Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 1: Hand Tools 1.0 – General Overview - Page 1 of 2

Home , Halligan bar, Hawk (plasterer's tool), Hose strap, Hydraulic rescue tools, Portable water tank, Vehicle extrication

The most important level working at an IDLH Incident is the Task Level. This is where the actual work takes place that solves the Incidents problems. Firefighters working in a hazard zone are also performing one of the world’s toughest forms of manual labor. We use water and the tools we bring into the hazard zone to; force entry, put the fire out, search the building, open up the building’s concealed spaces, and perform the necessary type(s) of ventilation.

These activities usually start out with our basic set of hand tools and competent water delivery. While these tools are generally primitive and have been around for a while, it is very important that all firefighters know the right tool for the job, as well as being able to use the selected tool safely and effectively. The following section will outline the basic, hazard zone hand tools that we use on a routine basis, along with their best application on the fire ground.

Pick Head Axe: Comes with a 28 – 36 inch fiberglass handle with a 6- 8 pound Axe head on one side and a pick head on the other. This is an excellent prying tool when the pick end is used. The blade side of the tool is effective for cutting through wood, siding, and other natural and lightweight material. It is carried by most firefighters on nearly every fire.

Flat Head Axe: Also comes with a 28 – 36 inch fiberglass handle with a 6- 8 pound Axe head on one side and a flat head on the other. The axe is used to cut through most natural material. The flat head side of the axe is used as a striking tool. Its most often paired with a prying tool to aid in forcible entry and when coupled with the halligan tool, it is referred to as; the “Set of “Irons".

Halligan Bar: A forcible entry and extrication tool that provides firefighters with the needed force or leverage to handle most forcible entry situations. It has a point, a fork and a leverage foot to aid the firefighter in forcing their way into buildings. It can also be used in vehicle extrications as a prying tool.

Set of “Irons”: Is a Flat Head Axe combined with the Halligan Bar. This tool set is primarily

used for forcible entry. 3

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 1: Hand Tools 1.0 – General Overview - Page 2 of 2

Pike Poles: Are a penetrating and pulling tool that have limited use in forcible entry, but in certain instances, such as breaking glass and opening up walls or ceilings, they are the tools of choice. The standard 6 foot Pike Pole (pictured above) has a point and a “hook” at the end of the pole. It is the best tool to use when removing drywall from ceilings or walls. Pike poles come in varying lengths from 3 feet long (closet Pike) to 14 feet long.

There are several different head types that can be used on the end of a pole. Each different attachment has a specific use that it was designed for. Trash Plaster Hook Hook

Sledge Hammer: This is a very versatile tool on the fire ground. It is primarily a striking tool. It comes with a 28 – 36 inch fiberglass handle with a 6 to 10 pound head. This is the best striking tool to use in forcible entry and vehicle extrication.

Bolt Cutters: Is a tool used for cutting chains, padlocks (that are NOT case hardened) bolts, rebar, and wire mesh. It has long handles and short blades, with compound hinges to

maximize leverage and cutting force. 2 bolt cutters are carried on the apparatus, one large set and a smaller set used primarily for wire and smaller locks.

Prybar: Is a tool consisting of a long metal bar with a single curved end and flattened points. It is used as a lever to force apart two objects.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 2: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 2.0 – General PPE Overview - Page 1 of 1

A Thermal Protective Performance (TPP) test rating is required for all structure firefighting gear. The TPP test evaluates the garment material’s thermal insulation in the presence of both direct flame and radiant heat. The purpose of the TPP is to measure the length of time that the person wearing the garment or related equipment can be exposed to a heat source before incurring a second degree burn, or skin blistering.

A TPP rating of 35 is required for structural firefighting protective clothing to meet the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards. A 35 TPP rating will protect a firefighter from flashover temperatures (1,000 to 1,200 degrees F) for 12 to 15 seconds before resulting in a 2nd degree burn. All Clay FD PPE meets or exceeds all NPFA standards. All undergarments must be 100% natural fibers.

Full Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Consists of 7 separate items that are all worn in conjunction together, prior to entering an IDLH Hazard Zone. They are:

1. Helmet 2. Nomex/PBI hood 3. Jacket 4. Gloves 5. Bunker pants 6. Boots 7. SCBA (next section)

Helmet: Structural helmets are made of either thermoplastic or composite material. The brim at the rear of the helmet is longer than the front and a face shield(s) is usually attached to the front.

Nomex/PBI hood: Made with either Nomex or PBI fibers. This garment protects all of the skin above the coat collar that is not being covered by the SCBA face mask.

Jacket: A turnout jacket consists of 3 main layers; 1) An outer heat shell constructed of a PBI/Kevlar weave 2) A moister barrier layer and, 3) A thermal liner. The back of the jacket contains a fallen firefighter drag harness that can be

deployed by raising the Velcro flap and pulling the drag strap.

Gloves: Structural firefighting gloves employ the same functional three-layer construction as the other turnout gear. There is a shell, which may be either leather or textile. Inside the shell is a moisture barrier or barrier layer that may be separate or combined with a thermal lining.

Bunker pants: Are also constructed with the same materials as the jacket. Newer bunker gear also has waterproof knee pads integrated in their construction. A good firefighter will always use red suspenders to hold up their bunker pants.

Boots: Newer bunker boots are constructed using insulated leather with oil resistant rubber soles. All structural firefighting boots have steel toes to prevent toe injuries and a steel insole to prevent puncture injuries to the bottom of the foot. 5

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 3: Firefighter Skills Course 3.0 – General Overview - Page 1 of 4

One of the physical activities that all recruits will participate in during the academy is the skills course. The skills course is designed to simulate the actual work we routinely perform on the fire ground. The intention of the skills course is to train recruits to perform critical fire ground tasks using various firefighting tools, wearing full protective clothing, breathing from an SCBA, while following all of Clay Fire's air management policies.

The course was designed to simulate activities of an actual working fire, where firefighters often breath down two full SCBA bottles during the course of the incident.

The skills course also serves as a valuable tool for the recruit training officers to assess tool and job skills, initiative, team work, and the aerobic conditioning of the recruit based on their air consumption rates.

Training captains will participate with you in the skills course to determine an acceptable pace for the company and to monitor the safety of the crew. Other department members may sometimes participate as an extra member or supervisor of the crew.

All tasks will be evaluated by the company officer to ensure that the recruits receive maximum instruction in handling the various tools while properly performing all of the skill stations.

All recruits are expected to possess the strength and conditioning necessary to keep up with their crew and maintain fire ground accountability.

Close teamwork is required to ensure that all recruits operate in a safe manner and receive the benefit of learning the techniques required for the skills from their company officer.

Another great benefit of the skills course is the physical conditioning that you’ll develop over the course of the academy, as well as building a sense of camaraderie and team spirit with your fellow classmates.

There are 3 phases of the Clay Fire Recruit Academy. The last phase of the academy is the Firefighter 1 and 2 instruction and certification process.

In the first 2 stages, prior to the Firefighter 1 and 2 portion of the academy, recruits will run the skills course while not wearing an SCBA.

Once all recruits are certified to wear an SCBA at the start of the FF 1 & 2 phase of the academy, all skill course evolutions will be performed wearing your full PPE and SCBA while adhering to all of Clay Fire's air management policies.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 3: Firefighter Skills Course 3.0 – General Overview - Page 2 of 4

Before setting up the course, the recruits will be divided up into 4 person companies. Each company will have a company officer assigned to them.

All passport and accountability SOP's will be followed while working on the training grounds.

Each company will report to the training grounds with their full PPE and set up the skills course. The course takes about 5 to 10 minutes to set up depending on how many people are assisting.

Once all of the props have been set up, assigned crews will spread out among the different stations in the skills course with their company officer.

The company officer will document all of the company members starting air levels before starting the skills course.

A horn (or loud voice) will signal all companies to start working at their first assigned skill station. Air Check Being Performed

The company officer will direct their crew to go on air once the first horn is sounded.

No recruit will go off air during the skills course without permission from their assigned company officer.

Each station will be performed approximately 2 to 3 minutes or until the horn sounds. This signals all of companies to switch to another skill station on the course.

Prior to moving to the next skill station, the company officer will perform and document an air check with the members of their crew. Once documented, move to, and start working at the next assigned skill station.

Recruits are required to monitor their air consumption rates and cylinder pressures at all times.

Recruits must notify their company officer when their air cylinder pressure is at 50% capacity. The company officer will make the decision on whether to complete the current skill station or exit the skills course.

An SCBA air cylinder should provide the user a sufficient amount of air to complete at least 3 to 4 skill stations.

Recruits air supplies should be managed in a way that all members of the company exit the skills course with a 25% air reserve, without being on bells.

After 3 to 4 skill stations have been performed, the horn will sound, all members on the course will stop working and they will report to the rehab area where they will recycle. 8

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 3: Firefighter Skills Course 3.0 – General Overview - Page 3 of 4

The recycle process - hydration and a quick cylinder change - directly simulates what occurs on an actual working fire.

While recycling between work cycles, and depending on the current weather conditions, each recruit will rehydrate with a minimum of 16 ounces of water or Gatorade only.

Members will assist each other in changing out air cylinders while recycling.

The company officer assigned to the crew will insure that all members are well hydrated and physically ready to return to the skills course prior to exiting the rehab area.

Companies will then follow the same skill course procedures on their second work cycle.

After your second air cylinder is properly consumed, you’ll report with your crewmembers to the rehab area for a final rehab. Again, each recruit will rehydrate with a minimum of 16 ounces of water or Gatorade.

Once all members have been properly rehabbed and checked out by their company officer, clean up will begin. This includes the cleaning, maintenance and proper storage of all equipment used on the course, cleaning up all OSB wood chips, and a general policing of the academy grounds that would make Clay Fire's taxpayers proud.

The skills course stations consists of the following events:

Ladder Raise - Firefighters routinely utilize ground ladders to perform a variety of tasks on a fire ground. This prop simulates extending the weight of a 35 foot extension ladder. You need to possess the strength to completely raise the fly section of the ladder to accomplish this task.

Ceiling Pull Simulation - The ceiling prop simulates the effort required to pull ceilings in order to check for fire extension into an overhead concealed space. This prop consists of a 1/2 inch sheet of OSB mounted overhead. You’re required to create a hole in the OSB large enough to adequately check for fire extension.

Ventilation prop - The purpose of this prop is to simulate the force necessary to ventilate a roof, force entry, or tear apart a wood structure to check for fire extension when using an axe. You’ll be evaluated on striking a wood structure with an axe approximately 50 times while properly maintaining control of tool.

Forcible Entry Simulation - Many times in the beginning of fire operations, firefighters will need to force entry into a structure using sledgehammers and other related tools. This prop is designed to simulate the effort needed to force entry into a building or provide vehicle extrication on an auto accident. On this prop, you’ll strike a car with a sledgehammer approximately 50 times while properly maintaining control of tool. 9

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 3: Firefighter Skills Course 3.0 – General Overview - Page 4 of 4

Hose Drag - On all working fires, hand lines will need to be extended from a pumping apparatus to the seat of the fire. Many times, handlines need to be extended beyond 300 feet. The hose drag prop simulates the weight of extending a two and half inch hand line 200 ft. You’ll drag a tire this distance, simulating the weight of a typical hand line stretch.

Confined Space Crawl - Firefighters routinely operate in confined conditions that require them to crawl while stretching lines and searching structures. This prop is designed to test your ability to operate in a confined area. This exercise requires you to crawl through the confined space course. You will be evaluated on your ability to perform this exercise in a timely manner.

High-rise Pack Simulation - Firefighters are routinely required to carry heavy equipment and hose up several flights of stairs to reach the location of the fire. It’s important that you possess the strength and stamina to carry the required equipment to support firefighting operations on an above grade fire floor. A 5 inch hose bundle is used to simulate 65 pounds of gear and you are expected to ascend to the roof of the burn cans in a timely manner.

Lines Aloft Prop Using a Drop Bag Rope - When operating on a roof or an upper story of a building, fire fighters sometimes advance hose lines and equipment to these locations using a drop bag. This prop simulates raising a charged hand line from grade level to the roof of a 3 story building. A rope is attached to a prop and you’ll be required to raise and lower the prop three times from grade level to your location. You’ll be evaluated on the strength and stamina required to perform this fire ground task.

Several other job related props can and will be inserted into the skills course during the course of the academy.

The average length of time to complete the course is 45 to 50 minutes. This includes the recycle and rehab times. The actual work time on the course is approximately 25 minutes. Two - 12 minute work cycles with no recruit exiting the course on SCBA bells.

As you can see, all the events of the skills course are directly related to firefighting activities that are routinely performed on the fire ground. It is Clay Fire's intention to produce the best trained and conditioned firefighters in the country. The skills course is an important part of that training and conditioning process.

Click on the graphic to launch the Skills Course video

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 4: Air Management 4.0 – SCBA Required Use and Operating Procedure - Page 1 of 1

A structure fire IDHL atmosphere consists of a toxic air supply and high heat in varying degrees. The 4 key elements that allow us to safely operate in a typical IDLH atmosphere are:  Our SOP’s  A strong, strategic based Incident Command System  Water, along with the tools and the ability to deliver it, and…..  Our Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE)

The centerpiece of our PPE is the Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). Without it, the modern day fire service could not enter into, or operate inside of an IDLH atmosphere. Our lives depend on the standard mechanical operation of the SCBA, as well as how well we manage the air supply that we bring with us into an IDLH atmosphere.

All personnel expected to respond to and function in IDLH areas, shall be equipped with an SCBA and trained in its proper use and maintenance.

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus shall be used by all personnel operating: • In any IDLH atmosphere • In an atmosphere which may become IDLH • In an atmosphere which is oxygen deficient • In an atmosphere which is suspected of being oxygen deficient or IDLH

This includes all personnel operating: • In an active fire area. • D irectly above an active fire area • Overhauling in a contaminated area • In any potential fire/smoke areas • Whenever products of combustion are visible in the atmosphere • W here toxic products are suspected to be present, or may be released without warning. • In any confined space which has not been tested to establish respiratory safety.

Each member in a riding position shall be accountable for one (1) S.C.B.A. and shall check the condition of that S.C.B.A. at the beginning of each shift, after each use, and at any other time it may be necessary to render the SCBA in a ready state of condition.

If at any time, an S.C.B.A. is found to be functioning improperly, it shall be taken out of service, red tagged, repo rted, and replaced immediately.

The use of breathing apparatus signifies that the user shall have face pieces in place, breathing air from the bottle.

Members operating in the Warm Zone of an Incident (uncontaminated area just outside of the hazard zone) will operate wearing their SCBA with the face piece removed, conserving air. Wearing the SCBA in these situations insures that it will be immediately available for use if conditions change or if personnel are directed to enter an area where the use of the SCBA is required.

Members must achieve an air tight; face piece-to-skin seal with their mask. Facial hair shall not be allowed at points where the SCBA face piece is designed to seal with the skin of the face.

Premature removal of the SCBA must be avoided at all times, especially during overhaul, when smoldering materials may produce increased quantities of carbon monoxide and other toxic products. In these cases, an SCBA must be used or the atmosphere must be changed. 11

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 4: Air Management 4.1 – SCBA Unit Overview - Page 1 of 2

MSA Fire Hawk –SCBA: Clay Fire uses this type of SCBA. The main components of the MSA SCBA are:

Carrier and Harness Assembly: Secures the SCBA bottle and evenly distributes the SCBA’s weight over the hips for comfort and stability. The composite plastic back plate is reinforced with fibers and features spine strain reduction components. Shoulder straps with easy-release friction buckles and a center-pull waist belt system are design to be quickly deployed without entanglements.

Air Cylinders: Clay Fire uses an MSA carbon wrapped, 30 minute rated, 4,500 psi air cylinder (bottle). Several tests, involving thousands of bottle breath downs, indicate the average air supply while working with this bottle is 16 minutes and 30 seconds (no air left in the bottle to breathe).

High Pressure Regulator: It would be impossible to breath from a high pressure air bottle without first reducing the air pressure down to a point that it won’t blow the user’s lungs out. The first stage regulator reduces the high pressure from the air cylinder to below 10 psi before delivering the air pressure to the second stage regulator that mounts directly to the face piece.

Mask Mounted Regulator: The respirator is a belt-mounted pressure-demand regulator with a quick-disconnect assembly. The regulator is designed to maintain a slight positive pressure of air inside the face piece whether the wearer is inhaling or exhaling. This helps prevent contaminants from seeping inside the face piece, even if there should be small breaks in the face-to-face piece seal.

The second stage regulator features a unique slide to connect attachment system that allows firefighters to hang the regulator on the face piece in the "ready position", then simply push it into the face piece when SCBA air is needed.

Removing the regulator while wearing gloves is very easy with the two large release buttons that automatically turn off the flow of air as the regulator is removed . A dual swivel feature on the pressure hose provides maximum freedom of head movement.

MSA – Ultra Elite Face Piece: Features include • Inhalation check valve • Molded polycarbonate lens • Air Pressure HUD LED lights • Voice amplifier Clear Command Mask Mounted • Adjustable rubber straps Voice Amplifier • Hairnet-style head harness

The mask is designed to provide the user with good peripheral and downward vision. The advanced synthetic rubber provides a soft face piece texture for a smooth and comfortable fit. It also resists chemical attack and temperature extremes, and withstands rugged day-to- day use without tearing and ripping. To provide a secure, comfortable fit, the face piece utilizes five adjustable straps with stainless steel, field-replaceable buckles that resist heat and chemical attack. The straps also feature slightly larger adjustment tabs that are easier to manipulate with gloves on.

The Face Piece Heads Up Display (HUD) lights (located inside of the mask) should correspond to the bottles actual air pressure and the Pass Units HUD air pressure display. 12

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 4: Air Management 4.1 – SCBA Unit Overview - Page 2 of 2

Integrated PASS Unit: Combines the features of an integrated PASS Unit, with the functionality of an Air Heads-Up-Display (HUD). The unit uses a single AA battery for power. The battery level of the unit must be verified whenever the unit is put into a ready state.

When the Unit is in the monitor mode, a bright green LED flashes behind the translucent manual PASS “Alarm” button. When the PASS goes into full alarm, the light turns red for quick recognition of a firefighter in distress.

The PASS alarm system will start to give the user warning tones that indicat e the unit will go to into full alarm in 5 seconds when it remains motionless for over 20 seconds. Simply shake the PASS unit to disarm the pre- alert tones.

The PASS device is also activated into full alarm by holding down the front alarm button for 3 seconds. To deactivate a full alarm, press the yellow reset button that is located on the side of the unit 2 times.

A user’s air supply is divided up into fourths. A fourth of the air supply of a 4,500 psi bottle is

approximately 1,100 psi.

The Pass Units HUD will display to the user the bottles current air pressure in 10 psi increments. This pressure should not differ from the bottle pressure gauge by more than 400 psi.

The Face Piece Heads Up Display (HUD) lights (located inside of the mask) should correspond to the Pass Units HUD air pressure display.

% of Air – Face Piece HUD LED’s Face piece Air HUD lights PASS air HUD screen

100% to 75% Air Remaining 4,500 to 3,400 psi

Face Piece Air HUD: 4 Green LED’s

75% to 50% Air Remaining 3,400 to 2,250 psi Face Piece Air HUD: 3 Green LED’s

50% to 25% Air Remaining 2,250 to 1,100 psi Face Piece Air HUD: 2 Yellow LED’s LED’s will flash approx. 30-60 seconds Make sure the PASS air HUD, the Mask’s HUD before low air warning and bell goes off LED lights, and the bottle pressure gauge all match within 400 psi of each other. 25% or Less Air Remaining 1,100 to 0 psi Face Piece Air HUD: 1 flashing Red LED SCBA warning bell will sound until the bottle is fully shut off and bled of air

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 4: Air Management 4.2 – Checking and Donning the SCBA - Page 1 of 4

Morning relief and SCBA set-up:

The first action that any field member will take when arriving on duty will be the proper relief of their counterpart and performing a morning a check of all of the equipment they’re responsible for.

