Cultural on the Hengyang FSP. office for cost, above resources sites within Features - Any historical or cultural cultural relic SEIA. feature within 25 m of a - Contractor construction site or 5 m of a project transportation route should be demarcated with flagging to enforce the no-entry designation. In addition, if any of these features are designated by the Public Affairs and Culture Relics Bureau as being sensitive to construction related impacts then they should be protected with fencing or other suitable measures. (-) - The Public Roads and - PMO - Cost of - Construction of dikes Transportation Administration - Public Traffic trans-portation Transportation Economic loss may cause localized Bureau to be consulted to Department alternatives and short-term traffic ensure access routes are not - Contractor included in
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Activities/ Significance of Impact Threatened Estimated Potential Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Recommended Mitigation Responsible Environmental No Significant Budget Impacts Measures Agency 4 2 3 and Social Impact Low Medium High (10 CNY) Resources disruptions. unduly affected and that capital budget sufficient alternatives are provided. Apparently no Mineral mineral Economic loss Resources resources affected. - Any affected public facilities - Cost of will be replaced or repaired, replacement of (-) - PMO Public Facilities Economic loss and compensation should be public facilities - Break of power line - Contractor provided to any affected included in persons or enterprises. capital budget Environmental Issues Associated with Subproject Construction Dike construction Local hydrology should not affect changes Hydrology the hydrology of
Xiangjiang,
Zhengshui, and Leishui Rivers A site construction EMP will be developed. The EMP will require that: (-) - All construction areas should - Erosion from have a siltation fence construction sites protecting the Xiangjiang, and source rock and Zhengshui, and Leishui Rivers Soil erosion may soil piles may reduce from erosion and siltation reduce water water quality in along the entire length of the - PMO 91.6 Water Quality quality and Xiangjiang, construction site. - Contractor impact aquatic Zhengshui, and - In addition, in areas classified ecology Leishui Rivers and as water source protection other local water zones silt traps should be bodies. installed at natural drainage entry points in construction sites. - All other construction sites within 50 m of water bodies
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Activities/ Significance of Impact Threatened Estimated Potential Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Recommended Mitigation Responsible Environmental No Significant Budget Impacts Measures Agency 4 2 3 and Social Impact Low Medium High (10 CNY) Resources should have siltation fences on the downstream drainage side to protect against erosion and siltation. If these sites are near water source protection zones silt traps should also be installed on any drainage points. - Rock and dirt piles should be covered when not in use, and siltation fences and traps should be installed on the downstream drainage side if near water bodies. - Exposed dikes and ground surfaces should be protected with appropriate engineered and vegetative protection measures, including grass, cement, etc. The EMP will require that: - Wastewater from concrete (-) washing and curing should - Approximately 2.07 only be directed to the local million m3 of sewer system or local construction drainage channels near the Construction wastewater from construction site and not waste water washing and curing directly to the Xiangjiang, disposal may concrete works will Zhengshui, and Leishui - PMO reduce water 9.38 be produced which Rivers. - Contractor quality and may have a - Water from vehicle and impact aquatic short-term impact on equipment washing should be ecology the water quality in directed to the local sewer the Xiangjiang, system or local drainage Zhengshui, and channels near the Leishui Rivers. construction site and not directly to the Xiangjiang, Zhengshui, and Leishui
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Activities/ Significance of Impact Threatened Estimated Potential Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Recommended Mitigation Responsible Environmental No Significant Budget Impacts Measures Agency 4 2 3 and Social Impact Low Medium High (10 CNY) Resources Rivers. Oils should be removed as much as practical. - Receiving drainage ditches should be equipped with a bioswale and siltation traps prior to their discharge to any major receiving water body. The EMP will require that: - Temporary toilets will be provided at a rate of 1 for every twenty workers. - All domestic wastewater from the workers camps should be collected and discharged to the municipal sewerage (-) - Contractor Inappropriate system. - Approximately - Hengyang sewage disposal 3 - On-site sewage will be 0.2724 million m Health and 9.38 could impact collected as necessary by the domestic wastewater Sanitation water quality Hengyang Health and will be generated. Department Sanitation Company and treated or discharged to the municipal sewerage system. - Regular cleaning and disinfection of the toilets should be undertaken so as to avoid breeding of flies and mosquitoes. The EMP will require that: - Maximum use should be Inappropriate made of on site excavated excavated spoil (-) materials so as to minimize disposal may - Up to 0.506 spoil production. - PMO Solid Waste impact the 3 84.88 million m spoil - The disposal sites should be - Contractor overall will be generated. identified in the FSP, and environmental should not be in or near any quality sensitive areas. - Spoil disposal should only be
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Activities/ Significance of Impact Threatened Estimated Potential Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Recommended Mitigation Responsible Environmental No Significant Budget Impacts Measures Agency 4 2 3 and Social Impact Low Medium High (10 CNY) Resources allowed in designated sites. - Erosion protection measures such as silt fences and covering the spoil mounds should be implemented. - Upon completion of construction the spoil deposits should be re-vegetated with appropriate native grasses and shrubs. The EMP will require that: - Maximum use should be made of on construction Inappropriate (-) rubble as fill where/ if construction - Construction rubble appropriate. disposal may will be generated - Rubble should only be stored - PMO . reduce overall with building on sites temporarily, and - Contractor environmental demolition and dike should be land filled if space is quality rehabilitation. available, or disposed of in a designated construction waste disposal site as approved by the Hengyang EPB. The EMP will require that: - Waste containers will be provided at a rate of 1 for every twenty workers. - Domestic solid waste Inappropriate (-) produced by construction - Contractor domestic solid - Up to 2270t of workers must be deposited - Hengyang waste may domestic waste will into waste containers. Health and 9.03 reduce overall be produced by - Collection and disposal of Sanitation environmental construction workers. domestic solid waste will be Department quality undertaken by the Hengyang Health and Sanitation Company. Waste disposal will only be allowed at the Hengyang deposit site. Air Quality Dust may reduce (-) - Transportation roads within - Contractor 8.07
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Activities/ Significance of Impact Threatened Estimated Potential Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Recommended Mitigation Responsible Environmental No Significant Budget Impacts Measures Agency 4 2 3 and Social Impact Low Medium High (10 CNY) Resources air quality - Dust from the construction site should be transportation hardened. machinery will - Transportation roads within create dust within the construction site and the 30 m of roads. surrounding urban area - Dust may be should be regularly sprayed generated by with water so as to control cement transport dust. and mixing. - Truck loads should be - Soil and spoil covered with an awning to piles may prevent dust emissions. generate dust. - The cement transport and - Dike construction mixing process should be in urban areas carried out under closed may create conditions. Cement should be localized dust transported by closed tankers, problems. and should be conveyed to the concrete mixer by a closed cement pump. - Soil piles should be covered unless being actively used. Piles should be sprayed with water when not covered. Spoil should also be covered unless being actively used, and should be sprayed with water when not covered. - For construction of dikes close to dense residential areas fiber texture protection fences should be installed on the urban side of the dike to reduce air and noise pollution. (-) - All construction machinery Vehicle - Vehicle and heavy and transportation vehicles emissions may machinery emissions should be equipped with - Contractor 2.69 reduce air quality will have localized exhaust emission systems impact. that meet relevant PRC
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Activities/ Significance of Impact Threatened Estimated Potential Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Recommended Mitigation Responsible Environmental No Significant Budget Impacts Measures Agency 4 2 3 and Social Impact Low Medium High (10 CNY) Resources emission standards. - Vehicle emission systems should be inspected at constriction outset and then on a bi-annual basis. Noise from Transport Vehicles - vehicle overloading is prohibited; - horn operation in urban areas is prohibited; - all vehicles should have functioning mufflers that meet relevant standards.
