UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Faculdade De Filosofia, Letras E Ciências Humanas Departamento De Teoria Literária

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UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Faculdade De Filosofia, Letras E Ciências Humanas Departamento De Teoria Literária UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas Departamento de Teoria Literária Lígia Razera Gallo O desequilíbrio familiar e a identidade americana nas peças de Sam Shepard São Paulo 2011 1 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas Departamento de Teoria Literária Lígia Razera Gallo O desequilíbrio familiar e a identidade americana nas peças de Sam Shepard (versão corrigida) São Paulo 2011 Ligia Razera Gallo O desequilíbrio familiar e a identidade americana nas peças de Sam Shepard Tese apresentada ao Departamento de Letras Modernas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Mestre na área de Teoria Literária e Literatura Comparada, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Fábio Rigatto de Souza Andrade. (versão corrigida) “de acordo” _____________________________________________________ SÃO PAULO 2011 Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humans da Universidade de São Paulo. Gallo, Ligia Razera O desequilíbrio familiar e a identidade americana nas peças de Sam Shepard / Ligia Razera Gallo; orientador Fábio Rigatto de Souza Andrade.─ São Paulo, 2011. 200 f. Tese (Mestrado – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria Literária e Literatura Comparada. Área de concentração: Teoria Literária e Literatura Comparada) – Departamento de Teoria Literária da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. (versão corrigida) 1. Teatro norte-americano – Século 20. 2. Identidade americana 3. Crítica teatral FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO LIGIA RAZERA GALLO O desequilíbrio familiar e a identidade americana nas peças de Sam Shepard Tese apresentada ao Departamento de Letras Modernas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Mestre na área de Literatura Comparada, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Fábio Rigatto de Souza Andrade. Aprovado em: BANCA EXAMINADORA Assinatura:____________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Fábio Rigatto de Souza Andrade (DTL-USP) Assinatura:____________________________________________________________ Assinatura:____________________________________________________________ Assinatura:____________________________________________________________ AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Professor Doutor Fábio Rigatto de Souza Andrade, pela orientação, pelo estímulo à leitura, pelas discussões relevantes, pela paciência que demonstrou na leitura de meus textos. Ao Professor Dr. Jorge Mattos Brito de Almeida e à Professora Dra Mayumi Denise Senoi Ilari, pelas sugestões dadas no exame de qualificação. Aos professores que gentilmente partilharam seu conhecimento comigo ao longo do caminho: Maria Silvia Betti, José Eduardo Vendramini, Renata Pallottini, Homero Freitas de Andrade, Ricardo Nascimento Fabbrini, Iná Camargo Costa, Cleusa Rios Pinheiro Passos. Aos meus amigos pelo apoio constante. Ao amigo Rodrigo Esteves de Lima Lopes, pela leitura criteriosa e atenta. Aos meus familiares pelo apoio e reconhecimento. O conhecimento é desperdiçado quando fica parado. O ideal é que o conhecimento e a sabedoria circulem entre as pessoas e elas possam usá-los para criar prosperidade e praticar boas ações. A Beny, meu marido, pela paciência. A todos meus familiares e amigos pelo incentivo. A minha mãe, Lúcia e meu pai, Humberto (in memoriam). SUMÁRIO 1. Sam Shepard, dramaturgo: uma visão panorâmica 1.1 Introdução....................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Biografia de Sam Shepard............................................................................... 14 1.3 A Filmografia de Shepard e cronologia das peças.......................................... 21 1.4 Uma Pesquisa de Literatura............................................................................ 25 1.5 Os Trabalhos de Shepard no Contexto Teatral............................................... 26 1.6 O americanismo de Shepard........................................................................... 29 1.7 O uso do mito em Shepard.............................................................................. 31 1.8 Intuições de outras artes.................................................................................. 32 1.9 Representação teatral...................................................................................... 33 1.10 O uso da linguagem por Shepard.................................................................. 34 1.11 Homens e mulheres nas peças de Shepard.................................................... 