DOCSLIB.ORG

Cramalt Tower: Historical Surve Excavationd Yan S 1977-9 Alastai Maxwell-Irvingt M R *

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cramalt Tower: Historical Surve Excavationd Yan S 1977-9 Alastai Maxwell-Irvingt M R * Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 111, 1981, 401^29 Cramalt Tower: historical surve excavationd yan s 1977-9 Alastai Maxwell-IrvingT M r * INTRODUCTION The new Megget reservoir, which will provide a major new source of water for Edinburgh and the Lothians, will occupy the whole of the central portion - the major part - of the Megget valley. Such an enterprise can rarely be undertaken without leaving some casualties in its wake, and Megget is no exception. Apart from the loss of some 260 hectares (1 square mile) of land, farmso tw , fou Megged rol cottagee th t d schooan s l will also disappear. The greatest loss to antiquarians, however, will be Cramalt Tower. Situated 1-15 km upstream remaine th (fi , m g1) da f thi Borded so e ol so th f r stronghold will disappea r evefo r r beneath essentialwaters f o somwa m t I .0 e4 , therefore detailea f i , d recor thif do s monumen eves o wa trt b e survivinmane s surve obtaineda ruinw e th mad e d b th f ne y o f s o a yan et o r g fo feature, s sa time permitted same th t e A tim.necessars i t ei consideyo t histor e Meggee th rth f yo t valled yan its owners to appreciate the importance of the site and see Cramalt in its true historical perspective. HISTORY MEGGETLAND AND ETTRICK FOREST The Megget valley, or 'Meggetland' as it was commonly called, was an outlying district of the ancient forest of Ettrick, a hunting preserve created by David I during the 12th century, when he established a royal manor at Selkirk. It was one of two such royal forests in the Borders, the other being the later and much smaller Jed Forest (HAS, 'Hunting Reserves', 33-4, 135). Meggetland prove especialle b o dt y popular, almost invariably providing sport until well into the 16th century. The local landscape must, therefore, have looked very different then compared with the open hills and valleys seen today. It is known, however, that the upper Yarrow and Ettrick valleys, which Alexander II had granted to the abbey of Melrose, were used for grazing sheeplittle b therd en an ,doub eca t highee thasame th s truth tf ewa o r grounn di Meggetland. It is the lower ground that has been transformed during the last 400 years, the ancient woods and scrub having almost disappeared with the advancement of agriculture. Font's maps show more somth f eeo heavily wooded areas, includin gwooa t Cramaltdy a treeo an n f t so bu , great age have survived to the present day (Blaeu, maps of Tweeddale' and 'Ettrick Forest' as surveyed by Timothy Pont c 1595). Robert the Bruce granted Ettrick Forest to Sir James Douglas in 1324, and it remained with his heirs, the Earls of Douglas, until their forfeiture in 1455, when it reverted to the Crown. By this time Newark Castle, buil 1420c t becomd ha , forest'e e th 'caput' w ne sforese s Th . wa t subsequently granted as a dower to the queen of James III and later to the queen of James IV. * 59 Allanvale Road, Bridge of Allan, Stirlingshire. 40 | 2PROCEEDING S OF THE SOCIETY, 1981 James V frequently hunted in Ettrick. Meggetland was especially popular, hunts there often appearin recorde th n gi s between 152 1535d royae 8an Th . l account Augusr sfo t 1529r fo , example, record the purchase of material to make a cloak for the king 'to ryde to the hunting in Megotland', while £3 was paid 'for carying of the pailzeonis (pavilions) fra Peblis to Meggot- land' (ALHT, V, 357, 363). But James V was a devious character at the best of times, and his frequent visits to Meggetland were not prompted solely by love of the chase. In his ceaseless campaigns to suppress the Border rebels of Liddesdale and Eskdale, Megget proved an excellent base from which to launch sudden and devastating raids upon the rebels. Using the hunting as a very plausible excuspresences hi r efo , James would ensur largea e attendanc noblef eo theid san r men either by open proclamation or by sending messengers. For instance, in August 1531 a messenger was sent 'to Menteth and uthir place with lettrez to warne the gentilmen of the cuntre Kingie th o t s huntin