La Situacion De La Violencia Relacionada Con Drogas-INT.Indd
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La Situación De La Violencia Relacionada Con Las Drogas En México Del 2006 Al 2017 : ¿Es Un Conflicto Armado No Internacional
La situación de la violencia relacionada con las drogas en México del 2006 al 2017 : Titulo ¿es un conflicto armado no internacional? Arriaga Valenzuela, Luis - Prologuista; Guevara Bermúdez, José Antonio - Otra; Autor(es) Campo Esteta, Laura Martín del - Traductor/a; Universiteit Leiden, Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies - Autor/a; Guadalajara Lugar ITESO Editorial/Editor Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos 2019 Fecha Colección Tráfico de drogas; Drogas; Violencia; Carteles; México; Temas Libro Tipo de documento "http://biblioteca.clacso.org/Mexico/cip-iteso/20200713020717/03.pdf" URL Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Derivadas CC BY-NC-ND Licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.es Segui buscando en la Red de Bibliotecas Virtuales de CLACSO http://biblioteca.clacso.org Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais (CLACSO) Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) www.clacso.org La situación de la violencia relacionada con las drogas en México del 2006 al 2017: ¿es un conflicto armado no Internacional? La situación de la violencia relacionada con las drogas en México del 2006 al 2017: ¿es un conflicto armado no Internacional? COMISIÓN MEXIcaNA DE DEFENSA Y PROMOCIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS, A.C. CONSEJO DIRECTIVO COORDINacIÓN DE INCIDENCIA Ximena Andión Ibáñez Olga Guzmán Vergara Presidenta Coordinadora Alejandro Anaya Muñoz Jürgen Moritz Beatriz Solís Leere María Corina Muskus Toro Jacobo Dayán José Luis Caballero -
Cartel Bombings in Mexico Robert J
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CGU Faculty Publications and Research CGU Faculty Scholarship 8-16-2013 Cartel Bombings in Mexico Robert J. Bunker Claremont Graduate University John P. Sullivan Recommended Citation Bunker, Robert J., and John P. Sullivan. "Cartel Car Bombings in Mexico." The Letort Papers (2013): Strategic Studies Institute. Strategic Studies Institute, 16 Aug. 2013. Web. 18 Aug. 2013. This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the CGU Faculty Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in CGU Faculty Publications and Research by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. The Letort Papers In the early 18th century, James Letort, an explorer and fur trader, was instrumental in opening up the Cumberland Valley to settlement. By 1752, there was a garrison on Letort Creek at what is today Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. In those days, Carlisle Barracks lay at the western edge of the American colonies. It was a bastion for the protection of settlers and a departure point for further exploration. Today, as was the case over 2 centuries ago, Carlisle Barracks, as the home of the U.S. Army War College, is a place of transition and transformation. In the same spirit of bold curiosity that compelled the men and women who, like Letort, settled the American west, the Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) and U.S. Army War College (USAWC) Press presents The Letort Papers. -
Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests
Home Country of Origin Information Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests (RIR) are research reports on country conditions. They are requested by IRB decision makers. The database contains a seven-year archive of English and French RIR. Earlier RIR may be found on the European Country of Origin Information Network website. Please note that some RIR have attachments which are not electronically accessible here. To obtain a copy of an attachment, please e-mail us. Related Links • Advanced search help 15 August 2019 MEX106302.E Mexico: Drug cartels, including Los Zetas, the Gulf Cartel (Cartel del Golfo), La Familia Michoacana, and the Beltrán Leyva Organization (BLO); activities and areas of operation; ability to track individuals within Mexico (2017-August 2019) Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada 1. Overview InSight Crime, a foundation that studies organized crime in Latin America and the Caribbean (Insight Crime n.d.), indicates that Mexico’s larger drug cartels have become fragmented or "splintered" and have been replaced by "smaller, more volatile criminal groups that have taken up other violent activities" (InSight Crime 16 Jan. 2019). According to sources, Mexican law enforcement efforts to remove the leadership of criminal organizations has led to the emergence of new "smaller and often more violent" (BBC 27 Mar. 2018) criminal groups (Justice in Mexico 19 Mar. 2018, 25; BBC 27 Mar. 2018) or "fractur[ing]" and "significant instability" among the organizations (US 3 July 2018, 2). InSight Crime explains that these groups do not have "clear power structures," that alliances can change "quickly," and that they are difficult to track (InSight Crime 16 Jan. -
In the Shadow of Saint Death
