SIMON & SCHUSTER’S PIMSLEUR ®

eastern II

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Graphic Design: Maia Kennedy

© and ‰ Recorded Program 2006 Simon & Schuster, Inc. © Reading Booklet 2006 Simon & Schuster, Inc. Pimsleur® is an imprint of Simon & Schuster Audio, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. Mfg. in USA. All rights reserved. acknowledgments Eastern Arabic II

Voices English-Speaking Instructor ...... Ray Brown Arabic-Speaking Instructor ...... Baraa Zuhaili Female Arabic Speaker ...... Dima Orsho Male Arabic Speaker...... Khalil Younes

Course Writers Dr. Mahdi Alosh ♦ Mary E. Green

Editors Elisabeth B. Heinle ♦ Beverly D. Heinle

Executive Producer Beverly D. Heinle

Reviewer Zuheir Alidib

Producer & Director Sarah H. McInnis

Recording Engineers Peter S. Turpin ♦ Kelly Saux

Simon & Schuster Studios, Concord, MA

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table of contents Reading Lessons

Arabic Dialects ...... 1 The Written System ...... 2 The ...... 3 Introduction to Readings ...... 7 Arabic Alphabet Chart ...... 8 Diacritical Marks ...... 12 Lesson One ...... 13 Lesson Two ...... 14 Lesson Three ...... 15 Lesson Four ...... 16 Lesson Five ...... 17 Lesson Six ...... 18 Lesson Seven ...... 19 Lesson Eight ...... 20 Lesson Nine ...... 21 Lesson Ten ...... 22 Lesson Eleven ...... 23 Lesson Twelve ...... 24 Lesson Thirteen ...... 25 Lesson Fourteen ...... 26 Lesson Fifteen ...... 27 Lesson Sixteen ...... 28 Lesson Seventeen ...... 29 Lesson Eighteen ...... 31 Lesson Nineteen ...... 33

v For more information, call 1-800-831-5497 or visit us at www.Pimsleur.com eastern arabic II

Arabic Dialects

There are many spoken throughout the Arab world, including North Africa. Of the hundreds of known dialects, the spoken varieties with the largest number of speakers are grouped, on the basis of similarity in vocabulary and syntax, into the following:

• Syrian Arabic - (as taught in this course) spoken in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Jordan • - spoken in urban Egypt • Gulf Arabic - spoken in Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, the Emirates (Qatar), Oman, Bahrain, and Eastern Saudi Arabia • Iraqi Arabic - spoken in Iraq • North African Arabic - spoken in Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco • Saudi Arabic - spoken in Central and Western Arabia • - spoken in Yemen and southern Saudi Arabia eastern arabic II

The Written System

The written form of the Arabic language, which dates back to pre-Islamic periods, is called “Standard” or “Literary Arabic” and is used and understood throughout the Arab world. It is the form of the language taught in schools and is the default for educated Arabs of any nationality. The written system has also been adopted by neigh- boring countries whose language is not Arabic, such as Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.

Colloquial or “spoken” Arabic, including Syrian Arabic, varies widely by region, sometimes differing enough to be mutually unintelligible. It is considered to be a “dialect,” and is almost never written down. Most educated Arabic speakers are able to easily jump back and forth between standard and dialect, even within the same sentence, with no loss of understanding.

The Arabic writing system is easy to learn and master because the Arabic alphabet has a high corre- spondence between sound and symbol. This means that a is pronounced almost the same in every word position.

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The Arabic Alphabet

The Arabic alphabet contains 28 letters in addition to the (glottal stop) and two variants of existing letters (alif and taa). A number of diacritical marks complement the alphabet. These are signs written above or below the letters; they are listed on page 12, after the alphabet chart. There are two categories of Arabic letters. The first category contains six letters only, which are called “one-way connectors” because they connect only to the “preceding letters” or letters to the right. They do not connect to “following letters” or letters to the left. These are: و ذ ر ز د ا The other 25 letters of the alphabet constitute the letters of the second category. They connect to both preceding letters (to the right) and following letters (to the left), hence the term “two-way connectors.”

