DOCSLIB.ORG

An Ethnobotanical Study of Wild Herb Use in Bulgaria By

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Ethnobotanical Study of Wild Herb Use in Bulgaria By AN ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF WILD HERB USE IN BULGARIA BY KERRY L. PLOETZ submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN FORESTRY MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2000 The thesis, “An Ethnobotanical Study of Wild Herb Use in Bulgaria”, is hereby approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN FORESTRY. School of Forestry and Wood Products Signatures: Thesis Advisor:_______________________________ Blair Orr Dean:_______________________________ Glenn Mroz Date:____________ ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ……………….………………………………………………. v LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………… vi ABSTRACT……………………….………………………………………………. ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION….…………………………………………….. 1 CHAPTER 2 STUDY AREA………….…………………………………………4 Geography and Mineral Resources…………………………………………4 Climate……………………………………….……………………………..6 Flora and Fauna……………………………….…………………………….6 Environmental Issues……………………………………………………….7 Demographics……………………………………………………………… 8 Agriculture…………………………………………………………………. 9 Industry………………………………………….…………………………. 9 Language……………………………………………………………………10 Education………………………………………….……………………….. 10 History……………………………………………………………………... 10 Herb Use, Personal and Commercial ……………………………………....12 CHAPTER 3 METHODS…………………………………………………..……14 Survey Design………………………………………………………………14 Survey Distribution…………………………………………………………16 Town Descriptions……………………………………………………….…16 Survey Data Compilation……………………………………………...……26 Potential Problems……………………………………………………….… 27 CHAPTER 4 GENERAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………………...…29 Short Answer………………………………………………………….…… 33 iii CHAPTER 5 THE FIFTEEN MOST COMMONLY USED HERBS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………….……37 Descriptions of the Fifteen Most Commonly Used Herbs…………….……40 CHAPTER 6 REGIONAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………….……… 47 Regional Differences of Individual Herb Use…………………………...… 49 Regional Differences for Methods of Acquiring Herbs………………….…59 Regional Differences of Uses of Herbs……………………………….…… 63 Regional Conclusions……………………………………………………… 67 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………… 73 LITERATURE CITED…………………………………………………………..… 75 APPENDIX 1 SAMPLE SURVEY…………………………………………….… 77 APPENDIX 2 DATA FOR EACH OF THE 21 SURVEY SETS…………...……82 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Bulgaria within Europe………………………………………………….…….. 5 2. Bulgaria…………………………………………………………………………5 3. Cities Surveyed and Regional Distribution………………………………..….. 19 4. Areas Where Medicinal Plants are Threatened…………………………………57 v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Age Structure of Bulgarians………………………………………………….…8 2. Town Information……………………………………………………………… 17 3. Average Herb Use and Population According to Town……………………..… 30 4. Average Percentages of How Herbs are Acquired for Each Town………….… 31 5. Average Percentages of How Herbs are Used for Each Town……………..….. 32 6. The Fifteen Most Commonly Used Herbs and the Percentages of Surveys That Indicated Use of Them…………………………………………………… 38 7. Average Percentages of Methods of Acquisition for the Fifteen Most Commonly Used Herbs………………………………………..…………..……39 8. Average Percentages of How the Fifteen Most Commonly Used Herbs are Used………………………………………………………………………….… 40 9. Average Herb Use According to Region…………………………………….… 48 10. Herbs with Significant Chi Square Values in the Pirin Mountains Region….…49 11. Herbs with Significant Chi Square Values in the Rila Mountains Region…..…50 12. Herbs with Significant Chi Square Values in the Central Part of the Northern Balkan Mountains Region………………………………………………………51 13. Herbs with significant Chi Square Values in the Plains South of the Balkan Mountains Region………………………………………………………………52 14. Herbs with Significant Chi Square Values in the Rhodope Mountains Region.. 53 15. Herbs with Significant Chi Square Values in the Western Part of the Northern Balkan Mountains Region……………………………………………………... 