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Richard Wagner Richard Wagner Richard Wagner (1813 ––– 1883) Gua de lectura n. 21 Abril 2013 Wilhelm Richard Wagner (Leipzig, actual Alemania, 1813-Venecia, Italia, 1883) C mp sit r, direct r de rquesta, p eta, ensayista, dramaturg y te$ric musical alem%n del R manticism . Este gran maestr del teatr musical naci$ en la ciudad alemana de Leipzig, en 1813. Su d ble talent p *tic y musical l llev$ al camp de la $pera (que necesita ambas c sas) per l hiz rebelarse c ntra l s argument s superficiales in-tilmente sangrient s de l s que gustaban especialmente l s m-sic s italian s. Aunque Wagner pr%cticamente s$l c mpus para la escena, su influencia en la m-sica es un hech incuesti nable. Las grandes c rrientes musicales surgidas c n p steri ridad, desde el e.presi nism hasta el impresi nism , p r c ntinuaci$n p r reacci$n, encuentran en *l su verdader rigen, hasta el punt de que algun s cr/tic s s stienen que t da la m-sica c ntemp r%nea nace de la arm n/a, rica en cr matism s, en dis nancias n resueltas, de 0rist%n e Is lda. Las bras de Wagner 1c n la insignificante e.cepci$n de algun s ensay s 2uveniles1 se mantienen h y t das en l s grandes teatr s l/ric s del mund enter , c m cas -nic en la hist ria. 2 3e f rmaci$n aut didacta, sus pr gres s en la c mp sici$n fuer n lent s y dif/ciles, agravad s p r una inestable situaci$n financiera, la necesidad de dedicarse a tareas ingratas (transcripci nes de partituras, direcci$n de teatr s pr vincian s) y las dificultades para dar a c n cer sus c mp sici nes. La primera bra de imp rtancia es 4El buque fantasma4, que narra la hist ria de un navegante c ndenad a errar p r l s mares, y su redenci$n p r el fiel am r de una muchacha. 40annhauser4 fue la bra siguiente, y despu*s 4L hengrin4, tratand epis di s de la rem ta hist ria germana y mezcl%nd l s c n figuras fant%sticas. 5asta ese m ment la vida de Wagner es la c m-n a l s 2$venes m-sic s que buscan emple en l s teatr s escaland p sici nes. Per Wagner aband na esta carrera huyend de Riga a Par/s, d nde l esperan amarg s a7 s. 8inalmente es c ntratad c m direct r de rquesta en la Opera de 3resde. 3e all/ ha de huir tra vez 1esta vez p r raz nes p l/ticas1 en 1849, c n la partitura del 4L hengrin4 reci*n terminada; se dirige a Weimar d nde reside Liszt, le entrega la bra (que Liszt en 1850 estrena sin que Wagner pueda asistir) y recibe ayuda para refugiarse en Suiza. 3 All/ reside lueg larg s a7 s. Las bras que siguen s n: 40rist%n e Is lda4, 4L s maestr s cant res de N-remberg4 y el cicl 4El anill de l s Nibelung s4, que c nsta de cuatr dramas: 4El r del Rin4, 4La Walquiria4, 4Sigfrid 4 y 4El cas de l s di ses4. La vida de Wagner sigue en dram%tic s altiba2 s. Regresa a la patria per l s teatr s n ac gen sus bras. 5asta que un d/a el 2 ven rey de Aaviera, Luis II, r m%ntic *l mism c m l s dramas de Wagner, invita a *ste a residir a su lad y a estrenar sus Bnuevas bras en el teatr de la c rte de Cunich. 5acia el final de su vida, Wagner, ah ra celebrad e imp rtant/sim , c nstruye en la ciudad de Aayreuth su pr pi teatr , que hasta el d/a de h y n frece sin sus bras. Para este 0eatr de l s 8estivales c mp ne su -ltima bra, 4Parsifal4. D en Aayreuth fue sepultad c m un rey, despu*s de haber muert en Venecia repentinamente, d nde se hab/a retirad para recuperarse de su enfermedad en 1883. 