Supplementary Table I. List of the active principles divided according to the target apparatus and pharmacological mechanisms of action, with indication of the type of side effect using a number from 1 to 4 (1: ototoxic drugs; 2: drugs inducing tinnitus; 3: drugs inducing vertigo or dizziness; 4: drugs inducing generic hearing disorders). Sub-lists A1-A2-A3-A4 show the active principles sorted by type of audio-vestibular side effect (A1: ototoxic drugs; A2: drugs inducing tinnitus; A3: drugs inducing vertigo or dizziness; A4: drugs inducing vertigo or dizziness).
Gastrointestinal System – Amiloride hydrochloride+furosemide ...... 1,2 – Furosemide ...... 1 Antispasmotic and other drugs used for intestinal motility – Furosemide with triamterene...... 1,2 disorders (usually in renal impairment or in hypoproteinaemia) • Antimuscarinic – Torasemide...... 1 – Butylscopolamine bromide ...... 3 • Potassium-sparing and other diuretics – Propantheline bromide ...... 3 – Amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide ...... 2,3 – Sulphate atropine ...... 3 – Spironolactone with furosemide...... 2 Antisecretory and protective drugs on gastric mucosa Anti-arrhythmics • H2 blockers • Class IB – Cimetidine...... 3 – Lidocaine hydrochloride...... 2 – Famotidine...... 3 • Class IC – Nizatidine ...... 3 – Flecainide acetate ...... 2,3 – Ranitidine ...... 3 – Propafenone hydrochloride ...... 3 • Chelates and complexes • Class III – Sucralfate ...... 3 – Amiodarone hydrochloride ...... 1,3 • Ventricular arrhythmias • Prostaglandins analogues – Mexiletine hydrochloride ...... 3 – Misoprostol...... 3 • Others • Proton pump inhibitors Adenosine...... 2 – Esomeprazole ...... 3 Beta blockers – Lansoprazole...... 3 – Acebutolol...... 3 – Omeprazole ...... 3 – Atenolol...... 3 – Pantoprazole ...... 3 – Atenolol + diuretics...... 3 – Rabeprazole sodium ...... 3 – Atenolol + calcium channel blockers...... 3 Anti-diarrheal drugs – Bisoprolol fumarate ...... 3 • Gastrointestinal motility inhibitors – Bisoprolol fumarate + diuretics...... 3 – Loperamide hydrochloride ...... 3 – Carvedilol...... 3 Chronic intestinal disorders – Celiprolol hydrochloride ...... 3 • Aminosalicylates – Esmolol hydrochloride ...... 3 – Sulfasalazine ...... 2,3 – Metoprolol tartrate ...... 2,3 • Cytokines inhibitors – Metoprolol + diuretics ...... 3 – Infliximab ...... 3 – Nadolol ...... 2,3 – Nebivolol ...... 3 Cardiovascular System – Oxprenolol + diuretics ...... 3 – Pindolol ...... 3 Positive inotropes – Propranolol hydrochloride ...... 3 • Cardiac glycoside – Sotalol hydrochloride ...... 3 – Digitoxin ...... 3 – Timolol maleate ...... 2,3 – Digoxin ...... 3 Hypertension and heart failure Diuretics • Anti-hypertensive vasodilators • Thiazide and related diuretics – Sildenafil ...... 3 – Chlorthalidone ...... 3 – Sodium nitroprusside...... 3 – Hydrochlorotiazide ...... 3 (related with rapid reduction of blood pressure) – Indapamide ...... 3 • Centrally-acting anti-hypertensive drugs • Loop diuretics – Clonidine hydrochloride ...... 3 – Methyl dopa ...... 3 – Moxonidina ...... 2,3 Nifedipine + atenolol ...... 3 • Alpha blockers Nisoldipine ...... 3 – Doxazosin...... 2,3 Verapamil hydrochloride ...... 3 – Terazosin ...... 3 • Piperazine derivates • Drugs used for regulate renin-angiotensin – Ranolazine...... 2,3 system • Selective sinus node inhibitors – Ace inhibitors – Ivabradine...... 3 Captopril ...... 3 • Peripheral vasodilators and related drugs Captopril + diuretics ...... 3 – Pentoxifylline ...... 3 Captopril + hydrochlorothiazide...... 3 Sympathomimetics Cilazapril ...... 3 • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Cilazapril + diuretics ...... 3 – Adrenaline ...... 3 Enalapril maleate ...... 2,3 Parenteral anticoagulants Enalapril + diuretics ...... 2,3 – Fondaparinux ...... 3 Fosinopril ...... 3 Anti-platelet agents Fosinopril + diuretics ...... 3 – Acetylsalicyic acid (with analgesic doses)...... 2 Imidapril Hydrocloride...... 2 – Cilostazol...... 2 Lisinopril ...... 3 – Clopidogrel bisulfate ...... 3 Lisinopril + diuretics ...... 3 – Dipyridamole ...... 3 Moexipril hydrochloride ...... 2,3 – Ticagrelor...... 3 Moexipril + diuretics ...... 2,3 Peripheral vasodilators Perindopril ...... 3 Moxisylyte...... 3 Perindopril + diuretics ...... 3 Antithrombotic drugs Quinapril ...... 3 • Direct thrombin inhibitors Quinapril+diuretics ...... 3 – Argatroban monohydrate...... 1 Ramipril ...... 2, 3 Anti-fibrinolytic and hemostatic drugs Sacubitril with valsartan...... 3 – Tranexamic acid (in rapid intravenous injection). . . . 3 Ramipril+diuretics ...... 3 Blood derivatives Trandolapril ...... 3 – Human coagulation factor VIII ...... 3 Trandolapril + calcium channel blockers ...... 3 – Human coagulation factor IX ...... 3 – Angiotensin II receptor blockers Lipid – lowering medications Candesartan cilexetil ...... 3 • Fibrates Candesartan + diuretics ...... 3 – Bezafibrate ...... 3 Eprosartan ...... 3 – Ciprofibrate ...... 3 Irbesartan ...... 2 – Fenofibrate ...... 3 Irbesartan+diuretics ...... 2,3 – Gemfibrozil ...... 3 Losartan potassium ...... 2,3 • Statins Losartan potassium+diuretic...... 3 – Atorvastatin ...... 2,3 Olmesartan medoxomil ...... 3 – Pravastatin sodium ...... 3 Olmesartan medoxomil+diuretics ...... 3 – Rosuvastatin ...... 3 Telmisartan ...... 3 – Simvastatin ...... 3 Telmisartan + diuretics ...... 3 – Simvastatin + ezetimibe ...... 3 Valsartan + diuretics ...... 2,3 • Fish oil – Renin inhibitors – Omega-3 acid ethyl esters ...... 3 Aliskiren...... 3 • Others • Nitrates, calcium channel blockers and other – Lomitapide...... 3 drugs used for angina – Nitrates Respiratory System Nitroglycerin ...... 3
Isosorbide dinitrate ...... 3 Drugs used in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary Isosorbide mononitrate ...... 3 disease – Calcium channel blockers • Adrenergic receptor agonists Amlodipine ...... 2,3 (sympathomimetics) Diltiazem hydrochloride ...... 3 – Beta 2 selective agonists Felodipine ...... 3 Salmeterol ...... 3 Isradipine ...... 3 • Antimuscarinic bronchodilators Lacidipine ...... 3 – Tiotropium ...... 3 Lercanidipine hydrochloride ...... 3 • Xanthines Nicardipine hydrochloride ...... 2,3 – Aminophylline...... 3 Nifedipine ...... 3 Cromoglycate, related therapies and anti-leukotrienes – Amisulpride ...... 3 • Anti-leukotrienes – Aripiprazole ...... 3 – Montelukast...... 3 – Clorazepate dipotassium ...... 3 – Roflumilast...... 3 – Lurasidone hydrochloride...... 3 Antihistamines and drugs used for alleric reactions – Olanzapine ...... 3 • Non-sedative antihistamines – Paliperidone ...... 2 – Bilastine...... 2,3 – Quetiapine ...... 3 – Cetirizine hydrochloride...... 3 – Risperidone ...... 2,3 Levocetirizine hydrochloride...... 3 Antidepressants • Sedative antihistamines • Tricyclic antidepressants and related drugs – Cyproheptadine hydrochloride...... 2,3 – Tricyclic antidepressant – Hydroxyzine hydrochloride...... 2,3 Amitriptyline hydrochloride ...... 2,3 – Chlorpheniramine maleate ...... 2 Amitriptyline hydrochloride + perphenazine ...... 2,3 – Ketotifen ...... 3 Clomipramine hydrochloride ...... 2,3 – Promethazine hydrochloride...... 2 Dosulepin hydrochloride ...... 2,3 • Allergen immunotherapy Doxepin...... 2,3 – Omalizumab ...... 3 Fluphenazine/nortriptyline ...... 2,3 Drugs used in Hereditary angioedema Imipramine hydrochloride ...... 2,3 • Complementary regolatory proteins Lofepramine...... 2 – Contest alfa...... 3 Nortriptyline ...... 2,3 Mucolytics Trimipramine ...... 2,3 – Ivacaftor...... 2 – Related antidepressant – Acetylcysteine...... 2 Mianserin hydrochloride ...... 2,3 Trazodone hydrochloride ...... 2,3 Central Nervous System • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors – Citalopram ...... 2,3