55 16. Significant Chi Square Values for Methods of Acquiring Herbs for the Pirin Mountains Region………………………………………………………………59 17. Significant Chi Square Values for Methods of Acquiring Herbs for the Rila Mountains Region………………………………………………………………60 18. Significant Chi Square Values for Methods of Acquiring Herbs for the Central Part of the Northern Balkan Mountains Region………………………..60 19. Significant Chi Square Values for Methods of Acquiring Herbs for the Plains South of the Balkan Mountains Region…………………………….………..…61 20. Significant Chi Square Values for Methods of Acquiring Herbs for the Rhodope Mountains Region….……………………………………...……..….. 61 21. Significant Chi Square Values for the Methods of Acquiring Herbs for the Western Part of the Northern Balkan Mountains Region……………………… 62 22. Significant Chi square Values for the Uses of Herbs for the Pirin Mountains Region……………………………………………………….………………….63 23. Significant Chi Square Values for the Uses of Herbs for the Rila Mountains Region…………………………………………………………………………..64 24. Significant Chi Square Values for the Uses of Herbs for the Central Part of the Northern Balkan Mountains Region……………………..………………… 64 25. Significant Chi Square Values for the Uses of Herbs for the Plains South of the Balkan Mountains Region………………………………..…………………65 vi 26. Significant Chi Square Values for the Uses of Herbs for the Rhodope Mountains Region………………………………………………………………66 27. Significant chi Square Values for the Uses of Herbs for the Western Part of the Northern Balkan Mountains Region………………………………..……… 66 28. Summary of Regional Data…………………………………..…………………68 vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I cannot express enough gratitude to my advisor, Blair Orr, for his unending assistance and support throughout my graduate career in the “The Loret Miller Ruppe Peace Corps Masters International Program in Forestry at Michigan Technological University”. While serving in Bulgaria, he kept me connected to the home front and provided invaluable words of wisdom. Since my return Blair has made sure I kept on track with what once seemed an insurmountable task, completing my masters. I would also like to thank the remainder of my committee; Peg Gale for giving me the opportunity to broaden my horizons by assisting her in a wetlands study and for always giving an encouraging smile and kind words; Jim Pickens for providing some friendly advice or a humorous story when I needed to hear something uplifting; and to Ron Gratz, for his valuable suggestions and for understanding and supporting the Peace Corps experience. Thank you all for your support, time, and critiques. A warm thank you to Janet Locatelli, a resourceful librarian, for finding some obscure information that I had lost hope of ever finding. Bulgaria is a beautiful country with warm people and a diverse environment. My service in Peace Corps would not have been as enjoyable or as rewarding without my friends there. I would especially like to thank Silvia, Ivanka, and Stephen Angelova, our Bulgarian family, for their constant support and generosity. I will always cherish our friendship and remember the daily acts of kindness you gave. Special thanks to Ani and Gergana for their friendship. This study would not have been possible without the Peace Corps Volunteers that administered the surveys, and the Peace Corps Bulgaria office for their assistance. Many thanks! Lastly, I would like to thank my family. All of you have contributed with your love and support. Thank you Mom, for supporting me throughout college and life, and for teaching me how important it is to enjoy whatever I choose to do. Larry and Denise, thank you for your editing skills and all of your support. Special thanks to Jeff, for loving Peace Corps and Bulgaria as much as I do, looking forward to our next adventure together, and for sharing the grueling process of writing a thesis with me. viii ABSTRACT Bulgaria is a country rich in history, culture and traditions which include the use of herbs. Herbs are commonly used throughout Bulgaria for medicinal purposes, in the preparation of food, and as decoration. Bulgaria is a country in political, economic, and cultural transition. Many privatized herb companies opened after the fall of communism; a high unemployment rate led to a larger available work force for collecting. Bulgaria is