The alphabet contains three long vowels: alif (aa), (uu), and ya (ii). The latter two function also as consonants, as in “wet” and “yes.” There are three short counterparts of these vowels represented by diacritical marks: the fatHa (a), the damma (u), and the kasra (i). They are about half as long. A tiny

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The Arabic Alphabet (continued) circle written above a consonant is called a sukuun and represents the absence of a vowel.

The mark that resembles a tiny “w” is called . It signifies a doubled consonant. For example, this mark over the letter “t” makes the word pronounced /sit-tah/ rather than /sitah/.

A complete listing of the Arabic alphabet has been included for your reference, beginning on page 8. It is shown in two 2-page spreads, reading right to left. Each letter has four different representations, depending on its position within a word and includes the forms that the connectors assume in different word positions. There is an independent form, as well as a beginning, a middle, and an end form. The term “initial” means the first letter of the word starting from the right, “medial” means all the letters in the middle, and “final” refers to the last letter of the word, on the left. This is to be used only as a guide since all of the necessary information for beginning to read in Arabic will be given in the audio portion of the Reading Lessons. In the Readings for this course, you will practice recognition and pronunciation of Arabic letters and combinations of letters, as well as their use in different words and contexts.

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The Arabic Alphabet (continued)

If you are not familiar with the Arabic alphabet, you may at first find that it takes some time to assoc- iate the appropriate sounds with each letter and/or group of letters. Therefore, we recommend that you take the Reading Lessons at your own pace, repeating each until you feel comfortable proceeding to the next. With a little effort, you will be astonished at how quickly you are reading Arabic.

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eastern arabic II

Introduction to Readings

There are nineteen Reading Lessons. The first sixteen Reading Lessons that follow are a review from Level I. They’ll give you a solid introduction to reading Standard Arabic. In the final three Lessons, you’ll have a chance to try “reading” a transcription of three telephone calls. These are written in the Syrian dialect, so you will be able to understand what you are reading. Normally, writing is done only in Standard Arabic, and experienced readers look at the words written in Standard and translate them “on the fly” into dialect.

The recorded portion of the reading materials for Eastern Arabic II will be found at the end of the program. You can do the Readings when it is most convenient for you, either with the units, or entirely after completing the full 30 units. Full instructions on how to proceed are in the recording.

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Arabic Alphabet Chart (continued) (Read from right to left.) Symbol in final medial initial Transliteration Position Position Position ا ـا ـا aa بـ ـبـ ـب b تـ ـتـ ـت t ثـ ـثـ ـث th جـ ـجـ ـج j حـ ـحـ ـح H خـ ـخـ ـخ kh د ـد ـد d ذ ـذ ـذ dh ر ـر ـر r ز ـز ـز z سـ ـسـ ـس s شـ ـشـ ـش sh صـ ـصـ ـص S ضـ ـضـ ـض D

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Arabic Alphabet Chart (Read from right to left.) name name in letter Transliteration ا alif ِألف ب baa باء ت taa تاء ث thaa ثاء ج jiim جيم ح Haa حاء خ khaa خاء د daal دال ذ dhaal ذال ر raa راء ز zay زاي س siin سني ش shiin شني ص Saad صاد ض Daad ضاد

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Arabic Alphabet Chart (continued) (Read from right to left.) Symbol in final medial initial Transliteration Position Position Position ط ـط ـط T ظ ـظ ـظ Dh عـ ـعـ ـع ` غـ ـغـ ـغ gh فـ ـفـ ـف f قـ ـقـ ـق q كـ ـكـ ـك k لـ ـلـ ـل l مـ ـمـ ـم m نـ ـنـ ـن n هـ ـهـ ـه h و ـو ـو uu/w يـ ـيـ ـي ee/y - - ـى aa - - ـة t أإ ـئـ ـأ ـؤ ـئ ٫

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Arabic Alphabet Chart (continued) (Read from right to left.) name name in letter Transliteration ط Taa طاء ظ Dhaa ظاء ع çayn َعني غ َغني ف faa فاء ق qaaf قاف ك kaaf كاف ل laam الم م miim ميم ن nuun نون ه haa هاء و waaw واو ي yaa ياء ى alif maqSuura ِألف َم قصورة ة taa marbuuTa تاء َمربوطة ء hamza َهمزة