– Escitalopram ...... 2,3 Hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs – Fluoxetine ...... 3 • Hypnotics – Fluvoxamine maleate ...... 3 – Benzodiazepines – Paroxetine ...... 2,3 Diazepam ...... 3 – Sertraline...... 2,3 Flurazepam ...... 3 • Melatonin receptor agonists Lormetazepam ...... 3 – Agomelatine ...... 2, 3 Nitrazepam ...... 3 • Other antidepressants Temazepam ...... 3 – Buspirone hydrochloride, ...... 2,3 – Zaleplon, zolpidem e zopiclone – Duloxetine ...... 2,3 Zaleplon ...... 3,4 – Mirtazapine ...... 3 Zolpidem tartrate ...... 3,4 – Reboxetine ...... 3 Zopiclone ...... 3 – Venlafaxine ...... 2,3 – Sodium oxybate Central nervous system stimulants and drugs used for Sodium oxybate ...... 3 attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity • Anxiolytics – Atomoxetine ...... 3 – Benzodiazepines ...... 3 – Dexamfetamine sulfate...... 3 Alprazolam ...... 3 – Metilphenidate hydrochloride...... 3 Chlordiazepoxide ...... 3 – Modafinil ...... 3 Diazepam ...... 3 Drugs used in nausea and vertigo Lorazepam ...... 3 • Antihistamines Oxazepam ...... 3 – Cyclizine...... 2 – Meprobamate • Serotonin antagonists (5-ht3 receptor Meprobamate ...... 3 antagonists) Barbiturates – Dolasetron mesylate ...... 3 • Phenobarbital ...... 3 – Ondansetron ...... 3 Drugs used for psychosis and related disorders – Palonosetron ...... 2,3 • Lithium salts – Palonosetron with netupitnat...... 3 Lithium salts...... 3 – Tropisetron ...... 3 • Antipsychotics first generation • Neurokinin receptor antagonists – Zuclopenthixol ...... 2,3 – Aprepitant ...... 2,3 – Zuclopenthixol acetate...... 2 – Fosaprepitant ...... 2 – Zuclopenthixol decanoate ...... 2,3 • Cannabinoids • Atypical antipsychotics – Nabilone ...... 3 • Scopolamine – Diazepam ...... 3 – Scopolamine hydrobromide ...... 3 – Midazolam ...... 3 Analgesics – Phenytoin sodium ...... 3 • Non opioid analgesic – Lorazepam...... 3 – Acetylsalicylic acid ...... 1 Parkinsonism and related disorders drugs – Paracetamol + codeine phosphate ...... 3 • Dopaminergic drugs used for parkinsonism • Opioid analgesics – Dopamine receptor agonists – Buprenorphine ...... 2,3 Bromocriptine...... 2 – Fentanyl ...... 3 Cabergoline ...... 3 – Methadone hydrochloride ...... 3 Levodopa + benserazide ...... 3 – Morphine ...... 3 Levodopa + carbidopa ...... 3 – Oxycodone hydrochloride ...... 3 Levodopa + carbidopa + entacapone ...... 3 – Pentazocine ...... 3 Lisuride maleate ...... 3 – Pethidine hydrochloride ...... 3 Pergolide ...... 3 – Tramadol ...... 3 Pramipexole ...... 3 • Neuropathic pain (trigeminal neuralgia) Ropinirole ...... 3 – Carbamazepine ...... 3 – Monoamine oxidase b inhibitors – Oxcarbazepine ...... 3 Resagiline ...... 3 • Anti migraine drugs Selegiline hydrochloride ...... 3 • Migraine acute treatment – Catechol o methyltransferase inhibitors – Acetylsalicylic acid ...... 1 Amantadine hydrochloride ...... 3 – NSAIDs ...... 2,3 Entacapone ...... 3 – Tolfenamic acid...... 2,4 – Antimuscarinic drugs used for parkinsonism • 5-hydroxy tryptamine agonists Orphenadrine hydrochloride ...... 3 – Almotriptan ...... 2,3 Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride ...... 3 – Eletriptan ...... 2,3 • Drugs used for essential tremor, corea, tic and – Frovatriptan ...... 2,3 related disorders – Rizatriptan ...... 3 – Riluzole ...... 3 – Sumatriptan ...... 3 • Torsional dystonia and other involuntary – Zolmitriptan ...... 3 movements • Ergot alkaloids drugs – Botulinum toxin a ...... 2,3 – Ergotamine tartrate ...... 3 – Piracetam...... 3 • Migraine prophylaxis Drugs addiction – Pizotifen ...... 3 • Alcohol dependence Antiepileptic drugs – Benzodiazepines ...... 3 • Epilepsy control – Naltrexone hydrochloride...... 2 – Brivaracetam...... 3 • Cigarette smoke – Carbamazepine...... 3 – Bupropion ...... 2,3 – Clobazam ...... 3 – Nicotine drug facts ...... 2,3 – Clonazepam ...... 3 – Varenicicline ...... 2,3 – Eslicarbazepine acetate ...... 2,3 • Opioid dependence – Ethosuximide...... 3 – Buprenorphine ...... 2,3 – Fosphenytoin sodium ...... 2 – Methadone hydrochloride ...... 3 – Gabapentin ...... 2,3 – Naltrexone hydrochloride ...... 3 – Lacosamide ...... 2,3 • Drugs used for dementia – Lamotrigine ...... 3 – Donepezil hydrochloride ...... 3 – Levetiracetam ...... 3 – Galantamine ...... 2,3 – Oxcarbazepine ...... 3 – Memantine hydrochloride...... 3 – Perampanel ...... 3 – Rivastigmine ...... 3 – Phenytoin ...... 3 Sleep disorders (insomnia and narcolepsy) – Pregabalin ...... 3,4 Benzodiazepines – Primidone ...... 3 – Loprazolam...... 3 – Rufinamide...... 3 Non-benzodiazepines hypnotics and sedatives – Retigabine ...... 3 – Melatonin...... 3 – Sodium valproate ...... 1 Central nervous system depressants – Topiramate ...... 2,3 – Pitolisant...... 2,3 – Vigabatrin ...... 3 – Modafinil ...... 3 – Zonisamide ...... 3 • Drugs used for status epilepticus Infectious Diseases – Clonazepam ...... 3 – Pivmecillinam hydrochloride...... 3 Antibiotics • Polymyxin antibiotics • Penicillins – Colistimethate sodium...... 2,3 – Broad-spectrum penicillins – Colistin ...... 3 Amoxycillin + clavulanate ...... 3 • Sulfonamides and trimethoprim • Cephalosporins and other beta lactamase – Sulfadiazine ...... 2,3 – Cephalosporins and cephamycins – Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim ...... 2,3 Cefaclor ...... 3 Antituberculosis drugs Cefadroxil ...... 3 – Capreomycin ...... 2 Cephalexin ...... 3 – Cycloserine ...... 2 Cefazolin sodium ...... 3 – Delamanid ...... 2 Cefixime ...... 3 – Isoniazid...... 1,2,3 Cefotaxime ...... 3 – Fosfomycin ...... 3 Cefpodoxime ...... 3 – Rifampicin ...... 3 Cefprozil ...... 3 – Rifampicin+isoniazid ...... 3 Cefradine ...... 3 – Rifaximin...... 3 Ceftazidime ...... 3 – Streptomycin ...... 1 Ceftriaxone ...... 3 Antifungal drugs Cefuroxime ...... 3 – Amphotericin b ...... 1 • Other beta lactamase antibiotics – Fluconazole ...... 3 – Aztreonam ...... 2,3 – Flucytosine ...... 3 – Ertapenem ...... 3 – Griseofulvin ...... 3 – Imipenem + cilastatin ...... 1,2,3 – Isavuconazole...... 3 • Tetracyclines – Itraconazole ...... 1,2,3 – Doxycycline ...... 2 – Posaconazole ...... 3,4 – Minocycline ...... 1,2,3 – Terbinafinae ...... 3 – Lymecycline...... 3 – Voriconazole ...... 2,3,4 – Tigecycline ...... 3 Antiviral drugs • Aminoglycosides • Human immunodeficiency virus – Amikacin ...... 1 – Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors – Gentamycin ...... 1 Abacavir ...... 3 – Netilmycin ...... 1 Abacavir+lamivudine ...... 3 – Neomycin sulfate...... 1 Abacavir+lamivudina+zidovudine ...... 3 – Tobramycin ...... 1,2,3 Didanosine ...... 3 • Macrolides Emtricitabine ...... 3 – Azithromycin...... 1,2 Emtricitabine+tenofovir ...... 3 – Clarithromycin ...... 1,2 Lamivudinae ...... 3 – Erythromycin ...... 1 Stavudine ...... 3 – Telithromycin ...... 3 Tenofovir disoproxil ...... 3 • Fluoroquinolones Zidovudine ...... 3 – Ciprofloxacin ...... 2,3,4 Zidovudine + lamivudine ...... 3 – Levofloxacin ...... 2, 3,4 – Protease inhibitors – Moxifloxacin ...... 3,4 Atazanavir ...... 3 – Norfloxacin ...... 2,3,4 Darunavir ...... 3 – Ofloxacin ...... 2,3,4 Fosamprenavir ...... 3 • Metronidazole and tinidazole Indinavir ...... 3 – Metronidazole ...... 3 Lopinavir+ritonavir ...... 2,3 – Tinidazole ...... 3 Ritonavir ...... 3 • Glycopeptide Saquinavir ...... 3 – Dalbavancin...... 1 Tipranavir ...... 3 – Teicoplanin ...... 1,2 – Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors – Televancin ...... 1,2 Efavirenz ...... 2,3 – Vancomycin ...... 1 – HIV-integrase inhibitors – Vancomycin (with intravenous use)...... 2 Raltegravir...... 2 • Other antibiotics – Other antiretroviral drugs – Chloramphenicol...... 1 Enfuvirtide ...... 3 – Daptomycin ...... 3 • Herpes virus infection – Linezolid ...... 2,3 – Herpes simplex and zoster – Nitrofurantoin...... 3 Acyclovir ...... 3 – Quinupristin + dalfopristin ...... 3 Famcyclovir ...... 3 Inosine pranobex ...... 3 Female sex hormones Valacyclovir ...... 3 • Estrogens and hormone replacement therapy – Citomegalovirus – Estradiol ...... 3 Foscarnet sodium ...... 3 – Estradiol + progestin ...... 3 Gancyclovir ...... 1 – Estradiol with drospirenone...... 2 Valgancyclovir ...... 3 – Estriol ...... 3 • Viral hepatitis – Estrogens conjugated + progestin ...... 3 – Boceprevir...... 2 – Ethinylestradiol ...... 3 – Entecavir...... 3 – Tibolone ...... 3 • Flu • Progestinics – Amantadine hydrochloride ...... 