Male Hygiene from an Islamic Perspective (2Nd Edition)

Islamic Academy of Coventry

An Introduction to Male Hygiene from An Islamic Perspective (2nd Edition)

Maulana Ebrahim Noor Contents

Foreword 5 Hair Removal 24 Removing Hair from the Pubic Region 24 Introduction 6 Removing Hair from Under the Arm Pits 25

Cutting Nails 26 Coming of Age in Islam – Buloogh 8

Masail for Teenagers 27 Signs of a Male becoming Baaligh 9 What to do in the event of a Wet dream? 27 Nocturnal Emissions 9

Masail for Schools – Reading Salaat at school 29 Istinjaa 10

How to go to the Toilet 11 Masah over Socks 32 What is the problem with urinating in a standing position? 12 What type of Socks can we do Masah on? 32 Correct method of Going to the Toilet 13 How will Masah be done on the socks? 32 General Etiquette’s when going to the Toilet 14 How long will the Masah be Valid For? 33 What can we do Istinjaa with? 16 What breaks the Masah? 33 Istibra’ 17

Istinjaa from Greater Impurity 18 Masail for the Workplace 34 How to put clothes back on after istinjaa 18 Glossary 38 Using a Flat Pan/Squatting Toilet 18 General Questions related to Istinjaa 20 Summary 20

Ghusl 22 When does a person need to have Ghusl? 22 Compulsory acts in Ghusl 22 Sunnah Method of Ghusl 23

02 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 03 Foreword In the name of Allāh, the All-Merciful, the Very- Merciful.

All praise is to Allāh the Almighty and may perpetual peace and blessings be upon His noble Messenger, the Master of Both Worlds, Muḥammad .

The great jurist, Ibn Nujaym al-Miṣrī r writes in the introduction of his celebrated book al- Ashbah wa an-Nazā’ir, “Indeed, Fiqh (jurisprudence) is the most revered of all the sciences in its stature, the most magnificent in its reward, the most rewarding, the most extensive in its benefits, the most elevated in rank and the brightest of the pathways. It fills the eyes with radiance, the heart with happiness and the chest with understanding.”1

Bearing this in mind, the treatise in your possession is one of great benefit to the common Muslim as it pertains to a great aspect of his faith - cleanliness. The Noble Messenger Muḥammad  has mentioned that purity is half of one’s faith.2 Such is its importance that it can be described as a key that opens a plethora of good. It allows one to attain proximity to their Lord through prayer and by the recital of the Holy Qur’ān. Without attaining purity, a person is left isolated from auctioning the great acts of our faith.

It is for this reason that my dear friend Maulānā Ebrahim Noor has written a succinct but incredibly beneficial document in relation to purification. It highlights a variety of different Islamic rulings, which are often overlooked or forgotten. Indeed, the Sharia has stipulated certain guidelines, which must be adhered to in order to render one pure, and I have great hope that this booklet will assist many in achieving this objective.

I pray to Allāh  that He accept this work and make it a means of reward for the author in the Hereafter.

Abdus-Subhan Dalvi, Imām of Masjid e Qubā, London.

23rd December 2014

1 Ibn Nujaym, Al-Ashbah wa an-Naẓā’ir pg. 13 2 Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim

04 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 05 Page 6 A quick overview of the subjects covered in this booklet is as follows: Introduction Introduction I begin with Praising Allāh, Lord of the Worlds and sending Peace and Salutations to our • How does a person become ritually pure from uncleanliness? nd Replace 2 Paragraphbeloved (including Prophet Muḥammad Arabic text)  to. • What are the requirements in Islam with regards to personal hygiene, i.e. hair removal, cutting nails etc.? Cleanliness is a veryCleanliness important is aspect a very in important Islam. Our aspect Prophet in Islam. Muhammad Our Prophet  Muhammad mentions  the following hadith• Address Issues which young teenagers face during puberty mentions the following hadith narrated by Abi Malik Al-ash’ari  narrated by Abi Malik Al-ash’ari  • Address Issues for people who wish to pray in schools or the work-place • Answer common questions relating to male hygiene عن أَيِب مالي ٍك اْلَشع يريي قا َل .It is recommended that both children and parents should read this booklet/course together َ ْ َ ْ ْ َ َ There are still subjects today, which are taboo. Many parents still feel embarrassed talking about these things with their children. There is an expectation that the child has acquired قا َل رسوُل ا هيَّلل صهلى ا هَّلل علييه وس هلم الطُّهور شطر ا يْلميا ين 13 this knowledge during his time at the madrassa, but in reality it is the responsibility of the َ َ ُ َ ُ ََْ َ َ َ ُ ُ َ ُْ ْ َ parent to ensure that their child knows all the relevant Masail (rulings) before he comes of ‘Cleanliness is half of Imaan’3. age. The child must be comfortable enough to be able to ask their parents any questions they may have and the parent must be comfortable enough to answer them without being Replace reference Greatto emphasis has been placed on cleanliness and it is mentioned numerous times in both embarrassed and more importantly know the correct answers themselves. the Quran and the Hadith to show its paramount importance in Islam. Sahih Muslim 328 In this edition we have provided more clarification on some rulings and made amendments The reason why it is so important is that it is a pre-requisite, a condition for prayer. Before as necessary making it easier to understand. Following feedback from respected scholars a person can engage in certain types of prayer like Salaat, Tawaaf or reading the Quran, a (This will mean all the other reference numbers will also change in booklet) we have also added more supporting evidences in certain sections to enable the readers person must be in a state of Purity. Being in a state of physical purity also safeguards people to understand the basis of the subject matter more clearly. We have kept it concise as it is from many illnesses and diseases. only an introduction to the subject matter. If you need more information or clarification on any ruling then it is always good to consult your local scholars. One of the reasons for compiling this booklet/course was that we found many people had queries about cleanliness both young and old. Whether this is related to specific situations in Finally I would like to thank all the people who have helped in the compilation of the workplace or at schools. We also found that there was a genuine knowledge gap where this booklet. many male adults in our community were not familiar with the basic concepts of hygienic requirements in Islam, such as how to perform Ghusl and what hair needs to be removed May Allāh  accept all our efforts, Ameen. etc. There are many resources available, which explain cleanliness and purity in Islam in great detail, but sometimes it is difficult to translate this information into real life situations. We Ebrahim Noor (15th Dhul-Hijjah 1437) have prepared this booklet/course with this in mind and Insha’Allāh it will address some of these specific issues related to cleanliness, which affect males. Whether this is in the home, An Introduction to Male Hygiene 2nd Edition (17th September 2016) in schools or in the Workplace. We have also placed great emphasis on prepubescent children – children who are due to become baaligh (mature) and young teenagers. This is a time when their bodies are going through a lot of physical changes and many things happen which can be embarrassing and even frightening in some cases. They face certain scenarios where they are unsure what to do. This then results in a lot of them staying impure without actually knowing it.

3 Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 328

06 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 07

1 Sahih Muslim 328

Page 08 – Coming of Age in Islam Replace the page Comingcontents with of the Age following in Islam and add –the Buloogh reference which is in the foot note. Signs of a Male becoming Baaligh When a person comesWhen aof person age in comes Islam, of ageit is in a Islam, life changing it is a life changing experience. experience. The terminology The terminology used used in Shari’ah is calledThe two natural ways in which a child will be classified as having becoming baaligh or mature Buloogh, so a personin Shari’ah becomes is called ‘Baaligh’ Buloogh, when so he a \personshe reaches becomes the ‘Baaligh’ age of puberty.when he\she The reaches person the will age now have to fulfilare allas follows of puberty. The person will now have to fulfil all of the acts of Worship, which have been of the acts of Worship,commanded which haveto them been by Allāh commanded . They willto them now have by Allāh to read. SalaatThey willfive now times have a day, to theyread Salaat five times• If a child has a wet dream – this is also known as Ihtilaam a day, they will havewill tohave keep to keepall of all the of thecompulsory compulsory fasts fasts in in the the month month ofof Ramadan, Ramadan, and and they they will will have have to to discharge the(Nocturnal Emissions). Zakaat if they havedischarge enough the wealth Zakaat and if they also have go for enough Hajj if wealth they canand alsoafford go tofor do Hajj so. if they They can will afford now to be do answerable for all• If a child reaches 15 Islamic years of Age (This equates to approximately 14 years so. They will now be answerable for all of their actions, good and bad. and 6 months in the Western Calendar) and hasn’t had a Wet Dream up until then, of their actions, good and bad. he will automatically become baaligh. The laws of modesty now also become an obligation for both males and females. The body The laws of modestyparts now which also constitute become as an ‘Awrah’ obligation or ‘Satr’ for (private both males parts) andhave females. to remain The covered body in parts front ofwhich constitute as Nocturnal Emissions ‘Awrah’ or ‘Satr’ (privatethe relevant parts) people. have For to females, remain they covered must alsoin front observe of thethe rulesrelevant of Hijaab. people. There For are females, many they must also resources which have further information regarding this subject. observe the rules of Hijaab. There are many resources which have further information regarding this subject. The Medical Term for a wet dream is called a Nocturnal Emission. Whilst a person is sleeping they will discharge a liquid, which will be sticky and very different from urine. When Note for Parents: Teach your children how to read Salaat from an early age Note for Parents: Teach your children how to read Salaat from an early age the person wakes up they will notice the wet sticky patch in their underwear. This is a very Now before we go into what makes a person mature or Baaligh in Islam, it is very important common occurrence and one should not be embarrassed when this happens. We will cover Now before we gothat into the what child makes knows ahow person to fulfil mature all of theor Baalighobligations in Islam,that are it requiredis very important of them before that they the child knowsthis how in more detail later when we get to the Common Masail for Teenagers Section. become Baaligh. For example, the time to learn how to read Salaat is not after they become So to summarize this section, a boy will become baaligh when he experiences a wet dream to fulfil all of the obligationsBaaligh but before,that are so requiredwhen the oftime them comes, before they theyalready become know howBaaligh. to pray For and example, not just the time to learn or reaches 15 years of age without having had a wet dream. This boy will have to complete how to read Salaatthat, is not they after are inthey a habit become of praying Baaligh 5 times but before, a day so so they when don’t the see time any c omes,difference they in alreadythe know how to pray and not just that,changeover they are in a habit of praying 5 times a day so they don’t see any difference in the changeoverall of the obligations. In Islam he will be considered an adult. If we try to start teachingIf we try ourto start children teaching how our to children read Salaat how toafter read they Salaat have after become they have Baaligh, become by Baaligh,the time they are reading by the time they are reading five times a day they will have already missed so many Salaat. Important Note: five times a day they will have already missed so many Salaat. These Salaat will then have to be made up. The advice These Salaat will then have to be made up. The advice for parents is to follow the advice There are other non-natural ways in which a child may attain puberty but these are for parents is to followfrom the the Hadith advice of fromour Prophet the Hadith Muhammad of our  Prophet Muhammad  prohibited in Islam.

