Seeing London's Architecture
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London's Soap Industry and the Development of Global Ghost Acres
London’s Soap Industry and the Development of Global Ghost Acres in the Nineteenth Century John Knight won a prize medal at the Great Exhibition in 1851 for his soaps, which included an ‘excellent Primrose or Pale-yellow-soap, made with tallow, American rosin, and soda’.1 In the decades that followed the prize, John Knight’s Royal Primrose Soap emerged as one of the United Kingdom’s leading laundry soap brands. In 1880, the firm moved down the Thames from Wapping in East London to a significantly larger factory in West Ham’s Silvertown district.2 The new soap works was capable of producing between two hundred and three hundred tons of soap per week, along with a considerable number of candles, and extracting oil from four hundred tons of cotton seeds.3 To put this quantity of soap into context, the factory could manufacture more soap in a year than the whole of London produced in 1832.4 The prize and relocation together represented the industrial and commercial triumph of this nineteenth-century family business. A complimentary article from 1888, argued the firm’s success rested on John Knights’ commitment ‘to make nothing but the very best articles, to sell them at the very lowest possible prices, and on no account to trade beyond his means’.5 The publication further explained that before the 1830s, soap ‘was dark in colour, and the 1 Charles Wentworth Dilke, Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, 1851: Catalogue of a Collection of Works On, Or Having Reference To, the Exhibition of 1851, 1852, 614. -
London and Middlesex in the 1660S Introduction: the Early Modern
London and Middlesex in the 1660s Introduction: The early modern metropolis first comes into sharp visual focus in the middle of the seventeenth century, for a number of reasons. Most obviously this is the period when Wenceslas Hollar was depicting the capital and its inhabitants, with views of Covent Garden, the Royal Exchange, London women, his great panoramic view from Milbank to Greenwich, and his vignettes of palaces and country-houses in the environs. His oblique birds-eye map- view of Drury Lane and Covent Garden around 1660 offers an extraordinary level of detail of the streetscape and architectural texture of the area, from great mansions to modest cottages, while the map of the burnt city he issued shortly after the Fire of 1666 preserves a record of the medieval street-plan, dotted with churches and public buildings, as well as giving a glimpse of the unburned areas.1 Although the Fire destroyed most of the historic core of London, the need to rebuild the burnt city generated numerous surveys, plans, and written accounts of individual properties, and stimulated the production of a new and large-scale map of the city in 1676.2 Late-seventeenth-century maps of London included more of the spreading suburbs, east and west, while outer Middlesex was covered in rather less detail by county maps such as that of 1667, published by Richard Blome [Fig. 5]. In addition to the visual representations of mid-seventeenth-century London, a wider range of documentary sources for the city and its people becomes available to the historian. -
Wren and the English Baroque
What is English Baroque? • An architectural style promoted by Christopher Wren (1632-1723) that developed between the Great Fire (1666) and the Treaty of Utrecht (1713). It is associated with the new freedom of the Restoration following the Cromwell’s puritan restrictions and the Great Fire of London provided a blank canvas for architects. In France the repeal of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 revived religious conflict and caused many French Huguenot craftsmen to move to England. • In total Wren built 52 churches in London of which his most famous is St Paul’s Cathedral (1675-1711). Wren met Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680) in Paris in August 1665 and Wren’s later designs tempered the exuberant articulation of Bernini’s and Francesco Borromini’s (1599-1667) architecture in Italy with the sober, strict classical architecture of Inigo Jones. • The first truly Baroque English country house was Chatsworth, started in 1687 and designed by William Talman. • The culmination of English Baroque came with Sir John Vanbrugh (1664-1726) and Nicholas Hawksmoor (1661-1736), Castle Howard (1699, flamboyant assemble of restless masses), Blenheim Palace (1705, vast belvederes of massed stone with curious finials), and Appuldurcombe House, Isle of Wight (now in ruins). Vanburgh’s final work was Seaton Delaval Hall (1718, unique in its structural audacity). Vanburgh was a Restoration playwright and the English Baroque is a theatrical creation. In the early 18th century the English Baroque went out of fashion. It was associated with Toryism, the Continent and Popery by the dominant Protestant Whig aristocracy. The Whig Thomas Watson-Wentworth, 1st Marquess of Rockingham, built a Baroque house in the 1720s but criticism resulted in the huge new Palladian building, Wentworth Woodhouse, we see today. -