3 – Dydrogesterone...... 3 – Oseltamivir ...... 3,4 – Medroxyprogesterone acetate ...... 3 • Human respiratory syncytial virus – Norethisterone ...... 3 – Ribavirin ...... 2,3 – Norethisterone + estradiol ...... 3 • Other antivirals drugs – Progesterone ...... 3 Peginterferon alfa...... 3 Hypothalamic-hypophyseal hormones Antiprotozoal agents • Hypothalamic, adenohypophyseal hormones • Antimalarial and antiestrogens – Quinine ...... 2,3,4 – Antiestrogens – Chloroquine ...... 1 Clomiphene citrate ...... 3 – Doxycycline ...... 2 • Adenohypophyseal hormones – Mefloquine ...... 2,3 – Growth hormone receptor antagonists – Pyrimethamine with sulfadoxine...... 2,3 Pegvisomant ...... 3 – Proguanil hydrochloride + atovaquone ...... 3 Thyrotropin alfa ...... 3 • Anti-parasitic drugs against amoeba and – Corticotrphins trichomonas Tetracosactide...... 3 – Metronidazole ...... 3 • Neurohypophyseal hormones and antagonists – Tinidazole ...... 3 Neurohypophyseal hormones • Leishmaniasis – Terlipressin ...... 3 – Sodium stibogluconate ...... 3 – Vasopressin...... 3 • Anti-pneumocystosis drugs Bone metabolism regulators – Proguanil hydrochloride + atovaquone ...... 3 • Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone – Pentamidine isethionate ...... 3 – Salmon calcitonin ...... 3 Antihelmintic drugs – Parathyroid hormone ...... 3 • Anti-cestode parasites drugs – Teriparatide ...... 3 – Teniacide • Bisphosphonates and other bone metabolism Niclosamide ...... 3 regulators – Bisphosphonates Endocrine System Alendronate...... 3 Pamidronate ...... 3
Risedronate ...... 2,3 Anti-diabetic agents Zoledronate ...... 3 • Oral blood-glucose-lowering drugs Other endocrine drugs – Sulfonylurea class • Gonadotropins regulators Glipizide ...... 3 – Antagonists and inhibitors Tolbutamide...... 2 Danazol ...... 3 – Other oral blood-glucose-lowering drugs Ganirelix ...... 3 Pioglitazone ...... 3 – Gonadorelin analogue Pioglitazone + metformin ...... 3 Buserelin ...... 3,4 Hypoglycaemia Goserelin ...... 3 • Thiazide derivatives Leuprorelin acetate ...... 3 Diazoxide...... 2 Triptorelin ...... 2,3 Corticosteroids
• Glucocorticoid steroids – Betamethasone ...... 3 Obstetric, Gynecology and Urology – Deflazacort ...... 3 – Dexamethasone ...... 3 Obstetric drugs – Hydrocortisone ...... 3 • Prostaglandins and oxytocic drugs – Methylprednisolone ...... 3 – Carboprost...... 2,3 – Triamcinolone ...... 3 – Dinoprostone ...... 3 – Ergometrine maleate ...... 2,3 – Cabazitaxel ...... 2,3 – Gemeprost ...... 3 – Paclitaxel...... 2,3 • Tocolytic drugs • Anthracyclines and related drugs – Atosiban ...... 3 – Mitoxantrone...... 3 Drugs used for vaginal atrophy – Pixantrone ...... 3 • Topical hormone replacement therapy • Platinum derivatives – Topical estrogens ...... 3 – Carboplatin ...... 1 Hormonal contaceptives – Cisplatin ...... 1 • Vaginal route – Oxaliplatin ...... 1 – Etonogestrel + ethinylestradiol ...... 3 • Alkylating agents • Oestrogens combined with progestogens – Ifosfamide...... 3 – Dienogest with estradiol valerate...... 3 • Antimetabolites – Ethinylestradiol with norgestimate...... 3 – Capecitabine...... 3 Emergency contraception (post-coital) – Methotrexate ...... 2,3 • Hormonal methods – Tegafur with gimeracil and oteracil...... 3 – Levonorgestrel ...... 3 – Trifluridine with tipiracil...... 3 – Ulipristal acetate...... 3 • Cytotoxic antibiotics and related substance Progestin contraceptives – Mitomycin...... 3 – Progestin contraceptives (oral route) ...... 3 – Mitotane...... 3 Sex hormone responsive conditions • Retinoid and related drugs • Anti-oestrogens – Bexarotene...... 3 Clomifene citrate...... 3 Cytotoxic grug-induced side effects Drugs used for genito-urinary disorders • Iron chelators • Drugs used for urinary retention – Dexrazoxane...... 3 – Alpha blockers Protein kinase inhibitors Alfuzosin hydrochloride ...... 3 – Axitinib...... 2 Doxazosin ...... 2,3 – ...... 2 Prazosin...... 2,3 Bosutinib Tamsulosin hydrochloride ...... 3 – Cabozantinib...... 2 Terazosin ...... 2,3 – Dasatinib ...... 2,3 Drugs used for urinary disorders and incontinence – Imatinib ...... 2,3 • Urinary incontinence – Midostaurin...... 3 – Duloxetine ...... 3 – Nilotinib ...... 3 – Fesoterodine fumarate ...... 3 – Sorafenib ...... 2 – Flavoxate hydrochloride ...... 3 – Sunitinib ...... 3 – Oxibutynin hydrochloride ...... 3 – Tivozanib...... 2,3 – Tolterodine tartrate ...... 3 Monoclonal antibodies Drugs used in erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction – Catumaxomab ...... 3 • Erectile dysfunction – Cetuximab ...... 3 – Alprostadil ...... 3 – Trastuzumab ...... 3 • Premature ejaculation Proteasome inhibitors – Selective serotonine re-uptake inhibitors – Bortezomib...... 3 Dapoxetine...... 2,3 – Carfilzomib ...... 2 Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors Other antineoplastic drugs Sildenafil ...... 2,3 – Eribulin...... 2,3 Tadalafil ...... 2,3 – Tretinoin ...... 3,4 Vardenafil ...... 3 Drugs altering immune system response • Drugs suppressing the immune system Tumors and Immunosuppresssion – Mefenamic acid ...... 3 – Azathioprine ...... 3 Cytotoxic drugs • T-cell activation inhibitors • Vinca alkaloid and etoposide Belatacept...... 3 • Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressors – Etoposide ...... 1 – Calcineurin inhibitors and related drugs – Vinblastine solphate ...... 1,3 Tacrolimus ...... 2,3,4 – Vincristine solphate ...... 1,3 – Vindesine solphate ...... 1,3 – Thalidomide and related anologues Lenalidomide ...... 3,4 – Vinflunine ...... 1,2,3 Pomalidomide ...... 3 – Vinorelbine ...... 1 • Immunostimolants • Taxanes – Mifamurtide ...... 2,3 – Interferon alfa...... 3 – Ergocalciferol ...... 3 • Other immunomodulator drugs – Paricalcitol...... 3 – Alemtuzumab...... 3 Metabolic disorders – Canakinumab...... 3 • Drugs used in metabolic disorders – Natalizumab...... 3 – Fabry disease Sex hormones and hormone antagonists in tumors Agalsidase alfa - beta ...... 2,3 • Progestinics – Gaucher disease – Medroxyprogesterone acetate ...... 3 Imiglucerase ...... 3 – Megestrol acetate ...... 3 Miglustat ...... 3 – Norethisterone ...... 3 • Hormone antagonists Muscle Skeletal System – Breast cancer Exemestane ...... 3 Drugs used in rheumatological diseases and gout Letrozole ...... 3 • Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs Toremifene ...... 3 – Aceclofenac ...... 2,3 • Prostate cancer and gonadotropin releasing – Acemetacin ...... 2,3,4 hormone agonist – Acetylsalicilic acid ...... 1 – Buserelin ...... 3,4 – Celecoxib ...... 2,3 – Degarelix ...... 2 – Dexibuprofene ...... 2,3 – Flutamide ...... 3 – Dexketoprofene ...... 2,3 – Goserelin ...... 3 – Diclofenac + misoprostol ...... 2,3 – Leuprorelin acetate ...... 3 – Diclofenac potassium ...... 2,3 – Triptorelin ...... 3 – Diclofenac sodium ...... 2,3 – Etodolac ...... 2,3,4 Blood and Nutrition – Etoricoxib ...... 2,3 – Fenoprofen...... 2,3,4 Anemia and other hematic disorders – Flurbiprofen...... 2,3 • Iron deficiency anemia – Ibuprofen ...... 2,3 – Iron injection for anemia – Indomethacin ...... 2,3 Iron dextran...... 1 – Ketoprofen ...... 2,3 Iron isomaltoside...... 1 – Mefenamic acid ...... 2,3 Iron sucrose injection ...... 3 – Meloxicam ...... 2,3 • Drugs used in megaloblastic anemia – Nabumetone ...... 2,3 – Hydroxocobalamin...... 3 – Naproxen ...... 2,3 • Drugs used in hypoplastic and hemolytic – Piroxicam...... 2,3 anemias and in anemia in kidney diseases – Sulindac...... 2,3 – Iron-chelating agents – Tenoxicam ...... 2,3 Deferoxamine mesylate ...... 3,4 – Tiaprofenic acid ...... 2,3 – Monoclonal antibodies • Drugs modifying the rheumatic diseases course Eculizumab...... 2,3 – Antimalarial drugs • Drugs used for treatment of essential Chloroquine ...... 1 thrombocytosis Hydroxichloroquine sulphate ...... 1,3 – Anagrelide ...... 2,3 – Drugs modifying the immune response • Drugs used for treatment of idiopathic Azathioprine ...... 3 thrombocytopenic purpura Leflunomide ...... 3 – Eltrombopag ...... 3 Metotrexate ...... 3 – Romiplostim...... 3 – Cytokines inhibitors Minerals Adalimumab ...... 2,3 • Hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuric Certolizumab pegol...... 2 – Cinacalcet ...... 3 Infliximab ...... 3 • Phosphate imbalance Sulfasalazine ...... 2,3 – Calcium acetate with magnesium carbonate. . . . .3 – T-Cell activation inhibitors – Lanthanum ...... 3 Abatacept...... 3 Vitamins – Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors • Vitamins d and analogues Certolizumab pegol...... 3 – Alfacalcidol ...... 3 • Gout and hyperuricemia cytotoxic drugs – Calcitriol ...... 3 induced – Cholecalciferol ...... 3 – Gout long-term control – Dihydrotachysterol ...... 3 Allopurinol ...... 3 – Uricosurics Diagnostic and perioperative preparations, Febuxostat...... 2 photodynamic treatment Drugs used in neuromuscolar diseases • Perioperative ocular drugs • Skeletal muscle relaxants – Aproclonidin ...... 3 – Baclofen ...... 3 – Diclofenac sodium ...... 2,3 – Dantrolene sodium ...... 3 – Flurbiprofen sodium ...... 2,3 – Diazepam ...... 3 • Retrofoveal choroid neovascularization – Tizanidine ...... 3 – Pegaptanib sodium ...... 1 • Limbs night cramps Quinine ...... 2,4 Ear, Nose and Oropharynx • Spasticity