ي ي قَا َل َر ُسوُل ا هَّلل َصهلى ا هَّللُ عَلَيْه َو َسهل َ م ي ي ي 24 مُُروا أَْوََل َدُك ْم يِبل هصََلة َوُه ْم أَبْ نَاءُ َسبْيع سنني Our Prophet said Our Prophet  said

“Command“Command your your children children with with SalaatSalaat when when they they are are seven seven years years old”. old”. Now the wisdom behindNow the this wisdom is that behind if a childthis is starts that if toa child learn starts how to to learn read how Salaat to read from Salaat the fromage ofthe seven, age by the time the child has reached often seven, years by of the age, time in the these child threehas reached years, ten they years have of age,gradually in these built three up years, from they reading have a single Salaat to gradually built up from reading a single Salaat to one Salaat a day and slowly building up to one Salaat a day andfive slowly Salaat buildingevery day. up Once to five they Salaat are regular every in day. this, Once it will theybe easy are for regul themar to in this,maintain it willthis be easy for them to maintain this momentummomentum and carry carry on on reading reading Salaat Salaat five five times times a daya day after after it becomes it becomes an obligation an obligation on on them. We also have to rememberthem. Wethat also sometimes have to remember females thatreach sometimes maturity females at a much reach younger maturity ageat a muchthan males,younger so the sooner they age than males, so the sooner they are taught the better. are taught the better.

4 Sunan Abu Dawud 418

08 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 09

2 Sunan Abu Dawud 418 Istinjaa How to go to the Toilet Page 10 Istinjaa is the term used to describe the process in which one removes uncleanliness after Before we go into details of how to perform Istinjaa, we must learn the best method of Replace the Istinjaa section with the following and add references as well in footnote Pagethey 10 have been to the toilet. If Istinjaa is not done properly then it will leave a person in an how to go to the toilet. The reason for this is that we are trying to limit the area where the Istinjaaimpure is the state. term usedIf the to persondescribe theis in process an impure in which state, one removes then all uncleanliness actions of after worship they have which been require to the toilet. a uncleanliness spreads to a minimum so it is easier for us to clean ourselves. The more the Replace the Istinjaa section with the following and add references as well in footnote If Istinjaacondition is not of done ritual properly purity then will itnot will be leave valid. a person in an impure state. If the person is in an impure state, then uncleanliness spreads the harder it will be for us to remove it. allIstinjaa actions is the of worshipterm used which to describe require thea condition process inof which ritual purityone removes will not uncleanliness be valid. after they have been to the toilet. The other thing we have to remember is that both urine & faeces are ‘Najaasat-e-Ghaleeza’, If IstinjaaIstinjaa is notis donealso properlya Sunnah then itof will our leave Prophet a person Muhammad in an impure state.  If the person. Anas is in an impure narrates state, then Istinjaa is also a Sunnah of our Prophet Muhammad . Anas  narrates the following Hadith: all theactions following of worship Hadith: which require a condition of ritual purity will not be valid. which means they are classed as dense or heavy uncleanliness. If we get them onto our clothes or body and don’t clean them, then it is possible that we will not be in a ritually pure Istinjaa is also a Sunnah of our Prophet Muhammad . Anas  narrates the following Hadith: ,state depending on how much area the uncleanliness covers. If we are not ritually clean ي ٍ .again any acts of worship which require ritual cleanliness will not be valid َعن أَنَس بن مالك ي قُوُل Page 11 ْ َ ْ َ َ َ ه ي ه يعن أَنس بين ميالي ٍكي ي قُوُل ي ي ٍ Insert this section at the top as a sub heading and the reference in the footnote َكا َن النهيِبُّ َصلى ا هَّللُ َعلَيْه َو َسل َم إَذَاْ َخَرََج ِْلَا ََجته أَجَيءُ أَََن َوغََُلمٌ َمَعنَا إَداَوةٌ م ْن َم اء يَ ْعيِن Correct method of urination ي ٍ Correct method of urination ه ي ه ي ي يي 3ي ي َكا َن النهيِب صلى ا هَّلل َعلَيه وسلم إذَا َخ رج ِلايجتهي يأ5َجيء أَََن وغََُلم معنَا إَداوةٌ من م اء ي عيِن In order to learn the correct method of urination, we have to look at the Sunnah of the ُّ َ ُ ْ َ َ َ َيَ َْستَ نَْجَي به ُ َ ٌ ََ َ ْ َ َ ْ In orderProphet to learn the correct. method of urination, we have to look at the Sunnah of the Prophet .  ي يي 3 the I used call toof come nature, and anotherI used boy to withcome me, and with aيَ ْستَ ,natureنْ ofج answerي call بtoه WheneverWhenever the Prophet the Prophet   went to answer went the tumbleranother full ofboy water with so me,that hewith may a washtumbler his private full of parts. water so that he may wash his private parts. ي عن عائِةَ قَالَ ت Whenever the Prophet  went to answer the call of nature, I used to come and another boy with me, with a َ ْ َ َ ْ As mentioned earlier, to be clean is a requirement for worship therefore it is very important that a person knows how tumblerAs mentioned full of water earlier, so that heto may be washclean his is private a requirement parts. for worship therefore it is very important من ح هدثكم أَ هن النهيِب صلهى ا هَّلل علَييه وسلهم كان ي بوُل قائيما فَل تص يدقوه ما كان ي ب وُل يإهَل to dothat Istinjaa a person properly. knows The howfollowing to do Hadith Istinjaa also showsproperly. the warningThe following for people Hadith who don’t also do shows Istinjaa the properly. warning َ ْ َ َ ُ ْ ه َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ َُ َ ً ََ ُ َ ُ ُ َ َ َ َُ As formentioned people earlier, who don’tto be cleando Istinjaa is a requirement properly. for worship therefore it is very important that a person knows how .properly عIstinjaa ن do اب ين don’tع بها whoٍ س قَا َل people مرfor النهيِب warning صهلthe ى ا هَّلل shows علَييهalso وسهلHadithم بيَقْبي ين following فَ َقاThe َل .to do Istinjaa properly قَايع ًدا 57 َ ْ ْ َ َه ُّ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ َْْ يه ي ي ي ه يي يه ي ي ي AishahAishah  said “Whoever said “Whoever narrated to narratedyou that the to Prophet you that  the Prophetwould urinate  while standingwould urinate, then do not إَّنَُما لَيُ ع َ هذَِبن َوَماعَ ْين ُ عَابهْذيَنِب نعَ بهياِف ٍسَك بقَاٍريَ لأَ همَماه رأَ اَحلنهُدي ُُِّبُهَ ا َفصَلَكاى َنا هََّللَُل يعَلَْيْستَه ِتَُو َمسلْنَم ابلْبَق ْْوْبَيْلي نَ وأَفَ همَقاا اَل ْل َخُر فَ َكا َن َميِْي .”while standing, thenbelieve do not him. believe He would him. notHe urinatewould notexcept urinate while squatting”.except while squatting ي ي ي ي يِب ليإنههيَّنمُيمام يةلَ يُ ُُثهع َ هأذَِبخ َذن وجَمياري ي دُعةًَ هذرِبطْبنةً يفَِفَ َِكهقيبهاٍري نيأَهمصاَ فأَ يَنيح ُدفَ ُغَُهَراز فَيَكِفا َُكن يلَ َلقَ يٍَْب ستَوايِتيح مدةًن قَاالْلبَُ واوي لَي وأَرهمسا واَْل ل اَخهيَّللر يفِلَ َكفَ اعَنلْ َميْت ِهيَذ ا We canWe see can from see the fromabove theHadith above that ourHadith Prophet that  our Prophet would not urinate while would standing. not urinate Therefore while a person ََ ََ ََ َ ََ َ َ ْ ْ َ َ ْ َْ ُ َ ْ ْ َ ََ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ .shouldstanding. urinate while Therefore they are a seated person or squatted.should urinate while they are seated or squatted ي ي ي ي ه ي ي ي ي ٍ ي 4 ي ي ِبلنهميَمة ُُثه أَ َخ َذ َجري َدةً َرطْبَةً فَ َِقَاَهَال نلَعَْصهلَفهُْ نيُُيَ فَ غََُفرَ ز عَنْ ِفُه َُكماي ل َمقَاْ َْبِلْ يَ وايْ بَح َدساةً قَالُوا ََي َر ُسوَل ا هَّلل ِلَ فَ عَلْ َت َه َذا Ibn Abbass  narrates that the Prophet  passed by two graves and he said “Indeed both of them are Change ‘What is the problem with urinating standing up to’ ه ي 64 of them, he didn’t save himself from قَا َلone لَعfor لهAsُ ُُيَ ف ُ.thingف عَنْ greatُه مa ا مfor ا َِل ي ي بpunishedس اbeing punished and they are not being ?What is the problem with urinating in a standing position َ َ َ ْ ََْ َ beingIbn Abbass soiled  with his narrates urine andthat as the for Prophet the other;  he used passed to walk by around two graves causing and enmity he said between “Indeed friends”. both of themThen theare Ibn Abbass narrates that the Prophet passed by two graves and he said Prophetbeing punished  and took they a arefresh not palm being leaf punished and split itfor in ahalf, great and thing. planted As forone one on eachof them, grave. he He didn’t was askedsave himself why you from did Add the following to the top of that section this;being“Indeed he soiled said “Iwithboth hope his of that urine them their and are torture as beingfor themight punishedother; be lessened, he used and totill they walk these arearound get notdried” causing being enmity punished between for afriends”. great thing.Then the ProphetAs for  one of tookthem, a fresh he palmdidn’t leaf save and split himself it in half, from and being planted soiled one on witheach grave.his urine He was and asked as why for youthe did In many countries and cultures there is a habit where people urinate in a standing position. Apart from being against Replacethis;other; he said the he “IHow usedhope to thatgoto towalk their the aroundtortureToilet section might causing bewith lessened, enmity following till between these get friends”. dried” Then the Prophet  the Sunnah of the Prophet what other problems are there associated with urinating in this position? Beforetook we a gofresh into palm details leaf of how and to split perform it in Istinjaa,half, and we plantedmust learn one the onbest each metho grave.d of how He to was go to asked the toilet. why The Replace the How to go to the Toilet section with following Change ‘Correct method of going to Toilet’ to a sub heading and add the section below at the bottom of it reasonyou fordid this this; is that he wesaid are “I trying hope to that limit their the area torture where might the uncleanliness be lessened, spreads till these to a minimum get dried” so it is easier for usBefore to clean we goourselves. into details The ofmore how the to uncleanlinessperform Istinjaa, spreads we must the harder learn the it will best be metho for us dto of remove how to it. go to the toilet. The Note: Advice on toilet etiquette reason for this is that we are trying to limit the area where the uncleanliness spreads to a minimum so it is easier for The other thing we have to remember is that both urine & faeces are ‘Najaasat-e-Ghaleeza’, which means they are us to clean ourselves. The more the uncleanliness spreads the harder it will be for us to remove it. In Europe and America, the most common style of toilet is the seated toilet or commode. These are filled with water classed as dense or heavy uncleanliness. If we get them onto our clothes or body and don’t clean them, then it is at the bottom and it is best practise to put a small amount of tissue paper in the toilet first to reduce the risk of possibleThe other that thing we we will have not beto rememberin a ritually is pure that state both depending urine & faeces on how are much‘Najaasat area- ethe-Ghaleeza’, uncleanliness which covers. means If they we are splashing. Splashes can sometimes reach our exposed body parts and cause them to become even more unclean. notclassed ritually as dense clean, oragain heavy any uncleanliness. acts of worship If whichwe get require them ontoritual ourcleanliness clothes willor body not be and valid. don’t clean them, then it is possible that we will not be in a ritually pure state depending on how much area the uncleanliness covers. If we are Make sure excessive amounts of tissue are not put in the toilet or it will cause blockage. Remove the ‘So what is the correct method for urination? Heading and section underneath not ritually clean, again any acts of worship which require ritual cleanliness will not be valid. Also ensure that the seat is clean before sitting on it, so use some tissue paper to clean it first. If needed, you can lay 5 Ṣaḥīḥ Bukhari 146 Remove6 Ṣaḥīḥ the Bukhari ‘So what 211 is the correct method for urination? Heading and section underneath some 7tissue Sunan on Tirmidhi the seat 12 as well before sitting to avoid direct contact with your skin. We must ensure that after we have finished all the tissue paper is disposed of correctly and if the seat is wet, we wipe that clean that as well.

