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LCR Tesis Solanaceae.Pdf UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA Facultad de Biología Taxonomía de la familia Solanaceae en el municipio de Coacoatzintla, Veracruz, México. TESIS TRABAJO DE EXPERIENCIA RECEPCIONAL QUE PRESENTA: Leonardo Cuevas Reyes DIRECTOR: Dr. Fernando Nicolalde Morejón Xalapa, Ver. Marzo 2018 RECONOCIMIENTOS Al Dr. Fernando Nicolalde Morejón por su apoyo y confianza en todo el proceso de elaboración de este proyecto. A la Mtra. Lilí Martínez Domínguez por su colaboración durante el desarrollo del trabajo y por brindar un excelente material fotográfico. A Los Miembros del comité: Miguel De Jesús Cházaro Basañez y Héctor V. Narave Flores. A Dr. Miguel A. Camacho Pernas por su labor como profesor de Experiencia Recepcional. A la Facultad de Biología, Xalapa, Veracruz. Al Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y en particular al herbario CIB de la Universidad Veracruzana por las facilidades prestadas para el desarrollo de esta tesis. A la Biol. Anette L. Méndez Durán por su colaboración en el proceso de ingreso del material biológico a la base de datos del herbario CIB y la logística para el trabajo de campo en Coacoatzintla. Al herbario XAL por brindarnos el apoyo en la revisión de las colecciones botánicas de Solanaceae. Al municipio de Coacoatzintla, Veracruz, México. A mi familia. A mis amigos. II DEDICATORIA A mi madre Ana María Reyes Lara y a mi padre Demetrio Saúl Cuevas Gutiérrez. III Resumen Solanaceae es una de las familias más diversas entre las angiospermas, comprende 100 géneros y 2 500 especies aproximadamente, su distribución es cosmopolita excepto en los polos. Esta familia botánica es de mucha importancia económica, sus usos y aplicaciones incluyen desde alimenticios hasta tóxicos. En contraste, su avance en el conocimiento taxonómico para algunos grupos aún está en entredicho. México es un importante centro de diversidad de este grupo de plantas, sin embargo, son pocos los tratamientos taxonómicos regionales o generales hasta la fecha realizados, limitándose su conocimiento a la publicación de listados florísticos regionales. En este sentido, el municipio de Coacoatzintla ubicado en la zona centro del Estado de Veracruz, zona que alberga uno de los relictos de bosque mesófilo de montaña en buen estado de conservación, no es la excepción y carece de estudios taxonómicos de Solanaceae. Por lo anterior, el presente trabajo documenta y describe la diversidad taxonómica de la familia Solanaceae en el municipio de Coacoatzintla, integrando información obtenida desde ejemplares colectados en campo, material botánico consultado desde los herbarios y revisión de trabajos taxonómicos especializados. Los principales resultados nos corroboran la presencia de 11 géneros y 33 especies, dentro de las cuales todas son nativas excepto las pertenecientes a Brugmansia y Nicandra; 20 manifiestan usos alimenticios, medicinales u ornamentales, 4 son endémicas a México y resalta el nuevo registro para el estado de Veracruz de Jaltomata bohisiana. A pesar de este avance en el conocimiento de la diversidad de este grupo, hay razones suficientes para continuar con estudios taxonómicos a largo plazo en el estado de Veracruz, que nos permitan documentar de manera más amplia su diversidad y usos de este grupo de plantas en el estado, además, de contar con información taxonómica actualizada que nos permita conocer y plantear estrategias para el uso y manejo de esta importante familia botánica. Palabras clave: Coacoatzintla, México, Solanaceae, Taxonomia. IV Índice general Introducción ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Marco de referencia .................................................................................................................................. 10 Objetivo general ........................................................................................................................................ 12 Objetivos particulares ............................................................................................................................... 12 Materiales y métodos................................................................................................................................. 13 Características de la familia Solanaceae ............................................................................................. 13 Descripción del municipio de Coacoatzintla, Vereracruz, México ................................................... 13 Trabajo de campo .................................................................................................................................. 13 Procesamiento del material biológico .................................................................................................. 13 Revisión de herbarios ............................................................................................................................ 15 Identificación del material biológico .................................................................................................... 16 Tratamiento taxonómico ....................................................................................................................... 18 Resultados Diversidad de la familia Solanaceae en Coacotzintla ........................................................ 18 Usos de la familia Solanacea en Coacoatzintla ................................................................................... 21 Tratamiento taxonómico ....................................................................................................................... 23 Discusión .................................................................................................................................................. 188 Conclusiones ............................................................................................................................................ 189 Literatura citada ..................................................................................................................................... 190 Anexos ...................................................................................................................................................... 194 Índice de tablas Tabla 1 . Herbarios nacionales e internacionales consultados con material botánico disponible ............... 15 Tabla 2. Trabajos utilizados para la identificación del material biológico de la familia Solanaceae. ........ 17 Tabla 3. Géneros y especies de Solanaceae en Coacoatzitla ....................................................................... 18 Tabla 4. Presencia de la familia Solanaceae en Coacoatzintla y municipios colindantes .......................... 19 Tabla 5. Especies endémicas a México ....................................................................................................... 21 Tabla 6. Especies documentadas en Coacoatzintla que presentan usos ...................................................... 21 Tabla 7. Registros de Flora de Veracruz para la familia Solanaceae en Coacoatzintla y municipios colindantes con binomios actualizados ....................................................................................................... 22 V Índice de figuras Figura 1 Puntos de colecta en Coacoatzintla Veracruz y municipios colindantes ...................................... 14 Figura 2 Brugmansia candida. A. Hojas, botones y flores. B. Botón floral. C. Anteras libres ................... 27 Figura 3 Distribución de Brugmansia candida ............................................................................................ 28 Figura 4 Brugmansia suaveolens. A. Forma de vida. B. Flores. C. Anteras conniventes alrededor del estilo. D y E. Fruto con cáliz caduco ..................................................................................................................... 30 Figura 5 Distribución Brugmansia suaveolens ............................................................................................ 31 Figura 6 Capsicum annuum. A. Hojas, botones, flor y fruto. B. Botones. C. Fruto inmaduro ................... 36 Figura 7 Distribución de Capsicum annuum ............................................................................................... 37 Figura 8 Capsicum pubescens. A y B. Flores. C y D. Hojas y frutos .......................................................... 39 Figura 9 Distribución de Capsicum annuum ............................................................................................... 40 Figura 10 Cestrum nocturnum. A. Forma de vida. B. Corteza. C. Inflorescencia en preantesis. D. Flor en sección longitudinal con apendice bifido en el punto de inserción. E. Frutos inmaduro y maduro. F. Infrutescencia .............................................................................................................................................. 43 Figura 11 Distribución de Cestrum nocturnum ........................................................................................... 46 Figura 12 Cestrum oblongifolium. A. Forma de vida. B. Rama. C. Botones. D. Flores. E. Hojas e inflorescencia .............................................................................................................................................. 50 Figura 13 Distribución de Cestrum oblongifolium ..................................................................................... 51 Figura 14 Datura stramonium. A. Hoja. B. Corola. C. Anteras y estigma. D y E.
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