Understanding Asia: Political, Economic and Socio-Cultural Dimensions

Understanding Asia: Political, Economic and Socio-Cultural Dimensions Edited by Joanna Marszałek-Kawa Michał Dahl Series Biblioteka Azji i Pacyfiku Editor-in-Chief Joanna Marszałek-Kawa Secretary Bartosz Płotka The Editorial Board Kamal M. Abdulla (Azerbaijan), Daulet L. Baideldinov (Kazakhstan), Marceli Burdelski (Poland), Waldemar J. Dziak (Poland), He Yaomin (China), Hassan A. Jamsheer (Poland), Vasyl Marchuk (Ukraine), Joanna Marszałek-Kawa (Poland), Miao Huashou (China), Vladimir I. Nifadiev (Kyrgyzstan), Ewa Oziewicz (Poland), Zdzisław Puślecki (Poland), Akmal Saidov (Uzbekistan), Grażyna Strnad (Poland), Peter Vorel (Czech Republic) Reviewers Professor Dr Hab. Tadeusz Dmochowski Professor Dr Hab. Przemysław Osiewicz Publishing editor: Paweł Jaroniak Technical editing: Ryszard Kurasz Proofreading: Team Cover design: Krzysztof Galus © Copyright by Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek All rights reserved. The book you have purchased is the work of the author and the publisher. No part of it may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without permission in writing from the copyright owner. In case of brief quotations of the work do not change the contents and make sure to note whose it is Toruń 2020 ISBN 978-83-8180-266-6 Sales Department: tel./fax 56 648 50 70, [email protected] Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, ul. Lubicka 44, 87–100 Toruń tel. 56 664 22 35, 56 660 81 60, e-mail: [email protected], www.marszalek.com.pl Drukarnia, ul. Warszawska 54, 87–148 Łysomice, tel. 56 678 34 78 Table of Contents Preface .......................................................................................... 5 Ivan Parubchak The Formation of State Ideology in Transformational Societies through the Promotion of Social and Cultural Values ............................................................................................ 9 Toghrul Allahmanli Globalization, International Economic Relations, and Geo-Economic Factors (Based on Economic Relations between Azerbaijan and Poland) ........................... 32 Aliyev Shirinbey Hajiali Oghlu The “Mamluke Period” in the History of the Atabey State in the Context of Azerbaijani-Georgian Relations .... 44 Nargiz Qafarova, Jabir Khalilov Recommendations on the Establishment of a Jury System in Azerbaijan ................................................................. 61 Paula Tomaszewska, Michał Dahl Implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative in Selected Balkan States .......................................................... 69 4 Table of Contents Roman Husarski The Inevitable Conflict. South Korea Relation with Japan during the Moon Jae-in Presidency ....................................... 86 Stanisław Juszczyk, Yongdeog Kim, Suwan Kim Digital Media in Communication and Education of the Polish and Korean Youth. Comparative Analysis ..... 99 Maria Ochwat Elections to the House of Representatives in Thailand in 2019 – Selected Issues .......................................................... 120 Łukasz Danel The Asian Part of the Commonwealth – the Problematic Case of the Maldives .................................................................. 145 Anna Zasuń Islamist Strategies in the Context of “Bottom-Up Islamization” in Selected Middle East Countries ................. 163 Olivier Harenda Clear Light of Day: National Division and Self-Transfiguration According to Anita Desai ............................................................................. 200 Guliyev Ibrahim Nizami and Sadi (Based on Nizami Ganjavi’s “The Treasury of Secrets” and Sadi Shirazi’s “Bustan” Poems) ......................................................................... 221 Preface The monograph that we have pleasure to present to the Reader is a result of cooperation of scientists representing both Pol- ish and foreign research institutions (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, South Korea). Understanding Asia: Political, Economic and Socio-Cultural Dimensions is a supplement to the “Library of Asia and the Pacific” Biblioteka( Azji i Pacyfiku) series, ini- tiated by Adam Marszałek Publishing House. The presented volume consists of ten chapters. The authors of the chapters making up this volume represent various research experienc- es and perspectives. The common denominator of the works contained in the monograph is their discussion of Asian issues. The ambition of the authors and editors was to prepare an interdisciplinary volume, enabling a view of Asia from many perspectives: historical, political, economic, legal, social, and cultural. We believe that only such an approach, emphasizing diversity, makes it possible to understand the specificity of the Asian continent and the changes taking place on it. Dynamic changes being observed in the international