Megetland'n gi ; anothe sens Lowthiane'n i rtwa s 'topa thira d 'tho dt an ; e lardis Innerwik and Spott, and the lord Hay' (ALHT, V, 445). Of one treacherous expedition in July 1530, which culminated in the hanging of Johnnie Armstrong of Gilnockie and his followers t Carlenriga , Pitscottie relates that durin same gth e expedition 'eighteen scor hartsf eo ' were said havo t e bee naround slaian n ni d Meggetland (Pitscottie). Queen Mary and Darnley visited Megget in August 1566, but got 'na pastyme of hunting* because outlaw deerdrivethe shad . noff Annoye theidby r los sportsof , they hel dcoura at t nearby Rodono, and charged all the lieges that none shoot at deer; but to no effect (Buchan III, 526). furtheA r attemp stoo t poachinte pth mads yearn gwa ete s later durin minorite gth f yo James VI, when, on 27 March 1576, the Privy Council issued a decree 'Anent the deir of Megot- land'. This noted the unlawful slaughter of deer that was taking place daily in Meggetland and other Bordere areath f so s wher kinge eth Scotlanf so d were won havo t e their chief pastimf eo hunting, and ordered proclamations to be read at Dumfries, Jedburgh, Peebles, Selkirk 'and utheris places neidfull' commanding 'his Hienes lieges that nan f thameo e tak upoun hano dt schute at the saidis deir with gunnis, or to bring in ony maner of Inglismen to hunt', without express licence (RP , 506)CII . By then, however daye th ,Ettricf so k Fores huntina s a t g preserve were rapidly drawino gt closea . Durin lattee gth 15te r th hal hf o centurf forese stils yth lwa t divided into three wards,, each of which contained a considerable number of steads leased on tacks of three or five years • but under an Act of 1504 all the tacks were converted into feus, making the tenures henceforth heritable (AP , 253)SII . Ther beed earlieen ha n a r Act 1458n i , , authorisin holdine gth crownf go land feun i s , thoug sucw hfe h tenures see mhavo t e been grante t thada t time (HAS 'Crown Lands' , 185) 72 , 158n I .crow e 7th n finally resigne foress dit t rights (RCAMS 1957, 5-9). Meggetland always seems to have enjoyed a special status in the forest, for, although it was. included in the Yarrow ward, it contained no steads as such, having been held in fee from the crown from a very early date. It was thus spared the uncertainty of tenure inherent in the tacks. And although it lay within the forest's boundary, and was subject to the forest laws, it did not come under the jurisdiction of the sheriff of Selkirk1 , but formed a part of Peeblesshire2. THE LANDS OF CRAMALT Prior to the 17th century the various properties in the Megget valley were rarely referred Yesterf o exception w y Davir individuallyfe grano e 1462,t n Si Ha i ,e th e y s th d td b f . so wa e On . of his lands of Westirhopprew . and also his lands of Fulyart, Schelehope and Wyntirhope in the barony of Lyne, and an annual rent of 4^ merks from his lands of Crammalde in the same MZG&ET VALLEY f Meggeo n Pa tFT ValleG1 y Sheriffdoe mth f Selkirkmo , showinreservoiw ne extene e gth th r f o t MAXWELL-IRVING: CRAMALT3 TOWE40 | R John baronyso ns lhi e o Hayet , ,f Yester occasioe o late t Lor th y marriags 1s rn hi do Ha , f no e (Yester Writs, no 124). Cramalt was mentioned again in a decree issued byparliament in February 1468/69, under which Alexander Cokburne and Matho Cokburne were ordained to 'devoid and red' the lands of Crammalde and Upper Megot to Sir David the Haye of Yester, and to find £300 caution for their future good behaviour (Yester Writs, no 143). Thisistheonly known instance of a distinction being drawn between 'Upper Meggetothee th d r propertiean ' s valleye th wa n t si I . more usual juscollective refeo th t o t r e 'land f Megget'so , whic t variouha s times formed part of the baronies of Lyne, Megget, 3Hopprew and Yester. Royal documents tended to be equally general, referring merely to 'Megotland'. It is significant, therefore, that two charters granted by James V whilst hunting in the district in 1531 and 1535 were dated 'near Crammalde' (RMS III, nos 1059, 1511). And in 1532, when Lord Dacre wrot Henro et y VIII (following receip lettera f o t from reporteJamee h , sV) d that 'The kinf go Scots came hunting May0 3 , , int owasta e ground called Crammell Meggot'n i , sP lands& L ( ' V1101)o ,n . Whatever Dacre mean implo tt 'wasty yb e ground', Cramal certainls twa establishen ya d 'house' (the normal descriptio Bordea r nfo r tower thay propert)b e t th tim d eLorf an y y o dHa of Yester (p 404). STRATEGIC IMPORTANC SITE ETH F EO Local traditio lons nha g credited Cramalt with having bee anciene nth Meggete t seath f o t s of tha (Pennecuik Il t k 1815, 47n) earliese th , f whoo t recorn mo s 'Randulfudi Meggate'e d s , who witnesse perambulatioda marchee th f no f Stobso o120c 0 (Black, xx-xxi).