Cannabis extract...... 3 Anti-inflammatory steroids and associated antimicrobial Methocarbamol...... 3 – Ciprofloxacin + hydrocortisone ...... 2,3,4 – Doxycycline ...... 2 Eye Medicaments – Lidocaine hydrochloride ...... 1 – Lidocaine hydrochloride + hydrocortisone ...... 1 Antinfective eye preparations – Neomycin + fluocinolone acetonide ...... 1 • Antibacterial – Polimyxyn b sulphate + neomycin sulphate + lidocaine – Ciprofloxacin ...... 2,3,4 hydrochloride + hydrocortisone...... 1 – Gentamycin ...... 1 – Tobramycin ...... 1 – Levofloxacin ...... 3,4 – Tobramycin + dexamethasone ...... 1 – Neomycin + antibiotics ...... 1 Drugs used for oropharynx – Neomycin + corticosteroid ...... 1 • Drugs used for oral ulceration and inflammation – Ofloxacin ...... 3 Flurbiprofen ...... 2,3 – Tobramycin ...... 1 • Treatment of oral dryness Corticosteroids and other anti inflammatory preparations – Systemic treatment • Corticosteroids and associated antibacterials Pilocarpine hydrochloride ...... 3 – Dexamethasone + neomycin...... 1 – Dexamethasone + netilmycin ...... 1 Skin – Dexamethasone + tobramycin ...... 1
– Fluocinolone acetonide + neomycin ...... 1 Eczema and psoriasis preparations – Fluorometholone + gentamycin ...... 1 • Immune response regulators – Hydrocortisone + neomycin + cloramfenicol ...... 1 – Azathioprine ...... 3 –Prednisolone + neomycin ...... 1 – Infliximab ...... 3 • Other anti inflammatory preparations – Metotrexate ...... 3 – Lodoxamide ...... 3 • Retinoid and related drugs – Olopatadine ...... 3 – Acitretin ...... 2 Mydriatic and cycloplegics – Alitretinoin...... 2 • Antimuscarinics Acne and rosacea –Atropine solphate ...... 3 • Topical anti acne preparations –Cyclopentolate hydrochloride ...... 3 –Topical retinoids and anti acne preparations – Homatropine bromhydrate ...... 3 Tretinoin ...... 3,4 – Tropicamide ...... 3 • Anti acne preparations (oral route) Glaucoma treatment – Oral anti acne antibiotics • Beta blockers Doxycycline ...... 2 – Timolol maleate ...... 2,3 Erythromycin (reversible hearing • Sympathomimetics loss at high dosages) ...... 4 – Brimonidine tartrate ...... 3 Minocycline ...... 1 – Brimonidine tartrate + timolol ...... 3 – Oral retinoid used for acne • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and systemic Isotretinoin ...... 4 drugs Protective substances against uv radiations – Acetazolamide ...... 3,4 • Photodamage – Brinzolamide ...... 2,3 – Diclofenac sodium ...... 2,3 – Brinzolamide with brimonidine...... 3 Superficial soft-tissue injuries and superficial – Dorzolamide ...... 3 thrombophlebitis – Dorzolamide + timolol ...... 3 • Immune response modifiers • Prostaglandines analogues and prostamides – Travoprost ...... 2,3 Imiquimod...... 2 Anti infective skin preparations • Anti bacterial preparations - Topical anti bacterial preparations (if you have to treat Remifentanil ...... 3 a large area of skin ototoxicity may be a risk associated • Drugs used in malignant hyperthermia with aminoglycosides and polymyxin use) – Dantrolene sodium ...... 3 Neomycin sulphate ...... 1 Polymyxin ...... 1 Emergency • Anti mycotic preparations – Ketoconazole ...... 3 – Terbinafine ...... 4 Benzodiazepine antagonists – Flumazenil...... 3
Immunological Medicines and Vaccines
– Diphteria, tetanus vaccine adsorbed ...... 3 – Haemophilus Bn (meningococcal protein conjugate) Hepatitis B vaccine recombinant...... 3 – Hepatitis A inactivated & Hepatitis B (recombinant) vaccine...... 3 – Hepatitis B vaccine (RDNA) ...... 3 – Japanese encephalitis vaccine...... 3 – Measles, Mumps and rubella virus vaccine, live, attenuated...... 1 – Oral cholera vaccine...... 3 – Rabbies vaccine...... 3 – Tetanus vaccine...... 3 – Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine, inactivated . . .2,3 Meningococcal vaccine • Meningococcal group c polysaccharide – Conjugate vaccine ...... 3 – Meningococcal acwy vaccine ...... 3
Anesthesia
Local anaesthesia – Adrenaline with articaine hydrochloride...... 1,2 – Bupivacaine hydrochloride...... 1,2 – Chloroprocaine hydrochloride ...... 1,2 – Levobupivacaine...... 1,2 – Lidocaine hydrochloride...... 1,2 – Mepivacaine hydrochloride ...... 1,2 – Prilocaine hydrochloride ...... 1, 2 – Ropivacaine hydrochloride...... 1,2 General anesthesia • Intravenous anesthetics – Propofol ...... 3 • Antimuscarinic drugs – Atropine ...... 3 – Scopolamine hydrobromide ...... 3 • Perioperative analgesic and sedative drugs – Anxiolytics and neuroleptics Diazepam ...... 3 Lorazepam ...... 3 Midazolam ...... 3 Temazepam ...... 3 – Non-steroidal antiinflammtory drugs Ketorolac trometamol ...... 2,3,4 Parecoxib...... 2,3,4 – Opioids analgesics Alfentanil ...... 3 Fentanyl ...... 3 – Dalbavancin Sub-list A1 – Teicoplanin – Televancin Ototoxic Drugs – Vancomycin Drugs with explicit reporting by pharmaceutical company • Other antibiotics and/or health agency as “ototoxic drugs”; these drugs – Cholamphenicol can induce sensorineural hearing loss, with possible Antituberculosis drugs association to tinnitus, dizziness and vertigo – Isoniazid – Streptomycin Antifungal drugs – Amphotericin b Cardiovascular System – Itraconazole Antiviral drugs Diuretics • Herpes virus infection • Loop diuretics – Citomegalovirus – Amiloride hydrochloride + furosemide Ganciclovir – Furosemide Antiprotozoal agents – Furosemide with triamterene (usually in renal • Antimalarial impairment or in hypoproteinaemia) – Chloroquine – Torsemide (usually in high and rapid parenteral administration and in renal failure) Anti-arrhythmics Tumors and Immunosuppresssion • Class III – Amiodarone hydrochloride Cytotoxic drugs Antithrombotic drugs • Vinca alkaloid and etoposide • Direct thrombin inhibitors – Etoposide – Argatroban monohydrate – Vinblastine solphate – Vincristine solphate Central Nervous System – Vindesine solphate – Vinflunine – Vinorelbine Analgesics • Platinum derivatives • Non opioid analgesic – Carboplatin Acetylsalicylic acid – Cisplatin • Anti migraine drugs – Oxaliplatin – Migraine acute treatment Acetylsalicylic acid Antiepileptic drugs Blood and Nutrition • Epilepsy control – Sodium valproate Anemia and other hematic disorders – Topiramate • Iron deficiency anemia – Iron injection for anemia Iron dextran Infectious Diseases Iron isomaltoside
Antibiotics • Other beta lactamase antibiotics Muscle Skeletal System – Imipenem + cilastatin • Tetracyclines Drugs used for rheumatological diseases and gout – Minocycline • Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs • Aminoglycosides – Acetylsalicilic acid – Amikacin • Drugs that modify the rheumatic diseases – Gentamycin course – Neomycin sulfate – Antimalarial drugs – Netilmycin Chloroquine – Tobramycin Hydroxichloroquine sulphate • Macrolides – Azithromycin Eye Medicaments – Clarithromycin – Erythromycin Antinfective eye preparations • Glycopeptide • Antibacterial – Gentamycin – Prilocaine hydrochloride – Neomycin + antibiotics – Ropivacaine hydrochloride – Neomycin + corticosteroid – Tobramycin Corticosteroids and other antiinflammatory preparations • Corticosteroids and associated antibacterials – Dexamethasone + neomycin – Dexamethasone + netilmycin – Dexamethasone + tobramycin – Fluocinolone acetonide + neomycin – Fluorometholone + gentamycin – Hydrocortisone + neomycin + cloramfenicol – Prednisolone + neomycin Diagnostic and perioperative preparations, photodynamic treatment • Retrofoveal choroid neovascularization – Pegaptanib sodium
