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Agricultural Survey MAINE STATE LEGISLATURE The following document is provided by the LAW AND LEGISLATIVE DIGITAL LIBRARY at the Maine State Law and Legislative Reference Library http://legislature.maine.gov/lawlib Reproduced from scanned originals with text recognition applied (searchable text may contain some errors and/or omissions) DOCUMENTS PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MAINE. 1861. AUGUSTA: j STEVENS & SAYWARD, PRINTERS TO THE STATE. 18 61. TELEGRAPH. ·BLACK HAWK STALLION, OWNED BY THOS,S.LANG,£S.P. NORlH VASSALBORO. FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE MAINE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 1860. AUGUSTA: STEVENS & SAYWARD, PRINTERS TO THE STATE. 18 6 0. BOARD OF AGRICULTURE .... 1860. ISAAC REED, President. JOHN F. ANDERSON, Vice Presulent. S. L. GOODALE, Secretary. NAME. SOCIETY. P. O. ADDRESS. Term expires January, 1861. John F. Anderson, Cumberland, South Windham. George A. Rogers, Sagadahoc, Topsham. W. E. Drummond, North Kennebec, Winslow. S. L. Goodale, York, Saco. Daniel Lancaster, South Kennebec, Farmingdale. Wm. M. Palmer, East Somerset, Hartland. E. B. Stackpole, West Penobscot, Kenduskeag. N. T. True, Oxford, Bethel. Term expires January, 1862. Seward Dill, North Franklin, • Phillips. E. L. Hammond, Piscataquis, Atkinson. Ashur Davis, North Somerset, South Solon. Hugh Porter, Washington, Pembroke. J. S. Chandler, Franklin, New Sharon. Joel Bean, North Aroostook, Presque Isle. Wm. C. Hammatt, North Penobscot, Howland. Albert Noyes, Bangor Horticultural, Bangor. Alfred Cushman, Penob. & Aroostook Union, Golden Ridge. Samuel Wasson, Hancock, Franklin. Term expires January, 1863. Isaac Reed, Lincoln, Waldoboro'. Albert Moore, West Somerset, North Anson. David Cargill, Kennebec, East Winthrop. Robert Martin, Audrosco ggin, "\Vest Danville. Calvin Chamberlain, Maine State, Fox croft. John Moulton, West Oxford, Porter. Wm. D. Hayden, Somerset Central, Madison Centre. David Norton, "\Valdo, Montville. Warren Percival, Maine Pomological, Vassalboro'. REPORT. To the Senate and House of Representati-ves : .A detailed report of the doings of the Board of Agriculture being required by statute as a part of my Annual Report, I proceed to lay the same before you. The members of the Board assembled at the Agricultural room in the Capitol at Augusta, on the 18th January, 1860, and Robert Martin, Esq., was chosen Chairman pro tempore. Messrs. Wasson, Cushman and Dill were appointed a committee on credentials, and upon their report that a quorum were present, the Board proceeded to ballot for officers for the ensuing year, who were elected as follows : President-ISAAC REED. Vice President-JOHN F. ANDERSON. Secretary-STEPHEN L. GoonALE. The rules of order of last year were adopted. N. T. True was appointed cabinet keeper and librarian. Messrs. Martin, Chamberlain and Dill were appointed a business committee to present subjects for the consideration of the Board. Pending the report of this committee, members were called upon to state the condition and progress of the Societies represented by them, and iri response to the call, remarks were submitted substan­ tially, as follows: Mr. Anderson of Cumberland, said that farming in his county had made very considerable advancement within the past few years. It was just to say that this progress was greatly due to the action of the Cumberland Society. The last year had been more marked in this respect than any that had fallen under his observation. Within the last three years, draining had been introduced and met with marked favor. The second year's operations had more than quadrupled those of the first. Out of twenty-three farms examined during the past year by the committee on general farm improve- 6 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. ments in Cumberland county, twenty-one had undergone more or less of this kind of improvement, and the owners had adopted it as a very important feature in their efforts for improvement. This seemed to him a very striking and gratifying fact in agricultural progress. In his visit to these farms, he had been extremely inter­ ested in hearing the farmers set forth its benefits. They had tried it on a small scale, and were gofog to extend their labors in that direction. Not long ago, very few of these men, if any, would have thought of such a thing as expending money for underdrain­ ing. A manufactory of tiles had been established in Cumberland county; The gentleman who conducts it had informed Mr. A. that the demand for tile now exceeds the supply, while during the first year he almost despaired of making it a profitable business. In this connection, he would express the hope that the Board would in some way advise the State to prescribe the making of tile instead of brick in one of the