Properly remove and stow your counterpart’s turnout gear. Remember, always treat your counterparts PPE with the same respect you want yours to be treated with.

Place your turnout gear on the apparatus in a ready state. Always be in a position to a respond quickly and safely to all dispatches. All members must be fully turned out prior to mounting the apparatus for fire dispatches.

Once all of your turnout gear is in its proper place and ready to go, address the SCBA for your riding position and perform a thorough morning check of the unit.

Donning the SCBA from a riding position:

Clay Fire apparatus riding positions have the SCBA brackets built right into the seats. 90% of time, members will deploy out of the apparatus wearing their SCBA on a fire call.

After the SCBA is checked off and placed in a ready state, place the unit back into the apparatus in manner that allows the user to easily place themselves into the unit prior to the apparatus responding.

All personnel must be seated with their seat belt properly in place before the apparatus can move.

Please refer to the check-off sheet and video for donning your SCBA while in a riding position.

Donning the SCBA from a standing position:

Overhead method - There will be times when a member will be required to don their SCBA from a standing position. All recruit firefighters will be required to don their SCBA from a standing position under the maximum amount of time allowed for the task (60 seconds).

Clay Fire uses the 2 handed, over the head throwing method to don the SCBA while standing. Full PPE must be worn when donning from a standing position. Please refer to the check-off sheet and video for donning your SCBA in a standing position.

All members must perform a buddy check to insure all PPE is properly in place before entering the hazard zone.

All members who deploy their SCBA during their shift must perform the SCBA ready state check off procedure before placing the unit back into service.

Backpack method -

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 4: Air Management 4.2 – Checking and Donning the SCBA - Page 2 of 4

SCBA Ready State Check Off Procedure

Student Date: Evaluator Pass/Fail Visually check the overall physical condition of the unit and remove the rubber dust cover from the ICM Quick-Fill fitting. Make sure all straps are fully extended and ready for use Ensure the cylinder valve is closed and purge the system of any residual air using the Red Bypass Control knob. Close the bypass fully Disconnect the High Pressure Coupling Nut and check condition of the nipple seal gasket / “O” Ring Reconnect the High Pressure Coupling Nut, making sure that the Audi-Alarm Audible Bell is properly aligned. (Hand tight only) Check condition of the grey “O” Ring on the Mask Mounted Regulator Insert Regulator into face piece. Check for proper engagement by pulling on the Regulator to ensure regulator is securely attached to the face piece Check the face piece for a negative seal. Hold the face piece against the face and inhale in face piece to check for proper seal. Hold for approximately five seconds. Negative pressure should be maintained in the face piece. Exhale to check for operation of Exhalation Valve Remove the face piece from your face and depress the Shutoff Button on the Regulator. Do not disengage Regulator from face piece Open Cylinder Valve fully and listen for activation of Audi-Alarm Audible Bell, and the Redundant Low Air Alarm on the ICM. Ensure activation of HUD if equipped. Check Cylinder and ICM gauge for accuracy. (There should be no more than 400 psi difference) Check the Pass Alarm by allowing the unit to remain motionless. Allow the unit to remain motionless until the pre-alert begins to sound. Shake the ICM to reset the PASS Alarm. Allow the Pass Alarm to go into full alert by allowing the unit to remain motionless The Pass Alarm will activate in approximately 20 seconds. The Pass Alarm will go through a series of rising audible tones before activation of full alarm. Reset PASS once in full alarm Don the face piece, inhale and check operation; test the bypass by fully opening and closing the red bypass control knob. Remove the face piece from your face, allowing a flow of air to insure positive pressure. Depress the shutoff button on the bottom of the Fire hawk Mask Mounted Regulator. Doff the face piece. Do not disengage Regulator from face piece Close Cylinder Valve; watch the Remote Gauge for 10 seconds. Note: Any drop in pressure indicates a leak Open the Bypass Control Knob slightly, watch the Remote Gauge and listen for activation of the Audi- Alarm Audible Bell and Redundant Low Air Alarm on the ICM to activate at approximately 1300 psi. When residual air is completely bled from unit, fully close the Red Bypass Control Knob. Remove Regulator. Turn off the ICM Pass / Redundant Low Air Alarm by depressing the Yellow Button 2 times Disengage Mask Mounted Regulator from face piece and place in pouch Replace the rubber dust cover on the male fitting of the ICM Quick-Fill Fitting. Rotate dust cover to take up any slack with connection strap Replace the rubber dust cover on the male fitting of the ICM Quick-Fill Fitting. Rotate dust cover to take up any slack with connection strap kinks as possible

Click on the graphic to play the Morning SCBA Check-Off Procedure Video 15

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 4: Air Management 4.2 – Checking and Donning the SCBA - Page 3 of 4

Donning SCBA from a Riding Position Student: Date: Evaluator: Pass/Fail: Once the SCBA check is completed; place the unit back into its riding position in a manner that will allow the user to quickly and correctly don the unit while in a seated position. Go to your riding position and quickly don all of your PPE before getting into the cab of the truck Place your opposite hand and arm through the strap closest to the window while looking at the mask Spin your back side 180 degrees into the seat while adjusting the window strap across your shoulder, do not tighten until the other strap is in place Locate the opposite shoulder strap; place it over your other shoulder Once both shoulder straps are in place, tighten both straps Properly apply your seat belt – You are now ready to respond Once at the scene and the parking brake is set, properly dismount the apparatus by looking both ways before stepping out of the cab As soon as you exit the cab, put on your helmet, adjust the bottom of your coat, locate the belt harness buckles, buckle them together and tighten the belt strap Before entering the hazard zone – fully open your SCBA bottle Remove your helmet and place your hood at the back of your neck. Remove the face piece from the pouch, place over your head, and properly adjust on your face Cover all skin above the coat with you nomex hood Put on your helmet and properly secure Retrieve the face piece regulator from the belt bracket and click the regulator onto the front of the face piece. Pull the regulator to insure it is properly secured Your first breath will activate the regulator and start the air flow

Click on the picture to play donning the SCBA from a Riding Position Video

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 4: Air Management 4.2 – Checking and Donning the SCBA - Page 4 of 4

Donning SCBA from a Standing Position – Over the head Student: Date: Evaluator: Pass/Fail: Full protect clothing will be required Correctly address the mask on the ground or in a compartment Place your hands through the shoulder straps and with your right hand, grasp the bottle valve Fully open the bottle valve. This is where the donning time starts, when the bell sounds Once the bottle is fully open, grasp the unit with both hands and stand upright.

Once upright, using the 2 handed method, throw the bottle over your head while keeping your arms elevated

Once settled on your back, simultaneously tighten both chest straps Buckle the packs waist belt and properly tighten Remove your helmet and place your hood at the back of your neck. Remove the face piece from the pouch, place over your head, and properly adjust on your face Cover all skin above the coat with you nomex hood Put on your helmet and properly secure Retrieve the face piece regulator from the belt bracket and click the regulator onto the front of the face piece. Pull the regulator to insure it is properly secured Your first breath will activate the regulator and start the air flow. This is where the donning time will be stopped

Click on the picture to play donning the SCBA from a Standing Position Video

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 4: Air Management 4.3 – Hazard Zone/IDLH Air Management Policy - Page 1 of 2

Companies working on the task level have the greatest stake at the Incident because they operate inside the hazard zone. No hazard zone management system can outperform unsafe behaviors on the task level. Task level responsibilities include:

 Wearing the proper PPE  Being properly assigned into the hazard zone  Properly using the passport accountability system  Staying together as a company  All members attached to a hose line

 Always maintaining an adequate air supply to safely exit the hazard zone,  Maximum depth into a structure – 175 feet – based on air supply  No freelancing.

The following rules will be adhered to at all times on the task level:

The minimum number of personnel assigned to a crew or a team operating in a hazard zone shall be two firefighters with a least one portable radio.

Crews or teams always go in and come out together.

All personnel working in a hazard zone will either bring in their own handline or work under the protection of a handline located in their same geographic location.

All personnel shall be in contact with their Company Officer by either:  Voice (radio)  Vision (TIC),  Touch (hose line)

Company and SDG officers should conclude CAN and progress reports with the accountability of all members/units that are under their supervision.

Company officers shall also give an accountability report upon exiting the hazard zone to either the IC or their assigned SDG boss.

Any member whose job assignment is to operate outside of the hazard area is NOT to enter the hazard area without the express permission of the member’s company officer.

NO member shall operate in the hazard zone alone.

Members are totally dependent on the air that they bring with them into the hazard zone. We must base our operations around the realistic working times of our SCBA’s. Company officers must maintain an awareness of their crew’s air levels and the decision to exit the hazard zone must be governed by maintaining an adequate air reserve to deal with any sudden or unplanned events while exiting.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 4: Air Management 4.3 – Hazard Zone/IDLH Air Management Policy - Page 2 of 2

All members utilizing an SCBA in the hazard zone of an incident shall monitor the amount of air in their SCBA cylinder as well as their rate of air consumption in order to exit the hazard zone prior to their low air alarm activation of the SCBA (25% air left).

It is critical that all 3 (three) operational levels on the fire ground understand that the initial 75% of a crews air supply is to "enter the hazard area, work in the hazard zone and exit the hazard zone". The remaining 25% of the air supply is an emergency air reserve only to be used if an emergency occurs while exiting the hazard zone. Members exiting the hazard zone with less than 25% of their air, without an incident, will be considered to have had a failure in managing their air supply.

Every member shall check their SCBA at the beginning of the shift to insure that they have a full air cylinder. On the fireground, every firefighter is responsible for managing their own air supply and frequently communicating the status of their air supply to their company officer.

Prior to entry into the hazard zone, the company officer will brief his/her crew on the plan for achieving the tactical objectives, including a safe exit plan from the hazard zone with the crew intact. This insures the crew has a "round trip ticket" into and out of the hazard zone.

The maximum depth into an IDHL structure is 175 feet. This is based on air supply times. All members shall maintain constant contact with the hose line and manage the line so that excessive hose is not brought into the structure. This will assist in reducing travel time while following the hose line out of the building when air management is the most critical.

A user’s air supply is divided up into fourths. A fourth of the air supply of a 4,500 psi bottle is approximately 1,100 psi. The Pass Units HUD will display to the user the bottles current air pressure in 10 psi increments and should match up the HUD LED lights in the Face Piece.

100% to 75% Air 75% to 50% Air 50% to 25% Air

4 Green LED’s 3 Green LED’s 2 Yellow LED’s Safe to continue working Safe to continue working Notify Company

Officer Have an Exit Plan 25% or Less Air - 1 flashing RED LED

IMMEDIATELY EXIT THE HAZARD ZONE Members exiting the hazard zone with less than 25% of their air, without an incident, will be considered to have had a failure in managing their air supply.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 4: Search and Rescue 4.4 – General Overview - Page 1 of 2

Offensive Incident Action Planning

When an incident’s critical factors and the risk-management plan indicate the offensive strategy, firefighting forces will enter the structure (IDLH hazard zone) to attempt to control the incident hazards and clear the building. An offensive IAP is based on the standard offensive tactical priorities.

Offensive Tactical Priorities and their corresponding completion benchmarks:

 Fire Control – “Under Control”  Life Safety/Search and Rescue – Primary and Secondary “All Clear(s)”  P roperty Conservation – “Loss Stopped”  Customer Stabilization – Short term

The offensive tactical priorities establish the major operational activities required for a complete, integrated effort, and they identify the three major functions we must complete to establish the overall incident response.

Offensive Search and Rescue Operations

One of the major tactical priorities to accomplish as early as possible in the event is to search for and remove any savable, endangered occupants in the hazard zone, and to protect any customers exposed to the incident’s hazards.

For offensive structural fires, we achieve the life-safety priority by performing primary and secondary searches in the main fire occupancy and in any exposures threatened by the fire. The Incident Commander (IC) uses the standard rescue order to prioritize and manage these searches. The Rescue Order is the standard order that we use to search a hazard zone:

1. The most endangered 2. The largest group 3. The remainder of the fire area/structure 4. The exposures

We initiate the completion of the offensive tactical priorities by companies advancing attack lines to the interior of burning structures. This fulfills the Rescue Order by:

 Advancing initial lines directly to the most hazardous area of the building—the burning part – places crews in the same area as to the most endangered group.  Initial interior crews will be searching and protecting the same corridors that the occupants in the building would use to evacuate.  The hand line protects FF’s, it starts to control the problem, and it gives the search operation an “anchor point” to clear the rest of the structure from.  All initial attack efforts must be directed toward supporting rescue efforts and hose lines must be placed in a manner to control interior access, confine/control the fire, and protect avenues of escape.

The IC is responsible for assigning all incident resources in order to achieve a quick and effective primary search of the affected areas of the structure(s). The IC will assign companies to search specific geographical areas of structure. This eliminates searching the same area multiple times, while other critical areas remain unsearched.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 4: Search and Rescue 4.4 – General Overview - Page 2 of 2

When encountering larger, high density, compartmentalized, multi-unit/room residential structures, it is often more effective to implement a “protect in place” life safety operation as opposed to removing multiple people from a structure who are not directly exposed to the incident hazards. These actions should include:

 Secure and protect normal means of egress  Search and clear the immediate areas of involvement  Contain, control and eliminate the incident problem

 Remove the products of combustion  Systematically clear the remainder of the fire area/exposures

When primary search companies encounter and remove victims, Command will assign other companies to continue to cover the interior search positions vacated by those companies. Command will also request and provide the necessary medical resources to treat any patients encountered on the incident site.

Primary All-Clear is defined as: a quick search and clearing of all affected areas of the structure(s).

Primary searches are usually performed under zero visibility conditions with the possibility of high heat. They need to be performed quickly with a high safety and accountability focus on the searchers.

Secondary All-Clear is defined as: a much more thorough, methodical search of the affected areas of the structure(s) once the conditions in the structure have been completely controlled.

Command will obtain Secondary All Clears of all affected areas once the first 3 tactical priorities have been achieved.

Occupancy type - will many times drive the incident's search priorities. Residential occupancy types must have a high life safety focus because these structures can be occupied 24/7/365.

Strip malls, commercial buildings and big box fires have a much lower life safety hazard and all initial actions should be directed towards putting water on the fire unless there is credible information of survivable occupants inside of the hazard zone.

Search and Rescue rules of thumb:

 The 1st handline should go directly to the fire for firefighter safety and to support completing primary and secondary searches.  In working situations, “All-clears” must be obtained for all residential occupancies.  Smaller sized occupancies will accommodate a much more rapid search.  Larger sized commercial occupancies – all initial efforts directed towards fire control.  A TIC’s primary use is for S&R and crew accountability – use it every time.  All personnel working in the hazard zone must either bring in their own handline or work under the protection of a handline located in their same geographic location while performing search operations.  Once “All-Clears” have been gained in operational areas, the IC must constantly consider that we are the only life safety threat in the hazard zone.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 4: Search and Rescue 4.5 –Operating in Zero Visibility / Orientation / Search and Rescue techniques - Page 1 of 2

Zero Visibility - The more that we can see around us, the more aware we are of our surroundings.

Therefore; the more we can see, the safer we are vs. the less we can see, the less safe we are.

One of the products of combustion is smoke. Smoke consists of unburned vapors and small particles that reflect most light, making it very difficult to see through, even in small amounts of smoke. Most of the time that we enter into an offensive fire; we will encounter zero visibility conditions somewhere inside of the structure.

Orientation Skills - The skills we use to search the interior of buildings with low to zero visibility are the same skill sets we use to locate the fire, operate in the building, and safely exit the structure. It is essential that all firefighting personnel be able to operate in a confined, zero visibility environment for extended periods of time while always maintaining your orientation and staying calm. This means:

 You always know where you are  You always know how you got there  You always know how to exit the structure  You always know where your other crew members are

This orientation process starts by sizing up the actual incident and knowing the typical interior layouts of the structures in your first due areas. Example: The predominant, single family residence in Clay Fire Territory is a 2 story house with a basement. Its typical layout is:

 1st floor - Kitchen, living room, dining room, laundry, garage, and probably 1 bedroom or den  2nd floor - Usually all dedicated to bedrooms, center hallway, with a possible living room/den  Basement - Living room, bedrooms, HVAC equipment, hot water heaters, utility connections

Firefighters must deduce these layouts and use them as reference and orientation points when operating in low visibility. This coupled with trying to pinpoint the exact location of the fire prior to entry (performing a full 360) will give firefighters a pretty good idea of where they need to go, how they will get there in order to control the problem, along with how they will prioritize their search areas.

Handline Management - No Clay firefighter can enter into an IDLH atmosphere without the protection of a charged hoseline. This usually equates into every unit assigned into the interior of the building bringing in their own charged attack line. Your handline plays a HUGE role in staying oriented in a low visibility environment. A charged hoseline in a zero visibility atmosphere (or an atmosphere that may become zero visibility) provides the following:

 Gives firefighters a life line to their exit point  Hose couplings can be used to navigate out of the building  It protects firefighters from thermal insult  Gives you the ability to extinguish the fire. This always makes conditions better!  Manages the depths you can enter into a structure

MALE FEMALE

Threaded attack hose will always be loaded in a manner that has the "Male" coupling pointing to the "Fire". The "Female" coupling will always point towards the "Exit". When attached together, the female coupling is always longer and the back half of the coupling is smooth with no spanner wrench ridges. "Reading Couplings" with gloved hands is a skill every firefighter must master. 22

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 4: Search and Rescue 4.5 – Orientation / Operating in Zero Visibility / Search and Rescue - Page 2 of 2

Search & Rescue Techniques - In residential structures, firefighters will stay physically attached to the hoseline in most open areas of the home while searching for the fire and any possible victims. A typical bedroom is 10 x 10 ft. Stretching a hoseline into these smaller spaces is difficult and time consuming.

The bedroom areas of the house are also typically connected with a common hallway. When searching the bedroom areas of a home, the preferred search method is to stretch the handline down the length of the hallway. One member will remain on the nozzle, while the other member breaks off of the handline to perform a quick primary search of all the bedrooms connected to the hallway. When operating in this manner, the hoseline is always protecting both firefighters.

When using this method to search smaller sized rooms, the loud voices of the team members becomes the best way for the 2 firefighters to stay connected and maintain accountability with each other. It also greatly assists the searching firefighter in maintain their orientation to where the rooms exit point is and where the handline is located.

Door openings - Whichever way the door opens into the room, start your search on the wall on the opposite side of where the opened door is mounted. A door leading into most rooms will typically be mounted and will swing open to your left side when entering the room. This is why we usually perform "Right Hand" wall searches.

Wall Searches - Whether performing a Right or Left hand wall search, your actions will be the same:

 Place your right/left hand or shoulder on the room wall next the door opening and conduct your search while always maintaining contact with the wall.  Work your way systematically around the walls of the room, depending on if it's a right or left hand search.  A typical FF wing span is about 6 ft. wide, the searching firefighter should always have an axe, closet pike or a sledge hammer with them. Use the handle of the tool to assist you with clearing the room and sweeping under objects such as beds or cribs.  You should always end up back at the same entry point. When there, exit, reattach to the handline, follow the handline to the next doorway and repeat until all bedrooms have been cleared.  Once the small room searches are completed, reattach yourself to the hoseline and proceed to your next objective with your other crew members.

Thermal Imaging Camera (TIC) - The Company Officer on all Clay apparatus are trained and equipped with a TIC. The TIC greatly assists the Officer with firefighter accountability and search and rescue operations. An officer using the TIC will use verbal communications with their firefighters to direct them in search and fire control activities.

