Albania Transmission Network Development Plan
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_____________________________________________________________________________________ ALBANIA TRANSMISSION NETWORK DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1. Albanian Power System Overview The Power System of Albania has 445.7 km of 400 kV lines, 1250 km of 220 kV lines, 34.4 km of 150 kV line and 1606.7 km of 110 kV lines. The main power plants of “Drin River” Cascade in the Northern part of Albania are connected in the 220 kV transmission network which is also the main connection to the biggest load in the area of Tirana, Elbasan, Durres and Fieri. The 110 kV network, majorly part is closed in rings and in some part radial. It covers all urban areas of the country in order to supply the Distribution System that nowadays is operated by OSHEE and is 100% state owned. Transmission grid development in compliance with the long term forecasts and electricity sector development plans, in general, represents one of OST fundamental functions comprising a necessity for the performance of its functions. The electricity demand in Albania still remains at very high rates. Referring to the data for the last ten years, the power supply by transmission system to distribution Substations and eligible customers of the country connected to the transmission network has been growing about 2.5% annually rate. The application for connection of new generating sources to the transmission system have increased and according to forecasts, important power plants, mainly HPP and Renewables, are expected to be built in the coming years. Taking account the last 15-years, it is evident that domestic production does not fully cover the demand for electricity and the country needs to import large amounts of electricity in the dry years. In order to realize the exchanges for a safe operation of transmission system, and create favorable technical conditions to develop an integrated market of electricity in the region there need to be increased the exchange capacity with the neighbor systems and strengthening of the interconnection network. Transmission System Operator (OST) operates the transmission system in Albania and provides capacities necessary for: Supply of distribution system substations (OSHEE) and eligible consumers directly connected to transmission grid; Transmission of electricity generated by Power Plants; Transitions and exchanges of electricity with neighboring countries. 1 Transmission System Planning & Development _____________________________________________________________________________________ OST owns and operates in total fifteen Substations (400 kV, 220 kV, and 150 kV) with a total installed capacity of 4096 MVA. Albania has six Interconnection lines with the neighboring countries: • 400 kV line Zemblak - Kardia (Greece) • 400 kV line Tirana 2 - Podgorica (Montenegro) • 400 kV line Tirana2 - Kosovo B (Kosovo) • 220 kV line Koplik - Podgorica (Montenegro) • 220 kV line Fierze - Prishtina (Kosovo) • 150 kV Bistrica 1 - Igumenice (Greece). The 400 kV Tirana2 (AL) – Kosovo-B (KO) is constructed, the project is fully commissioned and ready to be in operation. The figure below shows in a schematically way the structure of the transmission network in Albania. ALBANIAN TRANSMISSION SYSTEM STRUCTURE I N 126 MVA 237 MW T E 1538.74 MW R 35, 20, 10, 6 kV C O 400 kV 120 MVAr N N 1200 MVA 2390 MVA E 411.44 MW 220 kV C T 300 MVA O R S 80 MVA 150 kV 110 kV 2 Transmission System Planning & Development _____________________________________________________________________________________ More than 70% of the total generated installed capacity is connected in the 220 kV network. Autotransformers 220/400 kV have a capacity of 1200 MVA and the 110 kV grid is connected with the 400 kV Rings by two 150 MVA Autotransformers installed in the south-eastern part of the network in Zemblak Substation. Transmission of electricity from the main sources of generation to the major centers of consumption is done through the 220 kV grid and further through the 220/110 kV transformation (2390 MVA). The 110 kV network that supply all the 110 kV substations previously represented the main load nodes while actually are connected around 20% of the installed generation capacity. In the following picture it is shown the Albanian Transmission map updated recently in the ENTSO-E framework. 3 Transmission System Planning & Development _____________________________________________________________________________________ Albanian Power System, ENTSO-E map. 4 Transmission System Planning & Development _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Current situation of the network, electricity demand and generation forecast. 