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Diacritical Marks (Read from right to left.) Name in name sound letter Transliteration

none ُسكون sukuun ْ no vowel follows, above the letter

a َف ْتحة fatHa َ short vowel, above the letter u َض ّم ة Damma ُ short vowel, above the letter

ِ i َك ْسرة kasra short vowel, below the letter

none َش ّد ة shadda indicates a double consonant, above the letterّ

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Lesson One .1 ا .11 را .2 دا .12 دار .3 داد .13 راد .4 دادا .14 راذ .5 ذا .15 دارا .6 داذ .16 رادا .7 ذاد .17 رادار .8 داذا .18 زا .9 ذادا .19 زار .10 ذاذا .20 زاد 13 eastern arabic II

Lesson Two .1 زادا .11 بار .2 زادار .12 بود .3 زود .13 بادو .4 رادو .14 دابو .5 رود .6 روز .7 دو .8 دوب .9 داب .10 باد

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Lesson Three .1 دور .11 بير .2 ذور .12 ياد .3 زور .13 بادي .4 باب .14 رودي .5 زادو . .6 دي .7 ديد .8 ري .9 دابي .10 ديب

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Lesson Four .1 ذوبي .11 ِثابت .2 رازي .12 َثريد

.3 بوري .13 َيثوب .4 دادي .14 داري .5 بابا .6 بات .7 توب

.8 َبتيد .9 َربيت .10 روث

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Lesson Five .1 تور .11 َدليل .2 روبي .12 َبليد .3 تاب .13 ال .4 ثابو .14 ِبالد .5 زول .6 بيل .7 لَبيب .8 الري .9 ِبالل .10 لودي

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Lesson Six .1 ليزا .11 نان .2 لودي .12 َنبي .3 ليرا .13 ِب ْنت .4 لوز .14 َنبيل

.5 ثول .15 َبنات .6 الذا .16 َب ْين .7 ِتالل .17 نار .8 َوليد .18 َبريد .9 بان .19 َنوال .10 تان .20 ذيب

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Lesson Seven .1 داوي .11 ْإبني .2 باري .12 إذا

.3 َبيان .13 راء .4 َب ْيت .14 َدواء .5 َولَد .15 َبراء .6 تين .16 تاء .7 َأبي .17 َنبات .8 َأديب .18 تيل .9 َأب .10 َأدب 19 eastern arabic II

Lesson Eight .1 أنا .11 الف

.2 إن .12 َب ْرق .3 داء .13 َبريق .4 َنوال .14 َقريب

.5 ُبؤري .15 َيقين .6 ُنؤذي .16 راقي .7 في .17 دافي .8 َفن .18 َفريد .9 َنفير .19 َقرار .10 ريف .20 َقليل

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Lesson Nine .1 لَ َبن .11 َضرير .2 نور .12 َنضير

.3 لَن .13 ُيضير .4 فيل .14 َقدير .5 َثقيل .15 ُندير

.6 َفريق .16 َق ْرض .7 َالفريق .17 َبريق .8 نيل .18 َب ْرد .9 النيل .19 ِبارد .10 َأرض .20 دافي

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Lesson Ten .1 َثري .11 َسفير .2 لَدود .12 بوش .3 َأراضي .13 َش َف ق .4 راس .14 َشفيق

.5 َسرير .15 َب َش ر .6 ساري .16 ريش .7 سوري .17 روسي

.8 َن َس ب .18 َن َش ر .9 َنسيب .19 شوف

.10 َس َف ر .20 َألْف 22 eastern arabic II

Lesson Eleven .1 َبشير .11 َنصير .2 َرف .12 َقصير .3 َزفير .13 شام .4 َفقير .14 مين

.5 َض َر ب .15 مير .6 سيب .16 َسمير .7 باص .17 ريم

.8 صابون .18 َمساء .9 َبصير .19 ميل .10 ِناصر .20 َسالم 23 eastern arabic II

Lesson Twelve .1 َرشيد .11 ُك ُتب .2 َشديد .12 َرفاه .3 َرئيس .13 َبهاء .4 أمين .14 َهناء .5 سوق .15 هادي .6 دينار .16 ِهالل .7 ناس .17 ِكتاب