Thermal Imaging Camera Screen Displays

Search and Rescue techniques are a very hands on, intensive training process that firefighters must invest countless hours into developing. We do this because these are the skills we all need to fall back on in the fast moving, highly dynamic situations that we routinely operate in.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.0 – General Water Properties - Page 1 of 1

Clay Fire Territory is comprised of areas supplied by fire hydrants that are equally mixed with areas that have no fire hydrants. Members must have a high skill level when using either fire hydrants or water shuttle operations to supply water because we are expected as a service to put water on the fire (we should be very good at it). This all starts with a good general working knowledge of water’s physical properties:

 Water weighs approx. 8.3 lbs per US gallon

 Water is the only known compound that can exist in 3 separate states:  Solid – When frozen below 32º F  Liquid – In temperatures between 32º F and 212º F  Vapor – In temperatures above 212º F

 Water expands 9% when going from a liquid state to a solid state. This is very important to know when working with water in freezing temperatures. Water left in un-drained hose, appliances and pumps can be severely damage when the water in these devices freezes.

 Water has the second highest specific heat absorbing capacity of any known substance (liquid ammonia is #1). A British Thermal Unit (BTU) is based on the amount of heat energy needed to heat 1 pound of fresh water from 39°F to 40°F.

 Water in its liquid state has a very high surface tension. Water is attracted to and combines easily with other water molecules. This is called cohesion. Water can also be attracted to other materials.

 Agents can be added to water to help lower the surface tension such as foam. This is done to help water better penetrate into deep seated fires in Class A combustibles (cotton, mulch fires, large pile fires, etc.).

 Water in a liquid state can expand up to 1,700 times it original size when turning into steam. The force and speed of the steam conversion depends on the heated material, the amount of heat energy being released, and the amount and speed of the water application.

 Water cannot be compressed. Attempts to do so will result in steam explosions. This is why the most effective pump for moving large amounts of water are centrifugal pumps.

 Water can travel between 25 and 75 mph when being flowed out of a device. This coupled with the sheer weight of water - makes shutting off the flow critical. Water hammer is a pressure surge or wave resulting when water in motion is forced to suddenly stop or change in direction. Water hammer commonly occurs when a valve is closed suddenly or too quickly at an end of a pipeline system and a pressure wave propagates in the pipe. Fire department caused water hammer has resulted in billions of dollars of damage to water piping and pumping systems. Use great care when shutting down fire flows.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.1 – Apparatus Water Intake Valves and Openings - Page 1 of 1

All pumper intake valves are plumbed to go directly into the pump. The water can then be diverted though a pump discharge opening or into the apparatus’s water tank. Each individual water intake valve on the truck has its own specific use. All members need to be familiar with each valve and the setting where each valve will be used.

Gated suction with a relief valve (piston intake valve) – This intake valve is only used with a pressurized water source. This can be a supply line from a fire hydrant or another apparatus pumping the supply line. This valve is always located on the biggest supply opening into the pump and will flow the capacity of the pump. The handle must be turned counterclockwise aprox 20 times to completely move the piston valve from the opening. This helps to prevent water hammer. The internal pressure relief valve is set at 150 psi. This prevents over pumping. If the relief valve activates, lower the incoming pressure until the valve closes.

Low Flow Low-Level Strainer – This device is attached to the front bumper hard suction and front intake valve and is used in Port-a-Tank drafting operations. The strainer will perform at maximum pumping capacity down to a water level of 1.5" - 2" depending on your set up area. The valve will allow up to a 1500 gpm water flow, but the front suctions are plumbed to draft a maximum of 500 gpm. More on this subject in water shuttle operations.

Auxiliary Suction(s) – Each pumper and tanker has at least 2 auxiliary suctions. The typical size is a 2 ½” suction that will flow approx. 500 gpm. This suction should be used primarily for refilling the apparatus’s water tank and nursing operations. These intakes should not be used with high volume pumping operations.

Top side water tank opening – All water/booster tanks will have a fill opening on the top of the tank. We will typically utilize the garden hose filling method at the station when less than 100 gallons have been flowed. Just remember to shut off the hose when full (don’t flood the station).

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.2 – Booster Tank Operations - Page 1 of 3

There are several critical factors that a Company Officer will use to base their decision on what type of water supply to utilize on a working fire. Here are the 3 standard choices:

1) Booster Tank Operations 2) Pressurized Supply Operations (hydrants with LDH supply hose) 3) Shuttling Supply Operations (Port-a-Tanks with drafting)

Booster Tank Operations

On most Offensive working fires in Clay Township, the initial arriving Engine Company will respond directly to the scene and begin their fire attack using tank water. Most Clay Engine Companies carry 1,000 gallons of water. This amount of water, using small diameter attack lines, gives the initial attack crew a sufficient amount of water to safely attack the fire.

Clay Fire Territory Apparatus Water Apparatus Water Tank 5 inch LDH Pump Cap. Engines Capabilities 21 1,000 gal 1,000 ft 1,500 gpm

Operating from the Booster Tank is one 22 1,500 gal 1,000 ft 1,500 gpm 23 1,500 gal 1,000 ft 1,500 gpm of the quickest methods of applying 24 1,500 gal 1,000 ft 1,500 gpm water to a fire. It also has inherent risks, 25 1,500 gal 1,000 ft 1,500 gpm as it is a finite water supply. S-21 750 gal 800 ft 1,250 gpm

122 1,000 gal 1,000 ft 1,500 gpm The typical offensive attack line used on 125 1,500 gal 1,000 ft 1,000 gpm most of our working fires is 1 ¾” line Tankers using a low pressure automatic nozzle 22 1,800 gal 2000 ft 500 gpm

flowing around 200 gpm. Using a 1,500 23 2,500 gal 0 500 gpm gallon tank will give a company approx. 24 3,000 gal 0 500 gpm

7 minutes of continual water flow. Most 25 1,800 gal 0 500 gpm offensive situations are controlled with Truck less than 500 gallons of direct water 21 300 gal 600 ft 2,000 gpm application.

Please refer to the chart listing all Clay Fire apparatus that carries water and the amount carried.

Company members must:  Know how much water their apparatus carries

 Completely refill the tank after each water application (no matter the amount used)  Know the water supply capabilities of their next due companies

If companies are in a situation where they have been applying water directly on a fire for over 3 minutes with no results, they should exit the area and go defensive (based on available water and

conditions).

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.2 - Booster Tank Operations - Page 2 of 3

Subsequent arrivers must be aware of how much water is available from the forward pumper before stretching additional attack lines from it.

Subsequent arriving Pump Operators must be prepared to assist the forward Pump Operator in managing an uninterrupted water supply.

Nursing Operations – Many of the offensive residential fires we respond to are controlled with quick and effective water application using the booster tank. Initial control operations usually take less than 500 gallons of water to knockdown the fire and perform the first wave of overhaul (soaking down the fire area and opening up the concealed spaces). This typically leaves the initial pumper with about 1,000 gallons of water to perform the rest of the overhaul operation.

Some overhaul operations might require more water than is carried on the apparatus to complete. These circumstances include:

 Attic fires with cellulose insulation

 Deep seated concealed space fires  Mattress and overstuffed furniture with fire involvement  Contents not typically found in a residence  Pack rat homes, etc…

In these situations, the IC will need to make the determination to either establish a formal water supply operation or use the tank water from another apparatus to complete the overhaul operation.

If the IC predicts that more than 2000 gallons of water will be required to properly overhaul a difficult/complex fire, they should establish a supply operation using a fire hydrant or a portable water tank supply operation.

If the IC predicts that less than 2000 gallons of water will be needed to properly overhaul the fire, they should implement a “Nursing” operation.

A Nursing operation shall be defined as: One pumper or tanker delivering its tank water into another pumper’s intake valve.

Nursing operations in non-hydrant areas will be discussed in greater detail in water shuttle operations.

Please click on the image to launch the task video for the step by step procedure for setting up a water Nursing Operation. The

next page has the evaluation benchmarks for each pump/tanker operator.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.2 – Booster Tank Operations – 3 of 3

Engineer evaluation check off sheets for a water nursing operation

Water Nursing Check Off Sheet

Forward Engineer Position Student: Date: Evaluator:

Pass/Fail: Proper protective equipment on Pre-deploy the 3 inch – 50 ft suction hose prior to the Nursing apparatus arrival when possible Attach female end to the “Tank Fill” suction inlet Deploy the other end of the line to the appropriate connection area Make connections off the roadway when possible Wait until the Nursing apparatus comes to a complete stop and sets it parking brake before approaching the connection area Make the connection between the two – 3 inch supply hoses with the Nursing pump/tanker operator Flake out the supply hose, return to the pump panel and wait for water Coordinate with the Nursing pump/tanker operator charging the supply hose. This can

be done with an obvious hand signal or over a portable radio Operate your tank intake valve as necessary to maintain a full tank of water Avoid over filling the tank Continue the pumping operation specified by the IC or Company Officer

Water Nursing Check Off Sheet Water Donating Engineer Position Student: Date: Evaluator: Pass/Fail: Proper protective equipment on

Make appropriate spot at the connection area Off the roadway when possible Set parking brake, place apparatus in pump gear, safely exit the apparatus, and set the wheel chocks Deploy the 3 inch – 50 foot section of supply hose to the connection area and assist the forward pump operator with connecting the 2 supply hoses Connect the female end of the 3 inch supply hose to the appropriate discharge gate Make connections off the roadway when possible Coordinate with the Forward pump operator charging the supply hose. This can be done with an obvious hand signal or over a portable radio Charge the supply hose and deliver your tank water to the forward pumper

Avoid over pumping the supply hose. Don’t exceed a 75 lb pump pressure Continue supply operation until out of water or the operation is discontinued

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.3 – Pressurized Water Supply General Guidelines- Page 1 of 2

Pressurized Water Supply General Guidelines

As stated in Section 5.2: On most Offensive working fires in Clay Township, the initial arriving Engine Company will respond directly to the scene and begin their fire attack using tank water. Most Clay Engine Companies carry 1,500 gallons of water. This amount of water, using small diameter attack lines, gives the initial attack crew a sufficient amount of water to safely attack the fire.

There will be situations however, where the initial arriving IC will size up the need for establishing an uninterrupted water supply early on in the incident. These situations include:

 Any fire where there is a forecasted need of supplying one or more master stream(s)  Any fire where there is a forecasted need of deploying 3 or more handlines to control the situation  Any deployment where the subsequent arriving apparatus have long or delayed response times  Any time the IC feels that establishing an early water supply will benefit the overall operation

Here are the standard pressurized water supply evolutions for an IC to consider when hydrants are within reasonable distances to the scene:

 Forward-Lay Evolution  Reverse-Lay Evolution  Water Relay Evolution  Hand jacking to a hydrant

Each of these evolutions will be broken down and looked at in greater detail later on in this Section.

Forward & Key Pumper Concepts:

A Forward Pumper is defined as: A pumper that is located in one of the primary, forward attack positions on the fire ground where equipment, hose and water are deployed off of the pumper directly into or around the hazard zone.

*Note: The Forward Pumper reference is geographic and functional in nature and DOES NOT imply that the attack position has an uninterrupted water source. IC’s must maintain an awareness of all Forward Pumpers water supply status.

A Key Pumper is defined as: 1) A pumper that makes the hydrant connection in the Key Pumper’s intake and then “pumps” the Forward Pumper’s supply line.

“KEY” Pumper At the Hydrant

“Forward” Pumper In an Attack Position

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.3 – Pressurized Water Supply General Guidelines - Page 2 of 2

Lines must be laid with consideration for the access problems they can create. Always lay supply lines along the side of the roadway that the hydrant is located on and cross over at the fire scene if necessary. Max speed when laying supply lines is 10 mph. Faster speeds result in excess hose on the roadway and the possibility of hanging up a supply coupling in the hose bed. Slower speeds also provide several advantages:

• Reduces the risk of striking pedestrians, spectators, vehicles or other apparatus and firefighters working at the scene • Provides time for the Company Officer to size-up and evaluate the critical fire ground factors • Provides time for the Engineer to safely and appropriately spot the apparatus in forward/key positions

Key tactical positions should be identified and Forward Pumpers should be placed into those locations early on in the operation with a strong water supply when necessary. The Forward Pumpers can then distribute this water supply to a variety of hand lines, appliances, master streams or FDC’s.

Fire hose soon limits the general access as the fireground operation gets older. Command must direct apparatus to important positions as early as possible. Take full advantage of the hydrants closest to the fire area before laying additional supply lines from distant hydrants. Secondary hydrants should be used to obtain additional supply if the demand exceeds the capability of the closest hydrants. Shared mains must also be considered when opening up secondary hydrants. These actions could reduce the water available to the Forward Pumpers in good tactical positions. Many times, pumped water is the best option to increase flows.

Take advantage of the equipment on apparatus already in forward attack positions instead of bringing in more apparatus. Connect extra attack lines and appliances to forward pumpers which already have a good water supply instead of making "daisy chain" supply line connections which congest the scene.

Do not hook up to hydrants located so close to the fire building that structural failure or fire extension will jeopardize the water supply or the apparatus.

Friction loss for 5” LDH is 8 PSI per 100’ flowing 1000 GPM. Ex: A 1000’ lay of 5” flowing 1000 GPM would have 80 PSI friction loss. This loss would result in a significant reduction in gpm and residual pump pressure at the Forward Pumper.

LDH supply line lays of over 500 feet should be pumped when supplying aerial devices, large bore master streams, or several handlines at once. A single 5 inch hose can deliver the entire volume of the hydrant (1200 – 2000 GPM depending on main size) when being pumped by a key pumper. This often times makes it unnecessary to lay additional supply lines to Forward Pumpers in large volume water operations. 31

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.4 – Pressurized Water Supply Delivery Components - Page 1 of 2

Whenever possible, Clay FD will try to utilize a water supply from a fire hydrant as opposed to using a drafting/water shuttle operation. Using a hydrant water supply uses less manpower, equipment and it reduces personnel’s’ overall risk.

Personnel need to know the capabilities of what their first due pressurized water system is capable of. This includes:  Distribution system elements (towers and/or pumping stations)  Water main sizes  Water main dead ends

 Total flows capable  Peak and off peak flows  Types of hydrants (drafting, dry, number of outlets, etc)  Steamer connection sizes  Friction Loss in LDH

 Low flowing hydrants identified  Non-hydranted areas identified

Clay Fire Territory has 2 types of hydrants in our response area: 1) Dry Barrel Pressurized Hydrants 2) Drafting Hydrants

The Clay Fire response area uses a standard American pressurized dry barrel fire hydrant. Each hydrant has 1 main steamer outlet and 2 – 2 ½” outlets. The steamer outlet size will vary between 4.5 inches and 5 inches depending on the subdivision where they are located.

Below is a detailed graphic that highlights all of the major components of a dry barrel fire hydrant hooked into a city water main. Drafting hydrants will be covered in water shuttle operations.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.4 – Pressurized Water Supply Delivery Components - Page 2 of 2

Fire Hydrant Overview

Pentagonal Nut This nut connects to the stem of the

hydrant and it opens and closes the gate valve located at the bottom of the barrel

4 ½” or 5” Male

Steamer Connection Two – 2 ½” Male This opening will flow the

Connections entire capacity of the fire Each of these openings hydrant (2,000 gpm +) can flow aprox 500 gpm unless it is attached to a on a good working very large water main hydrant. These openings with good residual are primarily used for tank pressure filling and water shuttle operations. DO NOT open Breakaway Flange if the steamer connection

is supplying an apparatus in a forward position 6”- 8” Dry Barrel

Hydrant Gate Valve Water Main

Connection

Hydrant Wrench

5” Storz to 5” Female Coupling Connection for the supply hose to a 5” Steamer Connection 33

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.5– Large Diameter Hose - Page 1 of 3

5” Large Diameter Supply Hose (LDH) Overview

Clay Fire uses a 5" LDH rubber covered supply hose that is constructed of high tenacity synthetic yarn, circularly woven that forms a single homogeneous construction without the use of glues or adhesives of any type. Exposure to most chemical substances, hydrocarbons, oils, alkalis, acids and greases have no effect on the short or long term performance of the hose and all hose purchased at Clay meets and exceeds all NFPA 1961 Standards. This is the standard supply hose for connecting to a hydrant and for water relay operations (refer to the chart in section1.2 for the lengths carried on all apparatus).

The max working pressure of 5” LDH is 185 PSI. At no time shall this pressure be exceeded when pumping 5” supply hose.

Clay Fire utilizes 100 foot sections of 5” LDH with aluminum

5” Storz couplings on all apparatus carrying supply hose. A 100 foot dry section of supply hose weighs about 100 lbs with the couplings attached. A fully charged section of 5” LDH weighs over 1,000 lbs.

There are also shorter sections of 5” LDH carried on the apparatus. These come in 50 lengths and are used by the pump operator to make various high volume connections.

Storz couplings are “sexless”. One size Storz coupling will attach to any of the same sized Storz couplings without the need for any adapters. Great care must be taken when connecting the 2 couplings together. The member attaching the couplings must make sure the 2 couplings “click” and lock firmly into place together before proceeding on to the next task. This often times requires the use of a Storz 5” Storz Spanner Wrench spanner wrench(s). The failure to make the proper connections can lead to disastrous results that usually don’t occur on your shift.

Members must ensure that the couplings are properly attached together when reloading hose. Make sure the 2 couplings “click” and lock firmly into place together before proceeding on to the next task.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.5– Large Diameter Hose - Page 2 of 3

5” LDH Hose Loading Procedure All 5” Supply hose is loaded in the flat load.

1) Place the first coupling in the very front corner of the hose bed. 2) Lay the hose from the front to the rear of the bed, and fold back on itself. 3) Run the hose back to the front of the bed angling it so the front fold is next to the previous. 4) Leave approximately 12-18” from the front of the hose bed for couplings only. Do not stack Front 18” of the hose bed are for folds of hose at the very front of the bed. Storz coupling only 5) Continue to load hose into the bed until the whole width is covered with a single layer of hose. 6) When encountering couplings load them to the very front of the bed. Couplings must be arranged so they pull straight from the bed and never flip. Utilize a Dutchman fold ( a short fold in the hose to keep the coupling oriented properly) 7) Couplings must also be arranged so that they do not pass over each other when laying a line. Every other layer of hose at the rear 8) On each layer of hose, the folds at the rear of of the truck needs to be 12 inches bed must be staggered in a long short shorter than the previous layer fashion, approximately 12” apart. This will keep the hose from making a ramp, reducing the risk of couplings getting hung up while laying hose. 9) The hose load shall be finished by placing the last coupling………

Properly secure the final length of supply hose to Humat valve

Click on the image to launch the “Loading a 35 Supply Hose Bed” Video

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.5– Large Diameter Hose - Page 3 of 3 Connectin g LDH to Piston Intake Valves

1) Verify valve is closed by turning all the way clockwise

2) Remove the protective blank cap

3) Flake hose & Connect Storz fitting on LDH to valve. Ensure it is tightly connected. Use proper wrench for Storz coupling.

4) Never place any twists in the LDH. Connected coupling should swivel freely

5) Open air bleeder to let trapped air escape from hose

6) Move away from connected hoseline & signal for supply line to be charged

7) Once the air stops escaping, and a steady stream of water Safety Points: appears, close the bleeder valve  These valves are capable of controlling 8) When ready to transition to large volumes of water; consequently, pressurized water slowly begin caution should be taken when using them. opening the hand wheel in a  Never place a twist in LDH when counter clockwise direction until connecting to Valve the valve is fully open.  Always open and close the piston intake valve slowly. Water hammer with LDH can have extreme results.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.6 – Forward LDH lay from a hydrant – Page 1 of 3

Forward Lay from a Hydrant to a Forward Attack Position

EVOLUTION OVERVIEW: This evolution will establish an uninterrupted water supply from a fire hydrant using 5” LDH supply hose to a pumper that is located in a forward attack position. The 1st arriving IC (usually a Company Officer) will need to make a decision in a hydrant area to either perform a forward lay from the hydrant or have a subsequent arriving Engine or Tanker perform a reverse hose lay to secure the water supply.