In the Shadow of Saint Death The Gulf Cartel and the Price of America’s Drug War in Mexico Michael Deibert An imprint of Rowman & Littlefield Distributed by NATIONAL BOOK NETWORK Copyright © 2014 by Michael Deibert First Lyons Paperback Edition, 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available The Library of Congress has previously catalogued an earlier (hardcover) edition as follows: Deibert, Michael. In the shadow of Saint Death : the Gulf Cartel and the price of America’s drug war in Mexico / Michael Deibert. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7627-9125-5 (hardback) 1. Drug traffic—Mexican-American Border Region. 2. Drug dealers—Mexican-American Border Region. 3. Cartels—Mexican-American Border Region. 4. Drug control—Mexican- American Border Region. 5. Drug control—United States. 6. Drug traffic—Social aspects— Mexican-American Border Region. 7. Violence—Mexican-American Border Region. 8. Interviews—Mexican-American Border Region. 9. Mexican-American Border Region—Social conditions. I. Title. HV5831.M46D45 2014 363.450972—dc23 2014011008 ISBN 978-1-4930-0971-8 (pbk.) ISBN 978-1-4930-1065-3 (e-book) The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence -
Sinaloa: fin De La Hegemonía Y Epicentro De La Guerra Que Comienza Carlos Rodríguez Ulloa1
Sinaloa: fin de la hegemonía y epicentro de la guerra que comienza Carlos Rodríguez Ulloa1 — ¿Existe algún código dentro del cártel de Sinaloa, reglas sobre lo que se puede hacer y lo que no? —No se mata a inocentes. El negocio sólo es tráfco. No existen extorsiones, ni secuestros. En la empresa nuestro dicho es “Hay que ayudar al inocente y mancharnos con el corriente. Nosotros sí nos sabemos respetar”. 169 Dámaso Lez Serrano (a) “El Mini Lic”.2 Introduccin El estado de Sinaloa fue una de las áreas estratégicas en el tráfco de drogas en México durante el siglo y por ello zona importante para la operación de la delincuencia organizada; en es- pecífco, es la sede del mal llamado “cártel de Sinaloa” o “del Pacífco”, uno de los grupos dominantes de la delincuencia organizada, además de tener presencia del grupo de los hermanos Beltrán Leyva. Por ello, los acontecimientos en esta región tienen importantes repercusiones en los mercados ilegales de narcóticos y en los niveles de violencia que les están asociados. Sinaloa es una entidad clave para los mercados controlados por la delincuencia organizada debido a razones geográfcas, ya que la sierra madre occidental cruza el estado de norte a sur y es parte importante del Triángulo Dorado, región montañosa que comprende los estados de Sinaloa, Durango y Chihuahua. Se trata de una de las áreas del país con mayor producción de marihuana y amapola; cuenta con los puertos estratégicos de Mazatlán y Topolobampo -que representan el acceso al comercio en el Océano Pacífco- y con las ciudades de Culiacán y Los Mochis, enclave terrestre en la ruta de paso de mercancías hacia el norte. -
Policy Brief
Policy Brief April 26, 2013 Freedom of Expression on the Agenda in Mexico By Mariclaire Acosta, Mexico project director and Viviana Giacaman, director of Latin America programs. Journalists Under Siege President Barack Obama’s planned trip to Mexico, the first to Latin America during his second term, demonstrates the importance the U.S. administration places on bilateral relations with its neighbor to the south. While the Obama administration has filled the agenda with security topics, such as the Mérida Initiative, it also intends to broaden the spectrum of dialogue to include much more positive and forward- looking topics including trade and energy relations. President Obama is right to propose a broad agenda of mutual interest. The security situation in Mexico, which the United States has attempted to address with approximately $2 billion in assistance, has brought about consequences that President Obama simply cannot ignore, such as the shocking number of victims—nearly 60,000 people—as a result of the war against drug cartels. Freedom of expression and the practice of journalism have been held hostage by the spiral of violence, which threatens to undermine the very foundations of Mexico’s democracy. Given the serious repercussions on democratic governance and stability, President Obama should give the protection of journalists a prominent place on the bilateral agenda. Attacks against journalists and media outlets in Mexico have increased since 2000 in proportion to the violence in the streets, turning the country into one of the most dangerous places in the world to practice journalism. While the statistics are not exact, given the difficulty of accessing information and the silence of the victims and relatives who distrust the authorities, official figures provided by the National Human Rights Commission [Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos] (CNDH), have documented 82 murders of journalists, 18 disappearances, and 33 attacks on media outlets in the last twelve years. -
Mexican Drug Wars Update: Targeting the Most Violent Cartels