Transportation Noise from Heavy and heavy Machinery machinery (-) - all construction machinery operation may - Potential for should be in full compliance affect local noise impacts with Standards of peoples and where Environmental Noise in Urban Noise Pollution workers. construction is Area (GB3096-93); - Contractor 2.00 taking place in - low noise construction Dike densely methods should be adopted construction in populated urban wherever possible; urban areas may areas. - regular maintenance of affect local machinery should be residents undertaken to reduce operational noises. - construction personnel working in high noise level situations should be provided with protective equipment and should not work continuously in such situations for more than 6 hours per day.
Dike Construction:
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Activities/ Significance of Impact Threatened Estimated Potential Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Recommended Mitigation Responsible Environmental No Significant Budget Impacts Measures Agency 4 2 3 and Social Impact Low Medium High (10 CNY) Resources - construction of dikes in urban areas is prohibited between from 10:00 pm to 6:00 am daily; - in areas that are particularly sensitive to noise (e.g. within 200 m of schools and hospitals), structural measures such as sound separation walls should be implemented. Compensation for high noise levels may also be required. - As part of the development of the FSP an ecological safeguard survey should be undertaken to identify any potential sensitive terrestrial or aquatic ecological resources. - Hengyang EPB to review and - PMO - Refer to FSP (-) approve the FSP so as to 2 - Hengyang cost, above 85.5hm of land to be ensure no valuable ecological EPB permanently occupied resources are impacted. 2 Threat to or loss and 215.54hm to be
Flora of important temporarily occupied Compensation vegetation
flora. do not include any should be planted at all suitable
rare or endangered locations. Specifically:
flora, primary forest or - native grasses should be 28.80 special habitat. planted along dikes slopes in - Contractor order to provide slope protection; - all borrow pit areas should be fully re-vegetated with appropriate native species of grass, shrubs or trees in order to replicate local natural vegetation cover;
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Activities/ Significance of Impact Threatened Estimated Potential Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Recommended Mitigation Responsible Environmental No Significant Budget Impacts Measures Agency 4 2 3 and Social Impact Low Medium High (10 CNY) Resources - all spoil disposal sites should be fully re-vegetated with grasses, shrubs or trees in order to replicate local natural vegetation cover. - Trees and vegetation to be planted in areas targeted for resettlement - As part of the development of the FSP an ecological (-) 2 safeguard survey should be 85.5hm of temporary undertaken to identify any land occupation and Threat to or loss potential sensitive terrestrial - PMO 215.54hm2 of - Refer to FSP Fauna of important or aquatic ecological - Hengyang temporary land cost, above fauna. resources. EPB occupation does not - Hengyang EPB to review and include any rare or approve the FSP so as to endangered fauna. ensure no ecological resources are impacted. Threat to or loss The impact on of important Aquatic Life the aquatic lives - - aquatic flora and is minor fauna. - A Health and Safety plan will be developed that will specify the Health and Safety obligations of the contractor. (-) - Workers should be healthy Worker camp will Potential for and free of infectious diseases generate: Public Health disease at when joining the construction 2270t of domestic - PMO and Safety worker camps if phase. 14.28 rubbishes - Contractor Protection sanitation is 3 - Any worker who develops an 272.4 thousand m of poor. infectious disease should domestic sewage receive adequate medical
care, and should be quarantined during the infectious period. - Any disease out break shall
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Activities/ Significance of Impact Threatened Estimated Potential Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Recommended Mitigation Responsible Environmental No Significant Budget Impacts Measures Agency 4 2 3 and Social Impact Low Medium High (10 CNY) Resources be reported to the relevant health authorities immediately. All instructions issued by the health authorities to deal with the outbreak shall be immediately implemented. - Workers must be provided with protective gear as required by the PRC Labor Law (1994) and relevant Hunan provincial regulations. - The maximum working shift is 8 hours per day. - In high noise conditions a maximum of 6 hours per day only is permitted. - Best practice on and off site safety practices to be implemented, including limiting vehicle speeds, fencing unsafe sites, etc. - In addition, see the requirements noted above for domestic waste and sewage. Impact problems during the operation period of the subproject Environmental Issues Associated with Subproject Operation - The dikes will have no (+) significant effect - Reduction in Modifications to on the water flooding in Hydrology hydrology and levels of Hengyang flooding. Xiangjiang, protection Zhengshui, and zones Leishui River
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Activities/ Significance of Impact Threatened Estimated Potential Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Recommended Mitigation Responsible Environmental No Significant Budget Impacts Measures Agency 4 2 3 and Social Impact Low Medium High (10 CNY) Resources (+) - Improved flood protection will reduce Reduction in Water Quality ecological water quality. damage and water pollution from flood events (+) Impacts on No negative - Flood protection will Flora and Fauna important flora impacts on flora reduce damage to and fauna. and fauna. flora and fauna within the protection zone. (-) - Cost incurred Air quality - Slight increase in - Maintain roads adequately to beyond the Air Quality - PMO reduction dust emissions from control dust levels. construction dike roads. period (+) - Improved flood protection will reduce flood related Changes to Traffic traffic traffic patterns. disruptions. - Dike roads will improve road and traffic safety conditions. (+) - Improved Public Safety flood protection will enhance
HUNAN HYDRO AND POWER DESIGN INSTITUTE APRIL 2006 PAGE 47 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK HUNAN FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT HENGYANG CITY INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)
Activities/ Significance of Impact Threatened Estimated Potential Direction (+ or -) / Description of Magnitude Recommended Mitigation Responsible Environmental No Significant Budget Impacts Measures Agency 4 2 3 and Social Impact Low Medium High (10 CNY) Resources public safety.