Advantages of performing a Forward lay:  Establishes an uninterrupted water supply to a forward position at the beginning of the event  Provides a water supply to the forward pumper of 600 to 2,000 gpm (depending on the length of the LDH lay, the hydrant and

whether the line is being pumped)  Gives the IC many more options in deploying/assigning Click inside the graphic to view subsequent arriving units the skill video for the Firefighter’s position on a forward lay

Disadvantages of performing a Forward lay:  Will delay getting water out of the apparatus for approx. 2 minutes  Separates and can leave the firefighter out of visual contact of the forward crew  LDH hose can block or restrict access to the scene  Possibility of flooding the supply hose bed

TASK OVERVIEW: This evolution will require stopping at the hydrant to drop the firefighter off to “take the hydrant”. The apparatus will then proceed to its forward attack position where the driver will connect the supply hose into the appropriate intake valve. Both the firefighter and the pump operator will be required to perform a set of tasks where all of the proper hose connections are made prior to turning on the hydrant to flow water

(don’t flood the supply hose bed!). This evolution should take less than Click inside the graphic to view 2 minutes to complete. the skill video for the Engineer’s

position on a forward lay KEY SAFETY POINTS:  Drivers must set the Parking Brake whenever in a stopped position on this evolution  Don’t proceed to the forward position until signaled by the firefighter to “Go”  Don’t drive over 10 mph when laying supply hose  An Engineer and Firefighter are required for this task. This requires good communications between both of the team members  Move as much dry hose as necessary before charging. Charged 5” LDH weighs about 1,000 lbs per 100 ft. section.  Don’t flood the supply hose bed. This can cause serious 37 injuries and it really screws up a hose lay evolution.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.6 – Forward LDH lay from a hydrant – Page 2 of 3

Forward Lay from a Hydrant to a Forward Attack Position Firefighter Position Check Off Sheet Forward Hose Lay from a Hydrant Firefighter’s Position Check Off Sheet Student Date: Evaluator Pass/Fail Skill performed in full PPE - Properly donned SCBA Seat belt fastened Order given by Company Officer to “Take the hydrant” FF waits to hear Parking Brake being applied before properly dismounting the apparatus Shut all doors and compartment doors before proceeding to the rear of the apparatus and mount the tailboard Unclip all hose bed cover fasteners Retrieve the hydrant wrench Retrieve the hose coupling from the hose bed and place on the proper shoulder Step off of the tailboard facing forward and stretch enough hose directly behind the apparatus to make the stretch to the hydrant Once enough hose is stretched from the supply hose bed, make the stretch to the hydrant Wrap the hydrant at least 90 degrees to the pumper with no less than 6 feet of hose and no more than 10 feet of hose past the hydrant Go to one or two knees and properly secure the hose with both hands Once in a safe position, signal the apparatus that you are ready for them to advance with a loud “GO” or obvious hand signal Continue to secure the supply hose until 2 lengths of hose have played out of the supply hose bed Place the supply hose and coupling in safe position Remove the steamer cap – place hydrant wrench on top of hydrant Verify the hydrant is operating, properly flush and shut off Retrieve hose coupling and insure proper sized steamer fitting is attached Connect supply hose to the steamer connection Move as much hose off of the roadway as possible before charging. Try to prevent as many kinks as possible Coordinate with the forward pump operator opening the hydrant. This can be done with an obvious hand signal or over a portable radio Once ordered to open the hydrant, slowly and fully open the hydrant Once fully opened, retrieve the hydrant wrench and return to the apparatus removing any kinks in the supply line along the way Follow orders as received from the Engineer or Company Officer once you have arrived to the truck and have drop off the hydrant wrench 38

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.6 – Forward LDH lay from a hydrant – Page 3 of 3

Forward Lay from a Hydrant to a Forward Attack Position Engineer Position Check Off Sheet

Forward Hose Lay from a Hydrant Engineer’s Position Check Off Sheet Student Date: Evaluator Pass/Fail Seat belt fastened Order given by Company Officer to “Take the hydrant” Come to a complete stop approximately 10 feet past the hydrant Set parking brake Once ordered to proceed by the firefighter, disengage the parking brake and proceed to the forward spot as directed by your company officer Do not exceed 10 mph when laying supply hose Once at the forward spot, come to a complete stop, set parking brake and place the apparatus into pump gear Properly dismount the truck and set wheel chocks Approach the rear supply hose bed and while walking forward, make your stretch until you hear the next coupling fall from the supply hose bed Break the coupling at the rear hose bed Throw the unused supply hose coupling into the rear hose bed over the top bar Make the supply hose connection into the proper intake valve Open the air bleeder Move as much hose off of the roadway as possible before charging. Try to prevent as many kinks as possible Coordinate with the firefighter the opening of the hydrant. This can be done with an obvious hand signal or over a portable radio Place yourself in a safe position while the supply line is being charged Once the supply line is charged and bled of air, close the air bleeder and fully open the intake valve Remove any kinks in the hose Continue the pumping operation as specified by your company officer

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.7 – Forward LDH lay from a hydrant to a Forward Pumper – Page 1 of 2

Forward Lay from a Hydrant to an Unsupported Forward Pumper

EVOLUTION OVERVIEW: This evolution will establish an uninterrupted water supply from a fire hydrant using 5” LD supply hose to an unsupported pumper that is located in a forward attack position. This hose lay evolution would be utilized if a subsequent responding Engine Company is responding in, in a direction that would require a forward lay to the initial pumper to establish the water supply from a hydrant as opposed to a reverse lay (covered next).

If this evolution is utilized, the firefighter will “take” the hydrant as

described in the forward hose lay from a hydrant evolution.

Advantages of performing a Forward lay to an unsupported Forward Pumper : Click inside the graphic to view  Establishes an uninterrupted water supply to a forward position. the skills video for a Forward laying Engine Company to  Provides a water supply to the forward pumper of 600 to 2,000 unsupported Forward Pumper. gpm (depending on the length of the LDH lay, the hydrant and whether the line is being pumped).  Gives the IC many more options in deploying/assigning subsequent arriving units once the water supply has been established.

Disadvantages of performing a Forward lay to an unsupported Forward Pumper:  Difficult to pump the supply line with the same forward laying apparatus if needed. This could require a 3rd Engine Company to pump the forward pumpers supply line if big water is required.

 LDH hose can block or restrict access to the scene.  Possibility of congesting the scene with un-used Engine Companies.

TASK OVERVIEW: This evolution will require stopping at the hydrant to drop the firefighter off to “take the hydrant”. The apparatus will then proceed to the forward pumper where the rest of the crew will coordinate the pullback, getting the forward laying rig off of the roadway, and making the supply connection into the forward pumper. This evolution should take less than 2 minutes to complete.

KEY SAFETY POINTS:  Drivers must set the Parking Brake whenever in a stopped position on this evolution  Don’t proceed to the forward position until signaled by the firefighter to “Go”  Don’t drive over 10 mph when laying supply hose  The entire forward laying crew is required for this task. This requires good communications between all of the team members 40

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.7 – Forward LDH lay from a hydrant to a Forward Pumper – Page 2 of 2

Forward Hose Lay from a Hydrant to an Unsupported Forward Pumper

Crew check off sheet

Forward Hose Lay from a Hydrant to an Unsupported Forward Pumper Forward Hose Lay from aCrew Hydrant Check to an Off Unsupported Sheet Forward Pumper Student Crew Check Off Sheet Date: StudentEvaluator Date: EvaluatorPass/Fail Pass/FailSeat belt fastened SeatOrder belt given fastened by Company Officer to “Take the hydrant” OrderCome given to a completeby Company stop Officer approximately to “Take 10the feet hydrant” past the hydrant ComeSet parking to a complete brake stop approximately 10 feet past the hydrant SetOnce parking ordered brake to proceed by the firefighter at the hydrant, disengage the parking Oncebrake ordered and proceed to proceed to the by forward the firefighter, spot as directeddisengage by theyour parking company brake officer and proceedDo not exceedto the forward 10 mph spot when as layingdirected supply by your hose company officer DoEngineer not exceed will pull10 mphpast whenthe forward laying pumper,supply hose come to a complete stop, set the Onceparking at the brake forward and remainspot, come in the to cab a complete of the apparatus stop, set parking brake and place theOnce apparatus the parking into pumpbrake gearis set, Company Officer properly dismount the apparatus Properlyand approach dismount the therear truck supply and hose set wheelbed chocks ApproachAt the rear the supply rear supply hose bed hose, shoulder bed and the while supply walking hose forward, and while make walking your stretchforward, untilmake you your hear stretch the next until coupling you hear fall the from next the coupling supply hosefall from bed the supply hose bed BreakBreak the the coupling coupling at at the the rear rear hose hose bed bed ThrowThrow the the unused unused supply supply hose hose coupling coupling into into the the rear rear hose hose bed bed over over the the top top bar bar MakeSignal the the su Engineerpply hose to connection spot the apparatus into the proper out of intakethe way valve OpenEngineer; the air disengage bleeder the parking brake and spot the apparatus in a manner that Movedoes asnot much block/congest hose off of the the scene. roadway The as Engineer possible should before then charging. join his/her Try to crew in preventthe proper as many PPE kinks as possible CoordinateCompany Officer,with the m firefighterake the supply the opening hose connectionof the hydrant. into Thisthe proper can be intake done valvewith anOpen obvious the airhand bleeder signal or over a portable radio PlaceMove yourself as much in hose a safe off position of the roadway while the as supply possible line before is being charging. charged Try to Onceprevent the assupply many line kinks is charged as possible and bled of air, close the air bleeder and fully openCoor thedinate intake with valve the firefighter the opening of the hydrant. This can be done with Removean obvious any handkinks signal in the orhose over a portable radio ContinuePlace yourself the pumping in a safe operation position as while specified the supply by your line company is being chargedofficer Once the supply line is charged Crew and c heckbled of off air, scloseheet the air bleeder and fully open the intake valve Remove any kinks in the hose Reassemble the crew and deploy as directed by the IC

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.8 – Reverse LDH Hose Lays - Page 1 of 6 Reverse Hose lay – Forward Engineer

EVOLUTION OVERVIEW:

Reverse hose lays are used in hydrant areas when the initial arriving apparatus makes the decision to make an initial attack using tank water. A 2nd due unit will typically reverse lay from the Forward pumper to a hydrant to establish an uninterrupted water supply. If the reversing apparatus is an Engine Company, the Capt. and FF will typically dismount at the Forward Pumper and will engage in a task(s) specified by the IC. If the Forward pump operator is engaged in a pumping operation, the reversing company’s crew will make the connections into the Forward pumper and coordinate getting water into the pump.

Advantages of performing a Reverse Lay: Click inside the graphic to view  Establishes an uninterrupted water supply to a forward position. the skills video for a Forward  Provides a water supply to the forward pumper of 600 to 2,000 Engineer on a Reverse Hose Lay

gpm (depending on the length of the LDH lay, the hydrant and whether the line is being pumped).

 If an Engine Co. is reversing, they can pump the supply line to maximize the available hydrant water  Gives the IC many more options in deploying/assigning subsequent arriving units once the water supply has been established.  Places apparatus in key positions without congesting the scene

Disadvantages of performing a Reverse Lay:  LDH hose can block or restrict access to the scene.

TASK OVERVIEW: This evolution will require the reversing apparatus to stop 20 feet past the Forward pumper. This will provide enough room to make the stretch to the intake valve without pulling excess hose off of the truck. The reversing apparatus will then proceed to hydrant while the Forward pump operator makes the connection into the appropriate intake valve.

KEY SAFETY POINTS:  Drivers must set the Parking Brake whenever in a stopped

position on this evolution  Don’t drive over 10 mph when laying supply hose  Keep securing the hose until 2 lengths have played out of the supply hose bed

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.8 – Reverse LDH Hose Lays - Page 2 of 6

Reverse Hose Lay – Forward Engineer check off sheet

Reverse Hose Lay Forward Hose Lay Forwardfrom a Hydrant Engineer to an Check Unsupported Off Sheet Forward Pumper Student Crew Check Off Sheet Date: StudentEvaluator Date: EvaluatorPass/Fail Pass/FailForward pump operator in the proper PPE for the evolution SeatDepending belt fastened on the reverse lay direction, the unit that is reversing to the hydrant Orderwill placegiven theirby Company tailboard Officer at least to 20 “Take feet thepast hydrant” the front of - or the rear of - the Comeforward to a pumpercomplete stop approximately 10 feet past the hydrant SetThe parking reversing brake pumper will set its parking brake when in position. This will be the Onceaudible ordered signal to proceedfor the forward by the pumpfirefighter, operator disengage that they the can parking safely brake mount and the proceedtailboard to the forward spot as directed by your company officer DoOnce not exceed the parking 10 mph is set, when proceed laying tosupply the rear hose hos e bed of the apparatus and Onceunfasten at the allforward rear clips spot, holding come tothe a hosecomplete bed coverstop, setin place parking brake and place theR apparatusetrieve the into LDH pump supply gear hose coupling by disconnecting it from the humat valve, Properlyplace thedismount coupling the over truck the and appropri set wheelate shoulder,chocks step off of tailboard facing Approachforward, the walking rear supply the hose hose out bed directly and whilebehind walking the truck forward, make your stretch untilStretch you hear the supplythe next line coupling to either fall the from front the bumper supply orhose the bed rear tailboard of the Breakforward the couplingpumper at the rear hose bed ThrowOnce the stretched, unused supplybring the hose coupling coupling back into to the the rear center hose of bedthe truck,over thefold top the bar hose, go down to at least one knee in a protected position and secure the hose with Make the supply hose connection into the proper intake valve both hands Open the air bleeder Signal the reversing truck to proceed to the hydrant with a verbal "go" or hand Movesignal as much hose off of the roadway as possible before charging. Try to preventContinue as many to secure kinks the as supplypossible hose until at least 2 lengths of hose have played Coordinateout of the with hose the bed firefighter the opening of the hydrant. This can be done with anMake obvious the hand connection signal orinto over the amain portable intake radio valve with the supply hose and open the Placeair bleeder yourself in a safe position while the supply line is being charged OnceMove the as supply much line dry ishose charged out of and the bledroadway of air, as close possible the air before bleeder charging and fully the opensupply the intakehose valve RemoveOnce theany supply kinks inhose the hashose been positioned, coordinate with the reverse pump Continueoperator the at pumpingthe plug theoperation charging as ofspecified the supply by your line .company This can officerbe done with an obvious hand signal or over Crew a portable check radio off sheet Place yourself in a safe position when the supply line is charging Once the line is charged and bled, close the air bleeder and fully open the pump intake valve Remove any kinks from the supply line once it has been fully charged Continue your pumping operation for the evolution specified by your company officer

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.8 – Reverse LDH Hose Lays - Page 3 of 6

Reverse Hose Lay - Direct Hydrant Connection– Key Eng.

EVOLUTION OVERVIEW: Reverse hose lays are used in hydrant areas when the initial arriving apparatus makes the decision to make an initial attack using tank water. Typically, the 2nd due pumper or a Tanker, will establish a water supply for the forward pumper in a hydrant area by reverse laying from the Forward pumper to the hydrant.

Because all Clay Fire Tankers have 500 GPM pumps, Tanker operators will ALWAYS make a direct connection with the supply hose into the fire hydrant when reverse laying. The pump configuration along with the water discharge plumbing on all tankers will restrict the hydrant flow down to a max flow of 700 GPM. This reduction could be over half the available water from the hydrant. Click inside the graphic to view When an engine company performs a reverse lay to a hydrant, they have 2 the skills video for a Reversing supply options: Engineer making a direct connection to the Hydrant  They can connect the supply hose directly to the hydrant for a low water volume operation, or

 The engineer can make the hydrant connection directly into the reversing engine and then pump the forward pumpers supply line for a high water volume operation, or if the supply line lay is over 800 feet

Advantages of performing a Reverse Lay direct connect:  Establishes an uninterrupted water supply to a forward position.  Provides a water supply to the forward pumper of up to 600 gpm depending on the length of the lay  Gives the IC many more options in deploying/assigning subsequent arriving units once the water supply has been established.  Places apparatus in key positions without congesting the scene

Disadvantages of performing a Reverse Lay:  A direct connection to the hydrant will not supply the maximum volume the hydrant can deliver  LDH hose can block or restrict access to the scene.

TASK OVERVIEW: This evolution will require the reversing apparatus to stop 20 feet past the Forward pumper. This will provide enough room to make the stretch to the intake valve without pulling excess hose off of the truck. The reversing apparatus will then proceed to hydrant and make the supply hose connection directly to the hydrant.

KEY POINTS:  At the hydrant, verify you have a working hydrant before doing your pull back.  If a Tanker is reversing, they must do a direct connect into the

hydrant. 44

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.8 – Reverse LDH Hose Lays - Page 4 of 6

Reverse Hose Lay – Direct Hydrant Connection – Key Eng. Reverse Hose Lay Key Engineer – Direct Hydrant Connection Check Off Sheet Student Date: Evaluator Pass/Fail Seat belt fastened Order given by Company Officer to “Reverse Lay” Depending on the reverse lay direction, the unit that is reversing to the hydrant will place their tailboard at least 20 feet past the front of - or the rear of - the forward pumper. Set parking brake The reversing pump operator also has the option to dismount to assist members in this phase of the evolution. Once the supply hose has been stretched from the bed, it is secured on the ground and the reversing pumper operator has received the signaled to advance, the operator will release their parking brake and will proceed to the hydrant The driver will not exceed 10 miles per hour Pull past the hydrant approximately 10 feet, set your parking brake and properly dismount the apparatus Before doing a pullback and breaking the supply hose, verify you have a working hydrant Retrieve the hydrant wrench and the proper coupling set to make the hydrant connection, then approach the hydrant At the hydrant remove the steamer cap and with the hydrant wrench, slowly open the hydrant to flush and verify it is working Once verified and flushed, shut the hydrant off and connect the appropriate steamer coupling Address the supply hose bed and estimate the distance to the hydrant Stretch the supply hose out of the bed walking forward Keep stretching until the next coupling in the hose bed falls to the ground Break the coupling at the rear hose bed and throw the supply hose coupling back into the supply hose bed over the top bar Make your stretch to the hydrant walking forward Make the LDH connection to the hydrant coupling Before charging the line, flake out the supply hose in a manner that keeps the hose from kinking when charged and off the roadway if possible Position yourself behind the hydrant and coordinate with the forward pump operator when to charge the supply line. This can be done face to face with an obvious hand signal or over a portable radio when the pumper operator is not visible Upon being ordered to open the hydrant by the forward pump operator, slowly and completely open the hydrant and remove any kinks in the supply line.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.8 – Reverse LDH Hose Lays - Page 5 of 6

Reverse Hose lay – Pumped Supply Line – Key Engineer

EVOLUTION OVERVIEW: Reverse hose lays are used in hydrant areas when the initial arriving apparatus makes the decision to make an initial attack using tank water. Typically, the 2nd due pumper, will establish a water supply for the forward pumper in a hydrant area by reverse laying from the Forward pumper to the hydrant.

This hose lay can only be done with an Engine Company. All Tankers must make direct connections to the hydrant.