Ear, Nose and Oropharynx
Anti-inflammatory steroids and associated antimicrobial – Neomycin + fluocinolone acetonide – Polymyxin b sulphate + neomycin sulphate + lidocaine hydrochloride – Polimyxyn b sulphate + neomycin sulphate + lidocaine hydrochloride + hydrocortisone – Tobramycin – Tobramycin + dexamethasone
Skin
Acne and rosacea • Anti acne preparations (oral route) – Oral anti acne antibiotics Erythromycin Minocycline Anti infective skin preparations • Anti bacterial preparations – Topical anti bacterial preparations (if you have to treat a large area of skin ototoxicity may be a risk associated with aminoglycosides and polymyxin use) Neomycin sulphate Polymyxin
Immunological Medicines and Vaccines
– Measles, Mumps and rubella virus vaccine, live, attenuated
Anesthesia
Local anaesthesia – Adrenaline with articaine hydrochloride – Bupivacaine hydrochloride – Chloroprocaine hydrochloride – Levobupivacaine – Lidocaine hydrochloride – Mepivacaine hydrochloride – Moxonidine Sub-list A2 • Alpha blockers – Doxazosine Drugs inducing tinnitus • Nitrates, calcium channel blockers and other Drugs with explicit reporting by pharmaceutical company drugs used for angina and/or health agency as “drugs inducing tinnitus”; these – Calcium channel blockers drugs can induce tinnitus without effects on hearing and Amlodipine equilibrium. Nicardipine hydrochloride • Piperazine derivates – Ranolazine Anti-platelet agents Gastrointestinal System – Acetylsalicyic acid (with analgesic doses) – Cilostazol Chronic intestinal disorders Lipid – lowering medications • Aminosalicylates • Statins – Sulfasalazine – Atorvastatin
Cardiovascular System Respiratory System
Diuretics Antihistamines and drugs used for allergic reactions • Thiazide and related diuretics • Sedative antihistamines – Co-amilozide (hydrochlorothiazide + amiloride – Cyproheptadine hydrochloride hydrochloride) – Chlorpheniramine maleate • Potassium-sparing and other diuretics – Hydroxyzine hydrochloride – Amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide – Promethazine hydrochloride – Spironolactone with furosemide • Non-sedative antihistamines • Loop diuretics – Bilastine – Amiloride hydrochloride + furosemide Mucolytics – Furosemide with triamterene (usually in renal – Ivacaftor impairment or in hypoproteinaemia) – Acetylcysteine Anti-arrhythmics • Class IB – Lidocaine hydrochloride Central Nervous System • Class IC – Flecainide acetate Atypical antipsychotics • Others – Paliperidone – Adenosine – Risperidone Anti-platelet agents Antidepressants – Acetylsalicyic acid (with analgesic doses) • Tricyclic antidepressants and related drugs – Cilostazol – Tricyclic antidepressant Beta blockers Amitriptyline hydrochloride – Metoprolol tartrate Amitriptyline hydrochloride + perphenazine – Nadolol Clomipramine hydrochloride – Timolol maleate Dosulepin hydrochloride Hypertension and heart failure Doxepin • Drugs used for regulate renin-angiotensin Fluphenazine/ nortriptyline system Imipramine hydrochloride – Ace inhibitors Nortriptyline Enalapril maleate Trimipramine Enalapril+diuretics – Related antidepressant Imidapril Hydrochloride Mianserin hydrochloride Moexipril hydrochloride Trazodone hydrochloride Moexipril+diuretics • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Ramipril – Citalopram – Angiotensin ii receptor blockers – Escitalopram Irbesartan – Paroxetine Irbesartan+diuretics – Sertraline Losartan potassium • Melatonin receptor agonists Valsartan + diuretics – Agomelatine • Centrally-acting anti-hypertensive drugs • Other antidepressants – Venlafaxine – Ciprofloxacin Drugs used in nausea and vertigo – Levofloxacin • Serotonin antagonists (5-ht3 receptor – Norfloxacin antagonists) – Ofloxacin – Palonosetron • Other antibiotics • Neurokinin receptor antagonists – Linezolid – Aprepitant – Teicoplanin – Fosaprepitant – Televancin Analgesics – Vancomycin (with intravenous use) • Opioid analgesics • Sulfonamides and trimethoprim – Buprenorphine – Sulfadiazine • Anti migraine drugs – Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim – Migraine acute treatment Antituberculosis drugs NSAIDs – Capreomycin Tolfenamic acid – Cycloserine – 5-hydroxy tryptamine agonists – Delamanid Almotriptan – Isoniazid Eletriptan Antifungal drugs Frovatriptan – Isavuconazole Antiepileptic drugs – Itraconazole • Epilepsy control – Voriconazole – Eslicarbazepine acetate Antiviral drugs – Fosphenytoin sodium • Protease inhibitors – Gabapentin – Lopinavir + ritonavir – Lacosamide • Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase – Topiramate inhibitors Parkinsonism and related disorders drugs – Efavirenz • Dopaminergic drugs used for parkinsonism • HIV-integrase inhibitors – Dopamine receptor agonists – Raltegravir Bromocriptine. • Viral hepatitis • Torsional dystonia and other involuntary – Boceprevir movements • Human respiratory syncytial virus – Botulinum toxin a Drugs addiction – Ribavirin • Alcohol dependence Antiprotozoal agents – Naltrexone hydrochloride • Antimalarial • Cigarette smoke – Quinine – Bupropion – Doxycycline – Nicotine drug facts – Mefloquine – Varenicicline – Pyrimethamine with sulfadoxine • Opioid dependence – Buprenorphine Endocrine System Drugs used for dementia • Galantamine Anti-diabetic agents • Oral blood-glucose-lowering drugs Infectious Diseases – Sulfonylurea class Tolbutamide Antibiotics Hypoglycaemia • Other beta lactamase antibiotics • Thiazide derivatives – Aztreonam Diazoxide – Imipenem + cilastatin Bone metabolism regulators • Tetracyclines • Bisphosphonates and other bone metabolism – Doxycycline regulators – Minocycline – Bisphosphonates • Aminoglycosides Risedronate – Tobramycin • Macrolides Obstetric, Gynecology and Urology – Azithromycin – Clarithromycin Obstetric drugs • Fluoroquinolones • Prostaglandins and oxytocic drugs – Ergometrine maleate – Diclofenac + misoprostol Drugs used for genito-urinary disorders – Diclofenac potassium • Drugs used for urinary retention – Diclofenac sodium – Alpha blockers – Etodolac Doxazosin – Etoricoxib Prazosin – Fenoprofen Drugs used in erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction – Flurbiprofen • Premature ejaculation – Ibuprofen – Selective serotonine re-uptake inhibitors – Indomethacin Dapoxetine – Ketoprofen Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors – Mefenamic acid – Sildenafil – Meloxicam – Nabumetone Tumors and Immunosuppresssion – Naproxen – Piroxicam Cytotoxic drugs – Sulindac • Taxanes – Tenoxicam – Cabazitaxel – Tiaprofenic acid • Protein kinase inhibitors • Drugs modifying the rheumatic diseases course – Axitinib – Cabozantinib – Cytokines inhibitors – Dasatinib Adalimumab – Imatinib Certolizumab pegol – Sorafenib Sulfasalazine Drugs altering immune system response • Gout and hyperuricemia cytotoxic drugs • Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressors induced – Calcineurin inhibitors and related drugs – Uricosurics Tacrolimus Febuxostat • Immunostimolants Drugs used in neuromuscolar diseases – Mifamurtide • Limbs night cramps Sex hormones and hormone antagonists in tumors – Quinine • Prostate cancer and gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist Eye Medicaments – Degarelix Antinfective eye preparations Blood and Nutrition • Antibacterial –Ciprofloxacin Anemia and other hematic disorders Glaucoma treatment • Drugs used in hypoplastic and hemolytic • Beta blockers anemias and in anemia in kidney diseases –Timolol maleate – Monoclonal antibodies • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and systemic Eculizumab drugs • Drugs used for treatment of essential – Brinzolamide thrombocytosis – Brinzolamide with brimonidine – Anagrelide • Prostaglandines analogues and prostamides Metabolic disorders – Travoprost • Drugs used in metabolic disorders Diagnostic and perioperative preparations, – Fabry disease photodynamic treatment Agalsidase alfa-beta • Perioperative ocular drugs – Diclofenac sodium – Flurbiprofen sodium Muscle Skeletal System