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5.2.1.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
The Hengyang Subproject SPIA and Resettlement Plan (RP) have been prepared in accordance with the standards and requirements of the PRC Land Administration Law4 (1998) and the associated Hunan Provincial Implementation Decree (2000), as well as the ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement. All recommendations for compensation and resettlement presented in the SPIA and RP should be fully implemented. If done appropriately the relocation will provide an opportunity to improve current housing condition for the affected persons. Affected rural households will be moved a short distance to another site within their original villages.
A Hengyang Subproject Facilities Siting Plan (FSP) should be developed which appropriately locates temporary worker camps, construction facilities, etc, so as to minimize social and environmental impacts. Emphasis should be placed on siting these facilities in areas that have minimal existing settlements and productive systems. The FSP should be submitted to the Hengyang EPB for approval. If the plan indicates facilities are sited inappropriately and may result in excessive social impacts then the plan should be modified until Hengyang EPB approval is obtained.
5.2.1.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT
The extent of resettlement for the Hengyang subproject is comparatively large. Implementation of the recommendations in the SPIA and the RP, and appropriate siting of the facilities should ensure that the living standards of the relatively small number of affected persons are maintained and/or improved.
5.2.2 AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION
5.2.2.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT
The cultivated land which is occupied by the project permanently is 66.7hm2. The temporary land occupation includes 39.74hm2 of cultivated land. Although the amount of farmland being acquired is small there may be some decrease in income for the affected farmers.
5.2.2.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
All recommendations for compensation and resettlement presented in the Hengyang SPIA and RP should be fully implemented.
The FSP of Hengyang Subproject should emphasize the appropriate siting of worker camps, construction facilities, etc, so as to minimize temporary farmland acquisition. The FSP should be submitted to the Hengyang EPB for check and approval. If the plan indicates facilities are sited inappropriately and may result in unnecessary temporary farmland loss, it should be modified based on the opinions from Hengyang EPB correspondingly.
5.2.2.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT
No significant residual impact is predicted.
4 Stipulates the regulations for land compensation, resettlement subsidies, crop compensation, house compensation and other measures to carry out resettlement.
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5.2.3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
5.2.3.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT
There are no precious ecological resources, sensitive areas or rare flora and fauna identified in the Hengyang SEIA. There will be some small scale impacts on resident fauna such as of amphibians, reptiles, rodents and birds, and on resident flora, but it will be limited and is not considered significant.
5.2.3.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
Although no precious ecological resources, sensitive areas or rare flora and fauna have been identified to date, the development of the FSP should include an ecological safeguard survey of all areas were facilities will be sited, including the borrow pit areas and the waste soil disposal areas. Facilities should not be sited within 50 m of any areas of natural wetland, rare and endangered flora and fauna or other sensitive ecosystem that may be identified (none have been to date).
The FSP should be submitted to the Hengyang EPB for check and approval. If the plan indicates facilities are sited inappropriately and may result in impacts on any identified precious ecological resources then the plan should be modified until Hengyang EPB approval is obtained.
5.2.3.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT
No significant residual impact is predicted.
5.2.4 HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL VALUES
5.2.4.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT
No cultural and historical relics or entertainment sites in the area affected by the project.
5.2.4.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
As part of the FSP approval process the Hengyang EPB should consult the Public Affairs and Culture Relics Bureau to ensure that no historical or cultural areas will be affected.
Any historical or cultural feature within the SEIA should be designated a no entry-zone on the Hengyang FSP. Any historical or cultural feature within 25 m of a construction site or 5 m of a project transportation route should be demarcated with flagging to enforce the no-entry designation. In addition, if the public security bureau and the culture bureau think these relics will be impacted by construction easily, the canvas bounding wall should be established or other proper measures should be adopted for protection.
5.2.4.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT
No significant residual impact after measures are adopted.
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5.2.5 TRANSPORTATION
5.2.5.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT
The project construction may cause some localized and short-term traffic disruptions to some construction road sections.
5.2.5.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
The Public Roads and Transportation Administration Bureau should be consulted to ensure that access routes are not unduly affected and that if necessary alternative routes are provided that are sufficient to meet the needs of the affected persons.
5.2.5.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT
The transportation negative impacts will be minimal and short-term. No significant residual impact is anticipated.
5.2.6 MINERAL RESOURCES
5.2.6.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT
The Subproject will not cause the loss of mineral resources. The temporary land acquisition in the borrow pits and spoil area will have no significant effect on the exploitation of any identified or potential mineral resources.
5.2.7 PUBLIC FACILITIES
5.2.7.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT
The building of the dike project may affect partial docks, power lines, and infrastructures.
5.2.7.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
As part of the implementation of the civil works any affected public facilities will be replaced or repaired. In addition appropriate compensation should be provided to affected persons or enterprises.
5.2.7.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT
No significant residual impact is predicted.
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5.3 CONSTRUCTION
5.3.1 HYDROLOGY
The embankment along the Xiangjiang, Zhengshui, and Leishui Rivers and relevant projects will not impact the riverway seriously and the hydrology seriously.
5.3.2 WATER QUALITY
5.3.2.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT Surface erosion from construction activities along the Xiangjiang, Zhengshui, and Leishui Rivers may lead to a modest reduction in the soil erosion and quality of the river. Potential construction sites where erosion may occur include the dike and dam, soil material yard, and spoil area. The current state of the erosion and deposition within the river basin is serious (the potential erosion modulus of the district is 2600~3800t/(km2.a). While, after completion of the project, the erosion will be improved than that of before, and the impact due to construction is temporary.
Washing and curing of concrete and construction of culvert sluices will generate wastewater at a rate of approximately 1 m3 wastewater per m3 of concrete produced. At that rate the Subproject construction will generate approximately 23809 m3 of wastewater, which typically has a SS concentration of 300 to 500 mg/l and a pH value of 11 to 12. As the discharge of this wastewater will be over a wide area the discharge load from each individual construction site will be relatively low. The wastewater will be discharged into the ditches close to the construction site that will not directly impact on the river water quality.
Wastewater from construction personnel mainly consists of domestic sewage, with an estimated loading rate of 120 L/person/d or roughly equivalent to 302.04 m3. The wastewater will be directed to the city sewerage system, afterwards, and is not expected to have a significant incremental impact on water quality.