10 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 11

3 Sahih Bukhari 146 4 Sahih Bukhari 211 3 Sahih Bukhari 146 4 Sahih Bukhari 211

5 Sunan Tirmidhi 12 What is the problem with urinating in a standing position? Correct method of going to the toilet

In many countries and cultures there is a habit where people urinate in a standing position. Before we go to the toilet, we have to make sure we don’t leave it till the last minute and go when we are completely desperate. If we wait then there is a chance that a few drops of urine Apart from being against the Sunnah of the Prophet  what other problems are there can come out and make us impure. It is also not good for our health as we put extra strain associated with urinating in this position? on our bladder. So let us make sure that we relieve ourselves properly and in good time. • When we urinate standing, there will be splashes from the urine, which will touch our clothes and our bodies. Some will be so minute that we will not be able to see them but Note: Advice on toilet etiquette they will have made us impure. • We will not be able to clean ourselves properly when standing up; there is normally no In Europe and America, the most common style of toilet is the seated toilet or commode. tissue paper or water available with urinals. If one tried to clean themselves then the These are filled with water at the bottom and it is best practise to put a small amount of tissue water would again spill over the person’s body and clothes causing him to become even paper in the toilet first to reduce the risk of splashing. Splashes can sometimes reach our more unclean. exposed body parts and cause them to become even more unclean. • A person cannot total relieve himself when standing up. If a person sits down and Make sure excessive amounts of tissue are not put in the toilet or it will cause blockage. relieves himself then there is pressure on the bladder, which will allow the maximum amount of urine to pass. Also ensure that the seat is clean before sitting on it, so use some tissue paper to clean • When standing up it is in a public place, so there is a chance you will be exposing your it first. If needed, you can lay some tissue on the seat as well before sitting to avoid direct private parts to other people, which is Haraam, forbidden. There is also a chance that contact with your skin. We must ensure that after we have finished all the tissue paper is you will see other people’s private parts, which is again forbidden. disposed of correctly and if the seat is wet, we wipe that clean that as well. • Hygienically, there is greater chance of infections, diseases and smell if a person stands and urinates. This is due to the reason that they cannot clean themselves properly. The person’s underwear as well as his body will become impure ‘Napaak’. • The person will not be able to do istibra’ properly, this is the process is which a person is sure that there are no more drops of urine left and he has relieved himself properly. We will go through this in more detail later on.

So you can see from the above reasons why it is not advised to pass urine in a standing position. The main reason will be that a person will not be able to attain cleanliness properly thus raising the probability of invalidating any worship carried out in this state.