When an engine company performs a reverse lay to a hydrant, they have 2 supply options:  They can connect the supply hose directly to the hydrant for a low water volume operation, or  The engineer can make the hydrant connection directly into the reversing engine and then pump the forward pumpers supply line for a high water volume operation, or if the supply line lay is over 800 feet Click inside the graphic to view the skills video for a Reversing Engineer pumping the supply line Advantages of performing a Reverse Lay with pumping the supply to the Forward Pumper line:  Establishes an uninterrupted water supply to a forward position.  Provides a water supply to the forward pumper that can supply the entire volume of the hydrant  Gives the IC many more options in deploying/assigning subsequent arriving units once the water supply has been established.  Places apparatus in key positions without congesting the scene

Disadvantages of performing a Reverse Lay:  LDH hose can block or restrict access to the scene.

TASK OVERVIEW: This evolution will require the reversing apparatus to stop 20 feet past the Forward pumper. This will provide enough room to make the stretch to the intake valve without pulling excess hose off of the truck. The reversing apparatus will then proceed to hydrant, use a short length of supply hose to connect the hydrant into their pump, and then pump the supply line to the Forward pumper.

KEY POINTS:  At the hydrant, verify you have a working hydrant before doing your pull back.  If a Tanker is reversing, they must do a direct connect into the hydrant.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.8 – Reverse LDH Hose Lays - Page 6 of 6

Reverse Hose Lay Key Engineer – Pumping the Supply Line Check Off Sheet Student Date: Evaluator Pass/Fail Seat belt fastened Order given by Company Officer to “Reverse Lay” Depending on the reverse lay direction, the unit that is reversing to the hydrant will place their tailboard at least 20 feet past the front of - or the rear of - the forward pumper. Set parking brake The reversing pump operator also has the option to dismount to assist members in this phase of the evolution. Once the supply hose has been stretched from the bed, it is secured on the ground and the reversing pumper operator has received the signaled to advance, the operator will release their parking brake and will proceed to the hydrant The driver will not exceed 10 miles per hour Properly spot your apparatus on the hydrant, set your parking brake, place your apparatus into pump gear, properly dismount the apparatus and set the wheel chocks Before doing a pullback and breaking the supply hose, verify you have a working hydrant Retrieve the hydrant wrench, the proper coupling set to make the hydrant connection, the short length of supply hose located in the suction tray below the intake valve, and then approach the hydrant At the hydrant remove the steamer cap and with the hydrant wrench, slowly open the hydrant to flush and verify it is working Once verified and flushed, shut the hydrant off and attach the intake supply hose using the proper sized coupling. Once the hose is properly attached, slowly and fully open the fire hydrant Return to the intake valve, close the bleeder valve and fully open the intake valve Go to the supply hose bed and estimate the distance to the proper discharge valve and stretch the supply hose out of the bed walking forward until the next coupling falls to the ground Break the coupling at the rear hose bed and throw the supply hose coupling back into the supply hose bed over the top bar Make your stretch to the proper discharge valve walking forward Make the LDH connection to the discharge gate. Use connections that are off the roadway whenever possible Before charging the line, flake out the supply hose in a manner that keeps the hose from kinking when charged and off the roadway if possible Position yourself at the pump panel and coordinate with the forward pump operator when to charge the supply line. This can be done face to face with an obvious hand signal or over a portable radio when the pumper operator is not visible Upon being ordered to charge the supply line by the forward pump operator, place yourself in a safe position and completely open the discharge gate. Once fully open, remove any kinks in the supply line and continue to monitor your pump panel.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.9 – Humat Valve & Hose Lays - Page 1 of 5

Humat Hydrant Valve

The Humat hydrant valve would fall into the category of a "hydrant assist valve". The Humat valve is made of a lightweight aluminum alloy which is heat treated for extra strength and durability. All metal surfaces are hard coated before final assembly to prevent corrosion and to increase surface strength. The valve, with 5" Storz couplings attached, weighs over 20 lbs. There is 10-15 lbs of friction loss for

this appliance when not being supported by a key pumper (un- pumped) depending on the hydrant flow. There is zero (0) friction loss in the valve when it's being supported by a Key pumper (a pumped supply line). Below are the advantages and disadvantages of using the valve:

Advantages:  When used when first taking the hydrant, the Humat valve allows the supply line to be pumped without interrupting the water supply to the Forward pumper.  The Humat valve will never limit the amount of water available from the hydrant. The butterfly controlled waterway that directs water to the Forward or Key pumper is a full 5 ½ inches in

diameter.  The Humat valve is not subject to twisting from the charging of large diameter hose.  The valve can be threaded to the hydrant either right side up or upside down.  The water control handle position is in an immediately recognizable indication of the position of the controlling butterfly valve, if the handle is across the valve - it is closed, if in line with the valve - the valve is open.  Using the Humat will always put the initial supply line down the street parallel to the gutter, no matter which way you lay out. This allows easy apparatus placement of the Key pumper that is assigned to pump the supply line. It also allows greater access to the scene and it helps avoid errant civilian traffic damage to the supply line.  If the Key pumper should fail for any reason, the Humat valve will automatically revert the hydrant water and pressure back into the supply line to the Forward pumper.

 If the Forward pumper should fail for any reason, the Key pumper could effectively pump through the Forward pumper's centrifugal pump to supply water to any handlines or master streams attached to the Forward pumper (do not pump 5" LDH over 185 psi).  When a hydrant is being pumped using a humat valve, the entire capacity of the hydrant can be flowed down the supply line (2,500 gpm +).

Disadvantages:  10 - 15 lbs of appliance friction loss when not being pumped.  Weight of the valve.  Mounting the valve to the rear tailboard could make some rear compartments difficult to access or open. 48

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.9 – Humat Valve & Hose Lays - Page 2 of 5

Firefighter Taking a Hydrant using a Humat Hydrant Valve EVOLUTION OVERVIEW: This evolution will look at a firefighter taking a hydrant using a Humat hydrant valve.

This evolution requires two people to properly perform; one firefighter operating at the hydrant and one pump operator located in a forward position. Because both members will be dismounting the apparatus and most likely will be working on the roadway for part of the evolution, following SOP's, using good communications and Click inside the graphic to teamwork will be required between all the team members (don't view the skills video for a flood the hose bed!). Firefighter taking a hydrant with a Humat valve. KEY EVAUATION POINTS:

When taking a hydrant on the Company Officer side of the truck, the firefighter will need to wrap a minimum of 15 feet of hose past the hydrant. If the hydrant is located on the engineer's side of the truck, the firefighter will need to wrap a maximum of 8 feet past the hydrant.

In order to keep the hose out of the roadway on a Captain's side lay, When taking a hydrant from the firefighter will need to "flip the skip". This is done by flipping the the Captain side of the truck. hose behind the hydrant prior to charging the supply line. This will Stretch at least 15 ft. past the place the hose in a loop behind the hydrant when it's charged. This hydrant before the "go" is allows enough room for a key pumper to come in and pump the given. This will allow you hydrant without blocking access to the scene. enough hose to "flip" the supply line behind the hydrant before charging.

When taking a hydrant from the Engineer side of the truck. Stretch NO MORE than 6 feet past the hydrant before the "go" is given. No "flip" will be needed.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.9 – Humat Valve & Hose Lays - Page 3 of 5

Forward Hose Lay from a Hydrant using a Humat Valve Firefighter’s Position Check Off Sheet Student Date: Evaluator Pass/Fail Skill performed in full PPE - Properly donned SCBA Seat belt fastened Order given by Company Officer to “Take the hydrant” FF waits to hear Parking Brake being applied before properly dismounting the apparatus Shut all doors and compartment doors before proceeding to the rear of the apparatus and mount the tailboard Unclip all hose bed cover fasteners Retrieve the hydrant wrench Retrieve the humat valve from its bracket Place the supply hose over your shoulder and while walking forward, stretch enough hose directly behind the apparatus to make the appropriate length hose stretch to the hydrant. 15 feet plus Capt. side - 6 ft max Engineer side of the truck Once enough hose is stretched from the supply hose bed, make the stretch to the hydrant Wrap the hydrant at least 90 degrees to the pumper Go to one or two knees and properly secure the humat valve and hydrant wrench with both hands Once in a safe position, signal the apparatus that you are ready for them to advance with a loud “GO” or obvious hand signal Continue to secure the Humat until 2 lengths of hose have played out of the supply hose bed Place the supply hose and Humat valve in safe position Remove the steamer cap – place hydrant wrench on top of hydrant Verify the hydrant is operating, properly flush and shut off Retrieve humat valve and insure proper sized steamer fitting is attached Connect the humat valve to the steamer connection Flip the hose over behind the hydrant if the plug was taken from the Capt's side of truck and move as much hose off of the roadway as possible before charging. Try to prevent as many kinks as possible Coordinate with the forward pump operator opening the hydrant. This can be done with an obvious hand signal or over a portable radio Once ordered to open the hydrant, slowly and fully open the hydrant Once fully opened, retrieve the hydrant wrench and return to the apparatus removing any kinks in the supply line along the way Follow orders as received from the Engineer or Company Officer once you have arrived to the truck and have drop off the hydrant wrench

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.9 – Humat Valve & Hose Lays - Page 4 of 5

Pumping a supply line using a Humat Hydrant Valve

EVOLUTION OVERVIEW: This evolution will look at a Key pump operator pumping a supply line using a Humat hydrant valve.

This evolution requires one person (a pump operator) to properly perform. Because this evolution only requires the Engineer to complete, in most cases the Officer and Firefighter will perform an assignment in the hazard zone while the Engineer pumps the Forward pumper's supply line. Depending on the response direction Click inside the graphic to of the Key pumper, the crew could be dropped off at the scene, or view the skills video for an the crew may have to dismount at the hydrant and walk the Engineer pumping a supply remaining distance to the scene. IC's must maintain an awareness of line using a Humat valve. the "in transport" times when making this type of assignment.

KEY EVAUATION POINTS:

Always try to spot on the hydrant on the Officer's side of the truck whenever possible. This places the main suction the shortest distance from the hydrant and will allow the Engineer to use the short lengths of 5" LDH to make all of their connections. It will also keep all of the supply hose off of the roadway, maximizing access to the scene (5" LDH makes great road blocks).

If an Engineer side hydrant spot cannot be avoided, a 100 foot section of supply hose could be needed to make the supply connection from the steamer to the main intake valve.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.9 – Humat Valve & Hose Lays - Page 5 of 5

Pumping a Supply Line using a Humat Valve Engineer's Position Check Off Sheet Student Date: Evaluator Pass/Fail The Incident Commander will give a staged unit the order to "pump the supply line" of a designated forward pumper Always spot the hydrant on the Officer's side of truck whenever possible Properly spot your apparatus on the hydrant, set your parking brake, place your apparatus into pump gear, properly dismount the apparatus and set the wheel chocks. Make the following 2 connections. The order does not matter. Both connections must be made before diverting the hydrant water into the key pumper Connect a 5 inch LDH from the humat steamer into the trucks main suction, open the air bleeder valve Connect a 5 inch LDH from a discharge gate to the bottom barrel humat connection Use short lengths whenever possible Make all connections off of the roadway when possible Once all connections have been made, do the hydraulic calculation and charge the LDH short length supplying the bottom barrel of the valve. Set your pump pressure (avoid over pumping) Once your pump pressure is set, immediately go to the hydrant and divert the water from the hydrant into your truck using the large handle located on the side of the humat valve Bleed the air, shut the bleeder off and completely open the intake valve Return to the pump panel and adjust your pump pressure as necessary Always avoid over pumping the supply line Never pump a 5 inch LDH supply line over 185 psi

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.10 – Hand-Jacking to a Hydrant - Page 1 of 2

"Hand-Jacking" a Supply Line to a Hydrant

EVOLUTION OVERVIEW:

This evolution will focus on the Forward Engineer making a hydrant connection into their intake when the hydrant is less than 200 feet away from their final, forward spot. This evolution is called "hand jacking to hydrant" because it requires the engineer to secure the water supply, just by themselves.

KEY EVAUATION POINTS: Click inside the graphic to view the skills video for an The maximum 5 inch LDH stretch that one person can make is 200 Engineer "Hand-Jacking" a feet. supply line to a hydrant to establish an un-interrupted Using a humat valve in this supply evolution gives no hydraulic water supply to a Forward pumper. advantage. Disconnect the supply line from the humat before making your stretch, this will reduce the weight of your stretches.

Follow the check-off sheet sequence to avoid making multiple trips back and forth from the hydrant to the truck.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.10 – Hand-Jacking to a Hydrant - Page 2 of 2

"Hand-Jacking" a Supply Line to a Hydrant Engineer's Position Check Off Sheet Student Date: Evaluator Pass/Fail The company officer on the forward pumper will direct the engineer to set up the initial attack line selected and then "hand jack" to a hydrant that is located less than 200 feet away Once the attack line is charged and the engineer's assistance is no longer required in setting up the initial attack, they will go to rear hose bed of truck and disconnect the supply hose from the humat valve. Once disconnected, place the supply hose on your shoulder and stretch the supply line out of the hose bed walking forward Once the next coupling falls to the ground, place the supply hose on the ground and return to the supply hose bed and repeat another 100 foot stretch if necessary Return to the hose bed, break the supply hose coupling, throwing the unused hose section over the hose bed bar. Making sure you have enough hose to finish the stretch to the hydrant before breaking the two hoses Make the connection into the main suction of the truck and open the bleeder Retrieve the hydrant wrench and the proper couplings and return to the end of the supply hose Make the final stretch to the hydrant Once at the hydrant, place the hose coupling on the ground in a safe area. Remove the steamer cap with the plug wrench and place it where it will not be a trip hazard . Slowly open the hydrant to flush and verify it is working. Once verified and flushed, shut the hydrant off. Retrieve the hose and couplings and determine the proper size coupling to use to make the steamer connection. Make the connection to the hydrant Before charging the line, flake out the supply hose in manner that keeps the hose from kinking and off the roadway if possible when charged Place yourself behind the hydrant and slowly and completely open the hydrant. Once fully open, take the hydrant wrench and return to the apparatus while removing any kinks in the supply line Return to the pump panel and adjust your pump pressure as necessary

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.11 – Relay Pumping - Page 1 of 1 Relay Pumping

Relay pumping operations are rarely used on a fire ground. They are usually employed when large amounts of water are required on a long term water flow operation (could be up to days). The IC will need to make a decision early on in the operation, on whether available resource is better utilized setting up a relay operation, as opposed to setting up a long term water shuttle operation.

Relay pumping will be defined as: 2 or more pumpers that are required to move water from a distance that would require excessive pressures if only one key pumper were assigned to pump the supply line. This fits into the Key pumper and Forward pumper water supply model.

If a relay operation is implemented into the Incident Action Plan, the IC should designate a water supply group supervisor and place them on a separate radio channel.

The enemy of moving water through any piping or appliance is friction loss. There is approximately 6 to 8 pounds of friction loss per 100 foot section of 5 inch LDH supply hose flowing 1,000 gpm. As previously stated in the Clay Fire task manual, LDH supply line lays of over 500 feet should be pumped when supplying aerial devices, large bore master streams, or several handlines at once. A single, 1,000 foot section of 5 inch hose can usually deliver the entire volume of the hydrant when being pumped by a key pumper.

But past the first 1,000 feet of a supply hose lay, the key pumper cannot overcome all of the friction loss in the supply hose, and the amount of available water will be reduced as the length of the supply line gets longer and longer. This is due to the max pressure a supply line can be pumped, 185 psi.

The ideal relay pumping operation would place a relay pumper at least every 1,000 feet on the supply hose, with a key pumper on the hydrant. Placing a key pumper on the hydrant is KEY to any relay operation (the actual reason the "Key" pumper is identified as the key pumper). You cannot flow the max hydrant gpm in any relay operation without a key pumper on the hydrant.

There are several different variables when setting up a relay operations and each relay operation will be different. This section gives an IC the basic principles to consider if the critical factors of the incident would indicate a relay pumping operation.

Please view the relay pumping video where we incorporated all of the pressurized water supply tasks level videos and check off sheets that are included in the pressurized water supply task manual (5.1 - 5.3).

Click inside the graphic to view the Relay Pumping video. This video overviews a 2,700 ft long - 5" LDH relay operation drill that Clay Fire performed in 2012.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.12 – Water Shuttle Operations - Page 1 of 7

Water Shuttle – General Guidelines

Clay Fire Territory’s response area consists of hydrant areas along with non-hydrant areas. All response officers should be familiar with the locations of the water sources in their operating districts.

In working fire situations, the IC will need to make the determination to either use 1 of the 3 water supply options:

• Tank water • Pressurized water supply • Water shuttle operation

Whenever possible, Clay FD will try to utilize a water supply from a fire hydrant as opposed to using a drafting/water shuttle operation. When a hydrant is not located close to the scene (over 2,000 feet away) a water shuttle operation should be set up and utilized as soon as possible if the fire flows require it.

If the IC forecasts/predicts that more than two standard sized booster tanks of water (over 2,000 gallons) will be required to properly control and overhaul the fire in a non-hydrant area, they should establish a portable water tank dump site and a Tanker water supply operation.

The key to a successful water shuttle operation is the initial portable water tank set up location and minimizing the idle time of water shuttling apparatus. The proper initial set up of a portable water supply operation is essential for two reasons; (1) the water supply requirements are most critical during the first few minutes of the fire attack, and (2) it is difficult or impossible to build on or maneuver around a poor set up.

A water shuttle specific 1st/Box alarm response should be able to provide a continuous flow of 500+ gpm if the water supply source is located a reasonable distance from the scene and the dump site has been properly set up.

Because a water shuttle operation takes place outside of the hazard zone, pumping engineers and water shuttle apparatus operators should be placed on a separate radio channel that is managed by a water supply group supervisor. This will greatly reduce radio traffic on the hazard zone tactical channel.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.12 – Water Shuttle Operations - Page 2 of 7 Water Shuttle – General Guidelines Cont' There are 2 main components to a water shuttle operation:

• Dump Site; using portable water tanks at the scene • Fill Site; utilizing a fire hydrant, a well pumping station, or a draft location away from the scene to fill water shuttle apparatus

Dump Site - On most offensive working fires in areas without hydrants, the initial arriving Engine Company will respond directly to the scene and begin their fire attack using tank water. Once the initial arriving pump operator has their pump panel set up, they will assist a subsequent arriving Engine or Tanker driver with setting up a portable water tank to start a drafting operation if the fire flows require it.

Members must spot their apparatus and set-up the portable water tanks in a manner that maximizes water shuttle apparatus access in, out, and around the water tanks and the emergency scene in general.

Fill Site - The closer the fill site is to the dump site will greatly increase the water flows that can be achieved. Fill sites should be selected in the following order:

 Hydrants that are located closest to the scene  Well pumping stations that are located closest to the scene  Drafting locations that are located closest to the scene

Once a pressurized supply site has been initially set-up, leave all supply hose, valves and accessories attached and in place until the operation is concluded. This will great speed up the turnaround times at the fill site.

If shuttled water has to be drafted out of a static water source, Command should dedicate one drafting pumper at the source to supply/fill water shuttling apparatus. This will provide for the quickest turn-around times at the fill site.

Dump Site Access - As previously stated, Tanker access in, out, and around the dump site is critical in maintaining adequate fire flows. The dump site will fall into two (2) different categories:

1. A Standard access dump site 2. A Cul-de-sac dump site

Each dump site will be will be detailed in the next few pages.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.12 – Water Shuttle Operations - Page 3 of 7

Setting up a Standard Access Dump Site

A Standard Access dump site will be defined as: A portable water tank set up that is located on a roadway, parking lot or any other area that allows Tankers (and other dept. apparatus and vehicles) forward access to and from the portable water tanks without having to back up or turn their vehicle around during the dumping process or while exiting the dump site. The fill site(s) for the operation should also be set up in the same manner to facilitate faster turnaround times.