currently the largest exporter of herbs in Europe. Herbs play an integral part in the Bulgarian household. I decided to design an ethnobotanical study to learn which herbs are used, how they are used, and the methods used to acquire them. I also wanted to learn if the local people believe herbs are threatened, and if they do, what are those threats? To accomplish these goals, I designed a multiple choice format survey, listing 128 herbs and short answer questions, that would be administered by other Peace Corps Volunteers. In this way a wide range of towns throughout Bulgaria could be surveyed. Nineteen towns were surveyed. The responses indicate that herbs are primarily used medicinally and in the preparation of food. The people surveyed indicated that herbs play an important role in their families and that Bulgarians are knowledgeable on various uses of herbs, traditional and modern. The responses also indicated that Bulgarians are concerned about the abundance of herbs because of problems associated with herb companies, improper gathering techniques, pollution, and deforestation. Results from the nineteen towns surveyed show that fifteen herbs are commonly used in Bulgaria. These herbs are primarily popular medicinal species or are commonly ix used in traditional Bulgarian cuisine. These herbs usually have a widespread natural range or can be easily cultivated and are readily available
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ON ATTRACTION of SLIME MOULD PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM to PLANTS with SEDATIVE PROPERTIES 1. Introduction Physarum Polycephalum Belo
    ON ATTRACTION OF SLIME MOULD PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM TO PLANTS WITH SEDATIVE PROPERTIES ANDREW ADAMATZKY Abstract. A plasmodium of acellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a large single cell with many nuclei. Presented to a configuration of attracting and repelling stimuli a plasmodium optimizes its growth pattern and spans the attractants, while avoiding repellents, with efficient network of protoplasmic tubes. Such behaviour is interpreted as computation and the plasmodium as an amorphous growing biologi- cal computer. Till recently laboratory prototypes of slime mould computing devices (Physarum machines) employed rolled oats and oat powder to represent input data. We explore alternative sources of chemo-attractants, which do not require a sophis- ticated laboratory synthesis. We show that plasmodium of P. polycephalum prefers sedative herbal tablets and dried plants to oat flakes and honey. In laboratory experi- ments we develop a hierarchy of slime-moulds chemo-tactic preferences. We show that Valerian root (Valeriana officinalis) is strongest chemo-attractant of P. polycephalum outperforming not only most common plants with sedative activities but also some herbal tablets. Keywords: Physarum polycephalum, slime mould, valerian, passion flower, hops, ver- vain, gentian, wild lettuce, chemo-attraction 1. Introduction Physarum polycephalum belongs to the species of order Physarales, subclass Myxo- gastromycetidae, class Myxomycetes, division Myxostelida. It is commonly known as a true, acellular or multi-headed slime mould. Plasmodium is a `vegetative' phase, single cell with a myriad of diploid nuclei. The plasmodium looks like an amorphous yellowish mass with networks of protoplasmic tubes. The plasmodium behaves and moves as a giant amoeba. It feeds on bacteria, spores and other microbial creatures and micro- particles (Stephenson & Stempen, 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcoding of the Leaf-Mining Moth Subgenus Ectoedemia S. Str