The History of London
The History of London STUDENT A The Romans came to England in ____________ ( when? ) and built the town of Londinium on the River Thames. Londinium soon grew bigger and bigger. Ships came there from all over Europe and the Romans built _____________ ( what? ) from Londinium to other parts of Britain. By the year 400, there were 50,000 people in the city. Soon after 400 the Romans left, and we do not know much about London between 400 and 1000. In __________ (when? ) William the Conqueror came to England from Normandy in France. William became King of England and lived in ___________ ( where? ). But William was afraid of the people of London, so he built a big building for himself – the White Tower. Now it is part of the Tower of London and many ____________ ( who? ) visit it to see the Crown Jewels – the Queen’s gold and diamonds. London continued to grow. By 1600 there were ______________ ( how many? ) people in the city and by 1830 the population was one and a half million people. The railways came and there were ___________ ( what? ) all over the city. This was the London that Dickens New and wrote about – a city of very rich and very poor people. At the start of the 20th century, _____________ ( how many? ) people lived in London. Today the population of Greater London is seven and a half million. ______________ ( how many ?) tourists visit London every year and you can her 300 different languages on London’s streets! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- STUDENT B The Romans came to England in AD43 and built the town of Londinium ____________ (where? ). -
History of London Timeline Cut out the Following Cards and Glue Them in the Correct Order on the Timeline
History of London Timeline Cut out the following cards and glue them in the correct order on the timeline. 18th Century 2005 A Victorian London Terror Attack 1599 14th Century The Globe Theatre The Great Plague 20th Century 1834 Damage and Expansion Houses of Parliament Fire 1863 AD 43 The London Underground London Located 11th Century 1485 – 1603 London Alone Tudor Times 1665 AD 60 The Great Fire of London The Roman’s London 1605 2000 The famous Gunpowder Plot The London Eye 1066 The Tower of London 5th – 7th Century St. Paul’s Cathedral visit twinkl.com This famous theatre is where many Unfortunately, there was lots of damage to of William Shakespeare’s plays were London due to bombings during the Second performed. However, in 1613, it was World War including to St. Paul’s Cathedral. burnt down by a staged cannon fire in London once again expanded and many one of his plays. Today, a new 1990s big department stores such as Harrods and Globe Theatre, close to the original Selfridges were built. building, still holds performances of Shakespeare’s plays. 200 years after Guy Fawkes tried to Due to its trading links, Britain and London blow up the Houses of Parliament, became very powerful with goods from all over an accidental fire spread through the world being imported. the main building leaving only Westminster Hall undamaged. The th During the 18 century and Queen Victoria’s replacement was built ten years reign, the population of London expanded and later and still remains there today. many of the buildings we still see in London today were built during the Victorian times. -
London: Biography of a City
1 SYLLABUS LONDON: BIOGRAPHY OF A CITY Instructor: Dr Keith Surridge Contact Hrs: 45 Language of Instruction: English COURSE DESCRIPTION This course traces the growth and development of the city of London from its founding by the Romans to the end of the twentieth-century, and encompasses nearly 2000 years of history. Beginning with the city’s foundation by the Romans, the course will look at how London developed following the end of the Roman Empire, through its abandonment and revival under the Anglo-Saxons, its growing importance as a manufacturing and trading centre during the long medieval period; the changes wrought by the Reformation and fire during the reigns of the Tudors and Stuarts; the city’s massive growth during the eighteenth and nineteenth-centuries; and lastly, the effects of war, the loss of empire, and the post-war world during the twentieth-century. This course will outline the city’s expansion and its increasing significance in first England’s, and then Britain’s affairs. The themes of economic, social, cultural, political, military and religious life will be considered throughout. To complement the class lectures and discussions field trips will be made almost every week. COURSE OBJECTIVES By the end of the course students are expected to: • Know the main social and political aspects and chronology of London’s history. • Have developed an understanding of how London, its people and government have responded to both internal and external pressures. • Have demonstrated knowledge, analytical skills, and communication through essays, multiple-choice tests, an exam and a presentation. INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGY The course will be taught through informal lectures/seminars during which students are invited to comment on, debate and discuss any aspects of the general lecture as I proceed. -