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Burnt Mounds, Unenclosed Platform Settlements and Information on Burnt Stone Activity in the River Clyde and Tweed Valleys of South Lanarkshire and Peeblesshire
    Burnt Mounds, Unenclosed Platform Settlements and information on burnt stone activity in the River Clyde and Tweed valleys of South Lanarkshire and Peeblesshire. by Tam Ward 2013 Burnt Mounds, Unenclosed Platform Settlements and information on burnt stone activity in the River Clyde and Tweed valleys of South Lanarkshire and Peeblesshire. PAGE 1 Abstract Throughout the work of Biggar Archaeology Group’s (BAG) projects, burnt stone is shown to have played an important aspect of life in the past. Sometimes deliberately burnt as a method of transference of heat in the case of burnt mounds and where water was heated, and also in pits where dry cooking may have taken place, to co-incidentally being burnt in hearths and fireplaces during all periods from the Mesolithic to Post Medieval times. The recognition of burnt stone in the archaeology of the Southern Uplands of Scotland has been fundamental to interpretations by the Group in their voluntary work. The greatest manifestation of burnt stone appears in burnt mounds (BM), a relatively new class of site for the area of the Clyde and Tweed valleys, albeit now one of the most numerous. The subject of burnt stone in the general archaeology of BAG projects is also considered. Unenclosed Platform Settlements (UPS) are also a numerous site type in the area and perhaps are poorly understood in terms of their spatial distribution, chronology and function, as indeed are the BM. It is regarding these sites (BM & UPS) and their possible relationship with each other that this paper principally seeks to address. Burnt Mounds, Unenclosed Platform Settlements and information on burnt stone activity in the River Clyde and Tweed valleys of South Lanarkshire and Peeblesshire.
    [Show full text]
  • TWEEDSMUIR HILLS Site of Special Scientific Interest SITE
    Anderson’s Chambers TWEEDSMUIR HILLS Market Street Site of Special Scientific Interest Galashiels TD1 3AF SITE MANAGEMENT STATEMENT Tel: 01896 756652 Site code: 1573 Fax: 01896 750427 e-mail: [email protected] Purpose This is a public statement prepared by SNH for owners and occupiers of the SSSI. It outlines the reasons it is designated as an SSSI and provides guidance on how its special natural features should be conserved or enhanced. This Statement does not affect or form part of the statutory notification and does not remove the need to apply for consent for operations requiring consent. We welcome your views on this statement. A view up Drumelzier Burn, Tweedsmuir Hills Description of the site Tweedsmuir Hills Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), located approximately 10km south- east of Biggar, is a high, rounded range of hills formed from sedimentary rocks from the Silurian period. Rising to 840m at Broad Law, they encompass the largest area of montane plateau in South Scotland, and the highest summits of the Scottish Borders. The ridge between Pykestone Hill (737m) in the north and Cairn Law (717m) in the south is the watershed for the headwaters of the Tweed River, Yarrow and Megget Waters and their numerous tributaries, running in steep- sided valleys, dissect the plateau. The site experiences low temperatures, high exposure and late snow lie and this is reflected in the plant and animal communities that occur here, including a nationally important example of an upland habitat assemblage, a nationally important assemblage of breeding birds, a diverse assemblage of bryophytes and a vascular plant assemblage comprising a number of nationally scarce arctic-alpine species.