35 1.12 Sam Shepard e o Super-Realismo (Hiper-Realismo).................................... 38 2. O teatro de Sam Shepard e o drama americano moderno 2.1 O drama familiar no teatro americano............................................................ 42 2.2 Família e Sociedade........................................................................................ 44 2.3 O legado do pai e o sofrimento do filho......................................................... 47 2.4 Idéias patriarcais de masculinidade................................................................ 50 2.5 A cultura do sucesso masculino...................................................................... 54 2.6 A busca do pai por autoridade e o primogênito.............................................. 56 2.7 A construção da identidade americana – Shepard reinventando a América... 61 2.8 A concepção de Shepard da identidade americana......................................... 61 2.9 A identidade americana na literatura.............................................................. 66 2.10 Os que é ser americano? O que está errado com esse retrato?.................... 70 2.11 Sam Shepard e o cowboy mítico................................................................... 72 3. A desconstrução da família americana em três peças de Sam Shepard 3.1 Curse of the Starving Class: o ácido de Shepard corrói a América 3.1.1 Curse of the Starving Class- imaginando a América…………………….. 75 3.1.2 A centralidade de Weston……………………………………………........ 77 3.1.3 Sam Shepard e o outro drama americano.................................................... 90 3.1.4 A fragmentação da linguagem em Curse of the Starving Class.................. 102 3.1.5 Curse of the Starving Class e o fracasso americano.................................... 104 3.2 Buried Child: Tabus universais: sexo (incesto), vida e morte. 3.2.1 Buried Child - a peça................................................................................... 110 3.2.2 Cenário idílico.............................................................................................. 113 3.2.3 Imagens visuais............................................................................................ 114 3.2.4 O Patriarca Dodge........................................................................................ 115 3.2.5 A Inconsistente Halie................................................................................... 118 3.2.6 Ansel: o Herói Familiar................................................................................ 121 3.2.7 Tilden e sua Identificação com Dodge......................................................... 122 3.2.8 O Imaturo Bradley....................................................................................... 124 3.2.9 O Papel de Vince.......................................................................................... 125 3.2.10 A Criança Enterrada................................................................................... 127 3.2.11 Reflexões sobre Curse of the Starving Class e Buried Child.................... 128 3.3 Fool for Love: Sam Shepard e a visão masculinizada da realidade 3.3.1 Fool For Love – paixão sadomasoquista..................................................... 130 3.3.2 May x a Condessa e Eddie x Martin: um relacionamento?.......................... 132 3.3.3 The Old Man e a determinação do masculino na peça…………………..... 138 4. Conclusão ........................................................................................................ 145 Referências Bibliográficas................................................................................. 152 RESUMO Gallo, L. R. O desequilíbrio familiar e a identidade americana nas peças de Sam Shepard. 2011. 160 f. Tese (Mestrado) – Faculdade De Filosofia Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2011. Este estudo analisa três obras dramáticas de Sam Shepard: Curse of the Starving Class, Buried Child e Fool for Love dentro do contexto de sua obsessão compartilhada com o sonho americano sobre uma família harmoniosa mostrando um desvio do sonho o que também é predominante em peças de dramaturgos americanos, como O'Neill e Miller, que antecedem Sam Shepard. Este estudo também investiga o conceito da identidade americana nas peças. Entre os trabalhos do dramaturgo Sam Shepard encontramos três peças que exploram o que significa ser o membro de uma família do meio oeste americano. Em Curse of the Starving Class, Buried Child, Shepard retrata a dor ecoando dentro do círculo familiar. Assim como os trabalhos iniciais de Shepard, essas peças familiares se revelam com um forte elemento biográfico, nascidas das experiências pessoais e persistentes preocupações do dramaturgo; através das peças, ele examina e reexamina o sistema familiar multigeracional do qual ele é oriundo.
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