Monarchy – a Royal History of London
Monarchy – A Royal History of London Module Code 4HIST007X Module Level 4 Length Session One, Three Weeks Site Central London Host Course London International Summer Programme Pre-Requisite None Assessment 40% Oral Presentation, 60% Written Coursework Special features This module may include additional costs for museum tickets. Site visits: as a part of the module, students will be visiting The British Museum, British Library, National Portrait Gallery, the Museum of London, Imperial War Museum. The students will also tour important royal sites in London. Note: these visits are subject to change. Summary of module content This course examines London as the historical setting for monarchy and national ceremonial. As such the course considers Royalty’s central place in British life and examines how its purpose and function have changed over the centuries. It also investigates Royalty’s influence on British history and society and its impact on government, culture and science. Finally the course will consider how the monarchy has adapted – and continues to adapt – to changing times and how critics react to it. Learning outcomes On successful completion of this module, a student will be able to: 1. Explain how key moments in history have affected the role of the monarchy 2. Identify and evaluate how the monarchy has changed and adapted over time in response to national and international issues 3. Identify the extent to which the monarchy’s influence on diplomacy, international relations, society, culture and science have shaped the United Kingdom and its place on the world stage 4. Relate places and objects in and around London to key moments in the history of the monarchy. -
Queen's House Conference 2017 European Court Culture
Queen’s House Conference 2017 European Court Culture & Greenwich Palace, 1500-1750 RCIN405291, Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, 2017 Thursday to Saturday, 20-22 April 2017 Location: National Maritime Museum and the Queen’s House, Greenwich Conference organisers: Janet Dickinson (University of Oxford), Christine Riding (Royal Museums Greenwich) and Jonathan Spangler (Manchester Metropolitan University). With support from the Society for Court Studies. For queries about the programme, please: [email protected] For bookings: call 020 8312 6716 or e-mail [email protected] Booking form: http://www.rmg.co.uk/see-do/exhibitions-events/queens-house- conference-2017 Thursday, 20 April 12.30–13.00 Registration 13.00–15.00 Introduction, conference organisers Jemma Field, Brunel University: Greenwich Palace and Anna of Denmark: Royal Precedence, Royal Rituals, and Political Ambition Karen Hearn, University College London): “‘The Queenes Picture therein’: Henrietta Maria amid architectural magnificence” Anna Whitelock, Royal Holloway, University of London: Title to be confirmed 15.00–15.30 Coffee and tea 15.30 17.00 Christine Riding, Royal Museums Greenwich: Private Patronage, Public Display: The Armada Portraits and Tapestries, and Representations of Queenship Natalie Mears, Durham University: Tapestries and paintings of the Spanish Armada: Culture and Horticulture in Elizabethan and Jacobean England Charlotte Bolland, National Portrait Gallery: The Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I 17.00–18.00 Keynote lecture Simon Thurley, Institute of Historical Research, London: Defining Tudor Greenwich: landscape, religion and industry 1 18.00–19.00 Wine reception in the Queen’s House, followed by dinner at restaurant in Greenwich, at own expense. -
GOSLING Pp01-13.V2:Layout 3
GOSLING_pp01-13.v2:Layout 3 21.07.2009 12:23 Uhr Seite 1 GOSLING_pp01-13.v2:Layout 3 09.07.2009 11:57 Uhr Seite 2 GOSLING_pp01-13.v2:Layout 3 09.07.2009 11:57 Uhr Seite 3 CLASSIC DESIGN FOR CONTEMPORARY INTERIORS With contributions by Stephen Calloway, Jean Gomm, Tim Gosling and Jürgen Huber Foreword by Tim Knox, Director, Sir John Soane’s Museum, London Photography by Ray Main PRESTEL MUNICH BERLIN LONDON NEW YORK GOSLING_pp01-13.v2:Layout 3 09.07.2009 11:57 Uhr Seite 4 GOSLING_pp01-13.v2:Layout 3 09.07.2009 11:57 Uhr Seite 5 GOSLING_pp01-13.v2:Layout 3 09.07.2009 11:57 Uhr Seite 6 GOSLING_pp01-13.v2:Layout 3 09.07.2009 11:57 Uhr Seite 7 GOSLING_pp01-13.v2:Layout 3 09.07.2009 11:57 Uhr Seite 8 GOSLING_pp01-13.v2:Layout 3 09.07.2009 11:57 Uhr Seite 9 GOSLING_pp01-13.v2:Layout 3 09.07.2009 11:57 Uhr Seite 10 GOSLING_pp01-13.v2:Layout 3 21.07.2009 12:23 Uhr Seite 11 Foreword 13 1 The Classical Tradition 14 2 Space, Scale and Light 24 3 Commissioning 42 4 The Art and Craft of Luxury marquetry · mirror and glass · vellum · shagreen · leather lacquer · gilding · eglomise · inlays · accessories 52 5 The Art of Technology 170 6 Contemporary Design in Classic Interiors 192 Keepers of the Flame: Expert Craftsmen 216 Contributors 217 Selected Bibliography 218 Acknowledgements and Photo Credits 220 Index 221 GOSLING_pp01-13.v2:Layout 3 09.07.2009 11:57 Uhr Seite 12 GOSLING_pp01-13.v2:Layout 3 09.07.2009 11:57 Uhr Seite 13 Foreword direct link between today’s designers and craftsmen and their Acounterparts in the past is an important one. -
