DOCSLIB.ORG

RESPONSE of Aedes Albopictus (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) to TRAPS, ATTRACTANTS, and ADULTICIDES in NORTH CENTRAL FLORIDA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
RESPONSE of Aedes Albopictus (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) to TRAPS, ATTRACTANTS, and ADULTICIDES in NORTH CENTRAL FLORIDA RESPONSE OF Aedes albopictus (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) TO TRAPS, ATTRACTANTS, AND ADULTICIDES IN NORTH CENTRAL FLORIDA By DAVID FRANKLIN HOEL A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2005 Copyright 2005 by David Franklin Hoel To my wife, Joyce; my son, Michael; my daughter, Caroline; and my mother ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I greatly appreciate the Naval Medical and Education and Training Command’s Duty Under Instruction program, for giving me this unique opportunity to pursue a Doctor of Philosophy degree in entomology. This has been my most rewarding educational experience yet. The staff at the United States Department of Agriculture Animal Research Service (USDA ARS), and the Department of Entomology and Nematology provided outstanding support in both personnel and material. They provided for all my research needs and made feel welcome and a part of their team. My supervisory committee is an exceptional group of scientists. Dr. Daniel Kline helped me immensely and guided me soundly through all my research. He provided separate office space, vehicles, materials, lab use, and guidance for all areas of my research as needed and sometimes on very short notice. I can’t thank him enough for all he has done. In addition, he always made time to talk about anything I brought to him regardless of subject. He made me feel like a member of his lab. I have the same feelings for Dr. Jerry Butler who served as a mentor, teacher, and friend during my stay at the University of Florida. In addition, I thank him for his sacrifice of joining my committee even as his retirement was approaching and better things lay ahead for him than laboring over one more graduate student. He and his wife Marilyn have been fun to visit with and always friendly. I gratefully acknowledge Dr. Sandy Allan’s support in all things pertaining to the USDA ARS facilities that I used under her supervision. She was a tremendous help and very forgiving when my little subjects escaped and tormented both iv her and the work staff in the mosquito-rearing facility. Many thanks go to Dr. Steve Valles and Dr. Jack Petersen, both toxicologists, for their guidance and the use of their equipment in my resistance studies. Many others in the Department of Entomology and Nematology and at the USDA ARS deserve special mention. I thank my graduate advisor (Dr. Don Hall) for letting me use his property for my studies and for his overall friendliness and kindness to me while I was there. Dr. Grover Smart, who preceded Dr. Hall, was also kind and helpful. I extend sincere thanks to one of the most helpful and best administrators I’ve ever met: Mrs. Debbie Hall, graduate staff of the Entomology and Nematology Department at the University of Florida (UF). She helped me quickly through my administrative headaches and was also a good friend. Two of my professors deserve special thanks here: Dr. Pauline Lawrence and Dr. Simon Yu taught excellent classes, always had time for questions and visits, and guided me through the difficult subjects of insect physiology and toxicology, respectively. Dr. Gene Gerberg took the time to befriend me, share his rich knowledge and stories of Army entomology, and introduced me to many of his professional associates in the vector and pest control industries. I am indebted to a number of people at USDA ARS Gainesville. Dr. Kline’s laboratory crew (Joyce Urban and Aaron Lloyd) were a tremendous help and among my best friends while I was in Gainesville. They helped me in most aspects of my research, providing support with material, large outdoor cage use, and administrative functions. Dr. Uli Bernier provided lab space for my resistance studies and listened patiently and sympathetically as I whined about Gator football losses to Florida State University. v Thanks go to Dr. Jerry Hogsette for the use of his property in my research, and to Genie White for help with the SAS program. Mosquito control collaborators for my susceptibility study included Ms. Marah Clark of the City of Jacksonville; Mr. Pat Morgan of Indian River Mosquito Control District; Mr. Billy Kelner, Citrus County Mosquito Control District; Ms. Jodi Avila, UF graduate student working in Quincy; and Bill Johnson and Julie Player of Escambia County Mosquito and Rodent Management Division. I give heartfelt thanks to all of them for their help. I was able to return to graduate school partly because of the encouragement and support of Commander Michael O. Mann and Captain Jim Need, both excellent Navy entomologists who are now retired (and Florida Gators too!!). I owe them both a special debt of gratitude for making this opportunity possible, but for helping me toward my career as a Navy entomologist, and for being 2 of the best Commanding Officers I’ve had since I’ve been in the Navy. Special thanks are in order for Dr. Jim Olson of Texas A&M University who started me along the path of medical entomology and has been my most important mentor for the last 20 years. May God bless him for his patience, friendship, and support. Looking back over it all, I think he was the best of the best and I will always remember all that he did for me. My parents, Patricia and Frank Hoel, always encouraged me to work hard and to excel in my educational endeavors. I love them both and think of them everyday. Their investment in time and love paid big dividends in my life. vi Most of all, I thank my wife Joyce for her never-ending support and love for me during this very busy and trying period of my life. She has been a wonderful mother to our 2 angels, Michael and Caroline, and kept our lives sane and in order while I was away from home with my work and studies. