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The Onset of Fertility Decline in Urban Nepal: a Study of Kathmandu City
r3.e.q5 1::, THE ONSET OF FERTILITY DECLINE IN URBAN NEPAL: A STUDY OF KATHMANDU CITY by RAM HARI ARYAL M.A. (Eco.), TU M.A. (Demo.),AI\U Thesis submitted in fulflrlment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Population and Human Resources Programme' Department of GeograPhY The University of Adelaide Australia January,1995 ERRATA Page 117,line lI-L2 shouldread "... studying at the Bachelor level..." Page220,223,Rely should read Rele Page269,line 1 should read... fertility is declining in Kathmandu. Page 281, line 8-9 should read ... One of the processes assisting in the fertility decline in N"put is an increasing trend for the proportion of workers in non agricultural occupations to mcrease. Page29l, The following should be added after line 15 ... "In India the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act provides for termination of pregnancy on (1) health grounds, (2) humanitarian grounds, and (3) eugenic grounds. It is also the practice in India that a pregnancy resulting from failure of contraceptives can also be terminated if it will cause 'a grave injury to the mental health of the \ryoman' (Misra, 1995:332). In Nepal abortion should be legalised on some grounds if both husband and wife consent." The following references are added to the Bibliography. Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) (1993) Eg)¡pt Demographic and Health Survey Report 1992 "Current use of family planning" p.67, Cairo: National Population Council. Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) (1992) Indonesia Demograohic and Health Survey Report 1991 "Current use of family planning" p.54, Jakarta: Central Bureau of Statistics, National Family Planning Coordinating Board, Ministry of Health. -
The Nepali Caste System and Culturally Competent Mental
THE NEPALI CASTE SYSTEM AND CULTURALLY COMPETENT MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT: EXPLORING STRATIFICATION, STRESS, AND INTEGRATION. A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty at The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Scott Swiatek May 2021 THE NEPALI CASTE SYSTEM AND CULTURALLY COMPETENT MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT: EXPLORING STRATIFICATION, STRESS, AND INTEGRATION. Scott Swiatek Dissertation Approved: Accepted: ___________________________ _____________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Juan Xi Dr. Rebecca Erickson ___________________________ ______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. Clare Stacey Dr. Mitchell S. Mckinney ___________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Manacy Pai Dr. Marnie Saunders ___________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Date Dr. Kathy Feltey ___________________________ Committee Member Dr. Marnie Watson ii ABSTRACT During the late 1990s, the Northern Bhutanese enacted policies marginalizing Bhutanese of Nepali Descent. Thousands of Bhutanese refugees were forcibly displaced to Nepal and established refugee camps where they lived for decades. While in the camps, refugees encountered traumatic life events, including torture, imprisonment, and sexual violence. Starting in 2008 and continuing for years. Bhutanese/Nepali refugees were resettled in the Akron area and encounter a new set of acculturation stressors related to finding employment, learning English, and reestablishing a new set of social networks. Older adults may cling to the Nepali caste system to cope with the unique stressors during the integration process. For over 100 years, people of Nepali descent subscribed to Muluki Ain, which codified discrimination against lower castes and mandated every individual be assigned a caste. Further, members of the ethnic and religious minority were often placed in the lower castes. -
Canterbury Christ Church University's Repository of Research Outputs Http
Canterbury Christ Church University’s repository of research outputs http://create.canterbury.ac.uk Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. Poudel, L. (2007) Power, knowledge and pedagogy: an analysis of the educational exclusion of Dalits in Nepal. Ph.D. thesis, University of Kent. Contact: [email protected] Power, Knowledge and Pedagogy: An Analysis of the Educational Exclusion of Dalits in Nepal By Lekha Nath Poudel anterbury hrist hurch University A thesis submitted to the University of Kent at anterbury for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2007 Abstract Power, Knowledge and Pedagogy: An Analysis of the Educational Exclusion of Dalits in Nepal This thesis examines the educational exclusion of Dalits in Nepal. It analyses the extent to which the hierarchical caste system and educational policies and practices create exclusionary pressures upon Dalits. This analysis is based on the data obtained from literature and documents, autobiographical exploration and the ethnographic fieldwork conducted at Basipur village and auripur School in a Tarai District of Nepal. -