    Contributions to Zoology, 81 (1) 1-24 (2012) DNA barcoding of the leaf-mining moth subgenus Ectoedemia s. str. (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) with COI and EF1-α: two are better than one in recognising cryptic species Erik J. van Nieukerken1, 2, Camiel Doorenweerd1, Frank R. Stokvis1, Dick S.J. Groenenberg1 1 Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 2 E-mail: [email protected] Key words: pairwise difference, Palearctic Abstract Species recognition ..................................................................... 7 The Ectoedemia angulifasciella group ................................... 7 We sequenced 665bp of the Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI) The Ectoedemia suberis group .............................................. 10 barcoding marker for 257 specimens and 482bp of Elongation The Ectoedemia populella group .......................................... 10 Factor 1-α (EF1-α) for 237 specimens belonging to the leaf- The Ectoedemia subbimaculella group ................................ 11 mining subgenus Ectoedemia (Ectoedemia) in the basal Lepi- Discussion ........................................................................................ 13 dopteran family Nepticulidae. The dataset includes 45 out of 48 One or two genes ...................................................................... 13 West Palearctic Ectoedemia s. str. species and several species Barcoding gap ........................................................................... 15 from Africa, North America and Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplemental Information Table
    Supplemental Information Table S1. N Vernacular Scientific Family Used plant Origin Voucher name name organ number 1 COMMON Fumaria officinalis L. Papaveraceae flowered top Macedonia BIOF26733T FUMITORY 2 OLIVE Olea europaea L. Oleacee leaves Italy BIOF42911T 3 BLACKCURRANT Ribes nigrum L. Grossulariacee leaves Italy BIOF52511T 4 SAGE Salvia officinalis L. Lamiaceae leaves Italy BIOF56111T 5 ELDERBERRY Sambucus nigra L. Adoxaceae flowers Bulgaria BIOF56322I 6 BOLDO Peumus boldus Molina Monimiaceae leaves Chile BIOU08511T 7 CARDUS Silybum marianum Asteraceae fruits Austria BIOU12155I MARIANUS Gaert. 8 COMMON Cichorium intybus L. Asteraceae root Italy BIOU15344C CHICORY 9 ROSELLE Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Malvaceae flowers Egypt BIOU31922T 10 COMMON Malva sylvestris L. Malvaceae leaves Italy BIOU37311T MALLOW 11 MACA Lepidium meyenii L. Brassicaceae powder root Peru BIOZ37044P 12 ASIAN GINSENG Panax ginseng Meyer Araliaceae root China PC29144T 13 GARDEN Angelica archangelica Apiaceae root China PFU03844C ANGELICA L. 14 BITTER ORANGE Citrus aurantium L. Rutaceae flowers Iran PFU04922I var. dulcis L. 15 BITTER ORANGE Citrus aurantium L. Rutaceae zests Albania PFU04967T var. dulcis L. 16 CHAMOMILE Chamomilla recutita Asteraceae o flowers Italy PFU10522I Rausch. Compositae 17 CHINESE Coriandrum sativum Apiaceae fruits Italy PFU17955I PARSLEY L. 18 WILLOWHERBS Epilobium Onagraceae summit Serbia PFU21933T angustifolium L. 19 HYSSOP Hyssopus officinalis L. Lamiaceae flowers and Italy PFU31322I leaves 20 LAVENDER Lavandula Lamiaceae flowers France PFU32722I angustifolia Miller 21 COMMON POPPY Papaver rhoeas L. Papaveraceae petals Albania PFU44708T 22 BROADLEAF Plantago major L. Plantaginaceae leaves Poland PFU46711T PLANTAIN 23 CHINESE Rheum officinale Polygonaceae rhizomes China PFU51799C RHUBARB Baill. 24 DOG ROSE Rosa canina L. Rosaceae cinorrodes/ Hungary PFU53310I seeds 25 RUSTYBACK Ceterach officinarum Aspleniaceae aerial parts Italy PFU59533T DC.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulgaria Revealed.Pages
    Licensed under Velvet Tours 1 Spiridon Matei St. 032087 Bucharest, Romania Tour operator license #6617 Bulgaria revealed (10 nights) Tour Description: "Bulgaria Revealed" allows you to experience an extensive array of carefully-chosen Bulgarian cultural landmarks via a comprehensive, yet relaxed itinerary. Begin in Sofia, where you’ll stroll along the famed yellow brick road to view the capital’s major sights. Continue on to Boyana Church and the spectacular Rila Monastery before traveling to Melnik, surrounded by unusual sand formations and situated right in the heart of Bulgarian wine country. Next, tour Rozhen Monastery before stopping off in the exquisite town of Kovacevica. Take in the breathtaking natural scenery at Dospat Lake and Trigrad Gorge, then explore the mysterious Yagodinska Cave. In Batak, visit a key site in the 1876 April Uprising; in the village of Kostandovo, tour the workshop of a master traditional carpet-maker. Experience an evening walking tour in Plovdiv, then admire the abundance of traditional architecture in Koprivshtitsa. At Starosel, investigate the largest Thracian burial complex in Bulgaria. Visit the Thracian Tomb at Kazanlak, drive through the stunning Shipka Pass, and tour the incredible outdoor cultural museum at Etara. Witness the woodcarving tradition at Tryavna, shop for crafts in Veliko Tarnovo, and stroll through the architectural gem of Arbanassi. View the Madara Horseman as well as the exquisite sites at Ivanovo and Sveshtari. See the world’s oldest gold treasure at Varna, with the option to tour Balchik Palace and the Aladzha Cave Monastery—or simply spend the afternoon on the beach. Finally, enjoy a splendid day on the magnificent peninsula of Nessebar before returning to Sofia and your flight home.