All units must spot their apparatus during a water shuttle operation in a manner that maximizes Tanker apparatus access in, out, and around the water tanks, and the emergency scene in general.

On most offensive working fires in areas without hydrants, the initial arriving Engine Company will respond directly to the scene and begin their fire attack using tank water. Once the initial arriving pump operator has their pump panel set up, and if the fire flows require it, they will assist a subsequent arriving Engine or Tanker driver with setting up a portable water tank to start a drafting operation.

If the Tanker will arrive after the 2nd or 3rd due Engine company, The IC can direct subsequent arriving Engines Co's to provide the forward pumper with a nursing operation until the first Tanker arrives on scene and a drafting operation can be initiated. Nursing apparatus must place their company in a manner that maximizes Tanker apparatus access in, out, and around the Incident's dump site.

This graphic depicts a Standard Access dump site where the Tankers have forward access to and from the portable water tanks without having to back up or turn their vehicle around during the dumping process or while exiting the dump site. 58

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.12 – Water Shuttle Operations - Page 4 of 7 Setting up a Dump Site Overview This overview will cover setting up the dump site with a Tanker. All Clay Tanker apparatus are equipped with a 2,000 to 3,000 gallon portable water tank. For every 100 gpm that is being flowed will require 1 Tanker. Example: A 500 gpm flow will require 5 Tankers to sustain an adequate fire flow.

 Once the initial arriving pump operator has their pump panel set up, and if the fire flows require it, they will assist a subsequent arriving Tanker driver with setting up a portable water tank to start a drafting operation.

 First due Tanker drivers should make their initial spot next to the forward pumper in a manner that does not require them to reposition their truck to make their first water dump after the first tank has been set up

 Spotting the Tanker in this manner will also help ensure that there will be sufficient access to the dump site

 Once the Tanker has made its spot and the parking brake has been set, both Engineers will go to the portable tank storage rack located on the side of the Tanker and they will assist each other with removing the portable tank from its rack

 Once removed, both members carry the portable tank to the front of the forward pumper

 Open up the portable tank to its open position

 Adjust the tank as necessary to ensure that the tank drains are located on the down slope of the surface you're setting it up on

 Position the fully open tank in a manner that will allow the forward pumpers front suction strainer to touch the bottom of the tank

 Position the fully open tank in a manner that allows Tankers forward access to and from the tank(s) without any restrictions

 Once the tank is in the proper position, the forward pumper operator will place their front suction in the bottom of the tank

 Once the tank is in the proper position, the Tanker driver must close or secure their potable tank compartment or storage rack, and then they will proceed to the cab of the Tanker and prepare to dump their tank

 Once the suction is in place and the Tanker driver is in position, the forward pump operator will give the signal to the Tanker driver to make their water dump

 After making the water dump, the Tanker driver will proceed to the closest, most appropriate fill site and the forward pump operator will initiate a drafting operation

Click on the graphic to launch the Video video overview of setting up a Coming portable water tank dump site 59 Soon

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.12 – Water Shuttle Operations - Page

Setting up a 2nd Tank at a Dump Site Overview This overview will cover setting up a 2nd portable water tank at a previously established dump site. Setting up a 2nd water tank greatly increase the sustained fire flows that are possible and it should be a high priority on any operation that requires these higher flows.

 Once the initial arriving pump operator has their first water tank set up and the drafting operation is up and running, remove a 2nd water tank from a later arriving Tanker apparatus

 Once removed, carry the portable tank to the front of the water tank that is already set up

 Open up the portable tank to its open position

 Adjust the tank as necessary to ensure that the tank drains are located on the down slope of the surface you're setting it up on

 Position the fully open tank in a manner that allows Tankers forward access to and from the tank(s) without any restrictions. This should be directly in-line with the first tank

 Position the fully open tank in a manner that allows a hard suction to reach the bottom of second

tank and then safely flow water into the first tank

 Once the tank is in the proper position, the potable tank compartment or storage rack must be closed or secured

 The tank is ready to be filled

 Once the tank has been filled, the forward pumper operator will retrieve and then place their 10 foot Jet siphon between the two tanks. Depending on the apparatus, this task could require two people to safely complete

 Deploy a short length of 1 3/4" hose - The bumper line works well for this

 Connect the 1 3/4" short length to the end of the jet syphon that will be placed in the 2nd tank. Position the line so that it will be out of the roadway and it won't kink when charged

 Place the 1 3/4" end of the hose in the 2nd tank

 Secure the middle of the hard suction to the top of the two tanks using a hose strap or a short length of rope

 When the 1st tank is getting low, charge the 1 3/4 handline. This will create a venturi effect, siphoning the water out of the 2nd tank into the 1st tank

 Repeat as necessary. Operators should always attempt to keep the 1st tank full because this is the actual drafting tank

Click on the graphic to launch the Video

video overview of setting up a 2nd Coming portable water tank at a dump site Soon 60

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.12 – Water Shuttle Operations - Page Setting up a Cul-de-sac dump site Overview

A Cul-de-sac dump site will be defined as: dead end access that requires a supply line to be laid to the forward pumper from a dump site that is in a location that facilitates Tanker apparatus having better dump site access and quicker turnaround times to and from the dump site. Utilizing a Cul-de- sac dump site is the safest possible way to perform a water shuttle operation in these circumstances and it offers the operation the following advantages:

 Greatly increases the safety of all members working at the scene

 Tankers have much better access to the dump site  Much quicker turnaround times for shuttling apparatus  Eliminates congestion around the Incident scene  Eliminates the need to reposition or back up apparatus long distances

All units must spot their apparatus during a water shuttle operation in a manner that maximizes Tanker apparatus access in, out, and around the water tanks, and the emergency scene in general.

Cul-de-sac Deployment Guidelines

 First in Company Officer's when responding to an Incident must use their computer mapping function to determine as quickly as possible if the dispatched address is located in a Cul-de-sac or on a dead end roadway.  Once it has been determined that the Incident is located in a Cul-de-sac in a non-hydrant area, it must be announced over the dispatched frequency  Once announced, all units will Level 1 Stage outside of the Cul-de-sac entrance  No unit will enter the Cul-de-sac unless they are directed to by the IC  The radio announcement while responding should sound like this "E-21 to County Fire... this Incident is located in a Cul-de-sac. All units Level 1 stage outside of the Cul-de-sac". County Fire will then use the order model and repeat back to all responding units.

Typical Cul-de-sac Order of Arrival Task Set

 The initial arriving Engine Company will respond directly to the scene, assume command, and begin their fire attack using tank water  Once it has been determined that more than 2,000 gallons of water may be required, order the 2nd due Engine company to lay a supply line to the forward pumper from the entrance of the Cul-de-sac  The supply line should be laid at less than 10 mph and whenever possible, avoid blocking apparatus and vehicle access into the scene with the supply line  Once at the scene, the 2nd due pumper can perform a nursing operation until the shuttle operation is set up and operating  If a Tanker is located in Level 1 Staging when the supply line is laid, they should be assigned to set up their portable water tank to the operations best advantage and dump their tank water in to the portable tank. This will get them to the appropriate fill site as soon as possible  The 3rd due Engine company will be responsible for picking up the supply line and setting up the drafting operation at the dump site. Position your apparatus in a manner that does not block access to the scene or hinders access around the dump site

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 5: Water Supply 5.12 – Water Shuttle Operations - Page

Setting up a Cul-de-sac Dump Site Overview Cont'

The below graphic depicts a Cul-de-sac dump site where dead end access requires a supply line to be laid to the forward pumper from a dump site pumper that is in a location that facilitates giving Tanker apparatus better dump site access and quicker turnaround times to and from the fill site to the dump site.

Click on the graphic to launch Video the video overview of setting up a Cul-de-sac dump site Coming Soon

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.0 – Standard Company Functions - Page 1 of 1

Standard Company Functions - Assign basic fireground functions and activities to companies based upon the capability and characteristics of each type of unit.

Standard company operations assign fireground functions to the particular company who can best accomplish the task/operation.

Standard company operations integrate the efforts of Engine, Tanker and Ladder/Truck companies to effectively complete the chosen strategy’s tactical priorities.

The following items represent the standard operations that will typically be performed by Engine, Tanker and Ladder/Truck. These basic functions will provide the framework for field assignments for these companies:

Standard Engine Company Functions: Standard Tanker Functions:

 Establish a water supply  Establish a water supply from a hydrant (T-22)  Stretch hoselines  Provide a Nursing operation  Operate nozzles  Assist with portable tank setup  Search, rescue, and treatment  Water dumps into portable tanks  Open up concealed spaces  Set up a pressurized fill site  Deploy ground ladders  Shuttle water from a fill site to the dump area  Pump supply lines  Assist other pump operators as needed  Supply master streams  Loss control activities

Standard Ladder/Truck Company Functions:

 Establish a water supply (Quints)  Stretch hoselines  Search, rescue, and treatment  Provide ventilation (many forms)  Forcible entry  Raise ladders  Provide access/check for fire extension  Utility control  Provide lighting  Deploy aerial devises  Operate ladder pipes  Perform overhaul  Loss control activities

Every company will be expected to perform all basic functions safely within the limits of their capability, and it will be the on-going responsibility of Command to integrate company tasks and objectives as required with the on-scene units. 64

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.1 – Offensive Fire Control General Overview - Page 1 of 4

Tactical Priorities

Generally, the IC tries to achieve the same basic objectives from one incident to the next. Tactical priorities offer a regular set of “hooks” on which the IC can hang tactical activities in order to develop a standard approach to solving incident problems. With this standard approach, the IC can manage the basic work sequence at every incident, in the same manner. This creates consistency the troops can understand and dependability that continually creates standard actions to the current conditions.

Once the overall incident strategy has been determined, the IC must manage the completion of the tactical priorities for the chosen strategy. Each strategy has a different set of tactical priorities to complete.

Offensive Tactical Priorities:

 Fire Control (F/C) – “Under Control”  Life Safety – Primary and Secondary “All Clear(s)” (A/C)  Property Conservation – “Loss Stopped” (L/S)  Customer Stabilization – Short term

Defensive Tactical Priorities:

 Define the Hazard Zone  Establish Cut-offs – Forward progress stopped  Search exposures - Primary and Secondary “All Clears” – A/C’s

 Protect exposures - “Fire Control” - Loss Stopped  Surround and drown

Offensive attack line considerations

When operating in the offensive strategy, attack hose lines of adequate volume should be advanced inside the fire building to put water on the fire and to control access through doors, halls, stairways, or other vertical and horizontal channels through which people and fire may travel.

 On all offensive fires, always use the fastest means possible to apply water on the fire. This sometimes means that we apply water from an exterior position prior to making entry to mop up the fire.  When applying water from an exterior position on an offensive fire, always use a straight stream on a fog nozzle or smooth bore nozzle when applying water (never “fog” an opening from the exterior).  All initial attack efforts must be directed toward supporting rescue efforts and hose lines must be placed in a manner to confine/control the fire, control interior access, and protect avenues of escape.  When no life is endangered, the number one priority is fire control.  Additional hose lines should cover other critical areas exposed to the fire.  Only back up in place hose lines if it is requested.  In situations involving larger structures, additional hose lines should be deployed to protect secondary means of egress (always consider the presence of personnel operating in opposing positions). 65

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.1 – Offensive Fire Control General Overview - Page 2 of 4

An offensive attack should achieve an effect on the fire very quickly once it’s in place and operating. Consequently, backup plans should be developed quickly. If you apply water to an offensive attack position and the fire does not go out – react quickly. Back it up or re-deploy to a more effective position.

Predict where the fire is going to go and put crews in positions ahead of the fire. This is especially true when fighting fires in compartmentalized structures such as strip malls, apartments or any compartmentized structure with a common attic or concealed space(s).

Beware of hose lines that have been operated in the same place for long periods. Fire conditions should change during the course of fire operations (better or worse) and the effect of hose line operations must be continually evaluated by the IC. If the operation of such lines becomes ineffective,

move, adjust, or redeploy them.

Firefighters, Company Officers and S/D Officers must all assume responsibility for the effectiveness of their fire streams. The officers must maintain an awareness of where fire streams are going, their effectiveness and then report the general operational characteristics back to the S/D Officer or Command when requested.

Fire stream considerations - Fire control forces must consider the characteristics of fire streams and choose the most effective nozzle/stream for the task:

 Smooth bore nozzles: Greater penetration, reach and striking power. Less steam conversion.  Fog nozzles: Increased heat absorption/expansion. Shorter reach. Most effective in personnel protection, confined spaces, horizontal/hydraulic ventilation and protecting exposures.

Choose the proper sized attack line:

 1-3/4” Lines: Fast, mobile, good volume, 150-200 GPM  2” Lines: Reasonable speed, mobility and variable volume depending on pump pressure and the nozzle used, up to 300 GPM  2-1/2” Lines: Slow and difficult to advance and move once charged and flowing, 200 – 400 GPM  Elevated Master Stream: Slow to set up – maximum water, 500 to 2,000 GPM  Engine Mounted Master Streams: Fast to set up, large volume, great reach and penetration, 500 to 1,000 GPM

Offensive attack activities must be highly mobile—as mobility is slowed, attack activities begin to become more defensive in nature and effect.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.1 – Offensive Fire Control General Overview - Page 3 of 4

Offensive Fire Control Operations

The IC manages this tactical priority by getting companies around all 7 sides of the fire and overwhelming it with water. The 7 sides of the fire are:

 The interior/inside  The top (includes ceilings, joist spaces, attics, and floors above)  The bottom (includes the floor below, crawl spaces, joist spaces and basements)  All four sides (includes adjacent rooms, occupancies, or other buildings) and the concealed

spaces of all those sides (includes walls, joists, attics, utility chases, void spaces, build- over’s, etc.).

Handline rules of thumb to apply when addressing the fire-control tactical priority:

 Always establish an early, uninterrupted water supply for interior fire-suppression activities.  Consider mobility vs. gpm when selecting the properly sized hose line.  The highest priority during initial operations is putting water on the fire  Whenever possible, fight the fire from the unburned portion of the structure.  The initial interior hoseline should be placed between the fire and the most severe exposure (people or property).  In most instances, the fire should be cut off and contained/knocked down to facilitate search and rescue activities and firefighter safety.  All members in the hazard zone must be working under the protection of a hoseline in their immediate geographical area.  No uncharged hoselines past the entry point of the structure.  No Gated-Y’s past the entry point of the structure.  All hoselines entering the hazard zone must be charged and have an adequate enough stream to protect entry crews.

 Maximum distance inside a structure is 175 feet.  Interior work times must be tied to SCBA air supplies, and the decision to exit the structure must be based on exiting with an air reserve (25%).

Water application

Firefighters must not focus only on what is on fire. In some cases, the most effective tactical analysis

involves an evaluation of what is not burning rather than what is actually on fire. The unburned portion represents where the fire is going and should establish the framework for fire control activities and requirements.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.1 – Offensive Fire Control General Overview - Page 4 of 4

Water application cont’

Officers and firefighters must consider the most critical direction and avenues of fire extension, plus the estimated speed of a standard fire progression, particularly as they affect:

 Rescue activities  Level of risk to fire fighters  Confinement efforts  The concealed spaces that house the structures main supporting elements  Exposures

The IC must request and allocate adequate personnel and resources based upon this fire spread evaluation.

Command will direct whatever operations are required to get water on the fire as early as possible in the event. The rescue/fire control-extension/exposure problem is solved in the majority of cases by a fast, strong, well-placed attack that puts water on the fire as soon as possible.

Water application must be based on decisions that relate to cutoff points and the development of a pessimistic fire control strategy that must also consider where the fire will be when attack efforts are ready to actually go into operation. It takes a certain amount of time to get water to a location, and the fire will continue to eat up property while the attack is being set up.

Don't play "catch up" with a fire that is burning through a building. Project your set-up time, write off lost property and get ahead of the fire to adequately overpower it.

The basic variables relating to attack operations involve:

• Location/position of attack • Size of attack • Support functions

The IC will develop an effective attack through the management of these factors. Command must balance and integrate attack size and position with fire conditions, risk and resources.

All initial attack efforts must be directed toward supporting rescue efforts and hose lines must be placed in a manner to control interior access, confine and put out the fire, and to protect avenues of escape.

Normal means of egress most often times will give control forces the fastest access possible to apply water on the fire while protecting these avenues of escape for occupants and firefighters.

In some instances (upper floor occupancies with long handline stretches) it may be faster using alternate means of egress to apply water on the fire (ground ladders, aerial devices, fire escapes, drop ba gs, etc.). When using alternate means of egress to quickly put water on the fire, command as soon as possible, must have units cover and protect the normal means of egress for both occupants and firefighters to safely utilize.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.2 – Engine Company rear hosebed configuration and evolutions - Page 1 of 7

Clay Fire has several different types of pumping apparatus, but most of the rear hose beds are set up the same way. One side of the hose bed consists of 1,000 ft of 5” supply hose and the other side of the bed holds 500 ft of 2 ½” attack hose. This side of the hose

bed contains 1,000 ft of

5” supply hose that is flat loaded (refer to

section 5.5).

This section of the rear

bed contains 200 ft of 3” hose that is used to supply a RAM.

The supply hose is hooked to a Humat hydrant valve that is placed in a bracket on

the tailboard of the truck (refer to section 5.9).

500 ft of 2 ½” hose. Loaded in 2 different ways.

The bottom portion of the hose load is a 400 ft - flat, dead load. A dead load does not pre-connect into any of the pumps plumbing. Once the desired length has been deployed, the Engineer will break a coupling and then connect the stretched hoseline to a 2 ½” discharge gate. The nozzle person will verbally signal the Engineer when

to charge the stretched line.