    [Show full text]
  • Borders Family History Society Sales List February 2021
    Borders Family History Society www.bordersfhs.org.uk Sales List February 2021 Berwickshire Roxburghshire Census Transcriptions 2 Census Transcriptions 8 Death Records 3 Death Records 9 Monumental Inscriptions 4 Monumental Inscriptions 10 Parish Records 5 Parish Records 11 Dumfriesshire Poor Law Records 11 Parish Records 5 Prison Records 11 Edinburghshire/Scottish Borders Selkirkshire Census Transcriptions 5 Census Transcriptions 12 Death Records 5 Death Records 12 Monumental Inscriptions 5 Monumental Inscriptions 13 Peeblesshire Parish Records 13 Census Transcriptions 6 Prison Records 13 Death Records 7 Other Publications 14 Monumental Inscriptions 7 Maps 17 Parish Records 7 Past Magazines 17 Prison Records 7 Postage Rates 18 Parish Map Diagrams 19 Borders FHS Monumental Inscriptions are recorded by a team of volunteer members of the Society and are compiled over several visits to ensure accuracy in the detail recorded. Additional information such as Militia Lists, Hearth Tax, transcriptions of Rolls of Honour and War Memorials are included. Wherever possible, other records are researched to provide insights into the lives of the families who lived in the Parish. Society members may receive a discount of £1.00 per BFHS monumental inscription volume. All publications can be ordered through: online : via the Contacts page on our website www.bordersfhs.org.uk/BFHSContacts.asp by selecting Contact type 'Order for Publications'. Sales Convenor, Borders Family History Society, 52 Overhaugh St, Galashiels, TD1 1DP, mail to : Scotland Postage, payment, and ordering information is available on page 17 NB Please note that many of the Census Transcriptions are on special offer and in many cases, we have only one copy of each for sale.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of Books and Monographs
    Catalogue of Books and Monographs (last updated Nov 2006) The Archaeological Sites and Monuments of Scotland. Edinburgh, RCAHMS. Doon Hill: 3 diagrams of structures: 1) two structures, 2) area (with pencil marks) 3) halls A and B. Dumbarton Publication Drawings: 1) Description of illustrations 2) 16 diagrams and maps (4 maps of Scotland, rest diagrams (some cross-section). Kinnelhead and Drannandow: Maps of Kinnelhead sites (1-4, 6) and Drannandow (5, 7), with natural features, structures. Paper, some sellotaped together and fragile. North of Scotland Archaeological Services. Round House & Compass Circles: 2 diagrams 1) on left has concentric circles, probably done with compass, with numbers 2) on right plan of Round house (?) P2 with numbers and word 'Deu . ' (1923). A guide to the Anglo-Saxon and foreign teutonic antiquities in the Department of British and Mediaeval Antiquities. London, British Museum. (1925). A guide to antiquities of the early Iron Age in the Department of British and Medieval Antiquities. Oxford, Oxford University Press for the British Museum. (1926). A guide to antiquities of the Stone Age in the Department of British and Mediaeval Antiquities. Oxford, Oxford University Press for the British Museum. (1927). London and the Vikings. London. (1936). Proceedings of the Warrington Literary and Philosophical Society 1933-1936. Warrington, John Walker & Co. Ltd. (1937). The Archeological Journal. London, Royal Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 94 (XCIV). (1940). Medieval catalogue. London, The London Museum. (1947). Field Archaeology. Some Notes for Beginners issued by the Ordnance Survey. London, HMSO. (1947). The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial. A Provisional Guide. London, Trustees of the British Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Scottish Borders Council Tweeddale Area Forum