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ECOLOGICAL FEATURES of FLOWERS and INFLORESCENCES of TWO SPECIES of the GENUS Petasites Miller (ASTERACEAE)
    ACTA AGROBOTANICA Vol. 65 (2): 37–46 2012 THE ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF FLOWERS AND INFLORESCENCES OF TWO SPECIES OF THE GENUS Petasites Miller (ASTERACEAE) Weronika Haratym, Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska Department of Botany, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland e-mail: [email protected] Received: 06.02.2012 Abstract The above-mentioned species are included The structural features of flowers and inflorescences of in bee plants (Bornus, 1989; Lipiń ski, 2010). Petasites hybridus and P. albus were compared. Only individu- Due to their flowering period (III-V), they can provide als producing flower heads with male flowers and few female a source of early spring pollen and nectar to insects flowers were found in the studied populations. Light microsco- which visit their flowers in large numbers under fa- py (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used vourable conditions. Many papers show that plant for examination. material obtained from their leaves and underground The present study shows that the stems of the above- parts (rhizomes, roots) has been used in herbalism -mentioned species differed in height and number of flower he- and medicine since ancient times (Podhajska and ads, but the number of flowers per head was similar. Larger flo- Rivola, 1992; Schaffner, 1996; Siegenha- wers were found on the stems of P. albus. The following features ler and Neuenschwander, 1996; Wildi et al. has been found to play an important role in pollination ecology: the strongly contrasting colours of the floral parts; on the petals, 1998). However, Smith and Culvenor (1981) the occurrence of several types of cells which can increase the as well as Sadowska (2004) note that P.
    [Show full text]
  • 7563/11 HGN/Tt 1 DG H 2B COUNCIL of the EUROPEAN
    COUNCIL OF Brussels, 10 March 2011 THE EUROPEAN UNION 7563/11 COPEN 44 EJN 20 EUROJUST 29 NOTE from: Bulgarian Permanent Representation to Delegations Subject: Council Framework Decision 2006/783/JHA of 6 October 2006 on the application of the principle of mutual recognition to confiscation orders – the Republic of Bulgaria Delegations will find enclosed the notification made by Bulgaria in relation to the abovementioned framework decision. _______________ 7563/11 HGN/tt 1 DG H 2B EN DECLARATIONS AND NOTIFICATIONS BY THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 3, ARTICLE 7(5) AND ARTICLE 19 OF COUNCIL FRAMEWORK DECISION 2006/783/JHA OF 6 OCTOBER 2006 ON THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION TO CONFISCATION ORDERS The Republic of Bulgaria hereby notifies the General Secretariat of the Council of the following declarations and notifications pursuant to Council Framework Decision 2006/783/JHA of 6 October 2006 on the application of the principle of mutual recognition to confiscation orders and the Law on the recognition, execution and transmission of decisions on confiscation or seizure and decisions on the enforcement of financial penalties adopted by the National Assembly of the Republic of Bulgaria on 11 February 2010 (published in the State Journal of the Republic of Bulgaria No 15 of 23 February 2010), which transposes the abovementioned Framework Decision into the law of the Republic of Bulgaria. 1) Notification pursuant to Article 3 of Framework Decision 2006/783/JHA (determination of the competent authorities): (а) When the Republic of Bulgaria is the executing State: The competent authorities with regard to the recognition of confiscation or seizure orders shall be the provincial courts and Sofia City Court.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex REPORT for 2019 UNDER the “HEALTH CARE” PRIORITY of the NATIONAL ROMA INTEGRATION STRATEGY of the REPUBLIC of BULGAR