4 Msica y religi n: Mozart, Wagner, Bruckner / Hans Küng; traducci n de Jorge Deike Madrid: Trotta, 2008 78 KUN mus Wagner: discograf*a recomendada, obra completa comentada /-ngel/-ngel..../ernando/ernando Mayo Barcelona: 0en*nsula, 1228 3u*as Scherzo; 6 78 WA3 may Wagner / Charles Osborne; pr logo, Angel /ern:ndez Mayo Barcelona: Salvat, 12812855 78 WA3 osb Wagner: su vida y los argumentos de sus peras / Nicol:s Barquet 2> edici n Barcelona: Juventud, 1222 782 BAR wag Al Wagner de las ideolog*as: evoluci n intelectual y pirueta pol*tica: NietzscheNietzsche....WagnerWagner / Aduardo 0Br0Brezez Maseda. Madrid: Ministerio de Cultura, Direcci n 3eneral de Msica y Teatro, 128C Dep 20762C Richard Wagner. 18211821....1864:1864: su vida, su obra, su siglo / Martin 3regor3regor....Dellin;Dellin; versi n espaEola de AngelAngel..../ernando/ernando Mayo AntoEanzas Madrid: Alianza, 128C Obra en 2 volmenes Dep 211221211221....211222211222 5 Novelas y pensamientos / Richard Wagner; introducci n, traducci n y notas de Ficente Blasco Ib:Eez; pr logo de Rafael 3arc*a Alonso Madrid: Lipari Adiciones, 12251225 Dep 212188 Das RheingRheingold:old: Der Ring des Nibelungen / Richard Wagner IntBrpretes: /alk Struckmann, Wolfgang Rauch, Jeffre Dowd, 3raham Clark, 3ünter von Kannen DFD 722 O0A ani Siegfried: Der Ring des Nibelungen / Richard Wagner. IntBrpretes: /alk Struckmann, WolWolfgangfgang Rauch, JeffreJeffre Dowd, 3raham Clark, 3ünter von Kannen DFD 722 O0A ani Die Walkure: Der Ring des Nibelungen / Richard Wagner IntBrpretes: /alk Struckmann, Wolfgang Rauch, Jeffre Dowd, 3raham Clark, 3ünter von Kannen DFD 722 O0A aanininini Das Rheingold: vorabend zu dem Bühnenfestspiel IDer Ring des NibelungenI in einem Aufzug und vier Szenen T*tulo en espaEol: Al oro del Rhin IntBrpretes: Robert Hale; Hanna Schwarz; Nancy 3ustafson; Aike Wilm Schulte; Thomas Sunnegardh; Kim Begley; 0eter Schreier;Schreier; Alena Jaremba; /ranz/ranz....JosefJosef Kapellmann; Jan Hendrik Rootering; Walter /in/ink;k; 3abriele /ontana; Ildiko Komlosi; Margareta Hintermeier; The Cleveland Orchestra; Christoph von Dohn:nyi 0CD O0A wag 6 Die Walküre / Richard WagnerWagner. InInIntBrpretes:IntBrpretes: Jon Fickers; 3rB Brouwenstijn; David WarWard;d; 3eorge London; Birgit Nilsson; Rita 3orr; Marie Collier; Julia Malyon; Margreta Alkins; Joan Adwards; Judith 0ierce; Noreen Berry; Maureen 3uy; Josephine Feasey; London Symphony Orchestra; director: AriArichch Leinsdorf 0CD O0A wag 3LtterdMmmerung: Dritter tag des Bühnenfestpiels IDer Ring des NibelungenI N Third day of the stagestage....festivalfestival drama IThe Ring of the NibelungI N TroisiOme journBe du festival scBnique ILPanneau du NibelungI N Terza giornagiornatata della tetralogia ILPanello del NibelungoI / Richard Wagner. 