5.3.2.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
A Hengyang Subproject construction EMP will be developed which will specify best-practice construction phase water quality protection measures as follows:
Soil Erosion Control - All dike construction areas should have a siltation fence protecting Xiangjiang River, Zhengshui River, and Leishui River from erosion and siltation along the entire length of the construction site. These fences will also protect the rivers against construction rubble and garbage. - In construction areas near water source protection zones silt traps should be installed at natural drainage entry points in construction sites. This will primarily involve the flood diversion channel outlet area. - All other construction sites within 50 m of water bodies should have siltation fences on the downstream drainage side to protect against erosion and siltation. - Rock and dirt piles should be covered when not in use, and siltation fences and traps should be installed on the downstream drainage side if near water bodies. - Exposed dikes and ground surfaces should be protected with appropriate engineered and vegetative protection measures, including grass, cement, rip rap, etc. Construction Wastewater Control
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- Wastewater from concrete washing and curing should only be directed to the local sewer system or local drainage channels near the construction site and not directly to the Xiangjiang River, Zhengshui River, and Leishui River. - Water from vehicle and equipment washing should be directed to the local sewer system or local drainage channels near the construction site and not directly to the Xiangjiang River, Zhengshui River, and Leishui River. Oils should be removed first as much as practical. - Receiving drainage ditches should be equipped with a bioswale and siltation traps prior to their discharge to any major receiving water body.
Sewage - Temporary toilets will be provided at a rate of 1 for every twenty workers. - All domestic wastewater from the workers camps should be discharged to the municipal sewerage system. - On-site sewage will be collected as necessary by the Hengyang Health and Sanitation Company and treated or discharged to the municipal sewerage system. - Regular cleaning and disinfection of the toilets should be undertaken so as to avoid breeding of flies and mosquitoes.
5.3.2.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT
With the implementation of appropriate mitigations measures the impact on water quality will be limited.
5.3.3 SOLID WASTE
5.3.3.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT
Solid wastes that will be generated by the Subproject during the construction phase include spoils from the earthworks, construction wastes, and domestic solid wastes produced by the workers: - The project may generate over up to 0.5064 million m3 of earth, gravel and rock spoil. - An as yet undefined amount of construction wastes and rubble will be generated. - Up to 2270t kg of domestic solid waste will be generated during the construction period (based on a per capita waste production of 1.0 kg). This will be produced over a large area, and if not collected and disposed of appropriately will result in a reduction in overall environmental quality.
5.3.3.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
The EMP will specify waste management procedures as follows:
Spoils From Earthworks - Maximum use should be made of on site excavated materials so as to minimize spoil production - The disposal sites should be identified in the FSP, and should not be in or near any sensitive areas. - Spoil disposal should only be allowed in designated sites. - Erosion protection measures such as silt fences and covering the spoil mounds should be implemented. - Upon completion of construction the spoil deposits should be re-vegetated with appropriate native grasses and shrubs.
Construction Wastes and Rubble - Maximum use should be made of construction rubble as fill where/ if appropriate.
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- Rubble should only be stored on sites temporarily, and should be land filled if space is available, or disposed of in a designated construction waste disposal site as approved by the Hengyang EPB.
Domestic Waste - Waste containers will be provided in certain spots at a rate of 1 for every twenty workers. - Domestic solid waste produced by construction workers must be deposited into waste containers. - Collection and disposal of domestic solid waste will be undertaken by the Hengyang Health and Sanitation Company. Waste disposal will only be allowed at the Hengyang domestic solid waste deposit site.
5.3.3.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT
No significant residual impact is predicted.
5.3.4 AIR QUALITY
5.3.4.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT
The primary atmospheric pollutants generated during construction are dust and particulate matter produced during vehicle transport, cement mixing, and wind-generated soil erosion; and emissions from transport vehicles and heavy machinery.
Dust from construction vehicles arises from both erosion of the road surface and loss of soil from vehicle loads. Dust levels are generally highest within 30 m of either side of the road, and with increased distance the concentration decreases gradually towards background levels. Construction will primarily be undertaken in the fall and winter when the atmosphere and roads are relatively dry, conditions that are conducive to dust generation. Dust will also arise from wind borne erosion of soil piles and spoil piles.
The main pollutants in vehicle and heavy machinery emissions include NO2, CO, and SO2. Emission levels will be low when compared to the total vehicle emissions in the area.
5.3.4.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
The transportation roads within the construction site should be hardened, and the transportation roads within the construction site and the surrounding urban area should be regularly sprayed with water so as to control dust. Truck loads should be covered with an awning to prevent dust emissions.
The cement transport and mixing process should be carried out under closed conditions. Cement should be transported by closed tankers, and should be conveyed to the concrete mixer by a closed cement pump.
Soil piles should be covered unless being actively used. Piles should be sprayed with water when not covered. Spoil piles should also be covered unless being actively used, and should be sprayed with water when not covered.
For construction of dikes close to dense residential areas fiber texture protection fences should be installed on the urban side of the dike to reduce air and noise pollution.
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All construction machinery and transportation vehicles should be equipped with exhaust emission systems that meet relevant PRC emission standards. Vehicle emission systems should be inspected at construction outset and then on a bi-annual basis.
5.3.4.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT
Few significant residual impacts are identified after implementation of the measures.
5.3.5 NOISE
5.3.5.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT
Noise will be generated during the construction phase from machinery (excavators, bulldozers, loaders and concrete mixers), construction activities, and transportation vehicles, and the Class II Standard (the continuous equivalent sound level in A scale shall not exceed 60 dB in the daytime and 50 dB in the night time) as specified in The National Standards for Environmental Noises in Urban Areas (GB 3096-93) would be used for evaluation. The noise produced by the heavy construction machinery will reach 100dB, from this, we can know that noise from construction exceeds the standard seriously, and it will negatively impact schools and residential areas close to the construction sites.
5.3.5.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
Noise from Transport Vehicles - vehicle overloading is prohibited; - horn operation in urban areas is prohibited; and - all vehicles should have functioning mufflers that meet relevant standards.
Noise from Heavy Machinery - all construction machinery should be in full compliance with the Vehicle Rated Noise Limit Value (GB16170-1996); - low noise construction methods should be adopted wherever possible; - regular maintenance of machinery should be undertaken to reduce operational noises. - construction personnel working in high noise level situations should be provided with protective equipment and should not work continuously in such situations for more than 6 hours per day.
Dike Construction: - construction of dikes in urban areas is prohibited between from 10:00 pm to 6:00 am daily; - in areas that are particularly sensitive to noise (e.g. within 200 m of schools and hospitals), structural measures such as sound separation walls should be implemented. Compensation for high noise levels may also be required.
5.3.5.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT
With the implementation of the mitigation measures the residual impacts are localized and relatively short term.
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5.3.6 FLORA
5.3.6.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT
Approximately 85.5hm2 of land will be permanently acquired, of which, cultivated land occupies 78%. There are no primary forests or reports of rare or endangered flora in these areas, and the permanent
Approximately 215.54hm2 of land will be occupied temporarily during the construction phase. There are no primary forests or reports of rare or endangered flora in these areas. The temporary land occupation will last no longer than the construction period (58 months). As the Subproject area has high rainfall, a good climate and comparatively good soil quality that is favorable for vegetation growth it is anticipated that re-vegetation of spoil areas will not be difficult. Based on experience with similar water resources projects, supported recovery of vegetation on temporarily occupied land normally takes three to five years. Overall, the impact of temporary land occupation on flora is low, localized and medium term in duration.