Caste Exclusion and Health Discrimination in South Asia: a Systematic Review
Caste Exclusion and Health Discrimination in South Asia: A Systematic Review Raksha Thapa, PGR, Bournemouth University Introduction Discussion Discrimination impacts upon a range of Research in different countries and participants agreed that a connection between socio-economic wider determinates of health such as differences influences the level of health disparities 10 noted that low socio-economic status and education, work, income and housing 1. holding less land is associated with poor health outcomes. Due to Dalits low status in Nepal and India Caste is a fundamental determinant of their lower access to education and good quality jobs results in lower household income 10. Dalit social exclusion and development, women are doubly disadvantaged due to their low caste status as well as the lower status of women International human rights organisations in Hindu society. Dalits have lower occupational mobility, less land, poorer education and worse job. suggested that worldwide over 260 The SDGs, no poverty, good health and wellbeing, quality education, gender equality and specially goal million suffers from this exclusion 2. The 10, reduced inequality for all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion, 3,000-year-old caste system is one of the economic or other status will not be able to achieve without dealing caste discrimination 2. oldest social hierarchies and it is the foundation of Hindu society 3 has four divisions ‘Brahmins’ priests; ‘Kshetriyas’ warriors; ‘Vaishyas’ merchants; and ‘Sudras’ the servants. -
Nepal Print 1
IIDS Established in January 2002, the Indian Institute of Dalit Studies (IIDS) has been undertaking researches on the development concerns of the marginalized groups and socially excluded communities. Over the last more than five years IIDS has carried-out a large number of studies on different aspects of social exclusion and discrimination of the historically marginalized social groups, such as the Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribes and Religious minorities in India and other parts of South Asia (dalitstudies.org.in). In its endeavour to build data base on marginal groups for state policy and social action IIDS has been working with a wide range of national and international funding agencies and collaborates with a large number of scholars world over. Preface and Acknowledgements Indian Institute of Dalit Studies (IIDS) has been among the first research organizations to undertake studies on the development concerns of the marginalized groups and socially excluded communities. Over the last five years IIDS has carried out a large number of studies on different aspects of social exclusion and discrimination of the historically marginalized social groups, such as the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Religious minorities in India and other parts of South Asia. This report is part of a regional research project on caste-based discrimination and constitutes an important landmark for us. For the first time researchers from five countries of South Asia have worked together to understand the nature and forms of caste-based discrimination in different political settings of Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. This comparative study brings out new information on the extent and nature of caste based discrimination and we hope it will open up new spaces for state policy and civil society interventions for making South Asia a more just and democratic region. -
ETHNIC, SOCIAL, OCCUPATIONAL and CULTURAL BACKGROUND of the WOMEN TEA PLANTATION WORKERS Chapter-4
Chapjer- 4 · ETHNIC, SOCIAL, OCCUPATIONAL AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND OF THE WOMEN TEA PLANTATION WORKERS Chapter-4 ETHNIC, SOCIAL, OCCUPATIONAL AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND OF THE WOMEN TEA PLANTATION WORKERS. 4.1 Migration History : Migration is a special process, associated with the redistribution of population. Movement of an individual or groups which involves a permanent or Semi-permanent change of usual residence is migration (Wilson: 1985) The more authentic history ofNepalis migration to Darjeeling hills begins in the middle of the nineteenth century only when the East India company's trade interest had been focused on this region. The first large scale cultivation of tea for commercial purpose took place in 1852 and we have already discussed in the previous chapters about the close' interrelations between the growth of tea gardens and rapid increase of the population of Darjeeling mainly due to the migration of Nepalis from the hills of Nepal. The growth of tea gardens as a major factor in the migration of the Nepalis to this region has been duly emphasized by various scholars like L.S.S.O' Mally (1907) and later by Sunil Munsi (1980). Besides tea industry, the recruitment of Nepalis to British army is another important factor for the migration (Kansakar: 1980). As the old historical records shows the establishment of cantonments and barracks and a battalion of British infantry and Artillery stationed at Lebong (in 1847), Katapahar and Jalapahar in 1848. The Anglo-Nepalis Peace Treaty 1816 better known as the Segauli Treaty empowered the British Govt. to raise three regiments of Nepalis hill people in the British army. -