arena and uncer- tainty about the future shape of the global order justify the need for multidimensional research on Asia. Although opin- ions of experts on the future of the world order differ, no one seems to question the fact that it will largely depend on Asian countries – their strength, stability and commitment on the international stage. Having general character, the first chapter, entitledThe For- mation of State Ideology in Transformational Societies through the Promotion of Social and Cultural Values is a valuable intro- duction to the issues presented in the volume. Ivan Parubchak 6 Preface attempts to analyze the importance of some critical terms for social sciences, such as: ideology, socialization, and social capi- tal (among others). Researcher’s findings can be applied in the analysis of numerous societies, including those of Asian states, most of which are witnessing processes of rapid development and modernization. Another group of chapters are related to Azerbaijan. They include Toghrul Allahmanli’s paper about globalization, international economic relations and geo-economic factors, historical analysis presented by Aliyev Shirinbey Hajiali Oghlu (The “Mamluke Period” in the History of the Atabey State in the Context of Azerbaijani-Georgian Relations), as well as Nargiz Qafarova’s and Jabir Khalilov’s recommendations on the establishment of a jury system in Azerbaijan. Even though these chapters are explicitly related to only one state, most arrange- ments also apply to other countries, either directly (Azerbai- jani-Georgian relations) or indirectly (general comments on geo-economics). When it comes to institutional solutions being described (such as a jury system in Azerbaijan), most comments can be reviewed in the context of constitutional systems of other states, not only Asian countries. Paula Tomaszewska’s and Michał Dahl’s chapter entitled Implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative in Selected Bal- kan States brings the narrative to East Asia. Although Belt and Road Initiative has been present in public discourse and rela- tively well-described in the literature, authors decided to focus on rather minor aspect of Chinese geopolitical project – its implementation in the Balkans. The chapter also characterizes the infrastructural cooperation of selected Balkan states (Alba- nia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, North Macedonia, and Serbia) with China and the European Union. Next two papers are related to South Korea. The Inevitable Conflict. South Korea Relations with Japan during the Moon Preface 7 Jae-in Presidency – this chapter written by Roman Husarski gives an overview of the history of problematic relations between South Korea and Japan. The author points out to the fact that current conflict in the bilateral relations between Seoul and Tokyo could not be avoided due to the ruling Dem- ocratic Party’s and President Moon Jae-in’s agenda. Stanisław Juszczyk, Yongdeog Kim and Suwan Kim in their chapter focus on answering the problem of an impact of digital media on communication and education of the youth. Using the empiri- cal research methods, authors provide comparative analysis of Polish and Korean youth, resulting in construction of a model that can be useful for further contributors. In her paper entitled Elections to the House of Representa- tives in Thailand in 2019 – Selected Issues Maria Ochwat not only focuses on the recent parliamentary elections in Thailand, but also provides an overview of political, economic and social situation of this country. She also presents selected issues related to the electoral law, and more details about the campaign and the conduct of the elections from March 24, 2019. Łukasz Danel’s contribution to the monograph is related to Maldives – a small country, and therefore rarely of interest to analysts undertaking research within the discipline of international relations. The Asian Part of the Commonwealth – the Problem- atic Case of the Maldives presents mechanisms used by the Commonwealth governing bodies to judge member states. It also characterizes the Asian members of the Commonwealth, pointing out to their specificity and problems associated with membership. The next chapter of the book is related to the Middle East, specifically to Islamist Strategies in the Context of “Bottom- Up Islamization” in Selected Middle Eastern Countries. Anna Zasuń discusses models of “bottom-up Islamization” observed since 1990s. On the example of selected Middle Eastern states, 8 Preface e.g. Egypt, Jordan, and Turkey the author presents the political involvement and methods used by Islamists to affect the political sphere. In the next section, Olivier Harenda dealt with the works of Anita Desai, an Indian writer commenting the political and social life in the contemporary India. Although

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