The top 75 ft of the 2 ½” hose load is a “Horseshoe” load

that is connected to a 1 ¼” smoothbore tip attached to 2 ½” ball valve shut-off. The nozzle tip can be quickly removed from the shutoff valve so a high-rise pack Gated-Wye can be attached and quickly deployed from the end of the stretch.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.2 – Engine Company rear hosebed configuration and evolutions - Page 2 of 7

Rear Hose Bed - 2 ½” Handline Overview

The rear, 2 ½” hose bed consists of; a 400 ft - flat, dead load, with a 100 ft “Horseshoe” load, that is connected to the following nozzle configuration: Forward Hose Lay from a Hydrant to an Unsupported Forward Pumper Crew Check Off Sheet 1 ¼” Smooth  2 ½” play pipe style ball valve (shut-off valve) Bore Nozzle  Student2 ½” Stream shaper that is locked’ tight to the tip Date:  Evaluator1 ¼” Smooth bore nozzle tip Pass/Fail This hose load configuration is deployed in the following manner: Seat belt fastened

Order given by Company Officer to “Take the hydrant” Offensive attack line where big water is required. When used for interior Come to a complete stop approximately 10 feet past the hydrant firefighting, these lines are slow and difficult to advance and move once they are 2 ½” Stream Set parking brake charged and flowing. They should be deployed in settings that are more open with less Shaper Once ordered to proceed by the firefighter, disengage the parking brake and obstacles proceed to maneuver to the forward around (strips,spot as commercial directed by or yourbig box company fires). Offensive officer attack activitiesDo must not exceedbe highly 10 mobile mph —whenas mobility laying is supply slowed, hose attack activities begin to become more defensive in nature and effect. Once at the forward spot, come to a complete stop, set parking brake and place

the apparatus into pump gear OffensiveProperly attacks dismount that require the truck a Horizontal and set wheelStandpipe chocks. When used for this reason, the deployment would incorporate a 100 ft high rise pack that is connected to the ball Approach the rear supply hose bed and while walking forward, make your stretch valve onceuntil theyou nozzle hear theand next stream coupling shaper fall have from been the removed. supply hoseA quick bed hit can also be performed Break with the the coupling smooth boreat the nozzle rear hosebefore bed the nozzle is removed and the high rise pack’s Gated-Y is connected. The Gated-Y will also give you the advantage of getting Throw the unused supply hose coupling into the rear hose bed over the top bar2 ½” Ball Valve nd a 2 handlineMake the quickly supply into hose operation. connection The most into common the proper deploymen intake valvet settings for this hose evolution include; single family residences that have long setbacks from the Open the air bleeder roadway, apartment/condo complexes with difficult access, brush, trash or field fires in Move as much hose off of the roadway as possible before charging. Try to remote locations. prevent as many kinks as possible

Coordinate with the firefighter the opening of the hydrant. This can be done with Defensive an obvious attacks hand for direct signal water or over application a portable or exposureradio control. Most of the time, thePlace nozzle yourself configuration in a safe will position be used while to make the quick supply hits line and is high being rise charged pack

connectionsOnce onthe offensive supply line fires. is Usually charged in anddefensive bled ofoperations, air, close handlines the air bleeder are shut and fully down in favor of larger master stream flows. There will be occasions, based on open the intake valve arrangementRemove and any apparatus kinks in access, the hose where 2 ½” hand held master streams will be deployed to directly apply water on the fire or to protect exposures. The line could be Continue the pumping operation as specified by your company officer mobile, hitting various targets, or it can Crew be pressure check looped off onsheet top of itself in a permanent location where the nozzle pressure can be increased for increased gpm flows

Nozzle Pressures - the nozzle can be pumped at a 50 psi nozzle pressure (flowing 325 gpm) this will allow 2 firefighters some mobility with the hose line. Or, the handline can be pressure looped in a permanent location with a nozzle pressure of 80 psi

(flowing 435 gpm). The nozzle person can always use the playpipe shutoff to gate down the water flow when maneuvering/handling the handline.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.2 – Engine Company rear hosebed configuration, loads and evolutions - Page 3 of 7

Rear Hose Bed 400 ft - 2 ½” Flat Load Procedure

1. The flat load consists of 8 – 50 ft lengths of 2 1/2” hose. 2. Start the flat load by placing the first female coupling on the Forward Hose Lay from a Hydrant to an Unsupported Forward Pumper street side of the hose bed so it just hangs out of the hose bed. Crew Check Off Sheet This will allow that side of the hosebed to remain flat and it indicatesStudent where the end of the hose is located. Date: 3. TheEvaluator hose is loaded in adjacent stacks from side to side. This creates a layer of hose across the bed. Subsequent layers of Pass/Fail the hose will be loaded across the bed above the layer below. Seat belt fastened When flat loading hose, make sure the right and left sides of the Order given by Company Officer to “Take the hydrant” Start the flat load by placing the first hosebed are double stacked, this ensures that you will have a Come to a complete stop approximately 10 feet past the hydrantfemale coupling on the street side of level hosebed. Set parking brake the hose bed 4. Once you are to your first coupling, situate the coupling so it will Once ordered to proceed by the firefighter, disengage the parking brake and be pulled out of the bed without flipping over. Flipping couplings proceed to the forward spot as directed by your company officer can get caught on the back of the hosebed or other hose in the Do not exceed 10 mph when laying supply hose hosebed, they can cause damage to the surrounding hose, and Once at the forward spot, come to a complete stop, set parking brake and place theythe can apparatus also damage into the pump hosebed gear itself. 5. WhenProperly loading dismount the 2 ½” bed, the thetruck couplings and set will wheel sometime chocks land where there is no adjustment necessary because the coupling Approach the rear supply hose bed and while walking forward, make your stretch will notuntil flip you when hear being the deployed.next coupling Sometimes fall from the the coupling supply will hose bed

landBreak where the a “Du couplingtchman” at will the be rear need hoseed to bed be done to the coupling so it will not flip, or be directly on top of, behind of or Throw the unused supply hose coupling into the rear hose bed over the top bar next to another coupling. Make the supply hose connection into the proper intake valve"Dutchman" couplings should be 6. A “Dutchman” is a bedding technique that can be used to alter Open the air bleeder placed in the rear of the hosebed. the location and direction of the hose coupling so that it will Move as much hose off of the roadway as possible before charging. Try to slide off the rear of the hosebed without flipping. A “Dutchman” prevent as many kinks as possible is made by forming two folds in the hose in the shape of an “S” Coo rdinate with the firefighter the opening of the hydrant. This can be done with so thean couplingobvious willhand be signalpulled fromor over the abed portable without radio flipping over. 7. Couplings may also land where they’re stacked on top of one Place yourself in a safe position while the supply line is being charged anotherOnce creating the supply a heightened, line is charged uneven andhosebed. bled of Use air, a close the air bleeder and fully Dutchmanopen the to avoidintake couplings valve stacked on top of each other or havingRemove them nearany thekinks end in of the the hose hosebed . 8. On eachContinue layer theof hose, pumping the folds operation at the rear as specifiedof the bed by must your be company officer staggered in a long and short fashion, approximately 12” apart. Crew check off sheet This will keep the hose from making a ramp, reducing the risk of couplings getting hung up while stretching the hose. The folds at the rear of the bed must

9. Continue flat loading until you reach the 400 ft mark. be staggered in a long and short fashion, approximately 12” apart.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.2 – Engine Company rear hosebed configuration, loads and evolutions - Page 3 of 7

Rear Hose Bed 75 ft - 2 ½” Horseshoe Load Procedure 1. Once you have flat loaded the first 400’, flat load an additional 25’ of the 2 ½” hose. By loading the additional 25’ of 2 ½”, you will Forward Hose Lay from a Hydrant to an Unsupported Forward Pumper end up with a horseshoe that is approximately 60 to 75’ in length. Crew Check Off Sheet

2. Use theStudent marked areas of the hosebed to start the top and bottom Date: sections Evaluator of the horseshoe. Pass/Fail 3. Start the top of the horseshoe at the rear/tailboard section of the hosebed.Seat belt fastened

Order given by Company Officer to “Take the hydrant” Come to a complete stop approximately 10 feet past the hydrant 4. The horseshoe is all loaded on its bottom edge. Start the top of the horseshoe on the Set parking brake

Once ordered to proceed by the firefighter, disengage the parkingtailboard brake end of and the hose bed 5. Make the initial, inside horseshoe loop with the top of the proceed to the forward spot as directed by your company officer horseshoe at the rear tailboard section of the hose bed and then Do not exceed 10 mph when laying supply hose run your hose towards the cab of truck until you’re at the marker. Once at the forward spot, come to a complete stop, set parking brake and place

the apparatus into pump gear 6. Start to accordion fold the hose over the first inside section of the Properly dismount the truck and set wheel chocks horseshoe loop, working your way from the rear/tailboard section Approach the rear supply hose bed and while walking forward, make your stretch of the hosebed to the marker. until you hear the next coupling fall from the supply hose bed

Break the coupling at the rear hose bed 7. There should be no need to do any adjustments to the one Throw the unused supply hose coupling into the rear hose bed over the top bar coupling in the hose load. Make the supply hose connection into the proper intake valve Continue to fold the hose across Open the air bleeder 8. Continue to accordion fold on top of each new fold until you’re at the top of the previous layer. Use Move as much hose off of the roadway as possible before charging. Try to the nozzle. the mark on the rear of the hose prevent as many kinks as possible bed to measure the bottom of the Coordinate with the firefighter the opening of the hydrant. This can be done with 9. Once at the nozzle, adjust the load so the nozzle is laid down the horseshoe an obvious hand signal or over a portable radio street side of the bed, with the bale towards the horseshoe. Place yourself in a safe position while the supply line is being charged

Once the supply line is charged and bled of air, close the air bleeder and fully 10. The last step is pulling the horseshoe flush with the edge of the open the intake valve hosebed.Remove This anyallows kinks the horseshoein the hose to be more accessible and easily deployable. Continue the pumping operation as specified by your company officer

Crew check off sheet

Click on the Adjust the load so the nozzle is laid graphic to play the down the street side of the bed, rear hose bed with the bale towards the 2 1/2" loading horseshoe video

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.2 – Engine Company rear hosebed configuration, loads and evolutions - Page 3 of 7

High Rise Pack

100 ft High-Rise Pack in a ready state Forward Hose Lay from a Hydrant to an Unsupported Forward Pumper Crew Check Off Sheet The highStudent-rise pack consists of the following: Date:

 Evaluator100 ft of 1 ¾” hose (two – 50 ft. sections)  Pass/FailGated-Y

 SeatElkhart belt Chief fastened - High Rise Pack Nozzle Order given by Company Officer to “Take the hydrant”

For anCome offensive to arear complete hose stretch stop approximatelywhere the high rise10 feetpack past will be the deployed, hydrant the 2 ½” line will need be positioned Set parkingin close proximitybrake to the entrance being used to make entry into the interior. If a quick hit is performed,Once the ordered nozzle towill proceed need to beby movethe firefighter,d to the entry disengage location afterthe parking knockdown. brake Once and at the entrance proceed point, theto the high forward-rise pack’s spot Gated as directed-Y will be by attached your company to the closed officer 2 ½” ball valve (once the nozzleDo tip notand exceedstream shaper 10 mph have when been laying removed) supply and hose the 1 ¾” line will be stretched out and charged

prior toOnce entry. at This the deployment forward spot, method come allows to a completeanother company stop, set to comeparking in andbrake quickly and attachplace and the apparatusnd into pump gear deploy a 2 handline into the same fire area/location. Properly dismount the truck and set wheel chocks The nozzle used in the pack is an Elkhart Chief - high rise - constant flow, break apart nozzle with flows Approach the rear supply hose bed and while walking forward, make your stretch from 150until to you200 heargpm dependingthe next coupling on the configuration fall from the and supply nozzle hose pressure bed used. Break the coupling at the rear hose bed When usedThrow as the a fog unused nozzle, supply the nozzle hose will coupling deliver 200into gpm the rearwhen hose bed over the top bar it is pumped Make at the a nozzlesupply pressure hose connection of 75 psi. Lowerinto the nozzle proper intake valve pressuresOpen will the result air inbleeder lower gpm flows. The nozzle can also be

brokenMove apart andas much used ashose a smooth off of thebore roadway nozzle (excellent as possible for before charging. Try to CAF’s application).prevent as manyWhen kinksseparated, as possible the shut -off portion of the nozzle Coordinatehas a 1” smooth with borethe firefighternozzle that the will openingdeliver 200+ of the gpm hydrant. at This can be done with a nozzle an pressure obvious of hand 50 psi. signal When or use over in athis portable configu radioration, never pumpPlace the yourself nozzle inover a safe 50 psi position when you while are the just supply flowing line is being chargedElkhart Chief water. Once the supply line is charged and bled of air, close the air bleederHigh Rise and nozzle fully open the intake valve

The gatedRemove-wye used any inkinks the packin the has hose a 2 ½” female inlet, with two, 1 ½”Continue male outlets. the pumping This appliance operation can asadequately specified supply by your 2 – company officer 1 ¾” handlines at normal pump pressures Crew flowing check 400 g offpm. sheet When used with a 2 ½” handline stretch, the stream shaper on the nozzle MUST be removed prior to attaching the Gated -Y. Each 1 ½” outlet is controlled by a ball valve that has a handle attached. The direction of the handles indicates whether

the valve is opened or closed. When in line with the opening (picture to the right) the valve is open. A handle that is turned to the side of the valve indicates the valve is shut. Both handles Gated-Wye should be in the closed position when storing the high rise pack.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.2 – Engine Company rear hosebed configuration and evolutions - Page 4 of 7

High-rise Pack Hose Loading Procedure

1. Attach the Gated-Y and nozzle onto the appropriate ends of each hoseForward and place Hose them Lay right from next a to Hydrant each other. to anLeave Unsupported the Forward Pumper

nozzle open. Crew Check Off Sheet

2. Stretch Student out the two lengths of hose , using the coupling as the Date: half-way point. Evaluator Pass/Fail 3. Once stretched and flattened at the half way point, walk the Seat belt fastened hose back to Gated-Y and nozzle and place the coupling about Order given by Company Officer to “Take the hydrant” Place the nozzle and gated-wye 2 ft short of the appliances. Come to a complete stop approximately 10 feet past the hydrantnext to each and stretch the hose

Set parking brake 4. Go back to the ends of the hose and walk both sections back to Once ordered to proceed by the firefighter, disengage the parking brake and the appliances, making another half section of hose. proceed to the forward spot as directed by your company officer Do not exceed 10 mph when laying supply hose 5. Return Once to ends at the of forwardthe hose, spot, neatly come stack, to and a complete then fold thestop, hose set parking brake and place in halfthe for apparatus a third time. into pump gear

Properly dismount the truck and set wheel chocks 6. Once flipped and neatly stacked, place 3 of the packs hose Approach the rear supply hose bed and while walking forward, make your stretch strapsuntil in place.you hear the next coupling fall from the supply hose bed

Break the coupling at the rear hose bed Fold the hose over itself leaving 7. Neatly stack all of the hose folds, and then flip the nozzle and Throw the unused supply hose coupling into the rear hose bedthe couplingover the 2 top ft short bar of the nozzle Gated -Y on top of the stacked hose. Make the supply hose connection into the proper intake valve Open the air bleeder 8. Place the first hose strap in a manner that securely fastens both Move as much hose off of the roadway as possible before charging. Try to appliances together on one end of the hose. prevent as many kinks as possible Coordinate with the firefighter the opening of the hydrant. This can be done with 9. The second strap will secure the middle of the pack, and the an obvious hand signal or over a portable radio thirdPlace strap willyourself secure in the a safeopposite position end ofwhile the pack.the supply line is being charged Once the supply line is charged and bled of air, close the air bleeder and fully 10. Onceopen all the the 3 intakestraps arevalve secured to the pack, fold the hose in half oneRemove last time, any placingkinks in it theon top hose of the nozzle and Gated-Y. After 3 folds, place the hose straps Continue the pumping operation as specified by your companyunder officer the hose 11. Place your final strap in the middle of Crew the bundle, check securing off s theheet entire pack together.

12. Once secured, place the pack in the appropriate compartment on the apparatus.

Click on the graphic to play the High-rise Pack hose load video Fold the appliances on top of the hose and securely fasten with strap 74

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.2 – Engine Company rear hosebed configuration and evolutions - Page 5 of 7

2 ½ inch Smooth Bore Nozzle Stretch – Nozzle Person

Forward Hose Lay2 ½ from inch a SmoothHydrant toBore an UnsupportedNozzle Stretch Forward PumperPass Fail Crew Check Off Sheet Nozzle Position Check Off Sheet StudentProperly exit the cab of the truck once it has come to a complete Date: stop and Evaluatorthe parking brake has been set Pass/FailProce ed to the rear hose bed and remove the hosebed cover Retrieve the 2 ½ nozzle from the bed, hold the nozzle with the hand away Seat beltfrom fastened the hose bed Order givenWhile standingby Company on the Officer tailboard to ,“Take face the the street hydrant” side of where the 2 ½ bed is Come locatedto a complete once the stop nozzle approximately is secure 10 feet past the hydrant Set parkingPull the brake horseshoe far enough out of the hosebed so that you have enough Once orderedroom to placeto proceed your free by handthe firefig and armhter, through disengage the top the of parkingthe horseshoe brake and proceedPlace to the your forward free arm spot through as directed the horseshoe by your as company close to your officer shoulder as Do notpossible exceed and10 mphhold ontowhen to laying the horseshoe supply hose firmly while standing on the tailboard Once at the forward spot, come to a complete stop, set parking brake and place Face the back edge of tailboard, look down and safely step off of the the apparatustailboard. into This pump motion gear should place the horseshoe on the top of your Properlyshoulder dismount while the the truck other and arm set secures wheel the chocks nozzle ApproachMove the to rearyour supplytarget area hose while bed firmly and whileholding walking the horseshoe forward, on make your shoulderyour stretch until youWhen hear you the are next within coupling 75 ft of fall your from target the area, supply notify hose the bedEngineer that Break enoughthe coupling hose hasat the been rear deployed hose bed and break the line at the truck Throw Properlythe unused flake sup outply the hose horseshoe coupling line intowhile the moving rear hosetowards bed your over target the top bar Make theAvoids supply making hose spaghetti connection piles intoand hosethe proper kinks intake valve Open theOnce air at bleeder your target, signal the Engineer to charge the line. Do not signal to Move assoon much hose off of the roadway as possible before charging. Try to preventWait as formany your kinks partner as beforepossible opening and advancing the handline CoordinateFlow waterwith the for 1firefighter minute hitting the opening various targets of the whilehydrant. maintaining This can control be done of with an obviousthe handl handine signal at all timesor over a portable radio Place yourselfWhen advancing in a safe the position line for whilea defensive the supply operation line whereis being the charged line will be in a stationary position, create a proper pressure loop for the line using at least Once the60 tosupply 75 ft of line hose. is charged This is b estand done bled prior of air, to chargingclose the air bleeder and fully open theExtend intake the valve nozzle under the loop at least 2 ft past the hose RemoveOnce any charged, kinks in adjust the hose your loop before opening the nozzle ContinueProperly the pumping place yourself operation in seated as specified position onby top your of companythe hose and officer flow water for 30 seconds Crew check off sheet

Click on the graphic to play the 2 ½ inch Smooth Bore Nozzle Stretch video for the nozzle position

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.2 – Engine Company rear hosebed configuration and evolutions - Page 6 of 7

2 ½ inch Smooth Bore Nozzle Stretch – Engineer

Forward Hose Lay from a Hydrant to an Unsupported Forward Pumper 2 ½ inchCrew Smooth Check Bore Off NozzleSheet Stretch Pass Fail Student Engin eer Position Check Off Sheet Date: Once direct to the correct spot, set the parking break, place the truck in Evaluatorpump gear, properly exit the cab and set your wheel chalks Pass/FailProceed to the rear hose bed and assist the FF with stretching the 2 1/2” Seat belthandl fastenedine Order givenOnce signaledby Company that there Officer is sufficient to “Take hose the stretched,hydrant” return to the rear of the Come totruck a complete and break stop the 2 approximately ½” handline. This 10 mayfeet requirepast th ae properhydrant pullback. Once the line is broken, throw the unused line coupling back into the hosebed Set parking brake Connect the line to proper 2 ½” discharge outlet Once ordered to proceed by the firefighter, disengage the parking brake and Wait for the signal to charge the line. Once given, charge the line at the proceedproper to the pump forward pressure spot andas directedset your governorby your company officer Do notOnce exceed charged 10 mph remove when any laying kinks supply in the linehose that are not in the warm and hot Once atzones the forward spot, come to a complete stop, set parking brake and place the apparatusBe prepared into topump adjust gear your pump pressures based on how the line is being Properlyused dismount (smooth the bore truck mobile, and smooth set wheel bore chocks stationary, or 1 to 2 high rise packs) Approach the rear supply hose bed and while walking forward, make your stretch until you hear the next coupling fall from the supply hose bed Break the coupling at the rear hose bed Throw the unused supply hose coupling into the rear hose bed over the top bar Make the supply hose connection into the proper intake valve Open the air bleeder Move as much hose off of the roadway as possible before charging. Try to prevent as many kinks as possible Click on the graphic to play the Coordinate with the firefighter the opening of the hydrant. 2This ½ inch can Smooth be done Bore with Nozzle an obvious hand signal or over a portable radio Stretch video for the Engineer position Place yourself in a safe position while the supply line is being charged Once the supply line is charged and bled of air, close the air bleeder and fully open the intake valve Remove any kinks in the hose Continue the pumping operation as specified by your company officer Crew check off sheet