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ xii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xiv ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................... xvi CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW OF MOSQUITO TRAPS, ATTRACTANTS, AND ADULTICIDES USED TO CONTROL Aedes albopictus..........................................1 Introduction to Aedes albopictus ..................................................................................1 Ecology of Aedes albopictus .................................................................................2 Distribution............................................................................................................3 Significance of Aedes albopictus in Florida..........................................................5 Medical Significance.............................................................................................6 Literature Review of Mosquito Attractants ..................................................................9 Classification of Mosquito Attractants..................................................................9 Host-Seeking Activity of Mosquitoes .................................................................10 Visual Attractants of Mosquitoes ........................................................................11 Chemical Attractants of Mosquitoes ...................................................................18 Physical Attractants of Mosquitoes.....................................................................21 Introduction to Surveillance and Residential Traps Used for Mosquito Surveillance and Control.........................................................................................24 Carbon Dioxide-Supplemented Traps .................................................................25 Carbon Dioxide-Generating (Propane) Traps .....................................................30 Introduction to Aedes albopictus Adulticide Susceptibility Review ..........................32 Research Objectives....................................................................................................34 2 Aedes albopictus RESPONSE TO ADULT MOSQUITO TRAPS IN LARGE- CAGE TRIALS ..........................................................................................................36 Introduction.................................................................................................................36 Materials and Methods ...............................................................................................39 Large Outdoor-Screened Cages...........................................................................39 Mosquitoes ..........................................................................................................40 viii Description of Traps Tested ................................................................................41 Surveillance Traps...............................................................................................42 Residential Traps.................................................................................................43 Statistical Analysis ..............................................................................................47 Results.........................................................................................................................47 Discussion...................................................................................................................49
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ANA PAULA MIRANDA MUNDIM POMBO Aedes Aegypti
    ANA PAULA MIRANDA MUNDIM POMBO Aedes aegypti: morfologia, morfometria do ovo, desenvolvimento embrionário e aspectos relacionados à vigilância entomológica no Município de São Paulo São Paulo 2016 ANA PAULA MIRANDA MUNDIM POMBO Aedes aegypti: morfologia, morfometria do ovo, desenvolvimento embrionário e aspectos relacionados à vigilância entomológica no Município de São Paulo Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Departamento: Cirurgia Área de concentração: Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres Orientador: Profa. Dra. Maria Angélica Miglino De acordo:_____________________ Orientador São Paulo 2016 Autorizo a reprodução parcial ou total desta obra, para fins acadêmicos, desde que citada a fonte. DADOS INTERNACIONAIS DE CATALOGAÇÃO NA PUBLICAÇÃO (Biblioteca Virginie Buff D’Ápice da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo) T.3421 Pombo, Ana Paula Miranda Mundim FMVZ Aedes aegypti : Morfologia, morfometria do ovo, desenvolvimento embrionário e aspectos relacionados à vigilância entomológica no Município de São Paulo / Ana Paula Miranda Mundim Pombo. -- 2016. 133 f. : il. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. Departamento de Cirurgia, São Paulo, 2016. Programa de Pós-Graduação: Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres. Área de concentração: Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos
    [Show full text]
  • DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) by ULTRA STRUCTURE MICROGRAPHS of EGGS by B
    Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, Vol.44, No.1, April 2014 J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. (JESP), 44(1), 2014: 71 – 77 DISTINGUISHING THE TWO FORMS OF EGYPTIAN AEDES (OCHLEROTATUS) CASPIUS PALIAS SPECIES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) BY ULTRA STRUCTURE MICROGRAPHS OF EGGS By B. A. SOLIMAN1, N. M. WASSIM1, AND J. R. LINLEY2 Department of Zoology1, Suez University, Suez, Egypt and Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory2, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, USA. Abstract Ultrastructure of the two forms autogenous and anautogenous eggs of Aedes (Ochlerotatus ) caspius of Egypt are described using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The eggs of the two forms are slightly boat shape with quite difference in width. Chorionic cells of the ventral surface are ultimately different in both forms in shape, width of reticulum , number and size of tubercles. The chorionic cells of the autogenous form's egg are elongate, narrow and almost curved with unusually wide, outer reticulum contain 2 - 13 large tubercles along with a few number in small size. However, the anautogenous form's egg , the chorionic cells of the ventral surface fairly distinct, very regular in outline with thin reticulum and usually hexagonal, each cell contain one or two large tubercles with many small scattered peripheral tubercles. Fine structure micrographic work of eggs of the Egyptian Ae. caspius provides new morphological evidence that both autogenous and unautogenous forms are certainly different and suggests that those forms are two distinct species. Key Words: Mosquitoes, Aedes caspius, Eggs, Scanning Electron Microscope. Introduction a group of two distinct species. They had Aedes caspius Pallas is a widely been identified as an autogenous, distributed in the Palaearctic Region where stenogamous form inhabiting brackish water its larvae were primarily halophytic, with breeding sites in coastal and inland desert occasional occurrence in fresh water areas, while an anautogenous, eurygamous (Horsfall, 1955).
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversidade De Culicidae Em Uma Área De Preservação De Mata Atlântica, Reserva Ecológica De Guapiaçu, Cachoeiras De Macacu, Estado Do Rio De Janeiro
    UFRRJ INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA ANIMAL TESE Biodiversidade de Culicidae em uma área de preservação de Mata Atlântica, Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. JULIANA SOARES SARMENTO DOS SANTOS 2017 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA ANIMAL Biodiversidade de Culicidae em uma área de preservação de Mata Atlântica, Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. JULIANA SOARES SARMENTO DOS SANTOS Sob a Orientação do Doutor Jerônimo Augusto Alencar e Co-orientação do Doutora Jacenir Reis dos Santos Mallet Tese submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutora em Biologia Animal, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Seropédica, RJ Agosto de 2017 i UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA ANIMAL JULIANA SOARES SARMENTO DOS SANTOS Tese submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutora em Biologia Animal, no Curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, área de Concentração em Biodiversidade Animal. TESE APROVADA EM 17/08/2017 _______________________________________________ Dr. Jeronimo Alencar – FIOCRUZ/RJ (Orientador) Dra. Helena Keiko Toma – UFRJ ____________________________________________ Dr. José Mário D’ Almeida – Departamento Biologia Geral/UFF Dr. Vanderlei Campos da Silva – FIOCRUZ/RJ ____________________________ Dra. Verônica Marchon Silva – FIOCRUZ/RJ ii Aos meus avós Aristides (in memorian) e Neide (in memorian), por todo apoio, oportunidades e imenso carinho depositados em minha pessoa. Vocês foram minha estrela -guia. Dedico iii Ao meu amor, João Paulo, por sempre acreditar no meu potencial e me fazer sentir amada, obrigada por fazer parte da sua vida.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosquitoes Breeding in Container Habitats in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in the Auckland Region, New Zealand