5.3.6.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
As noted previously an FSP will be developed and submitted to the Hengyang EPB for approval. If the plan indicates facilities are sited inappropriately and may result in impacts on any identified precious ecological resources then the plan should be modified until Hengyang EPB approval is obtained.
Excavated materials should be used as much as possible as fill in the construction in order to reduce the quantities of spoil and the size of the spoil deposition sites. Spoil should only be disposed at sites designated in the FSR.
Compensation vegetation should be planted at all suitable locations. Specifically: - native grasses should be planted along dikes slopes in order to provide slope protection; - all borrow pit areas should be fully re-vegetated with appropriate native species of grass, shrubs or trees in order to replicate local natural vegetation cover; - all spoil disposal sites should be fully re-vegetated with grasses, shrubs or trees in order to replicate local natural vegetation cover; - trees and vegetation to be planted in areas targeted for resettlement.
5.3.6.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT
With the implementation of the mitigation measures the residual impacts from permanent land occupation are small, localized and long-term, and residual impacts from temporary land occupation are small, localized and relatively short term.
5.3.7 FAUNA
5.3.7.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT
As noted above the Subproject will permanently occupy 85.5hm2of land and temporarily occupy 215.54hm2. These areas are within an urbanized or semi-urbanized landscape, and do not contain significant areas of animal habitat or any rare or endangered fauna. The only impact will be on a limited area of habitat and feeding grounds for reptiles and rodents.
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5.3.7.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
As noted previously an FSP will be developed and submitted to the Hengyang EPB for approval. If the plan indicates facilities are sited inappropriately and may result in impacts on any identified precious ecological resources then the plan should be modified until Hengyang EPB approval is obtained.
Vegetation on land that is temporarily occupied (e.g. borrow pits, spoil disposal sites, etc) will be replanted, replacing the habitat that is lost.
5.3.7.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT
With the implementation of the mitigation measures and given the limited faunal value of the landscape the residual impacts from permanent land occupation are small and localized.
With the implementation of the mitigation measures and given the limited faunal value of the landscape the residual impacts from temporary land occupation are small and relatively short term.
5.3.8 AQUATIC LIFE
The impact of Hengyang City Urban Flood Control Project construction on the habitat of aquatic lives of Xiangjiang River, Zhengshui River, and Leishui River is minor.
5.3.9 PUBLIC SAFETY
5.3.9.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT
The establishment of the worker camps poses public health safety risks through infectious disease propagation if sanitation (sewage and solid waste management) is not appropriate. For example, as noted previously, a total of 2270t of domestic solid waste will be generated during the construction period. This will be produced over a large area, and if not collected and disposed of appropriately will result in a reduction in overall environmental quality.
5.3.9.2 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES
A Health and Safety plan will be developed that will specify the Health and Safety obligations of the contractor.
Health of Workers - Workers should be healthy and free of infectious diseases when joining the construction phase. - Any worker who develops an infectious disease should receive adequate medical care, and should be quarantined during the infectious period. - Any disease out break shall be reported to the relevant health authorities immediately. All instructions issued by the health authorities to deal with the outbreak shall be immediately implemented. - Workers must be provided with protective gear as required by the PRC Labor Law (1994) and relevant Hunan provincial regulations. - The maximum working shift is 8 hours per day. - In high noise conditions a maximum of 6 hours per day only is permitted.
Domestic Rubbish:
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- Domestic solid waste produced by construction workers must be disposed into waste containers. - Waste containers should be provided at a rate of 1 for every twenty workers. - Collection and disposal of domestic solid waste will be undertaken by the Hengyang Health and Sanitation Company. Waste disposal will only be allowed at the Hengyang landfill site.
Sewage - Temporary toilets will be provided at a rate of 1 for every twenty workers. - Sewage will be collected as necessary by the Hengyang Health and Sanitation Company and treated or discharged to the municipal sewerage system. - Regular cleaning and disinfection should be done so as to avoid breeding of flies and mosquitoes.
5.3.9.3 RESIDUAL IMPACT
With the implementation of appropriate mitigations measures the negative public safety impacts will be minimal. The positive health and safety impacts of the flood protection provided by the Subproject will be significant and long-term.
5.4 OPERATION
5.4.1 HYDROLOGY
An analysis was undertaken of the water surface profile through Hengyang with and without the new dikes and other civil works (Table 5-2). The impact of the flood control project on Xiangjiang River, Zhengshui River, and Leishui River is minor.
5.4.2 WATER QUALITY
Overall operation of the Hengyang Subproject will not produce any pollutants and will not bring about any negative impact on the quality of the urban waters. Further, implementation of the Subproject will improve the flood control standards and drainage capacity of Hengyang City, which will reduce ecological damages and water pollution that occurs during urban flood events.
5.4.3 FLORA AND FAUNA
Operation of the Hengyang Subproject will not negatively impact flora or fauna. Re-vegetation of temporary sites impacted during the construction phase will take three to five years, so will extend in to the operation phase, but these are not new impacts and have been addressed previously.
Implementation of the Hengyang Subproject will protect the urban ecological environment, shielding flora and fauna within the protection zone from flood associated damages.
5.4.4 AIR QUALITY
As roads will be constructed alongside the dikes, there may be an increase in dust pollution.
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5.4.5 TRAFFIC
The Hengyang Subproject will improve the flood control standard of the city, and provide a positive effect for the security of roads within the flood protection zones. Furthermore, construction of new roads along the dikes will ease the traffic on the city roads and make the city roads safer.
5.4.6 PUBLIC SAFETY
Flood protection provided by the Subproject will have a significant and long term positive impact on the health and safety of Hengyang’s citizens by reducing flooding and associated pollution and diseases that can occur during floods.
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6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION
6.1 BENEFICIARY IDENTIFICATION
The major beneficiaries of the proposed Hengyang Flood Control Subproject will include urban residents, rural village residents, enterprises, government institutions, and businesses. There are an estimated 754,200 people and an estimated area of 61.84km2 in the flood protection zone who will directly benefit.
6.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION
Table 6-1 summarizes the public consultation activities that have been undertaken.
During the social surveys small group discussions were held among groups of individuals in select communities. Based on their experience individuals identified a range of benefits to be brought by the Subproject, summarized in Table 6-2. A range of potential negative impacts to be brought by the proposed Subproject were also identified. Of these land acquisition, demolition of houses and relocation of people were considered the major negative impacts of the Subproject. However, as most participants did not have a clear idea about the Subproject and its related potential land acquisition and resettlement impact, they were unable to express their concerns with regard to potential negative impacts. It is recommended that during next stage of Subproject preparation more meaningful participation and disclosure should be carried out in order to improve basic understanding of the Subproject and address concerns raised by the Subproject affected people.