    SCOTTISH BORDERS COUNCIL TWEEDDALE AREA FORUM MINUTE of the MEETING of the TWEEDDALE AREA FORUM held in the Council Chamber, Rosetta Road, Peebles on 2 March 2016 at 6.30 p.m. ------------------ Present:- Councillors W. Archibald (Chairman), S. Bell K. Cockburn, G. Garvie, G. Logan. Community Councillors R. Howard, G. Hughes, C. Lewin, G. Parker, R. Tatler, J. Taylor, G. Tulloch. Apology:- Councillor C. Bhatia. In Attendance:- Infrastructure Manager (C. Ovens) for para 4, Flood and Coastal Management Team Leader (D. Morrison) for para 4, Strategic Community Engagement Officer (C. Malster) for para 8, Team Leader Road Safety and Traffic Management (J. McQuillin) for para 9, Inspector Mike Bennett (Police Scotland) for para 12, Keith Langley (Fire and Rescue Service) for para 5, Democratic Services Officer (K. Mason). Members of the Public:- Approximately 50. --------------------------------------- 1. ORDER OF BUSINESS The Chairman varied the order of business as shown on the agenda and the Minute reflects the order in which the items were considered at the meeting. 2. EASTGATE THEATRE AND ARTS CENTRE, PEEBLES The Chairman invited Captain Sir David Younger KCVO to present information on the Eastgate Theatre and Arts Centre, Peebles. Sir David explained that Education Scotland in partnership with Creative Scotland undertook three reviews of Creative Place Award winners in late 2015. In Peebles, HM Inspectors found that the Creative Place Award was a catalyst for extending the arts and culture and that the Eastgate Theatre provided strong and effective leadership as a creative hub for the Community. He advised this was a remarkable achievement for a relatively small community and took the opportunity to thank Scottish Borders Council for the arts grants made to the Theatre over the last 10 years.
    [Show full text]
  • PLANTS of PEEBLESSHIRE (Vice-County 78)
    PLANTS OF PEEBLESSHIRE (Vice-county 78) A CHECKLIST OF FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS David J McCosh 2012 Cover photograph: Sedum villosum, FJ Roberts Cover design: L Cranmer Copyright DJ McCosh Privately published DJ McCosh Holt Norfolk 2012 2 Neidpath Castle Its rocks and grassland are home to scarce plants 3 4 Contents Introduction 1 History of Plant Recording 1 Geographical Scope and Physical Features 2 Characteristics of the Flora 3 Sources referred to 5 Conventions, Initials and Abbreviations 6 Plant List 9 Index of Genera 101 5 Peeblesshire (v-c 78), showing main geographical features 6 Introduction This book summarises current knowledge about the distribution of wild flowers in Peeblesshire. It is largely the fruit of many pleasant hours of botanising by the author and a few others and as such reflects their particular interests. History of Plant Recording Peeblesshire is thinly populated and has had few resident botanists to record its flora. Also its upland terrain held little in the way of dramatic features or geology to attract outside botanists. Consequently the first list of the county’s flora with any pretension to completeness only became available in 1925 with the publication of the History of Peeblesshire (Eds, JW Buchan and H Paton). For this FRS Balfour and AB Jackson provided a chapter on the county’s flora which included a list of all the species known to occur. The first records were made by Dr A Pennecuik in 1715. He gave localities for 30 species and listed 8 others, most of which are still to be found. Thereafter for some 140 years the only evidence of interest is a few specimens in the national herbaria and scattered records in Lightfoot (1778), Watson (1837) and The New Statistical Account (1834-45).