departments of labor at the Reform School. The profit on. the manufacture would be as great, while the benefit to the community would be greater. There had been great improvement in stock during the last few years. This also was to be largely attributed to the action and measures of the Society. Especially had attention been directed to the matter of keeping stock. More than ever, boards and shin­ gles had been resorted to for the saving of fodder, rather than to more expensive things. Farmers were fast learning that to keep cattle warm saves their hay, and that consideration for cattle and saving to the owner, go together. Nearly every man in Mr. A.'s vicinity now gives his stock good protection ; and the trial is made to see if this mode of dealing will not forward the matter of build­ ing up stock more than any system or quantity of feeding will. Mr. Anderson said that in a report on the subject of sheep and swine made to the Cumberland Society last October, attention was directed to the protection of sheep against mischievous dogs. The object was to see if dog owners could not be induced to substitute for dogs a more profitable animal as a favorite. He would read from the report referred to : " We desire to repeat advice often given unheeded,-' that far­ mers keep fewer dogs and more sheep and hogs,' and propose a question for the earnest thought of those who regard the general good. Would it not be better for the State, if every farmer was allowed a certain number of sheep exempt from taxation, rather than, as now, the sheep-killing dogs? which infest the country, SECRETARY'S REPORT. 7 and in all the State devour, annually, more than $100,000 worth of property, and within our houses, deal out fleas continually, and hydrophobia occasionally. In all seriousness, we ask our brother farmers-ought not the man who keeps a dog, to pay a tax upon him rather than upon a sheep, or twenty of them? Would not such a change in the assessment of taxes be the means of increas­ ing greatly the number of sheep, and result in a great increase to the wealth of our State?" Mr. Anderson enlarged upon the suggestion quoted. The pit­ tance which now results from taxing sheep was nothing compared to the great amount of saving from the taking off the dogs. More­ over there is not a little feeling among poor farmers on the subject of taxing sheep, and many a man refuses to keep them from this cause. The fact that a dog, whose owner holds him worth $50, is untaxed, while the poor man's sheep, which the same dog worries, is the subject of taxation, operates with no good effect. Let the dog, which is almost always a neighborhood nuisance and an of­ fence to every passer-by, give place to a better animal. Mr. Noyes, of the Bangor Horticultural Society, said that it was in a flourishing condition, and increasing in influence. It had a show last autumn, which considering the season, was unusually good. The exhibition of plums was not so good as usual, but other fruits appeared well, and especially apples, which were mag­ nificent. One man exhibited sixty varieties, and finer ones Mr. N. never saw, although he had visited many shows. Pears were very fair, though not so good as in some seasons. Vegetables were remarkably good, squashes in particular, specimens of which were the best he ever saw. The Hubbard squash was particularly prom1smg. Many people had abandoned the Marrowfat for the Hubbard. The latter were better for keeping, and better for pies also. Mr. Chandler of Franklin said he had been a member of their County Agricultural Society twelve to fifteen years ; and. at first not much interest was generally felt-eight or ten years ago mem­ bers became more active. A change was made in their exhibitions which increased the jnterest felt, and about the same time a small fee was charged for admission, though many doubted its expedi­ ency. It worked well, however, and in a few years the amount so received paid the incidental expenses of the show and fair-some $70 or $80. Two years ago a permanent place for the shows was selected. Land was leased for twenty years, and proper arrange- 8 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. ments made at an expense of about $1,100. This placed the Society in debt, but its receiptB have already reduced the debt to about $600. The receipts for the last year were $526, of which $468 were appropriated for premiums. The show was very good in nearly all its departments. The stock exhibited was superior; the teams were mie-not so many in number as at some other times, but in quality a great improvement over former years. Considerable expense had been incurred by enterprising indi­ viduals in procuring choice blooded stock from which much was hoped. The stock generally throM.ghout the county had improved greatly within a few years past.
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