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09 Piracy Index 167 6/6/05, 2:44 PM 168 Index Index 167 Index abduction of crew, 35, 38 Statement on Co-operation Abu Bakar Bashir, 51 Against Piracy, 95 Abu Sayyaf movement, 114 ASEANWEB, 150 academic research, ix Asian economic crisis, 82 Achille Lauro incident, xii, 83, 84 Asia Pacific Economic Co- Africa, xiv operation (APEC), 130, 131 al-Qaida organization, 50, 51 Asia Pacific Regional Initiative, 112 Al-Hufoof, 43 Asia Security Conference, 46 Alondra Rainbow, 40, 81 Andaman Island, 114 Bajau Laut of Sempoerna District, Andaya, Barbara, 31 17 animo furandi, 3 Bakorkamla, 148, 157 Anna Sierra, 43 Bali bombings, 56 annual report, 42 Baltic Sky, 89, 91 anti-boarding system, 41 Bangladesh, 39 Anti-Piracy Centre, x Belitung, 47 anti-terrorism agreement, 56 Bintan Islands, 42 armed attacks, 39 border co-operation, 158 ASEAN, 26, 128, 129 bribery, xiv non-interference, 97 ASEANAPOL, 150 cargo ASEAN Centre for Transnational disposable, 38 Crime, 117 Chengson, The, 35 ASEAN members, 22, 56 Chia-Tan, 7 ASEAN Plan of Action to Combat China, 56, 93, 111 Transnational Crimes, 150 Chinese Customs and Public ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), Security Bureaus, 108 62, 96, 115, 129, 130 Chinese waters, 21 09 Piracy Index 167 6/6/05, 2:44 PM 168 Index Claridge, David, 50 Expert Meetings on Combating coast guards, 25 Piracy and Armed Robbery, colonial powers, 17 106, 136 colonial states, 22 corruption, 22, 54, 105 Federation of ASEAN Command Post Exercise, 115 Shipowners’ Association, 114, Council of Foreign Relations, 63 150 Council for Security and Co- firearms operation in the Asia-Pacific use of, 36 (CSCAP), 62, 116, 131 Fire Finder radar systems, 88 crew financial gain, 60 abduction of, 35 Five Power Defence criminal organizations, xv, 26, 27 Arrangement, 95 cross-boundary hot pursuit, 53, foreign support, 23 87 Free Aceh Movement, see counter measures, 85–97, 128 Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) data gathering strategies, 164 freedom of seas concept, 123, 124 definitions funds piracy, x, 3, 78, 160 international, see international terrorism, 78, 79 funds Defoe, Daniel, 6, 31 de Groot, Hugo, xi Gama’a el Islamiyah, 50 Gaspar Straits, 47 East Indies, 4 GEM-Hydrographic Data and economic development, 26 Information Exchange, 154 economic forces, 2 GEM on SAR and Unlawful Acts economic marginalization, xvii at Sea, 154 economics of piracy, 165 geography environmental issues, 127 influencing pirate tactics, xiv Europeans Gelasa Straits, 42 concept of piracy, 12 General Border Committee, 149 entrance in Southeast Asia, 10 Geneva Convention on Law of influence of, 15 the Sea, 6 technological advantage, 24 Geneva Convention of the High European Union, 56, 65 Seas, 60 Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), Gentilis, Alberico, 4 90, 144 geopolitical issues, 163 09 Piracy Index 168 6/6/05, 2:44 PM Index 169 Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM), Indonesian Coast Guard, 107 22, 38, 84, 113 Indonesia Ministry of National Global Mars, 40, 43 Development Planning globalization, 2, 18, 23, 122 (BAPPENAS), 137 Grotius, 123 Indonesia-Singapore Agreement Group of Experts Meeting, 154 co-ordination of patrols, 149 Group of Experts on Illegal Acts Indo-Sin Co-ordinated Patrols at Sea, 158 (ISCP), 140 industrial revolution, 14 Han Wei, 43 information services, 42 high-risk zone, xiii Information Sharing Centre, 97 hijacked vessels innovations tracking, 41 technical, see technical hijackings, 26, 37, 38, 41, 51, 58, innovations 81, 98 international co-operation, 16 increase, 48 international conventions, 125 historical perspective, 161 International Criminal Court, xvi hostes humani generic, 3 International Institute for Strategic Studies, 46 Ibn Battutah, 8 International Labour ICC International Maritime Organization (ILO), 55 Bureau, 42 international law, 18 ilanun, 8 limitations, 63 IMB Piracy Reporting Centre International Law Commission, (IMB-PRC), 35, 43, 52 60 role, 42, 43 International Maritime Bureau, import duties (IMB), ix, x, 6, 34, 47, 78, 110, stolen cargo, on, xii 114, 127 Inabukwa, 40 defining piracy, xi, 61 Incidents at Sea Agreement, 104 victims reporting, xiii indigenous practices, see local International Maritime practices Organization (IMO), ix, x, indigenous regional co-operation, 104 104–106 international funds, 25 Indonesia, 21, 22, 37, 39, 47, 48, International Ship and Port 56, 105 Facility Security Code (ISPS lacking financial resources, 145, Code), xvii, 37, 40 146 Iranun, 8 09 Piracy Index 169 6/6/05, 2:44 PM 170 Index Jakarta bombings, 56 Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Japan, 92 Co-ordination Centre, 94 coastguard, see Japanese Malaysia-Philippines Border coastguard Patrol Co-ordinating Group, co-operation with, 25 149 initiatives, 93, 94, 162 mangayaw, 9 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 107, Mare