MEXICAN DRUG WARS UPDATE: Targeting the Most Violent Cartels July 21, 201 1 This analysis may not be forwarded or republished without express permission from STRATFOR. For permission, please submit a request to [email protected]. 1 STRATFOR 700 Lavaca Street, Suite 900 Austin, TX 78701 Tel: 1-512-744-4300 www.stratfor.com Mexican Drug Wars Update: Targeting the Most Violent Cartels Editor’s Note: Since the publication of STRATFOR’s 2010 annual Mexican cartel report, the fluid nature of the drug war in Mexico has prompted us to take an in-depth look at the situation more frequently. This is the second product of those interim assessments, which we will now make as needed, in addition to our annual year-end analyses and our weekly security memos. As we suggested in our first quarterly cartel update in April, most of the drug cartels in Mexico have gravitated toward two poles, one centered on the Sinaloa Federation and the other on Los Zetas. Since that assessment, there have not been any significant reversals overall; none of the identified cartels has faded from the scene or lost substantial amounts of territory. That said, the second quarter has been active in terms of inter-cartel and military-on-cartel clashes, particularly in three areas of Mexico: Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas and Veracruz states; southern Coahuila, through Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi and Aguascalientes states; and the Pacific coast states of Nayarit, Jalisco, Michoacan and Guerrero. There are three basic dimensions of violence in Mexico: cartel vs. cartel, cartel vs. government and cartel vs. -
Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México T E S I S
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIALES APROXIMACIÓN AL ESTUDIO DEL PODER INFORMAL DE LOS LÍDERES DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN CRIMINAL DEL GOLFO Y SU AFECTACIÓN HACIA LA POBLACIÓN CIVIL A TRAVÉS DE SU INTROMISIÓN EN LAS INSTITUCIONES DE SEGURIDAD PÚBLICA EN REYNOSA, TAMAULIPAS 2008-2012 T E S I S PROFESIONAL PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE: LICENCIADO EN CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA OPCIÓN CIENCIA POLÍTICA PRESENTA: ALEJANDRA SALAZAR SÁNCHEZ DIRECTOR DE TESIS: DR.. JAVIER ROSAS SÁNCHEZ CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA 2012 UNAM – Dirección General de Bibliotecas Tesis Digitales Restricciones de uso DERECHOS RESERVADOS © PROHIBIDA SU REPRODUCCIÓN TOTAL O PARCIAL Todo el material contenido en esta tesis esta protegido por la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (LFDA) de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (México). El uso de imágenes, fragmentos de videos, y demás material que sea objeto de protección de los derechos de autor, será exclusivamente para fines educativos e informativos y deberá citar la fuente donde la obtuvo mencionando el autor o autores. Cualquier uso distinto como el lucro, reproducción, edición o modificación, será perseguido y sancionado por el respectivo titular de los Derechos de Autor. D E D I C A D O A: Dios, por darme la oportunidad de vivir y por estar conmigo en cada paso que doy, por ser mi principal guía en este camino que empiezo a recorrer, por fortalecer mi corazón e iluminar mi mente y por haber puesto en mi camino a todas aquellas personas que me han enseñado tanto. Mi madre Narcisa Sánchez Silva, por darme la vida, quererme mucho, creer en mi y porque siempre me has apoyado y sé que lo seguirás haciendo. -
Spain's Texas Patriots ~ Its 1779-1,783 War with England During the American Revolution
P SPAIN'S TEXAS PATRIOTS ~ ITS 1779-1,783 WAR WITH ENGLAND DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION PART 5 OF SPANISH BORDERLANDS STUDIES by Granville W. and N. C. Hough P ! i ! © Copyright 2000 1 by Granville W. and N. C. Hough 3438 Bahia Blanea West, Apt B Lagtma Hills, CA 92653-2830 Email: [email protected] Other books in this series include: Spain's California Patriots in its 1779-1783 War with England - During the American Revolution, Part 1, 1998. Spain's California Patriots in its 1779-1783 War with England - During the American Revolution, Part 2, 1999. Spain's Arizona Patriots in its 1779-1783 War with England - During the Amencan Revolution, Third Study of the Spanish Borderlands, 1999. Spain's New Mexico Patriots in its 1779-1783 War with England - During the.American Revolution, Fourth Study of the Spanish Borderlands, 1999. Published by: SHHAR PRESS Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research , P.O. Box 490 Midway City, CA 92655°0490 (714) 894-8161 Email: SHHARP~s~aol.com ;.'."/!';h',-:/.t!j.:'."-i ;., : [::.'4"!".': PREFACE o In 1996, the authors became aware that neither the NSDAR (National Society for the Daughters of the American Revolution) nor the NSSAR (National Society for the Sons of the American Revolution) would accept descendants of Spanish citi~e,qs of California who had contributed funds to defray expenses of the 1779-1783 war with England. As the patriots being turned down as suitable ancestors were also soldiers, the obvious question became: "Why base your membership application on a monetary contribution when the ancestor soldier had put.his life at stake?" This led to a study of how the Spani~a Army and Navy ~ad worked during the war to defeat the :~'. -
From Drug Wars to Criminal Insurgency: Mexican Cartels, Criminal Enclaves and Criminal Insurgency in Mexico and Central America