12 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 13 Page 12 Page 12 PageGeneral 12 Etiquettes when going to the Toilet General Etiquettes when going to the Toilet ChangeGeneral the Etiquettes above to when a sub going heading to the and Toilet replace the whole section with the following Change the above to a sub heading and replace the whole section with the following BeforeChange we the go above to the to toileta sub weheading should and enter replace with the our whole left foot section and recitewith the the following supplication mentioned in the Hadith Below.Before we go to the toilet we should enter with our left foot and recite the supplication mentioned in the Hadith Below.Before we go to the toilet we should enter with our left foot and recite the supplication mentioned in the Hadith Below. ي ي ي ي ٍ ي َع ْن َعبْ يد الَْعيزييز بْن صَُهيْ ٍب قَاَل َيَسْع ُت أَنَ ًسا يَ قُوُل عن عب يد الْعزيز ب ين صهيب قَاَل ََسعت أَنَسا ي قُوُل َع ْن َعبْد الَْعيزييز بْ ين ُصَهيْ ٍب قَاَل َيَسْع ُت أَنَ ًسا يَ قُوُل كانْ النهيِب َصلهى ا هَّلل عُلييه وسلهم يإذا دخل اًْْل ََلء قال َ َ ي ُّ َه ُ ََْي َ َ هَ ي َ َ َ َ ََ َ َ َ َكا َن النهِبُّ َصلهى ا هَّللُ َعلَيْيه َو َسلهم إيذَا َد َخل ا ْْلَََلء قَاَل َكا َن النهيِبُّ َصلى ا هَّللُ َعلَيْه َو َسل َم إذَا َد َخ َل ا ْْلَََلءَ قَاَل ه يي ي ي ي ي ي 6 اللهمه إ ّن أَعُوذُ بي َك يمن ا ْْلُب يث وا ْْلَبائي يث 6 اللهُهم يإيّن أَعوذ بك م ْن ا ْْلبُث َوا ْْلَبائث 6 اللهُه هم يإي ّن أَ ُعوذُ بي َك يم ْن ا ْْلُبُ يث َوا ْْلََبائي يث ,the call of nature, he used to say ُ هAnas  said “Whenever the Prophetََ Muhammadَ ُُ ْ َ wentُ ُ to answer Anas  said “Whenever the Prophet Muhammad  went to answer the call of nature, he used to say,  "Allāh-humma inni a'udhu bika minal khubuthi wal khaba'ith””. Anas said “Whenever"Allāh the- hummaProphet inni Muhammad a'udhu bika  minal khubuthi went to walanswer khaba'ith””. the call of nature, he used to say, O Allāh, I seek Refuge"Allāh -withhumma you innifrom a'udhu all offensive bika minal and khubuthiwicked things wal khaba'ith””. (evil deeds and evil spirits). O Allāh, I seek Refuge with you from all offensive and wicked things (evil deeds and evil spirits). Once we haveO Allāh, entered I seek the Refuge toilet, withwe should you from try andall offensive not talk toand anyone wicked while things we (evil are deedsrelieving and ourselves. evil spirits). Once we have entered the toilet, we should try and not talk to anyone while we are relieving ourselves. OnceWe should we have not entered read anything the toilet, inside we or should use any try devices and not including talk to anyone mobile while phones we and are relievinghand held ourselves. gaming devices. We should not read anything inside or use any devices including mobile phones and hand held gaming devices. WeTry andshould spend not the read least anything time inside inside a ors possible. use any devices including mobile phones and hand held gaming devices. Try and spend the least time inside as possible. WhenTry and removing spend the your least clothes, time inside or lowering as possible. your garments, make sure that they do not touch the floor or there is a risk When removing your clothes, or lowering your garments, make sure that they do not touch the floor or there is a risk Whenthat some removing uncleanliness your clothes, can transfer or lowering onto your your garments, clothes. Some make toiletssure that can they be very do not dirty touch and thevery floor often or therethere is urinea risk onthat the some floor uncleanliness as well so take can extra transfer care. onto your clothes. Some toilets can be very dirty and very often there is urine onthat the some floor uncleanliness as well so take can extra transfer care. onto your clothes. Some toilets can be very dirty and very often there is urine Removeon the floor your as socks well beforeso take wearing extra care. any sandals which are used especially for going to the toilet, especially in a Masjid orRemove Madrassah. your socks A very before common wearing problem any sandals nowadays which is people are used wear especially their socks for going while tothey the are toilet, in the especially toilet. The in a sandalsMasjid orRemove Madrassah. your socks A very before common wearing problem any sandals nowadays which is people are used wear especially their socks for going while tothey the are toilet, in the especially toilet. The in a sandalsMasjid mayor Madrassah. have some A uncleanliness very common on problem them and nowadays when the is personpeople wearleaves their their socks socks while on inside they theare Masjidin the toilet. or Madrassah The sandals the uncleanlinessmay have some can uncleanliness spread. on them and when the person leaves their socks on inside the Masjid or Madrassah the uncleanlinessmay have some can uncleanliness spread. on them and when the person leaves their socks on inside the Masjid or Madrassah the Makeuncleanliness sure you can have spread. no rings or amulets with Allāh’s name on it, or the Quran, or any other prayer material when we Page 12 Make sure you have no rings or amulets with Allāh’s name on it, or the Quran, or any other prayer material when we Page 12 goMake inside sure the you toilet. have no rings or amulets with Allāh’s name on it, or the Quran, or any other prayer material when we General Etiquettes when going to the Toilet go inside the toilet. General Etiquettes when going to the Toilet goIt is inside Makrooh the toilet. Tehreemi (very undesirable) to face the Qiblah or have our back towards it while relieving ourselves. Change the above to a sub heading and replace the whole section with the following TheIt is HadithMakrooh below Tehreemi explains (very this. undesirable) to face the Qiblah or have our back towards it while relieving ourselves. Change the aboveGeneral to a sub Etiquettes heading and when replace going the to whole the Toilet section with the following TheIt is HadithMakrooh below TehreemiIt isexplains Makrooh (very this. Tehreemi undesirable) (very undesirable)to face the Qiblahto face theor haveQiblah our or haveback ourtowards back towards it while it relieving ourselves. Before we go to the toilet we should enter with our left foot and recite the supplication mentionedThe Hadith in the below Hadithwhile explains relieving this. ourselves. The Hadith below explains this. Before we go to the toilet we should enter with our left foot and recite the supplication عن أَيِب أَيُّوب اْْلَنصايريي قَا َل Below.Before we go to the toilet we should enter with our left foot and recite the supplication mentioned in the Hadith َ ْ َ ْ َ ي ي .Below. mentioned in the Hadith Below عَن أَيِب أَيُّو َب اْْلَنْ َصاري قَا َل عَ ْن أَيِب أَيُّو َب اْْلَنْ َصايري ي قَا َل ي ي ي ي ي ٍ ي قَا َل رسوُل ا هَّلل صهل ى ا هَّلل علَيه وسهلم عن عب يد الْعزيز ب ين صهيب قَاَل َيَسعت أَنَسا ي قُوُل قَا َل َر ُسوُل ا هيَّلل َصهل ى ا هَّللُ َعلَْييه َو َسهل َم َع ْن َعبْد الَْعيزييز بْ ين صَُهيْ ٍب قَاَل ََسْع ُت أَنَ ًسا يَ قُوُل قَا َل َر ُسوُل ا هيَّلل َصهل ى ا هَّللُ َعلَْييه َو َسهل َم َ ْ َْ َ ْ َُْ ْ ُ ً َ َ ُ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ ي 97 ي ه ه ي ي ي ي َكا َن النهِب صلى ا هَّلل َعلَييه وسلم إذَا َد َخل ا ْْلَََلء قَاَل ي َ َ ي ي َ ي 7 ي ُّ َه ُ ْ َ َ هَ ي َ َ يإذَا أتَى أ َح ُدُكم الْغَائي َط فَََل يَستَ ْقيبل الْيقبْ لَةَ َوََل ي َُوي ّلَا ظَْهرهُ َشرقُوا أْو غَربُوا َكا َن النه ُِّب صلى ا هَّلل َعلَيْه وسلم إذَا َد َخل ا ْْلَََلء قَاَل إذَا أَتى أَح ُدُك ْم الْغائ َط فَََل ي ْست ْقبل الْقب لَة وََل ي و ّلا ظَهَره ش يرقُوا أَو غَ يربوا7 َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ يإذَا أَتَى أَ َح ُدُك ْم الَْغائي َط فَََل يَ ْسَت ْقيبل الْيقْب لََة َوََل يُ َوي ّلَا ظَْهَرهُ َش يرقُوا أَْو غَ يربُوا Abu Ayub Al-Ansariَ ُ ْ narratesَ ُ thatَ Allāh’sْ Apostleَ َ said:َ “If anyoneَ of youَُ 86 Abu Ayub Al-Ansari ْ narrates thatَ Allāh'sَ Apostleَ  said:ْ "If anyone of ْyou goes to an open space for ه يي ي ي ي ي ي Abu Ayub Al-Ansarigoes  to annarrates open space that for Allāh's answering Apostle the call of nature said: he should "If anyone neither of face you nor goes turn to his an open space for اللهمه إّن أَعوذُ بك يمن ا ْْلُبث وا ْْلَبائث 6 answering the call of nature he should neither face nor turn his back towards the Qiblah, he should either face the اللهُهم يإي ّن أَ ُعوذ بي َك م ْن ا ْْلبُ يث َوا ْْلَبائي يث Abuanswering Ayub Althe-Ansari call of naturenarratesback he towardsshould that theneither Allāh's Qiblah, faceApostle he nor should turn either his back facesaid: thetowards "If east anyone or the the ofQiblah, west”. you goes he should to an opeitheren space face thefor ُ ه ُ ُ َ ْ ُُ َ ََ Anas  said “Whenever the Prophet Muhammad  went to answer the call eastof or the west”. Anas  said “Whenever the Prophet Muhammad  went to answer the call of nature,eastanswering he or used the tothewest”.The say, call reason of nature why east he and should west was neither mentioned face in the nor above turn Hadith his backis because towards Medinah the was Qiblah, to the north he should of Makkah either, face the Anas  said “Whenevernature, he used the Prophetto say, “Allāh-humma Muhammad inni  a’udhu bikawent minal to answer khubuthi the wal call khaba’ith”. of nature, he used toTheso say, by Thereason facing reason why either east why east and oreast west west, and was you west mentioned would was avoid mentioned in facingthe above or turning in Hadith the yourabove is because back Hadith towards Medinah is thebecause was Qiblah. to the Medinah north of wasMakkah , "Allāh-humma inni a'udhu bika minal khubuthi wal khaba'ith””. east or the west”.so byto facing the north either ofeast Makkah, or west, youso wouldby facing avoid either facing oreast turning or west, your backyou towards would avoidthe Qiblah. facing or turning "Allāh-humma inni a'udhu bika minal khubuthi wal khaba'ith””. The reason why east and west was mentioned in the above Hadith is because Medinah was to the north of Makkah, O Allāh, I seek Refuge with you from all offensive and wicked things (evil deeds Soso bywhatyour facing should back either youtowards east recite or whenwest,the Qiblah. you leavewould the avoid toilet? facing or turning your back towards the Qiblah. O Allāh,and I evilseek spirits). Refuge with you from all offensive and wicked things (evil deeds and evil spi rits). So what should you recite when you leave the toilet? O Allāh, I seek Refuge with you from all offensive and wicked things (evil deeds and evil 6 spi Sahih rits). Bukhari So what 139 So what should should you recite you when recite you when leave theyou toilet? leave the toilet? ي ي ه ي ه ي ي ي 6 َعن َعائي ََِة ر يضي ا هَّلل َعْن َها قَالَ ْت َكا َن النهي ُِّب صلهى ا هَّلل َعلَيْيه وسلهم إي َذا َخ ر ج يم ن ا ْ ْلَ َ َل ي ء قَ ا 141139 َ ل Once we have enteredOnce wethe have toilet, entered we should the toilet,try and we not should talk to try anyone and not while talk we to anyoneare relieving while ourselves. we are7 Sahih Bukhari َع ْن َعائ ََِة َرض َي ا هَّللُ َعْن َها قَالَ ْت َكا َن النهي ُِّب َصلى ا هَّللُ َعلَيْه َو َسل َم إ َذا َخ َر َج م ْن ا ْْلَََلء قَاَل 76 َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َْ َ ْ َ َ ُّ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ َ ََ َ ي ْ ََ ي Once we have enteredrelieving the ourselves. toilet, we should try and not talk to anyone while we are relieving ourselves. Sahih Bukhari 141139 ي ي ي ه 8 ي ه ي 7 َعن َعائ َِةَ رضي ا هَّلل َعنْ َها قَالَ ْت َكا َن النه ُِّب صلى8 ا هَّلل َعلَيْه وسلم إذَا َخ رج من ا ْْلَََل ء قَا141َ ل We should not read anything inside or use any devices including mobile phones and hand held gaming Sahih devices. Bukhari ْ َ َ ُ غُْفرانََك 8 ُ َ َ َ َ َ ْ غُْفَرانَ َك .We should not readWe shouldanything not insideread anything or use any inside devices or use including any devices mobile including phones mobile and handphones held and gaming hand devices َ َ َ 108 غُْفر انَ َك .Try and spend theheld least gaming time devices. inside as possible َ Try and spend the least time inside as possible.  Aishah  narrates that when the Prophet  used to come out from the toilet he used to recite Try and spend the least time inside as possible. AishahAishah  narrates narrates that whenthat whenthe Prophet the Prophet  used to comeused out to from come the outtoilet from he used the to toilet recite When removing your clothes, or lowering your garments, make sure that they do not touch the floor or there is a risk  “Ghufraanaka” (Your Forgiveness) When removing your clothes, or lowering your garments, make sure that they do not touch the floor or there is a riskAishah  narrates he that used when to the “Ghufraanaka”recite Prophet “Ghufraanaka”  (Yourused Forgiveness) (Your to come Forgiveness) out from the toilet he used to recite that some uncleanlinessWhen removing can transfer your clothes, onto your or lowering clothes. your Some garments, toilets make can be sure very that dirty they and do notvery touch often there is urine In another Hadith, Anas  narrates that“Ghufraanaka” when the Prophet (Your Forgiveness)  used come out from the toilet he used to that some uncleanliness can transfer onto your clothes. Some toilets can be very dirty and very often there isIn urine another Hadith, Anas  narrates that when the Prophet  used come out from the toilet he used to on the floor as wellthe sofloor take or extra there care.is a risk that some uncleanliness can transfer onto your clothes. Some recite In another Hadith, Anas  narrates that when the Prophet  used come recite on the floor as welltoilets so cantake be extra very care.dirty and very often there is urine on the floor as well so take extra care. In another Hadith, Anas  narratesout that from when the the toilet Prophet he used  to recite used come out from the toilet he used to Remove your socks before wearing any sandals which are used especially for going to the toilet, especially in a Masjidrecite ي ٍ Remove your socks before wearing any sandals which are used especially for going to the َعن أَنَ يس ب ين مالي ٍك قَاَل Remove your socks before wearing any sandals which are used especially for going to the toilet, especially in a Masjid َع ْن أَنَ يس بْ ين َمالك قَاَل or Madrassah. Atoilet, very especiallycommon problemin a Masjid nowadays or Madrassah. is people A very wear common their socks problem while nowadays they are isin peoplethe toilet. The sandals َ ْ َ ْ َ ي or Madrassah. A very common problem nowadays is people wear their socks while they are in the toilet. The sandals عن أَن يس ب ين مال ٍك قال ي ي may have some uncleanlinesswear their socks on whilethem theyand arewhen in the person toilet. The leaves sandals their may socks have on inside some uncleanlinessthe Masjid or Madrassah the ي ه َ ْ َ ي ْ هَ ي َ َ ي ي َكا َن النهي ُِّب َصلهى ا هَّللُ َعلَيْيه وسلهم يإ َذا َخرج يم ْن ا ْْلَََليء قَاَل may have some uncleanliness on them and when the person leaves their socks on inside the Masjid or Madrassah the َكا َن النهيِبُّ َصلى ا هَّللُ َعلَيْه َو َسل َم إذَا َخَر َج م ْن ا ْْلَََلء قَاَل uncleanliness canon spread. them and when the person leaves their socks on inside the Masjid or Madrassah the َكا َن النهيِب صلهى ا هَّلل علَييه وسلهم يإذَا خرج يمن ا ْْلََليء قَاَل .uncleanliness canuncleanliness spread. can spread ُّ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ ََ َ ْ َ 119 ي ي ي Make sure you have no rings or amulets with Allāh’s name on it, or the Quran, or any other prayer material when we 9 ي ي هي ي ي 9 ا ِْلم ُد يهيَّلل الهيذي أَ ْذَهب َعي ِن اْْلَذَى وَعافَايّن Make sure you have no rings or amulets with Allāh’s name on it, or the Quran, or any other ا ِْلَْم ُد هَّلل الذي أَذَْه َب َعي ِن اْْلَذَى َوَعافَايّن goMake inside sure the you toilet. have no rings or amulets with Allāh’s name on it, or the Quran, or any other prayer material when we َْ.”WaÀfani ي يprayer material when we go inside the toilet. Alhamdulillah9 َ َ hilladhi Adh’haba َ َ َ Ànnil Adha ا ِْلمد ه."WaÀfani َّلل الهيذAdha ي أَذAnnil` هب عيAdh’haba ِن اْلَذhilladhi ىah وعافايّن go inside the toilet. Alhamdulill َْ ُ."Alhamdulillَ َ َ ah hilladhiَ ْ Adh’haba َ َ َ Ànnilْ Adha WaÀfani It is Makrooh Tehreemi (very undesirable) to face the Qiblah or have our back towards it while relieving ourselves. Alhamdulillah hilladhi Adh’haba Ànnil Adha WaÀfani". (Praise(Praise be tobe Allāhto Allāh who who rid rid meme ofof thethe filth filth and and gave gave me health) me health) TheIt is HadithMakrooh below Tehreemi explains (very this. undesirable) to face the Qiblah or have our back towards it while relieving ourselves. (PraiseAlhamdulill be to Allāhah hilladhi who rid Adh’haba me of the Ànnil filth andAdha gave WaÀfani". me health) The Hadith below explains this. So bothSo bothof the of above the supplicationsabove(Praise supplications be(Duas) to Allāh can who(Duas)be read rid metogethercan of be the asread filth follows: and together gave me as health) follows: So both of the above supplications (Duas) can be read together as follows: So both of the above supplications (Duas) can be read together as follows: ي ي ي ي ي غُْفرانك اَ ِْلمد يهيَّلل الهيذي أَذْهب عيِن اْْلَذَى وعافَايّن عَن أَيِب أَيُّوب اْْلَنْصاري قَا َل غُْفَرانَ َك اَ ِْلَْم ُد هَّلل الهيذي أَذَْه َب َعي ِن اْْلَذَى َوَعافَايّن ع ْن أَيِب أَيُّو َب اْْلَنْ َصايري ي قَا َل َ َْ ي ي ي َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ غفرانك ا ِْلمد هَّلل الهذي أَذهب عيِن اْلَذى وعافايّن َُْ َ َ َ َْ ُ َْ َ َ ْ َ َ َ َ Ṣaḥīḥ Bukhari 141 9 ي ي Ṣaḥīḥ Bukhari 139 8 Sunan Tirmidhi 7 10 قَا َل رسوُل ا هَّلل صهل ى ا هَّلل علَيه وسهلم َ ُ ي َه ُ َ ْي َ َه َ Sunan Ibn Maajah 297 Male Hygiene • 15 11 قَا َل رسوُل ا هَّلل صل ى ا هَّلل عَلَيه وسCoventry لofم Islamic Academy • 14 َ ُ َ ُ ْ َ َ َ