Drugs used in rheumatological diseases and gout Ear, Nose and Oropharynx • Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs – Aceclofenac Anti-inflammatory steroids and associated antimicrobial – Acemetacin • Ciprofloxacin + hydrocortisone – Celecoxib • Doxycycline – Dexibuprofene Drugs used for oropharynx – Dexketoprofene • Drugs used for oral ulceration and inflammation – Flurbiprofen
Skin
Eczema and psoriasis preparations • Retinoid and related drugs – Acitretin Acne and rosacea • Anti acne preparations (oral route) – Oral anti acne antibiotics Doxycycline Protective substances against uv radiations • Photodamage – Diclofenac sodium
Immunological Medicines and Vaccines
– Measles, Mumps and rubella virus vaccine, live, attenuated
Anesthesia
Local anaesthesia – Adrenaline with articaine hydrochloride – Bupivacaine hydrochloride – Chloroprocaine hydrochloride – Levobupivacaine – Lidocaine hydrochloride – Mepivacaine hydrochloride – Prilocaine hydrochloride – Ropivacaine hydrochloride General anesthesia • Perioperative analgesic and sedative drugs – Non-steroidal antiinflammtory drugs Ketorolac trometamol Parecoxib
– Flecainide acetate Sub-list A3 – Propafenone hydrochloride • Ventricular arrhythmias Drugs inducing vertigo or dizziness – Mexiletine hydrochloride Drugs with explicit reporting by pharmaceutical company Beta blockers and/or health agency as “drugs inducing vertigo or – Acebutolol dizziness”; these drugs can induce vertigo and/or – Atenolol dizziness without effects on hearing. – Atenolol + calcium channel blockers – Atenolol + diuretics – Bisoprolol fumarate – Bisoprolol fumarate + diuretics Gastrointestinal System – Carvedilol – Celiprololo hydrochloride Antispasmotic and other drugs used for intestinal motility – Esmolol hydrochloride disorders – Metoprolol tartrate • Antimuscarinic – Metoprolol + diuretics – Butylscopolamine bromide – Nadolol – Propantheline bromide – Nebivolol – Sulphate atropine – Oxprenolol + diuretics Antisecretory and protective drugs on gastric mucosa – Pindolol • H2 blockers – Propranolol hydrochloride – Cimetidine – Sotalol hydrochloride – Famotidine – Timolol maleate – Nizatidine Hypertension and heart failure – Ranitidine • Anti-hypertensive vasodilators • Chelates and complexes – Sildenafil – Sucralfate – Sodium nitroprusside (related with rapid reduction of • Prostaglandins analogues blood pressure) – Misoprostol • Centrally-acting anti-hypertensive drugs • Proton pump inhibitors – Clonidine hydrochloride – Esomeprazole – Methyl dopa – Lansoprazole – Moxonidine – Omeprazole • Alpha blockers – Pantoprazole – Doxazosin – Rabeprazole sodium – Terazosin Anti-diarrheal drugs • Drugs used for regulate renin-angiotensin • Gastrointestinal motility inhibitors system – Loperamide hydrochloride – Ace inhibitors Chronic intestinal disorders Captopril • Aminosalicylates Captopril + diuretics – Sulfasalazine Captopril + hydrochlorothiazide • Cytokines inhibitors Cilazapril – Infliximab Cilazapril + diuretics Enalapril maleate Cardiovascular System Enalapril + diuretics Fosinopril Positive inotropes Fosinopril+diuretics • Cardiac glycoside Lisinopril – Digitoxin Lisinopril + diuretics – Digoxin Diuretics Moexipril hydrochloride Diuretics Moexipril + diuretics • Thiazide and related diuretics Perindopril Perindopril + diuretics – Chlorthalidone Quinapril – Hydrochlorotiazide Quinapril + diuretics – Indapamide Ramipril • Potassium-sparing and other diuretics Ramipril+diuretics – Amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide Sacubitril with valsartan Anti-arrhythmics Trandolapril • Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias Trandolapril + calcium channel blockers – Amiodarone hydrochloride – Angiotensin ii receptor blockers Candesartan cilexetil • Statins Candesartan + diuretics – Atorvastatin Eprosartan – Pravastatin sodium Irbesartan – Rosuvastatin Irbesartan + diuretics – Simvastatin Losartan potassium – Simvastatin + ezetimibe Losartan potassium + diuretics • Fish oil Olmesartan medoxomil – Omega-3 acid ethyl esters Olmesartan medoxomil + diuretics • Others Telmisartan – Lomitapide Telmisartan + diuretics Valsartan + diuretics Respiratory System – Piperazine derivates Ranolazine Drugs used in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary – Selective sinus node inhibitors disease Ivabradine • Adrenergic receptor agonists – Renin inhibitors (sympathomimetics) Aliskiren – Beta 2 selective agonists • Nitrates, calcium channel blockers and other Salmeterol drugs used for angina • Antimuscarinic bronchodilators – Nitrates – Tiotropium Nitroglycerin • Xanthines Isosorbide dinitrate – Aminophylline Isosorbine mononitrate Cromoglycate, related therapies and anti-leukotrienes • Calcium channel blockers • Anti-leukotrienes – Amlodipine – Montelukast – Diltiazem hydrochloride – Roflumilast – Felodipine Antihistamines and drugs used for alleric reactions – Isradipine • Non-sedative antihistamines – Lacidipine – Bilastine – Lercanidipine hydrochloride – Cetirizine hydrochloride – Nicardipine hydrochloride – Levocetirizine hydrochloride – Nifedipine • Sedative antihistamines – Nifedipine + atenolol – Cyproheptadine hydrochloride – Nisoldipine – Hydroxyzine hydrochloride – Verapamil hydrochloride – Ketotifen • Peripheral vasodilators and related drugs – Hydroxyzine hydrochloride – Pentoxifylline • Allergen immunotherapy Sympathomimetics – Omalizumab • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Drugs used in hereditary angioedema – Adrenaline • Complementary regolatory proteins Parenteral anticoagulants – Contest alfa – Fondaparinux Anti-platelet agents – Clopidogrel bisulfate Central Nervous System – Dipyridamole – Ticagrelor Hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs Peripheral vasodilators • Hypnotics – Moxisylyte – Benzodiazepines Anti-fibrinolytic and hemostatic drugs Diazepam – Tranexamic acid (in rapid intravenous injection) Blood Flurazepam derivatives Lormetazepam – Human coagulation factor VIII Nitrazepam – Human coagulation factor IX Temazepam Lipid – lowering medications – Zaleplon, zolpidem e zopiclone • Fibrates Zaleplon – Bezafibrate Zolpidem tartrate – Ciprofibate Zopiclone – Fenofibrate – Sodium oxybate – Gemfibrozil Sodium oxybate • Anxiolytics – Dexamfetamine sulfate – Benzodiazepines – Metilphenidate hydrochloride Alprazolam – Modafinil Chlordiazepoxide Drugs used in nausea and vertigo Diazepam • Serotonin antagonists (5-ht3 receptor Lorazepam antagonists) Oxazepam – Dolasetron mesylate – Buspirone – Ondansetrone Buspirone hydrochloride – Palonosetron – Meprobamate – Palonosetron with netupitnat Meprobamate – Tropisetron Barbiturates • Neurokinin receptor antagonists • Phenobarbital – Aprepitant Drugs used for psychosis and related disorders • Cannabinoids • Lithium salts – Nabilone – Lithium salts • Scopolamine • Antipsychotics first generation – Scopolamine hydrobromide – Zuclopenthixol Analgesics – Zuclopenthixol decanoate • Non opioid analgesic • Atypical antipsychotics – Paracetamol + codeine phosphate – Amisulpride • Opioid analgesics – Aripiprazole – Buprenorphine – Clorazepate dipotassium – Fentanyl – Lurasidone hydrochloride – Methadone hydrochloride – Olanzapine – Morphine – Quetiapine – Oxycodone hydrochloride – Risperidone – Pentazocine Antidepressants – Pethidine hydrochloride • Tricyclic antidepressants and related drugs – Tramadol – Tricyclic antidepressant • Neuropathic pain (trigeminal neuralgia) Amitriptyline hydrochloride – Carbamazepine Amitriptyline hydrochloride + perphenazine – Oxcarbazepine Clomipramine hydrochloride Anti migraine drugs Dosulepin hydrochloride – Migraine acute treatment Doxepin Nsaids Fluphenazine/nortriptyline – 5-hydroxy tryptamine agonists Imipramine hydrochloride