    Annex REPORT FOR 2019 UNDER THE “HEALTH CARE” PRIORITY of the NATIONAL ROMA INTEGRATION STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA 2012 - 2020 Operational objective: A national monitoring progress report has been prepared for implementation of Measure 1.1.2. “Performing obstetric and gynaecological examinations with mobile offices in settlements with compact Roma population”. During the period 01.07—20.11.2019, a total of 2,261 prophylactic medical examinations were carried out with the four mobile gynaecological offices to uninsured persons of Roma origin and to persons with difficult access to medical facilities, as 951 women were diagnosed with diseases. The implementation of the activity for each Regional Health Inspectorate is in accordance with an order of the Minister of Health to carry out not less than 500 examinations with each mobile gynaecological office. Financial resources of BGN 12,500 were allocated for each mobile unit, totalling BGN 50,000 for the four units. During the reporting period, the mobile gynecological offices were divided into four areas: Varna (the city of Varna, the village of Kamenar, the town of Ignatievo, the village of Staro Oryahovo, the village of Sindel, the village of Dubravino, the town of Provadia, the town of Devnya, the town of Suvorovo, the village of Chernevo, the town of Valchi Dol); Silistra (Tutrakan Municipality– the town of Tutrakan, the village of Tsar Samuel, the village of Nova Cherna, the village of Staro Selo, the village of Belitsa, the village of Preslavtsi, the village of Tarnovtsi,
    [Show full text]
  • Veronica Plants—Drifting from Farm to Traditional Healing, Food Application, and Phytopharmacology
    molecules Review Veronica Plants—Drifting from Farm to Traditional Healing, Food Application, and Phytopharmacology Bahare Salehi 1 , Mangalpady Shivaprasad Shetty 2, Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar 3 , Jelena Živkovi´c 4, Daniela Calina 5 , Anca Oana Docea 6, Simin Emamzadeh-Yazdi 7, Ceyda Sibel Kılıç 8, Tamar Goloshvili 9, Silvana Nicola 10 , Giuseppe Pignata 10, Farukh Sharopov 11,* , María del Mar Contreras 12,* , William C. Cho 13,* , Natália Martins 14,15,* and Javad Sharifi-Rad 16,* 1 Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran 2 Department of Chemistry, NMAM Institute of Technology, Karkala 574110, India 3 Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India 4 Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Panˇci´c”,Tadeuša Koš´cuška1, Belgrade 11000, Serbia 5 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania 6 Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania 7 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Gauteng 0002, South Africa 8 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey 9 Department of Plant Physiology and Genetic Resources, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia 10 Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy 11 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan 12 Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain 13 Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China 14 Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • County Wildlife Site Species Form
    1 Handout 7 – County Wildlife Site Species Form SECTION 2 PLANT LIST for County Wildlife Site Only include one record per species See handout 9 for information on DAFOR Steve: 3/5, 10/5, 17/5, 31/5, 7/6, 9\6, 14/6, 21/6, 5/7, 12/7, 19/7, 26/7, 2/8, 4/8, 9/8,16/8 Name of site: Dates of surveys: Mary, Sara, Samantha: 29/5, 10/6, 27/6,31/7,22/9 Litcham Common………………………………………………… County Wildlife Site No: 2052 Name of surveyor/s: Mary Flook, Sarah Butler, Samantha Hewkin, Steve Short Common name Scientific name DAFOR Comments / Please tick relevant box GPS or Grid Reference location D A F O R creeping buttercup Ranuculus repens X germander speedwell Veronica chamadrys X white clover Trifolium repens X common ragwort Senecio jacobaea X hoary ragwort Senecio erucifolius X apple