    ENTOMOTROPICA ISSN 1317-5262 Vol. 20(2): 89-93. Agosto 2005. Mosquitoes breeding in container habitats in urban and peri-urban areas in the Auckland Region, New Zealand José G. B. Derraik Ecology and Health Research Centre, Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, Wellington, New Zealand. Current address: MAF Biosecurity NZ, PO Box 2526, Wellington, New Zealand. Fax: +64.4.474.4133. Email: [email protected] Abstract Derraik JGB. 2005. Mosquitoes breeding in container habitats in urban and peri-urban areas in the Auckland Region, New Zealand. ENTOMOTROPICA 20(2): 89-93. An investigation into the mosquito fauna breeding in container habitats in the Auckland region (New Zealand) was carried out. Special attention was given to exotic bromeliads. The results suggest that mosquitoes seem to utilize container habitats in urban and peri-urban areas to a high extent. Overall, there was an almost complete dominance of exotic mosquitoes, more specifically Ochlerotatus notoscriptus. The results provide further evidence of the major dominance of exotic mosquitoes in anthropic habitats in the Auckland region. Additional key words: anthropic habitats, bromeliads, larvae, Ochlerotatus notoscriptus. Resumen Derraik JGB. 2005. Mosquitos que se crian en contenedores en áreas urbanas y peri-urbanas en la región de Auckland, Nueva Zelanda. ENTOMOTROPICA 20(2): 89-93. Se condujo una investigación sobre la faunba de mosquitos que se crian en contenedores en la región de Auckland (Nueva Zelanda). Atención especial fue prestada a la bromelias exóticas. Los resultados sugieren que los mosquitos parecen hacer uso intensivo de los contenedores en áreas urbanas y peri-urbanas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vector Potential of the Mosquito Aedes Koreicus
    THE VECTOR POTENTIAL OF THE MOSQUITO AEDES KOREICUS Silvia Ciocchetta BVSc, Masters Animal Health, Animal Farming & Animal Production Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology 2018 Keywords Aedes koreicus, invasive mosquito species, laboratory colonisation, hatching percentage, embryo dormancy, embryo development, fecundity index, pupae differentiation, mosquito reproductive biology, mosquito mating biology, autogeny, interspecific mating, mosquito sperm, competitive displacement, satyrization, Wolbachia, fluctuating temperature, arbovirus, chikungunya, chikungunya virus (CHIKV), vector competence, arthropod-borne disease, public health. The vector potential of the mosquito Aedes koreicus i Abstract The introduction and establishment of exotic mosquitoes have facilitated outbreaks of arthropod-borne disease in new areas of the world. There is an urgent need to understand the risk of disease outbreaks posed by invasive mosquitoes. Aedes (Finlaya) koreicus [1] is an invasive mosquito species from South-East Asia recently discovered in Europe. It has now colonised six European countries, including Italy (Belluno province), where it was first reported in 2011. Between 2011 and 2012, Ae. koreicus doubled its distribution in the Belluno province from 33.3% to 65.2% of municipalities (n= 65) and increased its presence in the Treviso province from 2.1% to 18.9 % of municipalities (n= 95). This invasive behaviour is similar to that of Aedes albopictus, a major vector of chikungunya (CHIKV) and dengue (DENV) viruses, that has become endemic in 22 European countries since introduction in 1991. Despite the rapid spread and establishment of Ae. koreicus, the impact of this mosquito on native ecosystems and public health remains unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Lounibos, L. P., G. F. O'meara, R. L. Escher, N
    Biological Invasions 3: 151–166, 2001. © 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Testing predictions of displacement of native Aedes by the invasive Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus in Florida, USA L.P. Lounibos1,∗, G.F. O’Meara1, R.L. Escher1, N. Nishimura1, M. Cutwa1, T. Nelson1,3, R.E. Campos1,4 & S.A. Juliano2 1Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, 200 9th St. SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Behavior, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics Section, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA; 3Current address: LMS Engineers, LLP, One Blue Hill Plaza, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA; 4Current address: Instituto de Limnologia, Dr. Raul A. Ringuelet, Casilla de Correo 712, (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; ∗Author for correspondence (e-mail: lounibos@ufl.edu; fax: +1-561-778-7205) Received 7 November 2000; accepted in revised form 3 September 2001 Key words: competition, containers, exclusion, Florida, larvae, macrohabitat, mosquitoes, predators, tires, treeholes Abstract The Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus arrived in the USA in 1985 in used automobile tires from Japan and became established in Texas. This species has since spread to become the most abundant container-inhabiting mosquito in the southeastern USA, including Florida, where it has reduced the range of another non-indigenous mosquito, Aedes aegypti. To assess the accuracy of predictions that A. albopictus would competitively exclude the native Eastern Treehole Mosquito Aedes triseriatus from tires but not from treeholes (Livdahl and Willey (1991) Science 253: 189–191), we extensively monitored the abundances of mosquito immatures before and after the Asian Tiger invaded these habitats in south Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Nonindigenous Aquatic and Selected Terrestrial Species of Florida