7 ي ي ي يإذا أَتى أَحدكم الْغائط فَل يست قيبل الْقب لة وَل ي و ّلا ظهره ش يرقوا أَو غ يربوا7 ي َ َ َ ُُ ْ َ ي َ ََ َ َْ ْي يْ ََ ََ َُيَ َْ َ ُ َ يُ ْ َ يُ إذَا أَتَى أَح ُدُكم الْغَائ َط فَََل يست ْقبل الْقب لَةَ وََل ي و ّلا ظَهره َشرقُوا أَو غَربوا َ ْ َ َْ ْ َ َُ َ ْ َ ُ ْ ُ Abu Ayub Al-Ansari narrates that Allāh's Apostle  said: "If anyone of you goes to an open space for  Abuanswering Ayub Althe-Ansari call of naturenarrates he should that neither Allāh's faceApostle nor turn his back said: towards "If anyone the ofQiblah, you goes he should to an opeitheren space face thefor eastanswering or the thewest”. call of nature he should neither face nor turn his back towards the Qiblah, he should either face the east or the west”.

6 Sahih Bukhari 139 6 7 Sahih Bukhari 141139 7 Sahih Bukhari 141

8 Sunan Tirmidhi 7 8 Sunan Tirmidhi 7 98 Sunan Tirmidhi 7 9 Sunan Ibn Maajah 297 9 Sunan Ibn Maajah 297 8 Sunan Tirmidhi 7 9 Sunan Ibn Maajah 297 What can we do Istinjaa with? Method of Cleaning after Urination

Before we answer to the call of nature, it is important that we have with us the necessary There is a difference in the method between men and women when it comes to attaining items we need to become clean. The last thing we want is to go to the toilet and find there is cleanliness after urination. Males have to perform Istib’ra which is the process of ensuring no tissue paper or water or utensil to clean ourselves with. that no urine is left in the private part after urination. Women do not have to perform this however, they must be confident that they have relieved themselves fully. We have to remember that the following answers are based on the method, which was used over 1400 years ago so today’s method will be slightly different in application but the result Once this has been done, it is recommended to use some tissue paper first (with the left of attaining cleanliness and purity will be the same. hand) to absorb any drops of urine which may be left and then wash the private area with water. So what are the items we can use to perform Istinjaa? When washing, the utensil must be held in the right hand and the left hand used to clean the Clots of soil or stones, and that which take their place (i.e. tissue paper etc.), one must wipe actual area. (the area) until it is clean. One must not use writing paper to perform Istinjaa. Originally, before tissue paper was invented people used to use clots of soil or stones. The stones were the type which had natural absorbing qualities so the uncleanliness would be easier Istib’ra to remove. We also have to remember that the diet of the past people was very different to ours. Their excretion would be mostly hard, dry and not spread, so it was easier to clean. If a person has only urinated then they must do Istibra’. Istibra’ is the process with which a The substitute to stones nowadays would be tissue paper. So if the uncleanliness has not person makes sure that all of the traces of urine have come out completely. So how can we spread and a person cleaned themselves with tissue paper until they were sure that all of the do istibra’? uncleanliness has been removed, it will be enough. • To shake, sway or squeeze the private part very gently Washing it with water is better! • Coughing • Taking few steps Like it was mentioned earlier, the characteristic of the excretion of the past people was • Passing water over the private part and waiting very different to what it is nowadays. Our diets and food have changed, so when we relieve ourselves it is difficult to attain cleanliness with only tissue paper. Therefore to be sure, it is There are no restrictions in how to do istibra’ as long as one is sure that all traces of uinre better to use water as well to clean ourselves. have come out. It is very common that after one gets up they feel that there are still traces of urine coming out. A common remedy for this is to use tissue paper inside the underwear. If any traces do come out then the tissue can be removed and the private part can be washed Note: What to do if uncleanliness spreads again. If no traces come out then there is no harm in leaving the tissue in the underwear.

If the uncleanliness exceeds its origin and spreads then we have to use water to remove it. By using just tissue paper, we would first have to use a lot of tissue. The tissue paper will also not be able to completely remove it. The cleaning qualities of water and tissue cannot be compared. The water will remove the impurity, the smell and the effect of the impurity; whereas with tissue paper there is a possibility some of these will remain.

One should not perform Istinjaa with a bone, or with dung, or with food, or with the right hand.

The main point for us from the above is to not perform Istinjaa with any item that can cause us harm, or an item that does not have absorbing qualities. We must also make sure we don’t use the right hand to clean ourselves.

16 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 17 Istinjaa from Greater Impurity We can see from this Hadith that answering the call of nature in a squatting position is the Sunnah of our Prophet , so this would be the preferred position. This position is A recommended procedure for doing Istinjaa is as follows: also the cleanest as it reduces the possibility of splashes and the toilet can be easily cleaned for use. Wipe 3 times with tissue paper, from front to back the first time, back to front the second time and then front to back the third time. If necessary wipe more times and use more tissue Recent medical studies have concluded that the squatting position enables a person to paper. easily relieve themselves by opening up the relevant organs. They have even recommended that people who use a commode or an English Toilet use a stool to raise their legs and After you have finished cleaning with tissue paper, hold the water utensil in the right hand simulate a squatting position. and wash the left hand first if needed and then use the inner part of the middle finger (of the left hand) to clean the soiled area. If needed use the middle parts of the ring finger, little Many of our children and even us nowadays have never used a Flat Pan toilet or the ‘hole in finger and index finger (all of the left hand) in that order. The reason for using the middle part the ground’ South Asian style toilet, so we find it difficult to squat in that position. If anybody is so that we don’t cause damage to our private parts which are very sensitive. By using the ever comes across one of these and has not used them before then it can be a testing fingertips or having long nails can lead to injury when performing Istinjaa. experience. The best advice would be as follows:

We should continue cleaning ourselves until we are confident that the impurity and smell has Completely remove the lower garments so they don’t get soiled and hang them up away from been removed. Wash the hands with soap after Istinjaa. Ensure that the toilet area is left the floor. When removing them, make sure they don’t touch the ground as there is a chance clean and any water spillage has also been dried. some uncleanliness is on the floor.

Sit in a squatting position with pressure on your stomach, this will ensure that the correct pressure is applied to the organs so that we can relieve ourselves quickly and completely. How to put clothes back on after Istinjaa Make sure you get the correct balance before you start to relieve yourselves as there is a PageBy 15 using only the middle part of our fingers for Istinjaa, our finger tips of the left hand should chance you may topple over. be clean as well as our entire right hand. At the very least our left thumb and little finger tip Change ‘How to put clothes back on after Istinjaa to a sub heading’ and replace the section with below of the left hand should be clean as well as our whole right hand. Once you have relieved yourself, perform Istinjaa and wash hands. By using only the middle part of our fingers for Istinjaa, our finger tips of the left hand should be clean as well as our Take care when putting clothes back on to make sure that they don’t touch the floor and get entireMake right hand.sure thatAt the we very only least use our the left cleanthumb portion and little of finger our handstip of the and left fingers hand should to put be cleanour underwear as well as our dirty. This can get tricky but if we roll up the trousers legs or skirt\dress before we put them wholeback right on hand. and our lower garments or else there is a risk of making our clothes unclean as we haven’t had a chance to wash our hands properly yet. This will be relevant especially if we on, that can make it easier. Makeare sure in that a cubicle we only with use the no cleansink portionin there. of our hands and fingers to put our underwear back on and our lower garments or else there is a risk of making our clothes unclean as we haven’t had a chance to wash our hands By using them regularly a person can get used to them and it is also the quickest cleanest properly yet. This will be relevant especially if we are in a cubicle with no sink in there. & Sunnah method. Using a Flat Pan/Squatting Toilet Change Using a Flat Pan\Squatting toilet to a sub heading and replace section with below Change Using a Flat Pan\Squatting toilet to a sub heading and replace section with below

ي َع ْن َعائ َِةَ قَالَ ْت ه ي ه ي ي ي َم ْن َح هدثَ ُك ْم أَ هن النهيِب ه َصلى ا هَّللُ َعلَيْه َو َسل َم َكا َن يَ بُوُل قَائًما فَََل تُ َص دقُوهُ َما َكا َن يَ بُوُل إهَل قَايع ًدا 1012 Aishah  said “Whoever narrated to you that the Prophet would urinate while standing, then do not Aishah  said “Whoever narrated to you that the Prophet  would urinate while standing, thenbelieve do nothim. believe He would him. not He urinate would except not whileurinate squatting”. except while squatting”. We can see from this Hadith that answering the call of nature in a squatting position is the Sunnah of our Prophet , so this would be the preferred position. This position is also the cleanest as it reduces the possibility of splashes and the toilet can be easily cleaned for use. 12 Sunan Tirmidhi 12 Recent medical studies have concluded that the squatting position enables a person to easily relieve themselves by opening18 up• Islamicthe relevant Academy organs. of They Coventry have even recommended that people who use a commode or an English Toilet Male Hygiene • 19 use a stool to raise their legs and simulate a squatting position. Many of our children and even us nowadays have never used a Flat Pan toilet or the ‘hole in the ground’ South Asian style toilet, so we find it difficult to squat in that position. If anybody ever comes across one of these and has not used them before then it can be a testing experience. The best advice would be as follows:

Completely remove the lower garments so they don’t get soiled and hang them up away from the floor. When removing them, make sure they don’t touch the ground as there is a chance some uncleanliness is on the floor. Sit in a squatting position with pressure on your stomach, this will ensure that the correct pressure is applied to the organs so that we can relieve ourselves quickly and completely. Make sure you get the correct balance before you start to relieve yourselves as there is a chance you may topple over. Once you have relieved yourself, perform Istinjaa and wash hands. Take care when putting clothes back on to make sure that they don’t touch the floor and get dirty. This can get tricky but if we roll up the trousers legs or skirt\dress before we put them on, that can make it easier. By using them regularly a person can get used to them and it is also the quickest cleanest & Sunnah method.