.8 َمالك .18 َشكيب .9 َكريم .19 َسالم .10 َمكان .20 َرشيق 24 eastern arabic II

Lesson Thirteen .1 صافي .11 داخ

.2 َصديق .12 َبليخ .3 توم .13 ُبخار .4 َب َص ل .14 َبخيل .5 ُفؤاد .15 َخروف

.6 ُسؤال .16 َخ ِش ن .7 سيرة .17 َخ َش ب

.8 قهوة أليسار .18 َسماء .9 َسفيرة .19 َصباح .10 َفقيرة .20 َصالح 25 eastern arabic II

Lesson Fourteen .1 ِصالح .11 َجريدة .2 َصح .12 راح .3 َس َح ر .13 َحديث .4 َحرير .14 َحديثة .5 َب ْح ر .15 ِبقاع .6 َكريمة .16 َربيع .7 َبصيرة .17 َبعيد .8 ُسروج .18 َع َس ل .9 َنسيج .19 َجميل .10 َس َج د .20 َح َج ر 26 eastern arabic II

Lesson Fifteen .1 ِهاتف .11 َب ْغداد .2 َعلي .12 َغريب .3 ِماهر .13 َبالغ .4 َك َش ف .14 سوريا

.5 َخبيرة .15 َسلْوى .6 َبخيل .16 َم ْشفى .7 َجميل .17 َد ْعوى .8 َعصير .18 غالي .9 َفراغ .19 َخ َب ر .10 َبليغ .20 َبليد 27 eastern arabic II

Lesson Sixteen .1 َب ْنك .11 َغلَط .2 شاي .12 باظ .3 َد َفع .13 َغليظ .4 َم ِدافع .14 َفظيع .5 ِجامع .15 َظريف .6 َبالط .16 ِظالم .7 َر َبط .17 غار .8 لَطيفة .18 ِحافظ .9 َطبيب .19 َص ْخ ر .10 َم َط ر .20 َب َط ل 28 eastern arabic II

Lesson Seventeen .1 ألو! مروان؟ .2 إيه، مني عم يحكي؟ .3 أنا آلن --- .4 من نيويورك. .5 آلن! مرحبا آلن! .6 كيفك؟ .7 منيح كتير، شكرا. .8 أنا مسافر --- .9 لسوريا --- .10 بعشرة شباط.

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Lesson Seventeen (continued) .11 عن جد؟ .12 عظيم! .13 حإبقى --- .14 بالشام --- .15 كم أسبوع. .16 منيح كتير. منيح كتير. .17 بدي تزورني --- .18 و حتبقى عندي؟ .19 إيه، إيه، على عيني! .20 شكرا جزيال.

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Lesson Eighteen .1 ألو آلن؟ أنا مروان. .2 مروان، إنت هون بالشام؟ .3 إيه، وصلت الصبح. .4 ممكن اخد تكسي--- .5 لعندك؟ .6 إيه، طبعا، .7 أو ممكن تروح --- .8 بالباص. .9 وبعدين، ---

.10 شو َرأيك نروح --- 31 eastern arabic II

Lesson Eighteen (continued) .11 على مطعم أبو جورج؟ .12 األكل طيب كتير. .13 أحيانا --- .14 بروح لهنيك --- .15 مع رفقاتي . .16 عظيم! بكرة --- .17 شو رأيك نروح حلفلة؟ .18 طيب، في حفلة اخلميس بالليل. .19 ممكن نروح لهنيك مشي . .20 بحب الشام كتير!

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Lesson Nineteen .1 ألو! مروان؟ .2 إيه؟ آلن؟ إنت لسة ِبحلب؟ .3 إيه، حإرجع لنيويورك --- .4 السبت الصبح. .5 كانت رحلة منيحة. شكرا جزيال. .6 عفوا. .7 بحب كمان. .8 آسف مو ممكن إبقى ---

.9 بحلب َمعك، .10 بس كان عندي شغل كتير.

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Lesson Nineteen (continued) .11 بتحكي عربي منيح كتير هلأل. .12 شكرا. ما بحكي كتير. .13 بس بحكي أحسن هلأل. .14 إميتى حتجي --- .15 تزورني بأميركا؟ .16 ممكن نروح ملطعم منيح --- .17 بنيويورك. .18 ممكن حسافر --- .19 لنيويورك بكانون تاني. .20 عظيم!

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