mint Mentha x villosa X creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans red campion Silene dioica X white dead nettle Lamium album X bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. X common vetch Vicia sativa X cow parsley Anthricus sylestris X 2 Handout 7 – County Wildlife Site Species Form common mouse ear Cerastium fontanum X hedgerow cranesbill Geranium pyrenaicum stinging nettle Urtica dioca X broad leaf dock Rumex obtusifolius X lesser burdock Arctium lappa X scented mayweed Matricaria chamomilla X mayweed scentless Tripleurospermum inodorum X dandelion (sp) Taraxacum agg. X hedge woundwort Stachys sylvatica X wood avens Geum urbanum X herb robert Geranium robertianum X broad buckler fern Dryopteris dilata X rosebay willow herb Chamerion angustifolium X ivy-leaved speedwell Veronica filiformis
    [Show full text]
  • Zornitsa Markova the KTB STATE
    Zornitsa Markova THE KTB STATE Sofia, 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or express written consent from Iztok-Zapad Publishing House. transmitted in any form or by any means without first obtaining © Zornitsa Markova, 2017 © Iztok-Zapad Publishing House, 2017 ISBN 978-619-01-0094-2 zornitsa markova THE KTB STATE CHRONICLE OF THE LARGEST BANK FAILURE IN BULGARIA — THE WORKINGS OF A CAPTURED STATE THAT SOLD OUT THE PUBLIC INTEREST FOR PRIVATE EXPEDIENCY CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS / 12 EDITOR’S FOREWORD / 13 SUMMARY / 15 READER’S GUIDE TO THE INVESTIGATION / 21 1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND / 23 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE BULGARIAN BANKING SECTOR THAT PRE-DATE KTB ..........................................................25 Headed for a Banking Crisis .................................................................................................. 26 Scores of Banks Close Their Doors................................................................................... 29 First Private Bank — Backed by the Powerful, Favoured by the Government ......................................................... 33 Criminal Syndicates and Their Banks — the Birth of a State within the State ...........................................................................35 A Post-Crisis Change of Players ..........................................................................................37 A FRESH START FOR THE FLEDGLING KTB ..................................................... 40 KTB SALE ..........................................................................................................................................42
    [Show full text]
  • Mathematics Without Borders - Winter 2020 Group 2
    MATHEMATICS WITHOUT BORDERS - WINTER 2020 GROUP 2 Age № Full name of the participant Country City Award group 1 Abanilla, Alaina Cassandra P. Philippines Lobo, Batangas 2 Certificate 2 Abayev Aidyn Kazakhstan Nur-Sultan 2 Silver 3 Abdildaev Alzhan Kazakhstan Almaty 2 Certificate 4 Abduazimova Jasmina Uzbekistan Tashkent 2 Silver 5 Abdul, Al Khaylar A. Philippines Cagayan De Oro City 2 Certificate 6 Abdullah Dayan Kyrgyzstan Bishkek 2 Bronze 7 Abdumazhidov Nodirbek Uzbekistan Namangan 2 Certificate 8 Abdurahmonov Abdurahim Boxodirjon O'G'Li Uzbekistan Ferghana 2 Gold 9 Abdurahmonova Madina Uzbekistan Tashkent 2 Certificate 10 Abdurrahmanli Zahra Azerbaijan Baku 2 Silver 11 Abdusattorov Abdullox Uzbekistan Tashkent 2 Certificate 12 Abduvahobov Abduvahob Uzbekistan Tashkent 2 Silver 13 Abduvohidov Abduvohid Uzbekistan Andijon 2 Certificate 14 Abellana, Maxine Anela O. Philippines Mandaue 2 Certificate 15 Abildin Ali Kazakhstan Nur-Sultan 2 Certificate 16 Abirkhan Adina Kazakhstan Almaty 2 Gold 17 Abrorova Aziza Uzbekistan Tashkent 2 Certificate 18 Ada Aydınok Turkey Izmir 2 Certificate 19 Ada Remziev Fevziev Bulgaria Razgrad 2 Certificate 20 Adaliya Kalinova Stoilova Bulgaria Plovdiv 2 Bronze 21 Adam Ivanov Goryalov Bulgaria Markovo 2 Certificate 22 Adam Mohamed Sabri Mohamed Mahmud Bulgaria Smolyan 2 Certificate 23 Adeli Nikolova Boyadzhieva Bulgaria Plovdiv 2 Certificate 24 Adelina Encheva Stoianova Bulgaria Sofia 2 Certificate 25 Adelina Stanimirova Docheva Bulgaria Sofia 2 Certificate 26 Adenrele Abdul Jabaar Nigeria Lagos 2 Certificate
    [Show full text]