10 Sunan Tirmidhi 12 General Questions related to Istinjaa Note for Parents: Teach your children properly from an early age

Question: At school or work we have no utensil to go to the toilet for water, how do It is very important for parents to teach their children how to perform Istinjaa from a young we perform istinjaa? age and ensure that they know the correct procedure for going into the toilet. Many parents let their young children go to the toilet and do not teach them the correct method. The child Answer: You should keep a small empty bottle with you at all times so when the gets into a habit and then finds it difficult later on in life to perform Istinjaa properly. For time comes for you to go to the toilet you can take it inside the cubicle example, letting young male children urinate while standing, or allowing the children to get with you. If there is no sink inside the cubicle, make sure you fill the bottle up after going to the toilet without having cleaned themselves. before you go in. Make sure you know how to perform Istinjaa with that amount of water. Use tissue paper first to remove the uncleanliness then We also send our young children to the Masaajid and Madaaris. We must ensure that they use water after. know how to keep clean before we take them. There have been many occurrences where young children have accidents and soil themselves inside the Masaajid or Madaaris causing If it is too difficult to take a bottle into the cubicle and you want to be more the prayer area’s to become unclean. This causes great problems for the responsible persons discrete then other products are available in the market from vendors such especially when the parents do not help in cleaning up after. So only take our children once as wudhumate who produce plastic containers which can fold up and be they are at an age where we are confident they are clean, they know how to keep clean, that easily put inside the pocket. they will not have any accidents and will not disturb other people in their prayer.

Question: Can I use wet tissue paper to clean myself?

Answer: If one has only urinated, then use dry tissue paper first to absorb the remaining drops of urine. Then the wet tissue paper could be squeezed so the water is passed over the private area.

If the person has also passed stool then it is recommended that dry tissue is used first then the wet tissue paper. One must be sure that the uncleanliness has been removed. As much as one can help it they should try and use water so no doubts enter their mind that they are not clean.

Summary

Istinjaa is a necessary and integral part of keeping clean. We must learn how to do it and do it properly. Both religiously and hygienically it is beneficial. It safeguards a person from catching infections, diseases, protects them from bad smells and most importantly keeps a person in a pure state from an Islamic Point of View. All of the worship a person does will be valid.

On the other hand a person who stays impure does not fulfil the conditions of prayer. If any of the conditions of a prayer are not complete then the prayer will not be deemed valid. All the effort and time will be futile.

20 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 21 Ghusl Sunnah Method of Ghusl Ghusl is the procedure, which a person undertakes to clean their body from ritual impurity or If a person has enough time and there is no shortage of water then it is recommended that ‘janaabat’. If a person does not do Ghusl properly then he will not leave the state of janaabat they perform the Sunnah method of Ghusl, which is as follows. and any acts of Worship, which require a condition of cleanliness, will not be valid. • First wash your hands up to your wrists. • Then wash your private parts ensuring that all uncleanliness is removed. Also wash When does a person need to have Ghusl? any other areas on your body, which have uncleanliness on it. Remember if any uncleanliness has moved onto your hands this also now needs to be washed off. For males, Ghusl becomes compulsory after any form of ejaculation, which could be in • We must have the intention that we are doing ghusl to remove our state of impurity. This the following scenarios: does not have to be verbal as long as we know why we are doing this action. • After a wet dream. • Then perform complete Wudhu. • After having intimate relations with your wife. • Finally wash the whole body 3 times (ensuring no part is left dry even equivalent to a single hair). Once a person has experienced any of the above they enter into a state of Ritual Impurity (janaabat) and must perform Ghusl to become pure again. They must NOT touch the Quran Note: What to do if water collects in the place of Ghusl or perform Salaat while they are in this state. If water collects in the place of Ghusl then one should leave washing of the feet to the end. So if you are having a shower and the water is not draining quickly enough then you should Compulsory acts in Ghusl complete the whole ghusl except washing the feet. Just before you finish, you should wash both of your feet 3 times. It is recommended that the shower be turned off for a little while, There could sometimes be a need to only perform the Faraidh (compulsory) acts of Ghusl in so the water completely drains, and then wash your feet. certain situations. For example, if there is a shortage of water, or of time etc.

For a person to become ritually pure they must perform at a minimum the following actions:

• To gargle the mouth once (If fasting ensure water does not get swallowed, keep water in mouth). • To clean inside the nose once (If fasting ensure water does not pass through the nose into the head). • To wash the whole body once, ensuring no space is left dry (even that which is equivalent to a hair).

Once the above actions have been completed, a person will now be considered clean and ritually pure.

Note: Ensure the whole body has been washed

There are certain places in the body where people sometimes forget to wash or it may be difficult for water to reach these areas. Water must reach any opening in the body which is not sealed like an ear piercing. We must also ensure to wash the inner part of the navel and ensure that water reaches the all external parts of our private area. Water must also reach the skin under the eyebrows.

A male must ensure that all of the hairs over his body are washed and water has reached the skin where the roots of the hair exist. If a male has long hair or a thick beard then they must take extra precaution when washing to ensure water has reached the scalp and face areas which are covered by the hair.

22 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 23 Page 20 Hair Removal Question: If a person has become baaligh but has no growth there, does he still need Hair Removal to shave the area? Another integral part of cleanliness and hygiene is to remove hair from certain parts of Changeour body. Section The to below removal of this hair is Sunnah and is also very beneficial from a hygiene Answer: No, only when the hair starts to grow should one start to remove it. perspective. Another integral part of cleanliness and hygiene is to remove hair from certain parts of our body. The removal of this Question: What is the ruling for removing the hair from the rear region around hair is Sunnah and is also very beneficial from a hygiene perspective. the anus? Abu Hurayrah  narrates that the Prophet  said “5 things are from Fitrah Abu(pure Hurayrah nature),  removing narrates the that pubic the Prophet hair, circumcision, said”5 trimming things are the from moustache, Fitrah (pure plucking nature), the removing the Answer: If the hair can be removed without difficulty then it is Mustahab to remove pubicarmpit hair, hair circumcision, and shortening trimming the the nails”. moustache, plucking the armpit hair and shortening the nails”. this hair, which means it is desirable. Again one must take great care when removing hair from this area as it is very sensitive and injuries can be caused very easily. This hair does not normally grow until a person gets ي ه ي ه much older so if there is no hair there, do not attempt to remove it as you َع ْن أَيِب ُهَريْ َرةَ قَاَل قَاَل َر ُسوُل ا هَّلل َصلى ا هَّللُ َعلَيْه َو َسل َم could cause yourself injury. ََخس يمن الْيفطْرية ايَلسيتحداد وا ْْليتان وقَص ال هِاير يب ون تف اْيْلب يط وت ْق يل يم اْْلَظْفاير 13 Note for parents: Keep your kids well supplied ْ ٌ ْ َ ْ ْ َ ُ َ َ ُ َ ُّ ََْ ُ ْ ََ ُ َ Change the Removing Hair from the Pubic Region to a sub heading Removing Hair from the Pubic Region Parents should advise their children on how to do this and also make sure they are doing it correctly. Make sure you get them everything they need like clean blades and shaving foam There is a lot of misunderstanding as to exactly what this area is. The upper boundary is if necessary. Also let them know to tell you when they need anything. the naval however this does not mean that one should remove the hair all the way up to the naval. There will be a distinct boundary around the pubic area, which shows the difference between normal hair and pubic hair. Only the pubic hair needs to be removed. Removing Hair from Under the Arm Pits The armpit is one of the areas where a person sweats a lot. By removing the hair, it removes This will also include any hair on the private part itself as well as hair on the scrotum. a lot of smell and bad odour. Many people get bad odour due to having a lot of hair under the The ideal way to remove this must be shaving. This must be done very carefully. The armpits so when they sweat, it is harder to clean the area properly and get rid of the smell. best time to do this would be whilst one is having ghusl and has cleaned the area. It is The hair under the armpit must also be removed in the same manner as the pubic hair recommended that one remove the hair in a state of purity so if they have been in a state of however it is recommended that it be plucked with tweezers rather than shaved. Some Janaabat – impurity, they have performed the Ghusl first. people might wonder how is this possible but if a person has made this a habit from the To aid in the removal of the hair, one can use shaving foam, shaving cream or soap if beginning then it is practical. Otherwise removal using a blade or cream is allowed. necessary. This sometimes helps in easing the removal of the hair. Try and use a clean blade The area will be under the armpit, in the area where the texture of the hair is different to the and do not share this with anyone else. other hair. All of this hair should be removed. The time scales are the same as they are for removing the pubic hair. The best practise would be to remove the hair every Friday when It is recommended that this hair be removed at least once a week, preferably whilst performing the ghusl for Jumma. This way it will be easier to remove the hair as it will not be that long. If one does Ghusl for Jumma. For children who go to school this will be difficult as they will be a person cannot do it every week then they should do it every fortnight. The maximum time at school so they should wake up early and do ghusl before they go to school. period one can leave their hair is 40 days however this is only recommended for people who

have extremely slow hair growth. One must not leave their hair to grow longer then the length of a grain of rice. If a person does not remove their hair within 40 days then they will be sinful.

If one has a problem in using a blade then it is permissible to use hair removing lotion or cream. This can be in the case of people who have certain medical conditions such as

eczema or Psoriasis.

Once the hair has been removed, ensure that the bathing area, shower tray etc. is cleaned leaving no traces of any hair. Clean the blade and put it away in a safe place out of reach of younger children.