    Nonindigenous Aquatic and Selected Terrestrial Species of Florida Status, Pathway and Time of Introduction, Present Distribution, and Significant Ecological and Economic Effects James A. McCann LoriN. Arkin James D. Williams National Biological Service Southeastern Biological Science Center 7920 N.W. 71st Street Gainesville, Florida 32653 1 United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL BIOLOGICAL StlRVE:~ SERVICE November 28, 1995 MEMORANDUM To: Victor Ramey, IFAS, University of Florida From: Center Director, SBSC Subject: Publication of McCann report on Aquatic Nonindigenous Species of Florida Dr. McCann has prepared a very good compilation of information on aquatic nonindigenous species of Florida. The Florida report has gone through an in house peer review process for publication. Due to budget cuts we will not be able to publish it in house. Anyone who can publish this is free to do so. Contents Preface ......... ~........................................ ...... ............. 4 Abstract ..................................................................... 5 Definitions of Terms ............................. .... ....................... 7 Introductions and Survival of Nonindigenous Species in Freshwater Systems ........... 9 Subtropical Climate ................... ................................. 10 Pathways of Introduction ........................................ ........ 10 Industries that Import Nonindigenous Species ................................ 12 Human Population Growth ............................................... 12
    [Show full text]
  • Finding Needles in the Haystack: Single Copy Microsatellite Loci for Aedes Japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae)
    Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 73(4), 2005, pp. 744–748 Copyright © 2005 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene FINDING NEEDLES IN THE HAYSTACK: SINGLE COPY MICROSATELLITE LOCI FOR AEDES JAPONICUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) ANDREA K. WIDDEL, LINDA J. MCCUISTON, WAYNE J. CRANS, LAURA D. KRAMER, AND DINA M. FONSECA* Molecular Ecology, PCER, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York Abstract. First identified in three North American states in 1998, Aedes japonicus japonicus, the Asian bush mos- quito, has since spread to 21 states, plus Ontario in Canada, northern France, and Belgium. Analyses of the introduction and expansion of this potentially deadly disease vector will be radically improved by including powerful genetic markers like microsatellites. Useful microsatellite loci have, however, been difficult to identify for mosquitoes in the genus Aedes because of the high amount of repetitive DNA in these species. We isolated single-copy DNA from Ae. j. japonicus and then used a standard enrichment method to identify regions containing microsatellites. Here we describe seven poly- morphic microsatellite loci that were tested in American populations of Ae. j. japonicus. These loci were also found to be polymorphic in two other of the four Ae. japonicus subspecies and in Aedes koreicus. INTRODUCTION encephalitis.17 In contrast, American Ae. j. japonicus have been shown to be effective vectors of West Nile virus,18,19 In addition to the practical understanding required for suc- Eastern equine encephalitis,20 La Crosse virus,21 and St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biology of Blood-Sucking in Insects, SECOND EDITION
    This page intentionally left blank The Biology of Blood-Sucking in Insects Second Edition Blood-sucking insects transmit many of the most debilitating dis- eases in humans, including malaria, sleeping sickness, filaria- sis, leishmaniasis, dengue, typhus and plague. In addition, these insects cause major economic losses in agriculture both by direct damage to livestock and as a result of the veterinary diseases, such as the various trypanosomiases, that they transmit. The second edition of The Biology of Blood-Sucking in Insects is a unique, topic- led commentary on the biological themes that are common in the lives of blood-sucking insects. To do this effectively it concentrates on those aspects of the biology of these fascinating insects that have been clearly modified in some way to suit the blood-sucking habit. The book opens with a brief outline of the medical, social and economic impact of blood-sucking insects. Further chapters cover the evolution of the blood-sucking habit, feeding preferences, host location, the ingestion of blood and the various physiological adap- tations for dealing with the blood meal. Discussions on host–insect interactions and the transmission of parasites by blood-sucking insects are followed by the final chapter, which is designed as a use- ful quick-reference section covering the different groups of insects referred to in the text. For this second edition, The Biology of Blood-Sucking in Insects has been fully updated since the first edition was published in 1991. It is written in a clear, concise fashion and is well illustrated through- out with a variety of specially prepared line illustrations and pho- tographs.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Culicidae)