Social Exclusion and Social Change: Access To, and Influence Of, Community-Based Collective Action Programs in Nepal
SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND SOCIAL CHANGE: ACCESS TO, AND INFLUENCE OF, COMMUNITY-BASED COLLECTIVE ACTION PROGRAMS IN NEPAL by Meeta Sainju Pradhan A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor William G. Axinn, Chair Professor Thomas E. Fricke Assistant Professor Sarah Burgard Associate Research Scientist Dirgha J. Ghimire © Meeta Sainju Pradhan All rights reserved 2011 DEDICATION For Pratik, Prabir and Priya As you move ahead in life please keep in mind those who you do not see…..… look for them in the corner of your hearts and mind. and For all those who work towards a world of equality and justice. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Coming back to graduate school after over a decade of working in the field has been a journey of new learning – about my chosen area of work and about my own self. This journey has been possible due to the tremendous support of a wonderful group of people, all over the world. I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge and express my sincere gratitude to them. Professor William Axinn has been a steady influence in my life, ultimately succeeding in convincing me to return to graduate studies and extending all the support possible. His patience, guidance and encouragement, as a friend and a mentor, have been very valuable. I appreciation his continuing research interest in Nepal and particularly his support in building capacity for state-of-the-art social science research in the country. Professor Arland Thornton and Professor Sarah Burgard have always patiently and carefully read my work, giving serious attention to all the finer details and providing me with valuable feedback as I formulated and refined my work. -
5.1 Meaning & Definition of Social Differences, Inequalities and Stratification 5.1.1 Meaning and Definition of Social Diffe
CHAPTER: FIVE , SOCIAL STRATIFICATION 5.1 Meaning & Definition of social differences, inequalities and stratification 5.1.1 Meaning and definition of Social differences In all societies there is differentiation of the population by age, sex, & personal characteristics. The roles and privileges of children differ from those adults and those of good hunters or warriors differ from those of the rank & life. It is not customary to speak of a society as stratified if every individual in it has an equal chance to succeed to whatever status are open. Strictly speaking, there are no purely equalitarian societies, only society's differing in degree of stratification. Everywhere individuals & societies differ. In no society people are absolutely equal in all respects. Differentiation is the keynote of human society. Society rests on the principle of difference. Difference is inherent in the very nature of society. In all societies there is social differentiation of the population by age, sex, occupation & personal characteristics. They are the major factors of social differentiation. Men & women, teenagers & adults, children & old men, masters & servants, rulers & ruled, rich & poor teachers & advocates, engineers & doctors etc. are not always adjudged as equal. There are no equalitarian societies in the world. Societies are marked by differentiation. Differentiation is clearly related to the rise & operation of social classes. In the economic order, differentiation is found in the different roles entrepreneur, manager & skilled & unskilled laborers. It is evident in the professions; in the political order as witnessed in the varying roles of public administrators, legislators & judges in education as between teachers & administrators; & in religion, as in the distinct roles of prophet, seer & priest. -
The Caste System in Nepal - According to the Youth