Overall, all focus groups, including both urban and rural populations, expressed positive attitudes towards the proposed Subproject. Of the 123 individuals interviewed no one expressed opposition to the Subproject.
Additional information on the public consultation process is presented in the Social and Poverty Assessment for the Hengyang Subproject.
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Investigation Table for Public Participation in Hengyang City Urban Flood Control Project
Interviewees Unit or Address
Name Age Nationality Occupation Title Education Main construction content:
The flood control project includes: (1) heightening and consolidating the 15 flood control embankments within the 6 protection circles with a length of 59.16km and lengthening of 11 embankments with a length of 15.74km; (2) rebuild and lengthen 88 through-dike structures, riprap with a length of 3.41km and newly build 1 flood diversion channel with a length of 3.20km; (3) 26 newly-built electric drainage stations with fifty-three pumps (the total power is 13971kW) and (4) newly built Lijiazhou flood diversion channel and supporting works; the crest width of the embankment of all sorts reaches 18m, the road width is 10m and the sidewalk greening belt on the left and right sides is 4m wide.
Land acquisition and house removal: The project will permanently occupy lands, 85.5hm2, among which: cultivated land, 66.7hm2, which will affect 541 households of 2210 persons; the remained land includes rural residential land and urban construction land. And the average loss of each affected person is 0.03hm2. The land temporarily occupied by the project during the construction period is 215.54hm2, of which: the dry farmland is 39.74hm2. Additionally, houses with an area of 80175m2 need to be removed and 541 households of 2210 persons need to be resettled.
Do you know the construction of Hengyang Yes No Heard of City Urban Flood Control Project? At present which Flood and environmental problem Ecological Air Water waterlogging Noise Other exerts biggest impact on destruction pollution pollution disaster you? Do you think what is the Flood prevention priority to consider in urban Landscape Farmland Immigrant and waterlog flood prevention environment protection living quality discharge construction Do you think what kind of benefit this project should Economic benefit Ecological benefit social benefit mainly consider Type of impact on you by Environmental House removal Land acquisition Other impacts this project pollution The best resettlement Dispersed Centralized Outside Anything will method in you opinion backward backward resettlement do Do you obey to land acquisition, removal, and Yes No Conditionally resettlement Which environmental pollution will exert the Water Vegetation biggest impact on you Air pollution Noise Other pollution destruction during the construction phase Certain Suggested measures to Enclosed compensation Planting Other mitigate the impact construction to influenced residents Do you agree to this project Yes No Ambiguous Relevant opinions and suggestions 1. To answer these questions, please m Remarks ark “√”. 2. All questions can be answered with multi-choices.
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3. For opinions and suggestions not addressed by these questions, please fill in the column “Other opinions and suggestions”. Investigator: Time:
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TABLE 6-1: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ACTIVITIES OF HENGYANG CITY SUBPROJECT Agencies Purpose(s) Date Main Issues Discussed No. People Consulted - Role of the proposed Project in Poverty reduction Identify poor and non-poor households and 15 household interviews - Existing Poverty their basic social economic conditions, income Sept.7 - in Xiangjiang Village and 35 reduction project and its sources, and expenditure structure as well as 9, 2005 Lixin Viiage impacts their attitudes towards the proposed project - Comments and suggestions on reducing anti-poverty plan Introducing progress and alignment of the - Length and wide of the proposed Project. Exploring socioeconomic dikes factors at the village level. Initiating the - Frequency of floods discussion about the project and development - Impacts of the of local area. Exploring the methods of subproject enhancing beneficial effects and reducing - Land saving and negative influence. compensation 4 focus group discussions - Location of resettlement in Xiangjiang Viiage and Sept.7 - - Compensation issues Lixin Village, They include 25 9, 2005 - Income source and their 2 women’s groups, 2 relation with the Project 。 men’s groups. - Comments and suggestions to maximize the positive impact and minimize the negative impacts - Priority needs on the proposed project - Existing measures and mechanism of anti-floods - Impacts of the subproject - Land acquisition and its compensation - Dike improvement priorities from village and urban residential Introducing the cooperative units of proposed community leaders’ villages and residential subproject, consultation the village leaders perspective ’ Sept.7 - community leadership 8 regard on the impact (including positive and - Poverty and its causes 9, 2005 interviews negative) of the Project. Collect comments - Existing urban poverty and suggestions on the proposed Project reduction programs - Income source and it’s implication relation to subproject - Comments and suggestions to maximize the positive impact and minimize the negative impacts - Priority needs on dike development - Housing demolish and its compensation Introducing proposed subproject. standard Sept.7 - Business people interview 6 Investigate altitude towards the proposed - Benefit of the project 9, 2005 program - Frequency of floods and its impact - Attitude towards the
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Agencies Purpose(s) Date Main Issues Discussed No. People Consulted subproject - Comments on the project schedule - Land acquisition and compensation rate - Damage and loses caused by flood Enterprises interview : Introducing proposed subproject; Assess - Positive and negative The First Water Works in possible impact of the project construction and Sept. 9, 5 impact of the proposed Hengyang , Jinzhushan the enterprise 2005 project, include land Electric Power Plant Collect comments and suggestions value and benefits of factory - Comments on project schedule - Protected area definition - population in project area and protected area - Total project area and Update the PPTA progress, protected area Management Board of Collect project area and protection area - Poverty situation in 5 Sept.7 Hengyang subproject information project area and Collect comments and suggestions protected area - Reemployment and fund raising plan - Flood situation in recent years - Policy for reducing urban poverty Introduce the proposed program, collect - Training for unemployed Hengyang Labor and Sept.8, 6 information of urban poverty and generate workers Social Security Bureau 2005 suggestions and comments - Participation of urban poor in project construction - Division of minority in Hecheng District - Development policy of Minority Administrative Introduce the proposed project, collect Sept.8, minority Committee in Hengyang 2 minority population data and discuss the 2005 - The project and plan City project and policy of improve minority’s living. concerning minority - Minority’s participation to the project - provide job opportunity to poor during construction Introduce the proposed project, collect poverty Hengyang Poverty Sept. 9, - possibility of the 3 reduction plan data and information, generate Reduction Office 2005 pro-poor compensation comments and suggestions rate - Insurance for construction labourers - Benefit groups of the Introduce the proposed project, collect project Hengyang Statistical Sept. 9, 2 socio-economic data, generate comments and - Time table of the project Bureau 2005 suggestions Socio-economic data availability - Budget allocation for support urban poverty Introduce the proposed program, collection reduction Hengyang Civil Affairs data of urban poverty populations and existing Sept.10, - Recruit the urban poor 2 Bureau anti-poverty programs, Generate comments to 2005 as unskilled labor for the maximize the poverty impact of the project project - Insurance for construction laborers
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Agencies Purpose(s) Date Main Issues Discussed No. People Consulted - Compensation for house relocation - Positive and negative Iintroduce the proposed programs, collect Relevant district Sept.10, Impact of the project 4 socio-economic data of protected areas, governments 2005 - Compensation rate of generate comments and suggestions land and house Shop owners interview Introduce the proposed project and collect Sept.10, - attitude towards project regarding willingness to 20 their opinions 2005 - willingness to pay pay
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TABLE 6-2: POSITIVE IMPACTS IDENTIFIED BY DIFFERENT GROUPS OF BENEFICIARIES Positive Impacts to be Brought by the Hengyang City Grouping Subproject - Protect lives and children - Could sleep well during rainy season Female group (village and urban - Protect crops and house belongings group) - Accelerate economic growth rapidly - Improve environment of the city - Keep business operating safe - Promote the development of distribution Male group (village and urban - Protect field , animal and plant and estate group) - Provide protection shelter to the whole community - Improve living condition - Reducing the threats on lives by floods - Increase income during construction Self-employed labourers - Goods could be protected from being washed away - Have a better environment for business - Improve environment of the whole community - Attract more foreign businessmen to invest here - Increase income during construction Factory (Chengnan Water Works) - Promote economic development in local communities - Improve transport access - Develop real estate smoothly Sources: Field visit and small group discussions.