2.1 Electricity consumption for the period 2005-2017. Economic and demographic factors in the last decade have significantly affected the fluctuations of the energy consumption in different regions of the country. In this period fluctuations in electricity consumption has been mostly in urban areas, such as Elbasan, Fier, Burrel, Shkodra, Korca and in some remote areas. In some regions there have been considerable increases in demand for transmission capacity from industrial consumer or small hydro generation. These fluctuations become stable after 2009. Below is given: (i) the historic development of the annual consumption of electricity transmitted by the transmission network during the period 2005-2017; (ii) Hourly Load and the (iii) Load Duration Curve for year 2017. Electricity in the Transmission Network 2005-2017 (GWh) 8,000 6,000 4,000 7,413 7,612 6,876 7,091 7,344 6,747 7,145 6,596 6,463 5,642 5,319 6,151 5,738 2,000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Hourly Load - 2017 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 MW 600 400 200 0 1 1001 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001 8001 Hours 5 Transmission System Planning & Development _____________________________________________________________________________________ Load Duration Curve - Year 2017 1600 MW 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Hour 1 1001 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001 8001 2.3 Losses in the Transmission Grid As a result of Continuously Strengthen of the Transmission System, electricity losses in the transmission network have been reduced over the years. The following graph shows the electricity losses during the period 2005-2017. Losses in % (2005 - 2017) 4.56% 3.73% 3.77% 3.08% 3.02% 3.03% 2.33% 2.21% 2.32% 2.25% 2.09% 2.03% 2.08% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Implementation of very important projects has led to the strengthen of the Transmission System and the future development of the grid will have a significant impact in reducing electricity losses. The goal for the year 2025 is to reduce the level of losses under 2%, but for sure this is related also by the operation conditions of the largest hydropower plants of Drini River Cascade. 6 Transmission System Planning & Development _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Transmission System Development Plan During the recent years are realized and are in operation important projects that have increased significantly: (I) The reliability of the Power System, (II) Exchange capacities with neighboring countries and (III) Quality of service for the transmission system clients. Other important benefits of the new projects are the reduction of non-served electricity and the reduction of transmission losses. From 2005 to 2017 the electricity demand is increased 19%, while electricity losses are reduced from 4.56% to 2.08%. 3.1 Forecasting electricity consumption up to 2025 Based on real consumption of electricity for the period 2005-2017 as well as the methodology followed so far, it is needed to make an accurate and a wide range of the forecast of electricity demand. To achieve this are carried out calculations for the three main scenarios. The first scenario (Realistic) based on the load trend of the transmission grid over the years by region, the second scenario (Pessimistic) is based on the calculation for a growth rate of lower demand, and the third scenario (Optimistic), which takes into account a large increase in demand for electricity, directly impacted by the economic development of the country. The three scenarios are presented in the diagram below. Long Term Forecast of Electricity Demand 2017-2027 12,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 Optimistic Op. Realistic Op. Pessimistic Op. 5,000 In the above picture it is evident that the growth of electricity demand will about 2-2.2%/y. 7 Transmission System Planning & Development _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3.2. New Generation Capacity Forecast for years 2015 - 2025 Nowadays OST is facing a large number of requests for connection of new power plants in the transmission system and according to the forecast, in the next few years are expected to be built several important sources of electricity, mainly hydro-power plants, and also a lot of renewables, especially photovoltaic. Regarding the expansion of the new generation capacity in the future are taken into account some New large HPP as Devolli River Cascade, Fan River Cascade and some small power plants which are under construction, but is still undefined the time of the commissioning some other big power plants. Based on the information obtained from National Agency of Natural Resources and other corresponding institutions, the private investments in the generation capacity that are more reliable by 2025 are shown in the following table. 8 Transmission System Planning & Development _____________________________________________________________________________________ 9 Transmission System Planning & Development _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3.3 Albanian 400/220/110 kV Single Line Diagram for Year 2025 ALBANIAN SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM - YEAR 2020-2025 PRISHTINE PODGORICE HPP V.DEJA HPP KOMANI HPP FIERZA KOPLIK 5 x 50 MW 4 x 150 MW 4 x 125 MW PRIZREN 220kV 26.9MW 90MVA Curraj 105MW 7.5 MW Mal.Solar 110kV 345MVA 220kV 20.524MW 220kV 220kV Dragobi Renc V.Deja A Shkod.1 A V V Iballe M M B.Curri a 25MVA B.C.Ri l i 0 l 0 a Shala Z k 110kV e 83.45MW 2 2 . r e 16.5MW 1 1 P G S W W W Lura M M M 10MVA 9 2x120MVA 9 8.85MW .