Almotriptan Nortriptyline Eletriptan Trimipramine Frovatriptan – Related antidepressant Rizatriptan Mianserin hydrochloride Sumatriptan Trazodone hydrochloride Zolmitriptan • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors – Ergot alkaloids drugs – Citalopram Ergotamine tartrate – Escitalopram – Migraine prophylaxis – Fluoxetine Pizotifen – Fluvoxamine maleate Antiepileptic drugs – Paroxetine • Epilepsy control – Sertraline – Brivaracetam • Melatonin receptor agonists – Carbamazepine – Agomelatine – Clobazam • Other antidepressants – Clonazepam – Buspirone hydrochloride – Eslicarbazepine acetate – Duloxetine – Ethosuximide – Mirtazapine – Gabapentin – Reboxetine – Lacosamide – Venlafaxina – Lamotrigine Central nervous system stimulants and drugs used for – Levetiracetam attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity – Oxcarbazepine – Atomoxetine – Perampanel – Phenytoin – Loprazolam – Pregabalin Non-benzodiazepines hypnotics and sedatives – Primidone – Melatonin – Retigabine Central nervous system depressants – Rufinamide – Pitolisant – Tiagabine – Modafinil – Topiramate – Vigabatrin Infectious Diseases – Zonisamide • Drugs used for status epilepticus Antibiotics – Clonazepam • Penicillins – Diazepam – Broad-spectrum penicillins – Midazolam – Amoxycillin + clavulanate – Phenytoin sodium • Cephalosporins and other beta lactamase – Lorazepam – Cephalosporins and cephamycins Parkinsonism and related disorders drugs Cefaclor • Dopaminergic drugs used for parkinsonism Cefadroxil – Dopamine receptor agonists Cefazolin sodium Cabergoline Cefixime Levodopa + benserazide Cefotaxime Levodopa + carbidopa Cefpodoxime Levodopa + carbidopa + entacapone Cefprozil Lisuride maleate Cefradine Pergolide Ceftazidime Pramipexole Ceftriaxone Ropinirole Cefuroxime – Monoamine oxidase b inhibitors Cephalexin Resagiline • Other beta lactamase antibiotics Selegiline hydrochloride – Aztreonam – Catechol o methyltransferase inhibitors – Ertapenem Amantadine hydrochloride – Imipenem + cilastatin Entacapone • Tetracycline – Antimuscarinic drugs used for parkinsonism – Minocycline Orphenadrine hydrochloride – Lymecycline Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride – Tigecicline –Drugs used for essential tremor, corea, tic and • Aminoglycosides related disorders – Tobramycin Riluzole • Macrolides –Torsional dystonia and other involuntary – Telithromycin movements • Metronidazole and tinidazole Botulinum toxin A – Metronidazole Piracetam – Tinidazole Drugs addiction • Fluoroquinolones • Alcohol dependence – Ciprofloxacin – Benzodiazepines – Levofloxacin • Cigarette smoke – Moxifloxacin – Bupropion – Norfloxacin – Nicotine drug facts – Ofloxacin – Varenicicline • Other antibiotics • Opioid dependence – Daptomycin – Buprenorphine – Linezolid – Methadone hydrochloride – Nitrofurantoin – Naltrexone hydrochloride – Quinupristin + dalfopristin Drugs used for dementia – Pivmecillinam hydrochloride – Donepezil hydrochloride • Polymyxin antibiotics – Galantamine – Colistimethate sodium – Memantine hydrochloride – Colistin – Rivastigmine • Sulfonamides and trimethoprim • Sleep disorders (insomnia) – Sulfadiazine Benzodiazepines – Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim – Peginterferon alfa Antituberculosis drugs Antiprotozoal agents – Isoniazid • Antimalarial – Fosfomycin – Mefloquine – Rifampicin – Proguanil hydrochloride + atovaquone – Rifampicin + isoniazid – Pyrimethamine with sulfadoxine – Rifaximin – Quinine Antifungal drugs • Anti-parasitic drugs against amoeba and – Fluconazole trichomonas – Flucytosine – Metronidazole – Griseofulvin –Tinidazole – Isavuconazole • Leishmaniasis – Itraconazole – Sodium stibogluconate – Posaconazole • Anti-pneumocystosis drugs – Terbinafinae – Pentamidine isethionate – Voriconazole – Proguanil hydrochloride + atovaquone Antiviral drugs Antihelmintic drugs • Human immunodeficiency virus • Anti-cestode parasites drugs – Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors – Teniacide Abacavir Niclosamide Abacavir + lamivudine Abacavir + lamivudina+zidovudine Endocrine System Didanosine Emtricitabine Anti-diabetic agents Emtricitabine + tenofovir • Oral blood-glucose-lowering drugs Lamivudinae – Sulfonylurea class Stavudine Glipizide Tenofovir disoproxil – Other oral blood-glucose-lowering drugs Zidovudine Pioglitazone Zidovudine + lamivudine Pioglitazone + metformin – Protease inhibitors Corticosteroids Atazanavir • Glucocorticoid steroids Darunavir – Betamethasone Fosamprenavir – Deflazacort Indinavir – Dexamethasone Lopinavir + ritonavir – Hydrocortisone Ritonavir – Methylprednisolone Saquinavir – Triamcinolone Tipranavir Female sex hormones – Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors • Estrogens and hormone replacement therapy Efavirenz – Estradiol – Other antiretroviral drugs – Estradiol + progestin Enfuvirtide – Estriol • Herpes virus infection – Estrogens conjugated + progestin – Herpes simplex and zoster – Ethinylestradiol Acyclovir – Tibolone Famcyclovir • Progestinics Inosine pranobex – Dydrogesterone Valacyclovir – Medroxyprogesterone acetate – Citomegalovirus – Norethisterone Foscarnet sodium – Norethisterone + estradiol Valgancyclovir – Progesterone • Viral hepatitis Hypothalamic-hypophyseal hormones – Entecavir • Hypothalamic, adenohypophyseal hormones • Flu and antiestrogens – Amantadine hydrochloride – Antiestrogens – Oseltamivir Clomiphene citrate • Human respiratory syncytial virus • Adenohypophyseal hormones – Ribavirin – Growth hormone receptor antagonists • Other antivirals drugs Pegvisomant Drugs used for genito-urinary disorders Thyrotropin alfa • Drugs used for urinary retention • Corticotrphins – Alpha blockers – Tetracosactide Alfuzosin hydrochloride • Neurohypophyseal hormones and antagonists Doxazosin – Neurohypophyseal hormones Prazosin Terlipressin Tamsulosin hydrochloride Vasopressin Terazosin Bone metabolism regulators Drugs used for urinary disorders and incontinence • Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone • Urinary incontinence – Parathyroid hormone – Duloxetine – Salmon calcitonin – Fesoterodine fumarate – Teriparatide – Flavoxate hydrochloride • Bisphosphonates and other bone metabolism – Oxibutynin hydrochloride regulators – Tolterodine tartrate – Bisphosphonates Drugs used in erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction Alendronate • Erectile dysfunction Pamidronate – Alprostadil Risedronate • Premature ejaculation Zoledronate – Selective serotonine re-uptake inhibitors Other endocrine drugs Dapoxetine • Gonadotropins regulators Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors – Antagonists and inhibitors – Sildenafil Danazol – Tadalafil Ganirelix – Vardenafil – Gonadorelin analogue Buserelin Goserelin Tumors and Immunosuppresssion Leuprorelin acetate Triptorelin Cytotoxic drugs • Vinca alkaloid and etoposide – Etoposide Obstetric, Gynecology and Urology – Vinblastine solphate – Vincristine solphate Obstetric drugs – Vindesine solphate • Prostaglandins and oxytocic drugs – Vinflunine – Carboprost • Taxanes – Dinoprostone – Cabazitaxel – Ergometrine maleate – Paclitaxel – Gemeprost • Anthracyclines and related drugs • Tocolytic drugs – Mitoxantrone – Atosiban – Pixantrone Drugs used for vaginal atrophy • Alkylating agents • Topical hormone replacement therapy – Ifosfamide – Topical estrogens • Antimetabolites Hormonal contraceptives – Capecitabine • Vaginal route – Methotrexate – Etonogestrel + ethinylestradiol – Tegafur with gimeracil and oteracil • Oestrogens combined with progestogens – Trifluridine with tipiracil – Dienogest with estradiol valerate • Cytotoxic antibiotics and related substance – Ethinylestradiol with norgestimate – Mitomycin Emergency contraception (post-coital) – Mitotane • Hormonal methods • Retinoid and related drugs – Levonorgestrel – Bexarotene – Ulipristal acetate Progestin contraceptives Cytotoxic drug-induced side effects • Progestin contraceptives (oral route) • Iron chelators Sex hormone responsive conditions – Dexrazoxane • Anti-oestrogens Protein kinase inhibitors Clomifene citrate – Dasatinib – Imatinib – Midostaurin • Drugs used in hypoplastic and hemolytic – Nilotinib anemias and in anemia in kidney diseases – Sorafenib – Iron-chelating agents – Sunitinib Deferoxamine mesylate – Tivozanib – Monoclonal antibodies Monoclonal antibodies Eculizumab – Catumaxomab • Drugs used for treatment of essential – Cetuximab thrombocytosis – Trastuzumab – Anagrelide Proteasome inhibitors • Drugs used for treatment of idiopathic – Bortezomib thrombocytopenic purpura Other antineoplastic drugs – Eltrombopag – Eribulin – Romiplostim Minerals – Tretinoin • Hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuric Drugs altering immune system response – Cinacalcet • Drugs suppressing the immune system • Phosphate imbalance – Azathioprine – Calcium acetate with magnesium carbonate – Mefenamic acid – Lanthanum • cell activation inhibitors T- Vitamins Belatacept • Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressors • Vitamins d – Calcineurin inhibitors and related drugs – Alfacalcidol Tacrolimus – Calcitriol – Thalidomide and related anologues – Cholecalciferol Lenalidomide – Dihydrotachysterol Pomalidomide – Ergocalciferol • Immunostimolants – Paricalcitol – Alemtuzumab Metabolic disorders – Mifamurtide • Drugs used for metabolic disorders – Interferon alfa – Fabry disease • Other immunomodulator drugs Agalsidase alfa - beta – Canakinumab – Gaucher disease – Natalizumab Imiglucerasi Sex hormones and hormone antagonists in tumors Miglustat • Progestinics – Medroxyprogesterone acetate Muscle Skeletal System – Megestrol acetate – Norethisterone Drugs used in rheumatological diseases and gout • Hormone antagonists • Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs – Breast cancer – Aceclofenac – Exemestane – Acemetacin – Letrozole – Celecoxib – Toremifene – Dexibuprofene • Prostate cancer and gonadotropin releasing – Dexketoprofene hormone agonist – Diclofenac + misoprostol – Buserlin – Diclofenac potassium – Flutamide – Diclofenac sodium – Goserelin – Etodolac – Leuprorelin acetate – Etoricoxib – Triptorelin – Fenoprofen – Flurbiprofen Blood and Nutrition – Ibuprofen – Indomethacin Anemia and other hematic disorders – Ketoprofen • Iron deficiency anemia – Mefenamic acid – Iron injection for anemia – Meloxicam Iron sucrose injection – Nabumetone • Drugs used in megaloblastic anemia – Naproxen – Hydroxocobalamin – Piroxicam – Sulindac – Brinzolamide – Tenoxicam – Brinzolamide with brimonidine – Tiaprofenic acid – Dorzolamide • Drugs modifying the rheumatic diseases course – Dorzolamide + timolol – Antimalarial drugs • Prostaglandines analogues and prostamides Hydroxichloroquine sulphate – Travoprost • Drugs modifying the immune response Diagnostic and perioperative preparations, – Azathioprine photodynamic treatment – Leflunomide • Perioperative ocular drugs – Metotrexate – Aproclonidin • Cytokines inhibitors – Diclofenac sodium – Adalimumab – Flurbiprofen sodium – Infliximab – Sulfasalazine Ear, Nose and Oropharynx • T-Cell activation inhibitors – Abatacept Anti-inflammatory steroids and associated antimicrobial • Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors – Ciprofloxacin + hydrocortisone – Certolizumab pegol Drugs used for oropharynx • Gout and hyperuricemia cytotoxic drugs • Drugs used for oral ulceration and inflammation induced – Flurbiprofen – Gout long-term control • Treatment of oral dryness Allopurinol – Systemic treatment Drugs used in neuromuscolar diseases Pilocarpine hydrochloride • Skeletal muscle relaxants – Baclofen – Dantrolene sodium Skin – Diazepam – Tizanidine Eczema and psoriasis preparations • Spasticity • Immune response regulators – Cannabis extract – Azathioprine – Methocarbamol – Infliximab – Metotrexate Acne and rosacea Eye Medicaments • Topical anti acne preparations – Topical retinoids and anti acne preparations
Tretinoin Antinfective eye preparations Protective substances against uv radiations • Antibacterial • Photodamage – Ciprofloxacin – Diclofenac sodium – Levofloxacin Anti infective skin preparations – Ofloxacin • Anti mycotic preparations Corticosteroids and other anti inflammatory preparations – Ketoconazole • Other anti inflammatory preparations
– Lodoxamide – Olopatadine Immunological Medicines and Vaccines Mydriatic and cycloplegics • Antimuscarinics – Diphteria, tetanus vaccine adsorbed – Atropine solphate – Haemophilus Bn (meningococcal protein conjugate) – Cyclopentolate hydrochloride Hepatitis B vaccine recombinant – Homatropine bromhydrate – Hepatitis A inactivated & Hepatitis B (recombinant) – Tropicamide vaccine Glaucoma treatment – Hepatitis B vaccine (RDNA) • Beta blockers – Japanese encephalitis vaccine – Timolol maleate – Oral cholera vaccine • Sympathomimetics – Tetanus vaccine – Brimonidine tartrate – Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine, inactivated – Brimonidine tartrate + timolol Meningococcal vaccine • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and systemic • Meningococcal group c polysaccharide drugs – Conjugate vaccine – Acetazolamide – Meningococcal ACWY vaccine
Anesthesia
General anesthesia • Intravenous anesthetics – Propofol • Antimuscarinic drugs – Atropine – Scopolamine hydrobromide • Perioperative analgesic and sedative drugs – Anxiolytics and neuroleptics Diazepam Lorazepam Midazolam Temazepam – Non-steroidal antiinflammtory drugs Ketorolac trometamol Parecoxib – Opioids analgesics Alfentanil Fentanyl Remifentanil • Drugs used in malignant hyperthermia – Dantrolene sodium Local anesthesia • Lidocaine – Lidocaine hydrochloride
Emergency
Benzodiazepine antagonists – Flumazenil
– Thalidomide and related anologues Sub-Index A4 Lenalidomide Drugs inducing generic hearing Sex hormones and hormone antagonists in tumors • Hormone antagonists disorders – Prostate cancer and gonadotropin releasing hormone Drugs with reporting by pharmaceutical company and/or agonist health agency as “drugs inducing generic hearing Buserelin disorders”; these drugs can induce generic hearing and/or vestibular disorders without specific ototoxic Blood and Nutrition effects.
Anemia and other hematic disorders Central Nervous System • Drugs used in hypoplastic and hemolytic anemias and in anemia in kidney diseases Hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs – Iron-chelating agents • Hypnotics Deferoxamine mesylate – Zaleplon, zolpidem e zopiclone Zaleplon Muscle Skeletal System Zolpidem tartrate
Antiepileptic drugs Drugs used in rheumatological diseases and gout • Epilepsy control • Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs – Pregabalin (hyperacusia) – Acemetacin Anti migraine drugs – Etodolac • Migraine acute treatment – Fenoprofen – Tolfenamidic acid Drugs used in neuromuscolar diseases
• Skeletal muscle relaxants Infectious Diseases – Limbs night cramps Quinine Antibiotics • Fluoroquinolones Eye Medicaments – Ciprofloxacin
– Levofloxacin Antinfective eye preparations – Moxifloxacin • Antibacterial – Norfloxacin – Ciprofloxacin – Ofloxacin – Levofloxacin Antifungal drugs Glaucoma treatment – Posaconazole • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and systemic – Voriconazole drugs Antiviral drugs – Acetazolamide • Flu
– Oseltamivir Antiprotozoal agents Ear, Nose and Oropharynx • Antimalarial – Quinine Anti-inflammatory steroids and associated antimicrobial • Ciprofloxacin + hydrocortisone Endocrine System Skin Other endocrine drugs • Gonadotropins regulators Acne and rosacea – Gonadorelin analogue Buserelin • Topical anti acne preparations – Topical retinoids and anti acne preparations Tretinoin Tumors and Immunosuppresssion Anti acne preparations (oral route) • Oral retinoid used for acne
• Isotretinoin Cytotoxic drugs Anti infective skin preparations • Other antineoplastic drugs • Anti mycotic preparations – Tretinoin – Terbinafine Drugs altering immune system response • Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressors Anesthesia – Calcineurin inhibitors and related drugs Tacrolimus General anesthesia • Perioperative analgesic and sedative drugs – Non-steroidal antiinflammtory drugs Ketorolac trometamol Parecoxib