    [Show full text]
  • Ring of the Loch 7 Bridge
    From the Megget Road end, the walk continues on the road verge until it descends to the loch shore south of the Megget Water The Ring of the Loch 7 bridge. It then follows the shoreline, briefly returning to the verge at the Fishing Club and Rodono House, and then continuing on the From the Hogg Monument the walk heads shoreline to Summerhope. At Summerhope the walk follows the verge before returning to the shoreline back to the Hogg Monument. 1 east (signposted), over the bridge, and Please note that this stretch of shore is popular with anglers – both fly fishing and using fixed rods. Please don’t disturb them or their joins the Southern Upland Way through equipment, and pass them on the landward side to avoid their rods and lines. In particular, take care when they are casting. Tibbie Shiels’ Inn car park, past St Mary’s Loch Sailing Club, and then along the A word of warning about this section: if the loch level is exceptionally high the shoreline stretches may become flooded, in which shores of the loch. At March Wood, you case you should keep to the road verge. will find stones carved with poetry associated with the area. Further on you will pass contemporary shoreline sculptures at Shinglehook, and Bowerhope Farm. 3 At the junction with the minor road to Megget there is another optional 6 diversion to Cockburn’s Grave and the 4 waterfalls of the Dow Linn. 5 P Ordnance Ordnance Survey Licence number 100023423 . The Hogg Monument After visiting St Mary’s Kirkyard, return to 6 the Drove Road and continue to the small settlement of Cappercleuch.
    [Show full text]
  • Section 9 – Cultural Heritage
    Faw Side Community Wind Farm – EIA Report Section 9 – Cultural Heritage Section 9 Figures CULTURAL HERITAGE Figure 9.1 Cultural Heritage Study Areas Contents Figure 9.2 Heritage Assets within the ISA – North Figure 9.3 Heritage Assets within the ISA – South 9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Figure 9.4 Heritage Assets discussed in text within the OSA – North 9.2 Policy And Guidance .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Figure 9.5 Heritage Assets discussed in text within OSA – South and Insets Figure 9.6 SM4543: Eskdalemuir Manse, cairn 230m west of 9.3 Consultations ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 9.7 SM4409: Rigfoot, settlement 9.4 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 9.8 SM4411: Sorbie, settlement 650m NW of 9.5 Baseline Conditions ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 9.9 SM4691: Lyneholm, settlement 500m WSW and homestead 250m SW of 9.6 Impact Assessment .............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Roxy's Movements in 2011
    Roxy’s movements in 2011 09 January 2011: Wintering same area Roxy has remained in the same area on coast, within an area of 0.36 square km. 19 January 2011: No change Still in same area, living in range of 0.36 square km to 19th January. 22 January 2011: No change Same area within a range of 0.38 square km. 28 January 2011 No change in behaviour. 06 February 2011: No change Roxy is still using the same area of rabbit warrens, in last 10 days within a range of 0.86 square km. 14 February 2011: No change Roxy remains in the same area although in last ten days has extended his range a bit to 1 square km. 18 February 2011: No Change No change in routine. 02 March 2011: No change Roxy remained in same area with a recent range of 0.74 square km. February 20th - 28th 08 March 2011 No change. 17 March 2011 Roxy continues to live on the coast, within an area of 0.6 square km from the 13th to 17th March. Roxy's location on the Whithorn coast 23 March 2011: Still there Roxy remains in exactly the same coastal area. Between 15th and 23rd March his ranging covered 0.8 km². Range March 18th - 23rd 03 April 2011: No change Roxy remains living on the coast in an area of 0.78 square km. It's amazing he has stayed so long in such a small area on the coast, while the other young are moving about in the north of Scotland.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Mounds and Cup Marked Stones
    Natural mounds and cup marked stones by Tam Ward, Biggar Archaeological Group January 2013 Natural mounds and cup marked stones. PAGE 1 Natural mounds and cup marked stones. Introduction Throughout the course of various projects by Biggar Archaeology Group (BAG) in the areas of the upper Clyde and Tweed rivers (Pl 1), a considerable amount of archaeological data has been gathered. During that work two aspects of the landscape have been found to be rather confusing; one is the presence of mounds which can easily be mistaken for burnt mounds and the other is a range of boulders with cup marks and even cup and ring markings, all of which are natural in origin. This paper deals only with the area of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. Plate 1 Project area and main Projects of BAG in Clyde/ Tweed valleys Natural mounds and cup marked stones. PAGE 2 Burnt mounds The first burnt mounds to be found in Lanarkshire (Ward 1992) and in Peeblesshire (Ward 2004) were in the early 1990’s and since that time, in both areas a considerable number of them have been discovered by BAG, however in Peeblesshire the work of the Peeblesshire Archaeological Society has accounted for many examples. A forthcoming report by this writer on the burnt mounds in question will be published on BAG web site in 2013. Therefore it is not intended here to describe at length the story of burnt mounds in the area. Suffice to say that burnt mounds are the product of heating water by using hot stones cooked in a bonfire, however the purpose of the process is still debated; whether the heating was used for cooking or cleansing seems to be the two favourable options.