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7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.1 EMP PURPOSE
The purpose of an environmental management plan (EMP) is to:
(i) guide the implementation of the recommended mitigation measures;
(ii) guide the environmental monitoring program;
(iii) carry on environmental mitigation measures and environmental monitoring plans, and,
(iv) ensure compliance with the environmental requirements of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
The EMP provides the crucial link between the mitigation measures described in Chapter 5 and ensuring that the measures are effectively implemented.
7.2 EMP DEVELOPMENT
According to the requirement of ADB, a separate and stand-alone Project wide EMP will be developed in accordance with relevant PRC and ADB regulations and procedures. Although the EMP is a stand-alone document, it is briefly described in this chapter.
At a minimum the EMP will include the following:
(i) Summary of Potential Impacts;
(ii) Description of Planned Mitigation Measures;
(iii) Description of Planned Environmental Monitoring;
(iv) Description of Planned Public Consultation Process;
(v) Description of the Responsibilities and Authorities for Implementation of Mitigations;
(vi) Structural Measures and Monitoring Requirements;
(vii) Description of Responsibilities for Reporting and Review;
(viii) Work Plan including staffing chart, proposed schedules of participation by various members of the Project team, and activities and inputs of various government agencies;
(ix) Cost Estimates; and,
(x) Mechanisms for feedback and adjustment.
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7.3 IMPLEMENTATION OF MITIGATIONS
The mitigations to be implemented are presented in Chapter 5 and will be summarized in the EMP.
7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
A monitoring plan will be presented in the EMP. Monitoring will include:
- Site environmental compliance inspections to ensure all mitigations are being appropriately implemented;
- Ambient monitoring to ensure that unanticipated environmental impacts are not occurring;
- Ambient river water quality monitoring during construction
- Ambient noise level monitoring; and,
- Public safety surveys on-site and off-site.
7.5 ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONTRACTOR(S)
Environmental specifications for Subproject contractors will be presented in the EMP. These specifications will also be included in the contract documents of the contractors, and will include:
- Section A : Environment Protection Management
- Section B : Labor Camps and Worker Health Management
- Section C : Safety Management
- Section D: Social Relation Coordination
Each section will address the following:
Sub-Section 1: description of the Contractor's obligations with regards to those aspects covered by the section.
Sub-Section 2: description of indicators that will be monitored for payment.
7.6 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The EMP will present institutional arrangements and responsibilities for the implementation of the measure and activities presented in the EMP. It will specify the roles and responsibilities of the PMO, the provincial and Hengyang EPBs, and other relevant parties.
The EMP will present measures for enforcing mitigation implementation and actions to be taken if non-compliance occurs.
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7.7 CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
The EMP will designate environmental capacity building and training activities that will be undertaken to support the designated activities.
7.8 BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION
Table 7-1 presents the EMP budget for the Hengyang Subproject.
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TABLE 7-1: ESTIMATED EMP BUDGET, HENGYANG SUBPROJECT Cost (104 CNY) Lead Agency (under Items Description 1 2 3 4 5 total PMO Coordination) Environmental
Mitigation Measures - Hengyang Health - Fee for provision of temporary toilets and sewage collection Water Pollution and Sanitation 4.60 11.49 11.49 11.49 6.88 45.95 and disposal by Health and Sanitation Department Control Department - Collection and disposal of construction wastewater - Contractor - Hengyang Health Solid Waste Control 2.20 5.54 5.54 5.54 3.31 22.12 and Sanitation Construction waste disposal Department - Road and construction site dust control (water spraying, Air Pollution Control 2.65 6.59 6.59 6.59 3.94 26.35 - Contractor road paving, equipment hiring and rental, etc) - Sound control measures (fences and barriers) Noise Control 0.49 1.22 1.22 1.22 0.73 4.90 - Contractor Required compensation Public Health - Provision of medical treatment and facilities for workers 3.06 7.64 7.64 7.64 4.58 30.57 - Contractor Protection - Sanitization of toilet, cooking and other areas - warning signs Public Safety 0.49 1.22 1.22 1.22 0.73 4.90 - contractor - safety measures - Monitoring Station Environmental of local 2.45 6.12 6.12 6.12 3.67 24.49 Air, water and noise ambient monitoring Monitoring Environmental Protection Bureau Administration, Compliance
Inspection, Capacity Building - PPMO - Ecological and other surveys; Environmental Mitigation Design 7.35 4.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.95 - Detailed protection measures design and planning ; Consultant - Based on 8% of environmental mitigations and monitoring - Design Institute5 Administration and - PMO and EPB management costs 0.59 1.49 1.49 1.49 0.91 5.98 - PMO and EPB Management - Based on 4% of environmental mitigations and monitoring - Authorized environmental - Environmental compliance inspections by qualified company Site Inspections 9.01 22.53 22.53 22.53 13.52 90.14 compliance - 2 inspectors, 3,5000 RMB/year/person inspection company