Section II: Summary of the Periodic Report on the State of Conservation, 2006
State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II workmanship, and setting is well documented. UNITED KINGDOM There are firm legislative and policy controls in place to ensure that its fabric and character and Maritime Greenwich setting will be preserved in the future. b) The Queen’s House by Inigo Jones and plans for Brief description the Royal Naval College and key buildings by Sir Christopher Wren as masterpieces of creative The ensemble of buildings at Greenwich, an genius (Criterion i) outlying district of London, and the park in which they are set, symbolize English artistic and Inigo Jones and Sir Christopher Wren are scientific endeavour in the 17th and 18th centuries. acknowledged to be among the greatest The Queen's House (by Inigo Jones) was the first architectural talents of the Renaissance and Palladian building in England, while the complex Baroque periods in Europe. Their buildings at that was until recently the Royal Naval College was Greenwich represent high points in their individual designed by Christopher Wren. The park, laid out architectural oeuvres and, taken as an ensemble, on the basis of an original design by André Le the Queen’s House and Royal Naval College Nôtre, contains the Old Royal Observatory, the complex is widely recognised as Britain’s work of Wren and the scientist Robert Hooke. outstanding Baroque set piece. Inigo Jones was one of the first and the most skilled 1. Introduction proponents of the new classical architectural style in England. On his return to England after having Year(s) of Inscription 1997 travelled extensively in Italy in 1613-14 he was appointed by Anne, consort of James I, to provide a Agency responsible for site management new building at Greenwich. -
A HISTORY of LONDON in 100 PLACES
A HISTORY of LONDON in 100 PLACES DAVID LONG ONEWORLD A Oneworld Book First published in North America, Great Britain & Austalia by Oneworld Publications 2014 Copyright © David Long 2014 The moral right of David Long to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved Copyright under Berne Convention A CIP record for this title is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-78074-413-1 ISBN 978-1-78074-414-8 (eBook) Text designed and typeset by Tetragon Publishing Printed and bound by CPI Mackays, Croydon, UK Oneworld Publications 10 Bloomsbury Street London WC1B 3SR England CONTENTS Introduction xiii Chapter 1: Roman Londinium 1 1. London Wall City of London, EC3 2 2. First-century Wharf City of London, EC3 5 3. Roman Barge City of London, EC4 7 4. Temple of Mithras City of London, EC4 9 5. Amphitheatre City of London, EC2 11 6. Mosaic Pavement City of London, EC3 13 7. London’s Last Roman Citizen 14 Trafalgar Square, WC2 Chapter 2: Saxon Lundenwic 17 8. Saxon Arch City of London, EC3 18 9. Fish Trap Lambeth, SW8 20 10. Grim’s Dyke Harrow Weald, HA3 22 11. Burial Mounds Greenwich Park, SE10 23 12. Crucifixion Scene Stepney, E1 25 13. ‘Grave of a Princess’ Covent Garden, WC2 26 14. Queenhithe City of London, EC3 28 Chapter 3: Norman London 31 15. The White Tower Tower of London, EC3 32 16. Thomas à Becket’s Birthplace City of London, EC2 36 17. -
Shakespeare, Jonson, and the Invention of the Author
11 Donaldson 1573 11/10/07 15:05 Page 319 SHAKESPEARE LECTURE Shakespeare, Jonson, and the Invention of the Author IAN DONALDSON Fellow of the Academy THE LIVES AND CAREERS OF SHAKESPEARE and Ben Jonson, the two supreme writers of early modern England, were intricately and curiously interwoven. Eight years Shakespeare’s junior, Jonson emerged in the late 1590s as a writer of remarkable gifts, and Shakespeare’s greatest theatri- cal rival since the death of Christopher Marlowe. Shakespeare played a leading role in the comedy that first brought Jonson to public promi- nence, Every Man In His Humour, having earlier decisively intervened— so his eighteenth-century editor, Nicholas Rowe, relates—to ensure that the play was performed by the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, who had ini- tially rejected the manuscript.1 Shakespeare’s name appears alongside that of Richard Burbage in the list of ‘principal tragedians’ from the same company who performed in Jonson’s Sejanus in 1603, and it has been con- jectured that he and Jonson may even have written this play together.2 During the years of their maturity, the two men continued to observe Read at the Academy 25 April 2006. 1 The Works of Mr William Shakespeare, ed. Nicholas Rowe, 6 vols. (London, printed for Jacob Tonson, 1709), I, pp. xii–xiii. On the reliability of Rowe’s testimony, see Samuel Schoenbaum, Shakespeare’s Lives (Oxford, 1970), pp. 19–35. 2 The list is appended to the folio text of the play, published in 1616. For the suggestion that Shakespeare worked with Jonson on the composition of Sejanus, see Anne Barton, Ben Jonson: Dramatist (Cambridge, 1984), pp.