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Summary of Progress Since the Last Meeting
    CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY GEORGIA AGORI SCHOOL OF ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND AGRIFOOD Water and Wastewater Engineering The Behaviour of Haloacetic Acids in Distribution Zones in Scotland MSc by research Academic Year: 2013 -2014 Thesis submitted for the Degree of Master of Science Supervisor: Dr. Emma Goslan September 2014 CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND AGRIFOOD Water and Wastewater Engineering MSc by research Academic Year 2013 -2014 GEORGIA AGORI The Behaviour of Haloacetic Acids in Distribution Zones in Scotland Supervisor: Dr. Emma Goslan September 2014 Thesis submitted for the Degree of Master of Science © Cranfield University 2014. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the copyright owner. ABSTRACT HAAs are the second most prevalent class of DBPs after THMs in chlorinated drinking water and are of concern due to their potential human health risk. Their concentrations in drinking water are regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and other regulatory agencies and are currently under consideration by the European Union to be regulated at 80μg/L. However their monitoring in the distribution system is complicated because several parameters influence their formation and speciation. In addition the kinetics of HAAs and their formation and stability remain largely unidentified. The HAAs are not as chemically or biologically stable as THMs in aquatic systems and their stability may impact their measurement. The levels of HAAs within a distribution system may vary seasonally and spatially. Many studies have shown that their concentration in a distribution system can rise as well as fall. The levels of HAAs in the distribution system could be increased in the presence of residual chlorine or due to the decomposition from other DBPs and be decreased by biodegradation or hydrolysis and abiotic degradation.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Report
    .. Natural Environment Research Councii Institute of Geological Sciences Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Report p-_- A report prepared for the Department of Industry This report relates to workcarried out by the Institute of Geological Sciences on behalf of the Department of Industry. The information contained herein must not be published without reference to the Director, Institute of Geological Sciences D. Ostle Programme Manager Institute of Geological Sciences Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG No. 28 A mineral reconnaissance survey of the Abington-Biggar-Moffat area, south-central Scotland INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES Natural Environment Research Council Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Report No. 28 A mineral reconnaissance survey of the Abington-Biggar-Moffat area, south-central Scotland. South Lowlands Unit J. Dawson, BSc J. D. Floyd, BSc, PhD P. R. Philip, BSc 0 Crown copyright 1979 London 1979 A report prepared for the Department of Industry Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Reports The Institute of Geological Sciences was formed by the incorporation of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and 1 The concealed granite roof in south-west Cornwall the Geological Museum with Overseas Geological Surveys and is a constituent body of the Natural Environment 2 Geochemical and geophysical investigations around Research Council Garras Mine, near Truro, Cornwall 3 Molybdenite mineralisation in Precambrian rocks near Lairg, Scotland 4 Investigation of copper mineralisation at Vidlin, Shetland 5 Preliminary mineral reconnaissanceof Central Wales 6 Report on geophysical surveys at Struy, Inverness- shire 7 Investigation of tungsten and other mineralisation associated with the Skiddaw Granite near Carrock Mine, Cumbria 8 Investigation of stratiform sulphide mineralisation in parts of central Perthshire 9 Investigation of disseminated copper mineralisation near Kilmelford, Argyllshire, Scotland 10 Geophysical surveys around Talnotry mine, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland 11 12 Mineral investigations in the Teign Valley, Devon.
    [Show full text]