From Drug Wars to Criminal Insurgency: Mexican Cartels, Criminal Enclaves and Criminal Insurgency in Mexico and Central America. Implications for Global Security John P. Sullivan To cite this version: John P. Sullivan. From Drug Wars to Criminal Insurgency: Mexican Cartels, Criminal Enclaves and Criminal Insurgency in Mexico and Central America. Implications for Global Security. 2011. halshs-00694083 HAL Id: halshs-00694083 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00694083 Preprint submitted on 3 May 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. From Drug Wars to Criminal Insurgency: Mexican Cartels, Criminal Enclaves and Criminal Insurgency in Mexico and Central America. Implications for Global Security John P. Sullivan N°9 | april 2012 Transnational organized crime is a pressing global security issue. Mexico is currently embroiled in a pro- tracted drug war. Mexican drug cartels and allied gangs (actually poly-crime organizations) are currently chal- lenging states and sub-state polities (in Mexico, Gua- temala, El Salvador and beyond) to capitalize on lucra- tive illicit global economic markets. As a consequence of the exploitation of these global economic flows, the cartels are waging war on each other and state institu- tions to gain control of the illicit economy. -
Drug Violence in Mexico
Drug Violence in Mexico Data and Analysis Through 2013 SPECIAL REPORT By Kimberly Heinle, Octavio Rodríguez Ferreira , and David A. Shirk Justice in Mexico Project Department of Political Science & International Relations University of San Diego APRIL 2014 About Justice in Mexico: Started in 2001, Justice in Mexico (www.justiceinmexico.org) is a program dedicated to promoting analysis, informed public discourse and policy decisions; and government, academic, and civic cooperation to improve public security, rule of law, and human rights in Mexico. Justice in Mexico advances its mission through cutting-edge, policy-focused research; public education and outreach; and direct engagement with policy makers, experts, and stakeholders. The program is presently based at the Department of Political Science and International Relations at the University of San Diego (USD), and involves university faculty, students, and volunteers from the United States and Mexico. From 2005-2013, the project was based at the USD Trans-Border Institute at the Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies, and from 2001-2005 it was based at the Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies at the University of California- San Diego. About the Report: This is one of a series of special reports that have been published on a semi-annual by Justice in Mexico since 2010, each of which examines issues related to crime and violence, judicial sector reform, and human rights in Mexico. The Drug Violence in Mexico report series examines patterns of crime and violence attributable to organized crime, and particularly drug trafficking organizations in Mexico. This report was authored by Kimberly Heinle, Octavio Rodríguez Ferreira, and David A. -
The Use of Social Media by Alleged Members of Mexican Cartels and Affiliated Drug Trafficking Organizations
J Homel Secur Emerg Mgmt 2016; 13(3): 395–418 Justin Nix, Michael R. Smith*, Matthew Petrocelli, Jeff Rojek and Victor M. Manjarrez The Use of Social Media by Alleged Members of Mexican Cartels and Affiliated Drug Trafficking Organizations DOI 10.1515/jhsem-2015-0084 Abstract: Focusing on Mexican cartels and affiliated drug trafficking organiza- tions, this article examines how self-proclaimed cartel members use social media to further the criminal activities of their organizations. Employing an open- source, intelligence-driven methodology, the authors identified, followed, and mapped the connections between and among 75 alleged cartel members over a period of 4 months. Results indicated that cartel members actively use Facebook to plan, organize, and communicate in real-time. These findings provide tenta- tive validation to the utility of using open-source social media platforms to study the social structure and operations of Mexican drug cartels. Implications for law enforcement, homeland security, and the intelligence enterprise are discussed. Keywords: drug trafficking organizations; Facebook; Mexican cartels; social media. 1 Introduction The inception of organized crime dates back hundreds of years and has always been both a national and international problem. Be it Chinese Triads, Colombian cartels, Dominican criminal organizations, La Cosa Nostra (the Italian/Sicilian mafia), Japanese Yakuza, Korean criminal organizations, Mexican drug cartels, *Corresponding author: Michael R. Smith, The University of Texas at El Paso – Center for Law and Human Behavior, Prospect Hall 224 500 W. University, Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA, e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Justin Nix: University of Louisville – Criminal Justice, Louisville, KY, USA Matthew Petrocelli: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville – Criminal Justice, Edwardsville, IL, USA Jeff Rojek: The University of Texas at El Paso – Criminal Justice, El Paso, TX, USA Victor M.