24 • Islamic Academy of Coventry 13 Sunan Tirmidhi 2680 Male Hygiene • 25

Cutting Nails Masail for Teenagers Cutting one’s nails are also a Sunnah of our Prophet Muhammad  .They are also There are many times where a person who has just become mature, ‘baaligh’ comes across counted as part of our ‘Fitrah’ or pure nature as mentioned in the Hadith before. Again it is a situation, which can be confusing and also disturbing. In this section we will try and recommended that a person clips them once a week. They should not let them grow to such address some of the most common scenarios. One must remember that these things are a length where impurities collect under the nails. It can also cause us harm when we are natural and a person should not be embarrassed about them. performing Istinjaa if we have long or sharp nails. So what should you do as soon as you have had a wet dream? Cutting the nails in any way or order is permissible. As soon as the person has woken up and realised they have had a wet dream then they Note: Don’t bite your nails should make preparation for Ghusl. It is recommended that a person first makes Istinjaa and then makes Ghusl right away. If the person has had the dream in the early portion of the There is a habit where people bite their nails. This is unhealthy and not recommended as night, then again it is recommended that they do not wait till the morning but have Ghusl as uncleanliness collects inside the nails and this will then transfer into your mouth! soon as possible.

They should take a towel, a clean set of clothes and make Ghusl according to the Sunnah method. Some of the person’s clothes will also be impure now and sometimes people find it embarrassing to put them into the laundry bin as they might have a strong smell or be quite wet. In that case it is recommended to put the clothes into a plastic bag first, or wash away the impurity first, then put it into the laundry basket.

If this is the first time a person experiences this, then they should inform their parents. Most of the time children are embarrassed but once they inform their parents, this eases their worries. They will tell them what to do with their impure clothes and even help them get into some sort of routine whenever they experience this.

Note: Keep enough spares

Parents should inform their children of the possibility of this happening beforehand. So when it does happen they are prepared and know what to do. If the person’s bed sheets have also become impure then these must also be removed. It is always handy to have a spare set of sheets so they can be changed quickly. If a person frequently experiences wet dreams, then it will not be practical for them to keep changing the bed sheets. The best way to protect the sheets from getting dirty is to make sure when sleeping, a person sleeps with underwear and pyjamas, in this way the probability of the sheets getting dirty will be reduced.

It is also recommended that you have a supply of clean underwear with spares so you may need to purchase a few more pairs if you can’t get them washed in time. If you know how to use the washing machine yourselves then you can wash your own clothes and bedding if necessary. Again, parents must prepare for this and ensure the child has enough bedding, underwear, pyjamas, towels etc.

Note: Don’t delay, do Ghusl right away

26 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 27 If a person is now in need of Ghusl, they must not delay at all as there could be a risk they will miss an obligatory Salaat. Many times people delay the Ghusl till the morning and by Masail for Schools – Reading Salaat at school the time they wake up, they realize there is not much time left for Fajr Salaat and end up Nowadays many children have facilities to read Salaat in schools but still face practical missing it. issues. This section will cover the answers to some common scenarios.

Question: A person wakes up thinking they have had a wet dream but can see no Question: I am not allowed to wash my feet in the sink at school, how do I signs of any discharge; does the person still need to perform Ghusl? perform Wudhu?

Answer: If there is no visible evidence that the person has experienced a wet Answer: This situation also occurs in many work places. Due to health and safety, dream then Ghusl will not be necessary. sometimes people are not allowed to wash their feet in the sink. We should be mindful that this custom can appear strange to other people who do Question: I had a wet dream while I was fasting, is my fast broken and do I have to not know what Wudhu is and can also sometimes cause them offence repeat it? when they see us put our feet in the sink. We have to be sensitive to their feelings and ensure we do not cause anyone any offence. Answer: A persons fast does not break if they experience a wet dream, therefore no fasts need to be made up. The person must ensure that they perform There are a number of alternatives to washing our feet in the sink Ghusl as soon as they wake up. as follows: What if someone has a wet dream in the Masjid while they are on Jamaat? Question: a. If a person lives near, they could go home and do Wudhu in the lunch break. Answer: You must wake a senior member of the Jamaat right away in a discrete manner and they will escort you to the bathroom so you may perform your b. If a person is able to keep their Wudhu, then perform Wudhu before ghusl. Make sure that any impure clothes or bedding is not left inside the leaving for school\work masjid prayer hall. Once a person has become clean, if they are on a long tashkeel (over a week) then they must wash their clothes as soon as c. If the school\workplace has a disabled bathroom, if the school\company possible. If they are on a short tashkeel then leave the clothes in a bag give permission they could use that bathroom. and keep them outside of the masjid, and wash them as soon as you get home. d. Many schools\companies have first aid or quiet rooms which also have sinks which could be used.

e. If there is no possible way to wash the feet then use Masah Socks. This will be covered in more detail later on.

Note: Clean up after you have performed Wudhu

When performing Wudhu, many people leave a lot of water on the floor, around the sink. We have to realise that other people also use these facilities so we have to make sure we clean all of the water, especially on the floor. It could cause people to slip and have a serious injury. Islam teaches us to be clean, respectful and help protect other people from harm and injury. By leaving a mess it becomes a potential hazard and we are acting against the teachings of Islam.

28 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 29 Question: Who should be the imam when reading Salaat at work or at school? Question: We have a small break for Lunch and there are lots of people waiting to read, should be read our whole Salaat, in other words our Fardh, Sunnah Answer: It should be the person who is the most learned in the rules of Salaat. If and Nawaafil? there are two people who possess the same amount of knowledge, then it should be the person who knows how to read the Quran with the correct Answer: If there is limited space then one should just read their fardh Salaat and rules of recitation, not necessarily the person who knows the most Quran. make space for the other people to also read there fardh Salaat. They Then again if we have 2 people who possess the same knowledge, it will should wait until everyone has read and if there is still time, read their be the person who is the most pious. Sunnah and Nawaafil. If there are sisters who also share the room then please be mindful that they also need to pray so complete your Salaat as Question: If there are no baaligh children in the Jamaat, can a non-baaligh soon as you can. Do not waste time sitting and talking in the room if other child lead? people are waiting.

Answer: The Salaat of a non-baaligh child is not obligatory therefore if there were Question: Can we read in the prayer room when there are sisters also in the room? no baaligh people in the Jamaat it would be permissible for one of them to lead. It will be used as a learning method so when the time comes that Answer: Unless there is some sort of barrier or curtain between the prayers spaces they are baaligh; they are already familiar with how to lead a prayer. it is not recommended for the boys to read Salaat the same time as the girls. You should have separate time slots and ensure you do not disturb Question: Can a non-baaligh child perform the Iqaamah if other baaligh children are one another’s prayer times. present? Note: Use a sign if necessary to inform people the prayer room is in use Answer: The Iqaamah will be done but it is recommended that a baaligh child perform it. However if it is for educating them then there is no harm in it. If there are sisters inside the prayer room, do not keep disturbing them to see if they have finished. Wait patiently until they have finished, if time is limited you can knock lightly to Question: I joined in a Salaat, which was being led by a non-baaligh child, is my inform them you are waiting. Salaat valid? Also it may be useful if a small sign is printed on a piece of paper saying ’Sisters Inside’ so Answer: If you are baaligh, you can only read your Salaat behind another person they can hang it up whilst they are reading to stop getting disturbed. As soon as they have who is baaligh, your Salaat will have to be repeated. finished they can remove the sign and the males can go in.

Question: We don’t have a place to read Salaat in school what do I do? Sometimes you may be in a multi faith prayer room where there are no barriers and no separate section for females to pray. In this case, find an appropriate place in the room so Answer: Schools & Academies are not obliged to provide prayer spaces however you are positioned in front and away from any females who may be praying. upon request, many schools will provide a private area to read. This could be a meeting room, or a classroom or even a first aid room. Failing that, the child should try and find a private space to pray where they will not be disturbed. If the child even has problems finding a private space then the next alternative would be get a group of like minded students together and formally ask the school for a private space with the help of their parents and local school governors. The schools in our Country are very respecting and understanding and will cater for the needs of their students. All you have to do is not be shy and ask politely, do not be harsh or forceful, as they are not obliged to provide a place to pray.