The Caste System in Nepal - According to the youth Anslag: 70.095 Afleveringsdato: 17 Januar 2014 Sociologi og Kulturanalyse Samfundsfagligt Fakultet Syddansk Universitet Esbjerg Semesterprojekt – 5. Semester Vejleder: Stine Piilgaard Porner Nielsen Ida Lykke Jensen Zalla Mandozai Ida Lykke Jensen The Caste System in Nepal 17.01.2013 Zalla Mandozai - According to the youth 5. Semester Tro og love erklæring ”Det erklæres herved på tro og love, at undertegnede egenhændigt og selvstændigt har udformet denne rapport. Alle citater i teksten er markeret som sådanne, og rapporten eller væsentlige dele af den har ikke tidligere været fremlagt i anden bedømmelsessammenhæng.” Ida Lykke Jensen Zalla Mandozai 2 Ida Lykke Jensen The Caste System in Nepal 17.01.2013 Zalla Mandozai - According to the youth 5. Semester Index 1.0 Problem Field ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Thesis Statement .................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Reader’s Guide ................................................................................................................................................. 6 2.0 Human Rights ........................................................................................................................................ 7 3.0 Background of Nepal ......................................................................................................................... -
An Examination of the School Experiences of Nepali Dalit Students
DUKE UNIVERSITY Durham, North Carolina Voicing the Unheard: An Examination of the School Experiences of Nepali Dalit Students Laxmi Rajak April 2015 Under the supervision of Prof. David M. Malone, Program in Education Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation with Distinction Program in International Comparative Studies Trinity College of Arts and Sciences To my mother, Bhakta Kumari Rajak Contents Illustrations ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 Review of Literature ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 Personal Reflections on the Research: From the Plains to the Mountains ............................... -
Evaluating the Viability of a Mobile-Device-Based Intervention to Improve Maternal Health in Achham, Nepal
Evaluating the Viability of a Mobile-Device-Based Intervention to Improve Maternal Health in Achham, Nepal Senior Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Undergraduate Program in International and Global Studies Dr. Sarita Bhalotra, Advisor In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science by Sarah M. Van Buren May 2013 Copyright by Sarah M. Van Buren Committee members (if applicable): Name: _____________________________ Signature: _____________________________ Name: _____________________________ Signature: _____________________________ Name: _____________________________ Signature: _____________________________ Evaluating the Viability of a Mobile-Device-Based Intervention to Improve Maternal Health in Achham, Nepal EVALUATING THE VIABILITY OF A MOBILE-DEVICE-BASED INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH IN ACHHAM, NEPAL Sarah M. Van Buren Class of 2013 Brandeis University Senior Honors Thesis in International & Global Studies i | P a g e Advisor, Dr. Sarita Bhalotra Dwarika Rawal Female Community Health Volunteer, Achham District May 6th 2013 Sarah Van Buren | Senior Thesis 2013 Nyaya Health’s Bayalpata Hospital in the foothills of Achham District, Nepal ii. iii. DEAR READER , Curiosity is a peculiarity disregarded in most aspects evaluated from a range of disciplines, reinforcing of life, but lauded in academia. I thank you for the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to acting on impulse and taking the time to peruse. this analysis. The following publication is a senior honors thesis written under the Department of International and I would be sorely amiss not to thank Dr. Duncan Global Studies at Brandeis University. This thesis Maru, Dr. Ashma Baruwal, and the entire Nyaya represents the views of the author and not those of Health team. -
Caste Discrimination and Barriers to Microenterprise Growth in Nepal
WP 2012: 9 Caste discrimination and barriers to microenterprise growth in Nepal Espen Villanger Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) is an independent, non-profit research institution and a major international centre in policy-oriented and applied development research. Focus is on development and human rights issues and on international conditions that affect such issues. The geographical focus is Sub-Saharan Africa, Southern and Central Asia, the Middle East and Latin America. CMI combines applied and theoretical research. CMI research intends to assist policy formulation, improve the basis for decision-making and promote public debate on international development issues. Caste discrimination and barriers to microenterprise growth in Nepal Espen Villanger WP 2012: 9 November 2012 Project number 28095 Project title Poverty traps in industries with low knowledge- and investment barriers Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... iv 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 2. The model ................................................................................................................................................ 5 3. Caste, endowments and livelihood strategies .......................................................................................... 8 3.1 Land ownership ....................................................................................................................................