5 Investment estimation will be similar to that in feasibility report supplied by design institute during TA period.
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Cost (104 CNY) Lead Agency (under Items Description 1 2 3 4 5 total PMO Coordination) - Authorized - Environmental mitigation construction quality inspections by Construction construction qualified company 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.39 Inspections compliance - Based on 0.25 % of environmental mitigations and inspection company monitoring - Training of local PMO staff, site inspection company staff, Training and Capacity 2.20 5.51 5.51 5.51 3.31 22.04 - PPMO etc. Building - 10 persons trained annually for five years Soil and Erosion
Control Program - Borrow pits and construction site structural erosion control Structural Erosion measures, including erosion control walls, wastewater 35.05 87.59 87.59 87.59 52.55 350.38 - Contractor Control drainage ditches, temporary containment ponds, bioswales, etc. - Borrow pit and spoil pit revegetation Revegetation 34.32 85.78 85.78 85.78 51.46 343.10 - Contractor - Budget for dike vegetation has been included in main project budget Resettlement 11.64 29.10 29.10 29.10 17.46 116.24 - Contractor - Resettlement area tree and vegetation planting Temporary Erosion - Borrow pits and construction site erosion control measures, 1.98 4.97 4.97 4.97 2.99 19.89 - Contractor Control such as erosion fences. Administration and - PMO and 18.07 45.19 45.19 45.19 27.12 180.77 - Design, supervision, QA/QC, etc Management Contractor Water and soil - Contractor to pay to conservation and 23.36 58.41 58.41 58.41 35.05 233.64 - Fee set by Hunan Provincial Government local government6 compensation fee TOTAL 159.57 385.12 380.51 380.51 228.27 1533.97
6 The fees rate is set by the Hunan Provincial Government. The fee is to be paid by the Subproject contractor to the local (county or municipal) Water Resource Department. There appears to be confusion on whether this payment is required on projects implemented through the local Water Resource Departments, as this becomes an international transfer of funds. This issue needs to be resolved.
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8 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
8.1 FINDINGS
The Hengyang City Subproject will result in both socio-economic and environmental impacts.
The social impacts are primarily related to the construction-phase resettlement. Farmland acquisition will affect a total of 541 households and 2210 persons. On average each affected person will lose only 0.03 ha of farmland. Approximately 215.54 ha of land will be occupied temporarily during the construction phase, some of which may also be 39.74 ha of farmland. In addition, a total of 80175m2 of buildings will be demolished.
A Hengyang Subproject Social/Poverty Impact Assessment (SPIA) and a Resettlement Plan (RP) have been prepared in accordance with the standards and requirements of the PRC Land Administration Law (1998) and the associated Hunan Provincial Implementation Decree (2000), as well as the ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement. All recommendations for compensation and resettlement presented in the SPIA and RP should be fully implemented. If done appropriately the relocation will provide an opportunity to improve housing conditions for the affected persons.
Construction of the project is not anticipated to have any significant terrestrial ecological impacts as the project area is generally a heavily modified urbanized/rural farmland mosaic and no sensitive terrestrial resources or rare and endangered flora and fauna have been identified in the Subproject Environmental Impact Area (SEIA). Dike construction will not affect hydrology of the Xiangjiang, Zhengshui and Leishui River. Erosion from construction sites and source rock and soil piles as well as other construction pollution sources may reduce water quality in the Xiangjiang, Zhengshui and Leishui River, as will dredge. Therefore, measures will have to be implemented carefully to minimize impacts. Other potential impacts include solid waste and noise pollution issues during construction, especially in the urban areas. To sum up, however, environmental impacts are localized and temporary, and can be adequately mitigated.
Operation of the Hengyang dikes will have no significant negative impacts on the Xiangjiang, Zhengshui and Leishui River water level, water quality, or on terrestrial or aquatic flora and fauna.
The main impacts that require special measures are associated with the construction phase, including:
- soil erosion and runoff from exposed construction sites;
- the revegetation of borrow areas and spoil sites;
- construction wastewater and sanitary wastewater from construction camps;
- construction solid wastes and sanitary waste from construction camps;
- air pollution from construction site dust and auto off gas; and,
- Public safety.
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A comprehensive program of mitigation measures, environmental motoring and compliance inspections has been designed to address these issues. The estimated budget for environmental protection and monitoring during the construction stage is CNY 15,339,700. If the mitigations are appropriately implemented the project should have minimal negative impacts and should result in overwhelming positive benefits brought about by the flood protection it will provide.
8.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
i. All resettlement and compensation recommendations in the SPIA and the RP should be strictly followed.
ii. All mitigations recommended in this report and in the stand-alone EMP should be implemented.
iii. The training and capacity building recommended in this report and in the stand-alone EMP should be implemented.
iv. The environmental monitoring and compliance inspections recommended in this report and in the stand-alone EMP should be implemented.
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9 CONCLUSION
The Hengyang City Subproject mainly includes the construction of dikes, drainage works.
The most significant socio-economic impacts are primarily related to the construction-phase resettlement. Potential environmental impacts are associated with construction phase solid and liquid wastes, noise and air pollution and dredging. All recommendations for compensation and resettlement presented in the SPIA and RP should be fully implemented. If done appropriately the relocation will provide an opportunity to improve housing conditions for the affected persons.
Negative environmental impacts are generally localized, short-term, which are generated during the period of construction and dredging, and can be fully mitigated or minimized.
A range of mitigation measures has been recommended to address the environmental issues raised in this report. The mitigations relate to the rehabilitation of borrow areas, control of soil erosion and runoff from earthworks, prevention of water, air and solid waste pollution, reduction of impacts from dredging, noise reduction and public safety and management of dredging which reduces effects on Shuangxi River. The estimated budget for environmental protection and monitoring is CNY 15,339,700.
A separate and stand alone environmental management plan (EMP) is being developed which will guide the implementation of the recommended mitigation measures; present an environmental monitoring program; facilitate institutional arrangements for the implementation of mitigation measures and the environmental monitoring; and, ensure compliance with the environmental requirements of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
With the implementation of the recommended mitigation and monitoring measures the Subproject is not expected to have any significant negative environmental impacts. Overall the flood protection provided by the Subproject will significantly enhancing the safety and quality of life of the residents living and working in the protection zones.
Given the limited environmental impacts identified in this IEE the Subproject’s tentative designation as Category B under the ADB’s environmental guidelines has been confirmed. As no significant residual environmental impacts are expected, and all minor impacts predicted during construction and operation can be fully mitigated, no additional studies or EIA is required.
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APPENDIX I HENGYANG CITY SUBPROJECT SITE PHOTOS
Vicinity of the water catchment of the dike project area, pharmaceutical factory and chemical plant along Xiangjiang River Dike project area along Xiangjiang River
Water catchment of the waterworks along the construction Soil yard area
Spoil area Jiangxinzhou
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA HUNAN FLOOD APL2006 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK MANAGEMENT PROJECT
APPENDIX 1 PLATEN°1
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