    Foraging Behavior and Reproductive Success of the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Christopher M. Stone. M.S. Graduate Program in Entomology The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Woodbridge A. Foster, Advisor David Denlinger Ian M. Hamilton Copyright by Christopher M. Stone 2011 Abstract The malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae Giles s.s. has a diet consisting of nectar meals taken from plants and blood from warm-blooded animals, particularly humans. Foraging theory predicts that diets include only those items that maximize energetic intake (a proxy for fitness), yet previous studies indicate that for mosquitoes specializing on human blood, such as the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, and An. gambiae, sugar has a negative effect on their fitness. The objective of this dissertation was to find how the presence of sugar- and blood-hosts in the environment affect the foraging decisions made by An. gambiae mosquitoes, their reproductive success, and their potential to transmit malaria. The experiments reported on in this dissertation were conducted to study the mosquito in a more (―semi‖-)natural environment than more commonly used laboratory cage environments, to more aptly reflect the energetic expenditures that come with meal-, mate-, and oviposition-site seeking behaviour in nature. Chapter 1 gives a description of the mesocosm, and develops the rationale for using such set-ups. The importance of male mosquitoes to population processes has long been overlooked, but their mating capability is strongly dependent upon access to sugar sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Bibliog a to Z
    A Bibliography of Texas Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Taxonomy (Steve Ziser; Sept 28, 2008) * = article reviewed and added to Texas aquatic invertebrate distribution maps {} = article reviewed and added to Texas aquatic physico-chemical & biological inventory ? = not sure if it contains specific references to Texas' aquatic critters NTR = No Texas aquatic invert genera or species Records listed c=copied, not recorded yet ><=addl punctuation not available error= incorrect citation, could not be located as written Abbreviations (temporary): ACDT2000 = Robinson 2000 AOBIS2001=Assoc Biodiv Info-SW 2001 BCPLnd = _____nd. Balcones Canyonland Preserve Land Mgt Plan Davis & Buzan 1980=Davis & Buzan 1981 DOT = Mitchell 1997 Lind 1980 = Lind & Bane 1980 [McCafferty 1975] = [McCafferty 1975b] NASL98 = Stark 2001 RET Inc =Ryckman et al 1974 TMCA = Tx Mosq Control Assoc TMOT = _______nd. The Mayflies of Texas TSIOC =Quinn 2007 BFL 1999c = Brackenridge Field Lab 1999c Collections (also added to alphabetical list) Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia c Jersabek, C. D., H. Segers and P. J. Morris. 2003. An illustrated online catalog of the Rotifera in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (Version 1.0: 2003-April-8) URL: http://data.acnatsci.org/biodiversity_databases/rotifer.php (accessed June 6, 2007) Brackenridge Field Lab *Brackenridge Field Lab. 1999c. Aquatic Insects of Texas, Collection and Website: utexas.edu/research/bfl/collections/aq insects. Univ. Texas; Austin, Tx. (accessed 1999) Entomological Museum of Lund University * Danielsson, R. 2007. Coleoptera: Dytiscidae present in the Entomological Museum of Lund University. URL: www.botmus.lu.se/zoomus/ZooDoc/VetSam/ZooEntl/OrdCol/ListCol/014Dytiscidae.html (accessed Feb 28, 2008) Ken Christiansen Collembola Collection * Christiansen, K.
    [Show full text]
  • Juliano, S.A., & Lounibos, L.P. 2005. Ecology of Invasive Mosquitoes
    Ecology Letters, (2005) 8: 558–574 doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00755.x REVIEWS AND SYNTHESES Ecology of invasive mosquitoes: effects on resident species and on human health Abstract Steven A. Juliano1* and Investigations of biological invasions focus on patterns and processes that are related to L. Philip Lounibos2 introduction, establishment, spread and impacts of introduced species. This review 1Department of Biological focuses on the ecological interactions operating during invasions by the most prominent Sciences, Behavior, Ecology, group of insect vectors of disease, mosquitoes. First, we review characteristics of non- Evolution and Systematics native mosquito species that have established viable populations, and those invasive Section, Illinois State University, species that have spread widely and had major impacts, testing whether biotic Normal, IL 61790-4120, USA characteristics are associated with the transition from established non-native to invasive. 2Florida Medical Entomology Second, we review the roles of interspecific competition, apparent competition, Laboratory, University of Florida, 200 9th St, SE, Vero predation, intraguild predation and climatic limitation as causes of impacts on residents Beach, FL 32962, USA or as barriers to invasion. We concentrate on the best-studied invasive mosquito, Aedes *Correspondence: E-mail: albopictus, evaluating the application of basic ecological theory to invasions by Aedes [email protected] albopictus. We develop a model based on observations of Aedes albopictus for effects of resource competition and predation as barriers to invasion, evaluating which community and ecosystem characteristics favour invasion. Third, we evaluate the ways in which invasive mosquitoes have contributed to outbreaks of human and animal disease, considering specifically whether invasive mosquitoes create novel health threats, or modify disease transmission for existing pathogen–host systems.
    [Show full text]