Clausum, 5 136 marginal socio-economic proposal, 104 existence, 16 role, 106, 107, 131–38 maritime boundaries spending on security, 146 uncertainty, 82 Japanese coastguard, xvi, 93, 133, Maritime Enforcement Co- 134 ordinating Centre (MECC), 148 Japan Defense Agency, 140 Maritime Information Exchange Jemaah Islamiyah, 50 Directory, 115 Joint Declaration of ASIAN and Maritime Operation Planning China Team, 94 non-traditional security issues, 57 maritime police, 54 joint exercises, 111 maritime populations, 27 maritime security, 28 Karimata Straits, 146 framework, 46 maritime terrorism, 46, 58–63, La Ma’dukelleng Arung Sikang, 9 82–84 lanun, 8 maritime traffic law enforcement agencies, 40, 156 disruption, 49 Limburg, 83 military exercises, 112 liquefied natural gas, 52 migrations, 22 local practices, 11, 14 monetary crisis, 21 Moro Islamic Liberation Front, 22 machine guns, 18, see also multilateral conventions firearms cooperation on criminal Malacca matters, 63 Portuguese conquest, 13 M.V. Marta, 81 Malacca Strait, xiv, see also Straits of Malacca Napoleonic Wars, 13 Malaysia, 56, 148 National Defence Programme Malaysian Coast Guard, 107 Outline, 135 09 Piracy Index 170 6/6/05, 2:44 PM Index 171 natural resources incidents, number of, xiii, 103 competition for, 23 international conventions, 125 naval exercises, 113 part of social fabric, 10 naval patrols, 65 patrons, 20 Navarra, 91 research, 1, 162, 163 Nelson, Lord Admiral Horatio, 5 Southeast Asia, 12 Nicobar Island, 114 sponsorship, 123 Nigeria, 39 statistics, 34 Nippon Foundation, 106, 135 studies, see piracy studies North Korea, 92 suppression, 161 trends, worrying, 34 Obuchi Initiative, 135 underlying causes for Ocean Peacekeeping Force, 110 persistence, 126 Omar al-Faruq, 51 Piracy and Armed Robbery Orang Laut, 19 Against Ships Oriental Salvia, 77 IMB’s report, 47 piracy studies, ix, 11, 162, 163 Palestinian Liberation pirata, 3, 4 Organization (PLO), 84 pirate attacks patronage, 16, 20 according to areas, xv Peace Constitution, 123 collation of primary peirato, 3 information, 44 Petro Ranger, 40 increasing numbers, 43 Penrider, 38 small scale, xiv Philippines, 9, 22, 56 pirate organizations piracy infiltration, 26 acts, 60, 66 pirates causes of, xvi motivation, 27 characterizing, 125 prosecution, xvi combating, 18, 52–55 pirate organizations, 26 conditions for thriving, 20 practices continuities and discontinuities, local, see local practices 16 privateers, 5 definitions, x–xii, 3, 53, 62 police function, 54 economics of, 165 political development, 27 European concepts, 12 political forces, 2 forms, many, 161 political hegemony, 23 09 Piracy Index 171 6/6/05, 2:44 PM 172 Index political ideology, 60 Royal Malaysian Police (Marine), political marginalization, xvii 148 political obstacles, 108, 109 Royal Thai Navy, 149 Portugal conquest of Malacca, 13 sea folk, 19 sea lane security, 126, 127 security quarterly reporting, 42 concern in recent years, xviii maritime, see maritime security radar, 18 security theory Raja Ismail, 9 traditional, 28 Regional Agreement on Co- Said, Edward, 12 operating in Combating Acts Sea Lines of Communication of Piracy, 158 (SLOC), 132 Regional Conference on Secure Marine, 41 Combatting Piracy and Secure-Ship, 41, 55 Armed Robbery Against Selayang, 37, 40 Ships, 136 Selden, 5 regional cooperation, 16, 25 seizure of ships, 80, 81 regional development, 162 Shih Fa-Hsien, 7 regional forums, 115, 116 SHIPLOC regulations tracking system, 41, 95 conflicting, 156 Ship Alert and Automated implementing, 157 Identification System (AIS), 40 reporting procedures, xii Siak Sultanate, 9 research Siam Xanxai, 40 academic, see academic Singapore, 45 research spending on maritime safety, maritime population, into, 27 145, 146 new avenues, ix socially constructive purpose, 9 piracy, 1 social forces, 2 resources socio-economic existence, 16 lack of, 18, 66 solutions Rome Convention, 97 long term, 63 Royal Brunei Marine Police, 93 South America, xiv Royal Customs and Excise South China Sea, xiv, xvi, 65 Department, 148 South China Sea Informal Royal Malaysian Navy, 148 Working Group, 155 09 Piracy Index 172 6/6/05, 2:44 PM Index 173 South Korea, 93 The Tenyu, 26 Srivijayan Kingdom, 2, 19 Traffic Separation Scheme, 38 state control, 15, 16 transnational crimes, 57 statistics, 36 Tuhfat al-Nafis, 8 Straits of Malacca, 42, 45, 47, 48, tugs, 38 114, 146 Suhaila, 77 United Nations Convention on suicide attacks, 51 the Law of the Sea Sulu Sutanate, 8, 14 (UNCLOS), xi, 22, 53, 87, 110, Suppression of Unlawful Acts 124, 156 against the Safety of Article 43, 96, 147, 151, 159 Maritime Navigation (SUA), Article 58, 144 61, 62, 64, 86, 87, 92, 116 Article 86, 144 ratification, 116 Article 100, 125, 143, 159 Article 101, xvi, 6, 78 Taiwanese fishing trawlers, 49 Article 102, 144 Tan, Professor Tony, 46 Article 105, 144 Tangredi, 54 Article 106, 144 Tarling,
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