3rammy Award 1282 IOpera of the yearI IntBrpretes: Manfred Jung; /ranz Mazura; /ritz Hübner; Hermann Becht; 3wyneth Jones; Jeannine Altmeyer; 3wendolyn Killebrew; Chor und Orchester der BayBayreutherreuther /estspiele, director, 0ierre0ierre Boulez; chorus master Norbert Balatsch 0CD O0A wag Die Walküre / Richard Wagner Libreto de Richard Wagner Ilustraciones, AndrB Carrillo Traductor del libreto, Aitor Laiseca Al libro incluye el libreto de la pera en alem:n y espaEol 3rabado en Fiena en septiembre y octubre de 1254 IntBrpretes: Martha MLdl, Leonnie Rysanek, /erdinand /rantz, Ludwig Suthaus, Maargarete Klose Orquesta /ilarm nica de Fiena; director, Wilhelm /urtwMngler 0CD O0O0AA wag 7 Idilio de Sigfrido; La valquiria ICabalgata de las valquiriasI; Msica del fuego m:gico; Al oro del Rin IAntrada de los dioses en FalhallaI; Sigfrido IMurmullos del bosqueI; Al ocaso de los dioses IAmanecer y viaje de Sigfrido por el RinI; Marcha ffnebrenebre de Sigfrido; 0arsifal INun achte wohlwohlQQQJumJum letzten LiebesmahleI ; TannhMuser ICoro de peregrinosI / Richard Wagner IntBrpretes: Fera SchlLser, Berit Lindholm, Kirsten /lagstad, Oda Balsborg, Hetty 0lumacher, Birgit Nilsson, Helga Dernesch sopranos; Brigitte /assbaender, Fera Little, Marilyn Tyler, Claudia Hellmann, Ira Malaniuk mezzosopranos; Helen Watts contralto; Aberhard WMchter, Fictor Braun bar*tonos; Hans Hotter, 3ottlob /rick bajos; Waldemar Kmentt, Set Svanholm, Wolfgang Windgassen tenores; 3eorge London bajobajo....bar*tono;bar*tono; Coro de la Opera de Fiena; Orquesta /ilar/ilarm nicam nica de Fiena, director 3eorge Solti 0CD O0A wag Der Ring des Nibelungen: HLhepunkte N Highlights N ARtraits / Richard Wagner T*tulo en espaEol: Al anillo de los nibelungnibelungosos IntBrpretes: Berliner 0hilharmoniker, Herbert von Karajan 0CD O0A wag Die Walküre / Richard Wagner. T*tulo en espaEol: La Walkyria IntBrpretes: Jon Fickers; 3rB Brouwenstijn; David Ward; 3eorge London; Birgit Nilsson; Rita 3orr; Marie CCollier;ollier; JuliaJulia Malyon; Margreta Alkins; Joan Adwards; Judith 0ierce; Noreen Berry; Maureen 3uy; Josephine Feasey; London Symphony Orchestra; director: Arich Leinsdorf 0CD O0A wag 8 Das Rheingold: vorabend zu dem Bühnenfestspiel IDer Ring des NibeluNibelungenIngenI in einem Aufzug und vier Szenen / Richard Wagner. T*tulo en espaEol: Al oro del Rhin IntBrpretes: Robert Hale; Hanna Schwarz; Nancy 3ustafson; Aike Wilm Schulte; Thomas Sunnegardh; Kim Begley; 0eter Schreier; Alena Jaremba; /ranz/ranz....JosefJosef Kapellmann; Jan Hendrik Rootering; Walter /ink;/ink; 3abriele /ontana; Ildiko Komlosi; Margareta Hintermeier; The Cleveland Orchestra; Christoph von Dohn:nyi 0CD O0A wag Al oro del Rhin / Richard Wagner. Libreto original de Richard Wagner Traducci n, estudiestudioo y comentarios musicales de RogerRoger Alier Comentario discogr:fico de Albert Astany 3u*a de audici n con libreto original, traducido y comentado Libreto en italiano y traducci n en espaEol T WA3 oro La Falquiria: libreto alem:nalem:n....castellanocastellano / RiRichardchard Wagner; introducci n y comentarios de Kurt 0ahlen, con la colaboraci n de Rosemarie Konig; traducci n Maria Antonieta 3regor, traducci n del libreto Carlos A Duverges; revisi n musical Walter Rosenberg Buenos Aires: Javier Fergara, 1222 DDDepDep 211214 Al anillo del Nibelungo: un festival escBnico para representar en tres jornadas y un pr logo / Richard Wagner; edici n bilingüe de -ngel /ernando Mayo AntoEanzas Madrid: Turner, 2008 Contiene: Al oro del Rin; la Walkyria; Sigfrido; el ocaso de los dioses Libreto en alem:n y castellano 782 WA3 an 9 Der /liegende HollMnder: Bayreuther /estspiele 1285: romantische oper in drei aufzügen / Richard Wagner.
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