30 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 31 Page 28 Masah over Socks Change sectionMasah to below over Socks How long will the Masah be Valid For? For people whoFor find people it difficult who find to wash it difficult their to feet wash for their Wudhu, feet for whether Wudhu, they whether are travelling,they are travelling, or at school or at or work, it Foris a Muqeem, a person who is not a traveller, the period of validity is 24 hours AFTER they permissible for schoolthem to or perform work, it is Masah permissible over certainfor them types to perform of socks. Masah The oversocks certain are referred types of tosocks. as Khuffayn The as shown firstin broke their Wudhu. Look at the following scenario: socks are referred to as Khuffayn as shown in the Hadith below. the Hadith below. • Person does complete Wudhu at 8am and puts on Khuffayn after (Masah socks). The person breaks their wudhu at 10 am. • The Masah will be valid until 10 am • عن سع يد ب ين أَيِب وقها ٍص the following day. For a traveller (a Musafir) the period will be 72 hours from the َ ْ َ ْ ْ َ moment the Wudhu was first broken. عن النهييِب صلهى ا هَّلل علَييه وسلهم أَنهه مسح علَى ا ْْلهف يني 1411 ?What breaks the Masah َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ُ ْ Saad ibn Abi Waqaas  narrates that the Prophet  used to perform Saad ibn Abi Waqaas  narrates that Masahthe Prophet on Khuffayn.  used to perform Masah on Khuffayn. • If 24 hours pass for a Muqeem or 72 hours for a Musaafir from the first time they broke Wudhu. This section containsThis section very importantcontains very information important informationon how to onperform how to itperform correctly. it correctly. If it is notIf it doneis not correctly, then • If the socks are taken off. cleanliness for prayerdone correctly, will not thenhave cleanliness been obtained for prayer and any will subsequentnot have been prayers obtained will and be invalid.any subsequent prayers will be invalid. • Anything, which breaks Wudhu. If this is within 24 hours for a Muqeem, or What type of Socks can we do Masah on? within 72 hours for a Musaafir (traveller) then only Masah will need to be What type of Socks can we do Masah on? done on the sock. The majority of jurists have stipulated certain conditions on which type of sock can be used for Masah. This is based • If a person experiences ritual impurity (Janaabat) then Masah will not suffice, on the quality Theof leather majority socks of jurists which have are stipulated referred certain to as conditionsKhuffayn. on Any which other type sock, of sock on can which be used the Masah will be for Masah. This is based on the quality of leather socks which are referred to as Khuffayn. the socks will have to be removed and the feet washed. permissible, hasAny to possessother sock, the on same which qualities the Masah as the will leather be permissible, socks. has to possess the same qualities as the leather socks. Question: Can a person do Masah on Cotton Socks? Note: If there is a rip in the socks Answer: We have to remember that we are only allowed to perform actions Note: If there is a rip in the socks If there is a hole which is equivalent to 3 small toes, then the Masah will not be permissible on them. As mentioned which are permissible and have been proved in Shariah. The basis of earlier, the juristsIf there have is taken a hole these which conditions is equivalent by lookingto 3 small at toes,the condition then the Masah of leather will notsocks. be permissibleIf any of the above our Shariah is the Quran and Sunnah and our scholars scrutinize each Masail with regards to the permissibility or impermissibility of the actions. conditions are noton them.met, Masah As mentioned will not earlier,be permissible the jurists or havevalid takenon them. these conditions by looking at the condition of leather socks. If any of the above conditions are not met, Masah will not be Sometimes we may see someone else performing an action which we permissible or valid on them. may find desirable ourselves. We have to ensure that these actions are Note: Are there other types of socks we can perfom Masah on? verified before we start to act on them. One such action is performing Masah over cotton socks. There is no Ṣaḥīḥ (Authentic) Hadith which The socks whichNote: satisfy Are these there conditions other types are normally of socks made we outcan of perfom leather Masah(Khuffayn) on? however if there is a sock states that Masah can be done over normal. The only Hadith, which says which satisfies theThe above socks whichconditions satisfy then these Masah conditions will arebe permissible normally made on out it. Nowadaysof leather (Khuffayn) there are however some socks made by it is permissible, is in Sunan Abu Dawud and has been classed as weak. companies suchif asthere SealSkinz is a sock and which DexShell, satisfies which the have above been conditions approved then by Masahthe Ulema. will be Not permissible ALL of the on socks it. made by Therefore it is not advisable to perform Masah over any sock, which does these manufacturersNowadays satisfy there the areconditions some socks therefore made we by have companies to ensure such we as only SealSkinz purchase and the DexShell, socks, which satisfy not meet the requirements stated at the beginning of the chapter. If a the conditions. whichThese have socks been are approved readily available by the Ulema. in outdoor Not ALL shops of the as socks well as made Islamic by these Shops. manufacturers If unsure, please ask the person does perform Masah over them then the Wudhu will not be valid satisfy the conditions therefore we have to ensure we only purchase the socks, which satisfy and the Salaat will be invalid. According to all 4 jurists (Imams), Masah will Ulema to verifythe if the conditions. socks meet These the socks required are readily criteria available or not. in outdoor shops as well as Islamic Shops. not be permissible on them. If a person is able to wash their feet then it is If unsure, please ask the Ulema to verify if the socks meet the required criteria or not. preferable to do this, as this is the original ruling proven from the Quran. How will Masah be done on the socks? How will Masah be done on the socks? For further explanation on this ruling our eminent scholars Mufti Taqi Uthmani and Maulana Firstly, a person must make complete Wudhu including washing their feet before they puts on the socks. When a Abdul Raheem Saab have written extensively on this subject. Links are provided below. person then needsFirstly, to renewa person their must Wudhu, make completethey will simplyWudhu wipeincluding the partwashing of the their sock, feet which before is they at the puts top of the foot starting at the toeson the and socks. working When back a person towards then the needs foreleg to justrenew above their their Wudhu, ankles. they They will simplywill use wipe the theright hand to www.albalagh.net/qa/masah_regular_socks.shtml part of the sock, which is at the top of the foot starting at the toes and working back towards wipe the right footthe foreleg and left just hand above to wipetheir ankles.the left They foot. will They use will the only right need hand to to wipewipe theeach right of themfoot and once. left www.tafseer-raheemi.com/q-is-it-permissible-to-wipe-over-thin-cottonsocks-during-wudhu/ hand to wipe the left foot. They will only need to wipe each of them once. How long will the Masah be Valid For? 32 • Islamic Academy of Coventry 14 Ṣaḥīḥ Bukhari 195 Male Hygiene • 33 For a Muqeem, a person who is not a traveller, the period of validity is 24 hours AFTER they first broke their Wudhu. Look at the following scenario: • Person does complete Wudhu at 8am and puts on Khuffayn after (Masah socks).

• The person breaks their wudhu at 10 am. • The Masah will be valid until 10 am the following day. For a traveller (a Musafir) the period will be 72 hours from the moment the Wudhu was first broken. What breaks the Masah?

11 Sahih Bukhari 195 Question: After I do Istinjaa, I keep on passing drops of urine, especially in Salaat Masail for the Workplace when I go down into Ruku or Sijdah, I can feel some slight drops of urine In this section we will deal with questions, which are common in the workplace. As more and coming out, what do I have to do? more people start to read Salaat in the offices and factories, attaining cleanliness, performing Istinjaa, performing Wudhu can all be quite challenging. Insha’Allāh the following section will Answer: There are a few reasons why this could happen. Firstly, a person could put some minds to rest. have a medical condition. If this occurs so excessively that a complete prayer time does not pass without some urine coming out, then the person Question: I went to the toilet and noticed some small specks on my underwear could be classed as a ma’dhur (excused). They will have to renew their (lesser or greater impurity) and I am not sure what they are, can I still read Wudhu before each Salaat. Even if there is discharge during Salaat, the my Salaat? Salaat will still be valid. It is recommended that they visit their local Aalim\ Aalimah so they can give them the correct advice to see if they can be Answer: Yes, as long as the combined area of the impure specs does not exceed classified as ma’dhur (excused). the size of 1 dirham, which is equivalent to about, 2.75cm in diameter a person can still read their Salaat, although it will be Makrooh Tanzihi Another reason why this could happen is that there is too much pressure (undesirable). on the bladder whilst going into this position. A person should ensure that the trousers he\she is wearing are not too tight or the belt is not tied to Question: Do I need to change my underwear or remove them if I have specks on tightly to make this happen. them before I can pray? Finally the most common occurrence of this is due to a person not relieving Answer: If it is possible to change them or remove them, then that would be ideal. themselves properly or doing istibra’ properly. This has been mentioned However, like mentioned earlier if this is not possible then a person can previously in the booklet. When a person goes to urinate they should be still read Salaat (as long as the area has not exceeded 2.75cm in diameter confident that all of the urine has now left the private part and then perform which is about the size of a 50p coin). Istinjaa. He may need to walk around a little, gently squeeze or sway the private part or perform some other action until all of the urine has Question: Can I just wash the specks by wiping over them a few times with come out. It is also recommended that if a person suffers from this type wet tissue? of condition, they leave tissue inside the underwear so even if there is discharge, the underwear will not become soiled. The tissue will simply The correct method of attaining cleanliness would be to wash the garment Answer: need to be removed and istinjaa performed. 3 times. After each washing the garment should be wrung or squeezed. It does not have to dry before you wash it again. Therefore, by just wiping Question: I led Salaat at work and later I found that there were signs of leakage on over them with a wet tissue will not be sufficient. my underwear, do I have to repeat my Salaat. Do I have to tell the others to repeat their Salaat as well? What if they follow a different Madhab, do I After I read my Salaat, I noticed that there were specks on my underwear. Question: also have to tell them? Is my Salaat counted or do I need to repeat my Salaat? Answer: Again as mentioned earlier, if you are certain that the leakage happened If you are confident that there was no discharge after making Wudhu and Answer: either before your wudhu and Salaat, or after your Salaat, then if it is dry during the Salaat then it will be valid. However, if you are fairly certain that and has not spread more then the area of 2.75cm in diameter the Salaat it occurred during Salaat or prior to that after you performed Wudhu, then will be valid and there will be no need to inform anyone to repeat their you will need to perform Istinjaa and repeat the Salaat. Salaat.

On the other hand, if you are certain that the leakage occurred during Salaat then both your Salaat and the muqtadees (people reading behind you) Salaat will be invalid.

If the muqtadees follow a different Madhab, we should still inform them out of respect. They will then be able to decide whether they need to repeat their Salaat according to their teachings.

34 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 35 Question: I only had tissue to clean myself, can I still read Salaat? Question: Can I perform Salaat in my uniform or work clothes?

Answer: If the impurity has not spread on the body more than the size of a dirham Answer: There is no harm in reading Salaat in work clothes or any uniform as long (as is often the case with urine or dry stool), then using tissue or toilet as it is clean, covers the Awrah and is modest. In addition, if one is able to paper will suffice. keep clothes more suitable for the occasion along with them like a jubba (thobe) or qameez that would be even better. If the impurity has spread more than the size of a dirham (as is often the case with non-dry stool), merely using tissue will normally not suffice. Question: Can I wear a tie and perform Salaat?

A way around this is to wet the tissue so much that water is dripping out of Answer: There is no harm in praying Salaat with a tie on if it is part of a school or it, to the extent that it could be considered “flowing” water. work uniform but it would be better to remove it or tuck it in so it does not hang. This will also be applicable to ID Cards or anything else which may Question: There are a few specs of sperm on my underwear, can I read Salaat? hang down if you go in Ruku or Sajdah.

Answer: One should change their underwear as soon as possible, however if it is Question: I have been wearing a Silk tie for a long time at work and reading Salaat. I not possible to change or remove them, or wash them, if the soiled area have just found out that I am not allowed to wear silk, do I need to repeat does not exceed 2.75 cm in diameter one can read Salaat. all my Salaat, which I read whilst wearing my tie?

Question: Do I need to wear a hat during Salaat? Answer: Wearing silk and gold for a male is Haraam, not permissible. One should take precaution and ensure they have no items of clothes or jewellery Answer: The hat is from the Sunnats of our Prophet Muḥammad . There are made from either of them. many ahaadith, which prove our Prophet Muḥammad  used to wear one. If a person has read a Salaat whilst he had a silk tie on or an item of gold, the Salaat will be classed as valid but they should ensure that any item When one reads Salaat we must remember that he is presenting himself made out of these are not worn. in the court of Allāh  and must do so with as much honour and respect as possible. The clothing required in Salaat can be divided in two, compulsory and desirable. Wearing the hat or topi will be classed as desirable - Mustahab.

The Fuqaha (jurists) have judged that if a person does not wear a hat due to laziness or non-importance then this will be classed as Makrooh Tanzihi (undesirable). We should try and fulfil as many Sunnah as we can when we read our Salaat to elevate it as much as we can. An excuse like spoiling our hairstyle is not a valid excuse. Who are we trying to please more, Allāh  or other people? Therefore the recommendation would be to wear a hat or an imaamah (turban).

36 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 37 Glossary Baaligh The term used in Islam when a person becomes ‘of age’ or mature. If a person passes away after this point they will be accountable to Allāh  i.e. they will be asked by Allāh  if and how well they fulfilled their Islamic Duties. If a person passes away before becoming baaligh they will not be held accountable and will enter Jannah (Heaven).

Fitrah Pure Nature

Ghusl The term used in Islam for taking a Bath. It usually refers to washing the body whilst fulfilling the Islamic Conditions to become in a state of ritual purity (paak)

Haraam Impermissible

Ihtilaam Wet Dream or Nocturnal Emissions

Istibra’ The process through which a person ensures that all urine has left the system

Istinjaa The process through which uncleanliness is removed/cleaned after passing urine or stool

Janaabat Ritual Impurity, being in a state where one is unable to perform certain acts of prayer until Ghusl is performed

Makrooh An act, which is considered undesirable in Islam.

Masah Describes the action of wiping ones hand over a certain part of the body or clothing.

Napaak Unclean

Paak Clean

38 • Islamic Academy of Coventry Male Hygiene • 39 An Introduction to Male Hygiene from An Islamic Perspective

(2nd Edition)

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