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.2 – Engine Company rear hosebed configuration and evolutions - Page 7 of 7

Horizontal Standpipe Deployment

Forward Hose Lay from a Hydrant to an Unsupported Forward Pumper Pass Fail CrewHorizontal Check StandpipeOff Sheet Company Officer/Firefighter Check Off Sheet Student Date: Both members properly dismount the apparatus once the parking brake has Evaluatorbeen set Pass/FailFF - will properly follow the 2 ½ inch Smooth Bore Nozzle Stretch procedure Seat beltCo fastenedOfficer - proceed to the correct compartment and remove the high rise pack that has the nozzle and Gated-Y attached. Close compartment door Order givenBoth members by Company proceed Officer to the to target “Take area the hydrant” Come toIf aa quick complete hit was stop performed approximately before deploying 10 feet past the high the risehydrant pack, shut down Set parkingthe nozzle brake and position the line at least 6 ft away from your entry point Once orderedCo officer to - proceed once they by hav thee reachedfirefighter, the disengagetarget area, the lay parkingout the pack brake in and proceedmanner to the that forward places spot the asnozzle directed and Gated by your-Y towardscompany the officer entry point, where Do not bothexceed appliances 10 mph are when situated layi ngon supplytop of the hose hose. Once atCo the Officer forward - once spot, lay comeout, assist to a thecomplete firefighter stop, with set completing parking braketheir 2 and1/2 place the apparatushose stretch. into pump gear ProperlyFF dismount – remove thethe trucksmooth and bore set tip wheel and stream chocks shaper, place them in a manner that won’t cause a trip hazard Approach the rear supply hose bed and while walking forward, make your stretch Co Officer –give the Gated-Wye to the FF to connect until you hear the next coupling fall from the supply hose bed Co Officer – stretch out the high rise pack handline by using the coupling in a Break the coupling at the rear hose bed manner that prevents kinks Throw FFthe - unusedAttach the supply Gated hose-Y to couplingthe 2 ½ shut into off the and rear wait hose for the bed line over to be the top bar Make theproperly supply stretched hose connection out before openinginto the proper intake valve Open theCo airOfficer bleeder and FF – coordinate charging the line. When ready to charge, FF Move aswill much open hoseup the off 2 ½”of shutthe roadway off valve andas possible charge the before line. Ensurecharging. the Tryother to prevent1 as½” manyball valve kinks on asthe possible Gated-Y is closed prior to charging CoordinatePlace with the 2the 1/2" firefighter ball valve the on openingits side after of the charging hydrant. the Thisline can be done with an obviousDon SCBAhand signalface pieces or over and a go portable on air radio Place yOpenourself the in 1 a¾” safe line positionto ensure while proper the stream supply and line gpm is beingprior to charged making entry Once theFlow supply water linefor 1 is minute charged hitting and various bled of targets air, close while the maintaining air bleeder control and of fully open thethe intake handline valve at all times Remove any kinks in the hose Continue the pumping operation as specified by your company officer

Crew check off sheet

Click on the graphic to play the Horizontal Standpipe deployment video

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.3 – Engine Company Cross lay hosebed configuration and evolutions - Page 1 of 4

Cross Lay Hose Beds Clay Fire has several different types of pumping apparatus. Engines 24 and Engine 25 have 3 cross lay hose beds while the restForward of Clay’s Hose Engine Lay Co.’s from have a 2Hydrant cross lay to hose an beds.Unsupported Each Forward Pumper cross lay contains a triple loadedCrew 200 Checkft. 1 ¾” handlineOff Sheet with an

StudentElkhart Chief nozzle a ttached to the end of it. Date: Evaluator No hose connections are required in order to charge a cross Pass/Fail loaded line once it has been stretched. All 200 ft. cross lays are Seatpre-connected belt fastened into the discharge side of the pump using a pig tail. OrderA pig tailgiven is a by10 Companyto 12 foot sec Offitioncer of to 1 “Take ¾” hose the that hydrant” allows the Comeentire lineto a to complete be disconnected stop approximately from the truck 10 without feet pasthaving the to hydrant Set parking brake have a full set of tools and 30 minutes. Triple loaded Once ordered to proceed by the firefighter, disengage the parking brake and Cross Lay Hose Bed proceed to the forward spot as directed by your company officer There are no attack hose loads that will magically deploy without Do not exceed 10 mph when laying supply hose any kinks when someone whispers the magic word “stretch”. All Oncecross atloaded the forward hose beds spot, must come be properly to a complete “STRETCHED” stop, set before parking brake and place the apparatus into pump gear making entry into a structure. That’s why it’s called a stretch. Properly dismount the truck and set wheel chocks Taking the time to do the proper stretch will save you 10 x’s the Approach the rear supply hose bed and while walking forward, make your stretch amount time by not making a proper stretch. until you hear the next coupling fall from the supply hose bed

Break the coupling at the rear hose bed

Throw the unused supply hose coupling into the rear hose bed over the top bar

Make the supply hose connection into the proper FOGintake Tip: valve 1” SMOOTH BORE:

Open the air bleeder Target Flow: 200 gpm Target Flow: 210 gpm Move as much hose off of the roadway as possible before charging. Try to prevent as many kinks as possible Nozzle Pressure: 75 psi Nozzle Pressure: 50 psi Coordinate with the firefighter the opening of the hydrant. This can be done with an obvious hand signal or over a portable radio Place yourself in a safe position while the supply line is being charged

Once the supplySM-30 line LP Breakis charged Apart and Nozzle bled of air, close the air bleeder and fully open the intake valve Remove any kinks in the hose Nozzles - the nozzle used in the cross lays are SM-30 LP – Automatic flow, break apart nozzles with Continueflows from the 150 pumping to 200 gpm operation depending as onspecified the configuration by your company and nozzle officer pressure used. Crew check off sheet

When used as a fog nozzle, the nozzle will deliver 200 gpm when it is pumped at a nozzle pressure of 75 psi. Lower nozzle pressures will result in lower gpm flows. The nozzle can also be broken apart and used as a smooth bore nozzle (excellent for CAF’s application). Like the high rise nozzle, when separated, the shut-off portion of the nozzle has a 1” smooth nozzle that will deliver 200+ gpm at a nozzle pressure of 50 psi.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.3 – Engine Company Cross lay hosebed configuration and evolutions - Page 2 of 4

Triple layer hose deployment

The triple layer load is the standard 1-3/4" pre-connect on all Clay

Fire Apparatus. The standard length of the pre-connect on all frontline engine apparatus is 200' of Ponn Conquest hose. The triple layer load has its advantages and disadvantages compared to other hose loads. As with any hose load, training and practice are the keys to a quick and efficient deployment.

The basic principle of the triple layer is the entire length of the hose is divided and stacked into thirds. This allows the line to be completely deployed from the hose bed in 1/3 of its total length, approximately 66 feet. The hose line can be charged almost Triple Load immediately after stretching, with minimal kinks. The three layers of the hose load form an "S" with only two bends, one at the apparatus, and one at the nozzle.

DO NOT charge the line until:

 The line is pulled completely from the hose bed.  The loop that has been inserted into the nozzle bail has been removed

Place the nozzle over the Charging the line before these two things happen will result in shoulder that will be facing the kinks so tight that the line will need to be shut down, bled and fire building while stretching drained before continuing with the evolution. If this happens in the field, it is faster to pull the 2nd cross lay than taking the time to bleed the hose and make the necessary adjustments.

Dealing with obstacles - The triple layer load can be easily hung up, when advancing around obstacles. It also can be difficult to deploy when there is minimal room along the side of the apparatus, such as up against a fence, or in an ally. It may be better to deploy the line from the opposite side of the apparatus. Alternatively the line can be stretched parallel to the apparatus Separate the 3 layers of hose and then advance to the fire occupancy. When doing this the before charging the line nozzle firefighter should separate the nozzle and the fold from the bail. The nozzle firefighter will take the nozzle, and a second firefighter or the engineer will take the fold and advance in a opposite direction.

Make sure the line has cleared the hose bed before charging 79

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.3 – Engine Company transverse hosebed configuration and evolutions - Page 3 of 4

Loading a Triple load - Cross lay hose bed

1. Remove the nozzle from the hose 2. Ensure all lengths are walked out of water 3. Walking the lines with a tool can help ensure all water is out of the hose 4. Reattach all lengths of hose 5. Divide the connected hose into thirds, forming an "S" aprox 66 feet long.

6. When loading the triple layer load, no more than two The first fold in the line as at the firefighters are required to ensure the hose is equally divided cross lay hose bed at the truck into thirds and the folds are in the proper location. 7. Ensure the hose is pushed down to the ground next to the pump panel. This point marks where one fold will go 8. The line is then adjusted into equal thirds with the second fold at the nozzle end

9. The line is then loaded into the hose bed as a single, 3 layer stack. Each stack loaded on top of another into the hose bed 10. Ensure any remaining air or water is removed for the hose line by breaking at the last coupling if necessary. 11. Attach the nozzle to the hose, and place the folds of hose The second fold is 66 ft. away

through the bail where the nozzle is located 12. Place the last layer of hose into the hosebed where it is easy

to deploy from either side of the truck. 13. Replace the hose bed cover

Keep the layers together while stacking the hose into the bed

Click on the graphic to play the Triple Load hose load video

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 6: Hand Lines 6.3 – Engine Company transverse hosebed configuration and evolutions - Page 4 of 4

Triple load Cross lay deployment - Nozzle position

Flat load Cross lay deployment Pass Fail Nozzle position Properly exit the cab of the truck after the parking brake has been set Proceed to cross lay hose bed, an remove the cover The firefighter will grab the nozzle with the fold through the bail, and begin to pull it off the apparatus Alternatively if the nozzle is on the opposite side of the rig the firefighter should pull hose out of the bed until they reach the nozzle Pull the load off enough so you can separate the nozzle from the fold going through the bail Place the nozzle over the shoulder that will be facing the fire building when making the stretch Place the fold on the opposite shoulder or elbow If the firefighter is making a stretch on a building with a long setback (over 65') nozzle and hose placement on either shoulder is correct Ensure the entire hose bed has cleared Make your stretch to your target area Do not dump all of the hose at the point of entry on a short stretch, stretch past the entry point and then come back to the target. Once at the target, flake out aprox 50 ft of hose in a manner that helps to advance the hose once charged Call for water once the hose is in the proper position Don your SCBA face piece and go on air Open the 1 ¾” line to ensure proper stream and gpm prior to making entry Flow water for 1 minute hitting various targets while maintaining control of the handline at all times

Click on the graphic to play the Triple load Cross lay deployment hose load video

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 7: Ground Ladders 7.0 – General Overview - Page 1 of 2

Ground ladders are routinely used in various ways at emergency incidents. Each ground ladder has its own advantages on the fire ground and these advantages will be covered with each individual ladder. All recruit firefighters must demonstrate minimum competencies on all of the ground ladders carried and operated by the department.

Engine companies carry 2 standard ground ladders, the 14-16 foot straight ladder, and the 24/28 foot extension ladder. Ladder companies carry two sets of these ladders, plus two 35 foot extension ladders. 14 to 16 foot Straight Ladder

The 14 or 16 foot straight ladder is a very versatile, 1 person ladder, that is primarily used for laddering the roof of a single story structure or as a secondary means of egress through a 2nd story window or balcony.

The ladder is also equipped with 2 hooks on the tip of the ladder that are used when vertically ventilating a high pitched roof.

The ladders wide rung span and its heavy base makes it a very stable ladder when it is used to carry equipment and charged hose lines to above grade locations.

24 - 28 foot - 2 Section Extension Ladder

The 24 foot extension ladder requires 2 people to set up and extend. It is primarily used to ladder the roof of a 2 story structure, or an upper window or balcony on a multi-story structure. The 24 foot extension ladder allows 2 people to climb it at once; 1 person per section of the ladder.

35 foot - 3 Section Extension Ladder

Clay Fire uses a 3 section - 35 foot extension ladder that is very heavy (190 lbs). This ladder requires 3 people to set up and extend. It is primarily used to ladder the roof of a 3 story structure, or an upper window or balcony on a multi-story structure. The 35 foot extension ladder also allows 2 people to climb it at once.

Once in place with the dogs locked, both extension ladders are very stable and will allow firefighters the security of carrying tools and heavy equipment to above grade locations. 83

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 7: Ground Ladders 7.0 – General Overview - Page 2 of 2

Extension Ladder Components

Tip of the ladder

“Fly” - Upper section of ladder

Beams or Rails

Halyard rope – Extends the fly section

“Dogs” – Lock the Fly section in place

Rungs

Butt of the ladder

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 7: Ground Ladders 7.1 – 16 foot Straight Ladder - Page 1 of 2

16 Foot Ladder Overview: • The proper equipment to be worn when drilling with ladders is full protective equipment, minus wearing your SCBA. This includes full bunker gear, gloves and a properly secured helmet. • Recruits will have all final evaluations performed in full protective gear, including their SCBA donned. • When drilling with ladders, the ladders should be placed at least 20 feet away from the drill wall, properly positioned on its side, resting on the bottom beam of the ladder.

TASK OVERVIEW: This evolution will require:  1 firefighter Click inside the graphic  14 or 16 ft. 1 section ground ladder to view the skills video  An appropriate Training Building, Fire Station or a (permission for deploying a 16 ft. granted) off site training location ground ladder.  Full set of turnouts w/gloves on at all times

KEY POINTS:  Use the proper area and ladders to conduct the drill  Instructors should watch for proper PPE, technique and safe deployment methods  Gloves must be worn at all times whenever touching a ladder  When using a hard surface to drill on (concrete, etc.) the ladder MUST be properly butted at the base WHENEVER any person is on the ladder

Once the ladder deployment skills are mastered, deploy the ladder off of the apparatus that it is stored and used on several times. This will give you the opportunity to figure out the best, safest way to deploy the ladder off of the apparatus in a real life setting.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 7: Ground Ladders 7.1 – 16 foot Straight Ladder - Page 2 of 2

14 - 16 ft. Straight Ladder Pass Fail Evaluation Sheet Addressed ladder on the ground butt to butt at the ladders balance point Using the left hand, properly lift the ladder to place the top beam of the ladder on the right shoulder at the proper balance point Support the ladder with one hand on a rung, while the other hand supports the bottom beam of the ladder. Walk the ladder to your target with the butt of the ladder forward, pointed down slightly while checking for any overhead obstructions. When at target area, stop walking forward, turn to right at a 90 degree angle to the building, drop the ladder to the right knee, grasp 2 rungs of the ladder with one rung in- between, and raise the ladder over head while maintaining a 90 degree angle to the building. Once the ladder has been raised completely over-head, turn towards the building facing forward and walk the ladder to the base of the building. Place the butt of the ladder into the base of the building and walk the ladder into the building using the rungs until the ladder is flat and vertical to the building's surface. Once vertical against the building, grasp the beams of the ladder, or 2 rungs of the ladder with a rung in-between, walks the butt of the ladder away from the building, while maintaining tip pressure on the wall, until the proper climbing angle is achieved. Once at the proper climbing angle, check the placement of the ladder by standing on the bottom rung of the ladder and placing your hands on a rung at shoulder height. Once the proper climbing angle has been verified, place the ladder back into a ready state. Grasping both beams, or 2 rungs of the ladder with a rung in-between, and walk the butt of the ladder into the building while maintaining tip pressure on the wall. Butts the ladder into the base of the building, using the hand over hand method to descend the ladder, while the butt of the ladder remains against the building until arriving at the ladder's balance point. Once at the proper rung space, swings right shoulder into the rung space while left hand pushes the base of the ladder away from the wall. Carry the ladder back to the deployment area with the top beam on right shoulder, with one hand supporting the bottom beam and the other one hand supporting a rung with the tip forward, slightly lowered.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 7: Ground Ladders 7.2 – 24-28 foot Extension Ladder - Page 1 of 3

24- 28 foot extension ladder

OBJECTIVES and OVERVIEW: Deploy, set up and operate safely on the 24-28 ft. 2 section ground ladder. This skill requires 2 people to accomplish. One person will be responsible for the tip of the ladder and the other is responsible for the butt of the ladder. The butt person is primarily responsible for the smooth deployment of the ladder and the tip person is responsible for the final placement of the ladder (on a wall, a roof line or in window) and insuring a proper climbing angle for the situation present before ascending up the ladder. Click inside the graphic MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT NEEDED: to view the skills video for deploying a 24-28 ft.  2 firefighters ground ladder.  24 or 28 ft. 2 section ground ladder  An appropriate Training Building, Fire Station or a (permission granted) off site training location  Full set of turnouts w/gloves on at all times  SCBA for final evaluations

KEY SAFETY/DEPLOYMENT/TEACHING POINTS:  Provide the members/students with the proper area and ladders to conduct the drill  Instructors should watch for proper PPE, technique and safe deployment methods  NO hands on the rungs from when the ladder is in the vertical position until the ladder is in place in/on the target  Do not tie off the halyard until the ladder is in its final, safe resting position  Gloves must be worn at all times whenever touching a ladder  2 people are required for this task. This requires good communications at all times between both of the team members  The butt person is primarily in charge of the entire deployment evolution  When using a hard surface to drill on (concrete, ect.) the ladder MUST be properly butted at the base WHENEVER any person is on the ladder

Once the ladder deployment skills are mastered by the students, deploy the ladder off of the apparatus that it is stored and used on several times. This will give you the opportunity to figure out the best, safest way to deploy the ladder off of the apparatus in a real life setting. 87

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 7: Ground Ladders 7.2 – 24-28 Extension Ladder - Page 2 of 3

24 - 28 ft. 2 section Extension Ladder Pass Fail Butt Person Check Off Sheet Addressed ladder on the ground butt to butt Halyard away (other side) than the FF's Verbalized to the tip person if they were "ready to lift", the tip person acknowledged before lifting Ordered the ladder to be lifted - "lift the ladder" Using the left hand, properly lift the ladder to place the top beam of the ladder on the right shoulder between the 1st and 2nd rung of the ladder Properly transport the ladder butt first to the target area with one hand on the rungs and the other supporting the bottom beam of the ladder While checking for overhead obstructions, the butt person selects the proper placement of the butt of the ladder Placed the butt of the ladder (both beams) on the ground insuring that the halyard is on the building side of the ladder Verbalize to the tip person "hoist the ladder" Positioned both feet on the bottom rung and placed hands on the 3rd-4th rung(s) and assisted the tip person with the hoist Once the ladder is in the vertical position, placed right foot, hip and shoulder on the beam of the ladder and grasped the halyard with both hands Verbalized to the tip person that you're "ready to raise the ladder", the tip person acknowledged before raising the ladder Raise the ladder with hand over hand method while not locking the dogs until the proper height was achieved Properly lock the dogs so the ladder is in a stable position Verbalize to the tip person "ready to lower the ladder into position", the tip person acknowledged before lowering the ladder Properly lower and control the ladder into position with the proper foot and hand placement (feet apart shuffling backward with both hands spanning the beams!) while listening to tip person's countdown Assist the tip person with the final placement of the ladder using proper foot and hand placement (both FF's positioned on the side of the ladder, one hand on a rung, one hand on a beam) Wait for tip person to assure the proper position and climbing angle of the ladder Ties off the halyard (if necessary) Properly ascends and operates on the ladder (1 person per section ONLY). Properly descends the ladder Using the reverse procedure, properly bed the ladder and place it back into a ready state

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 7: Ground Ladders 7.2 – 24-28 Extension Ladder - Page 3 of 3

24 - 28 ft. 2 section Extension Ladder Pass Fail Tip Person Check Off Sheet Addressed ladder on the ground butt to butt Halyard away (other side) than the FF's Acknowledges to the butt person when they were "ready to lift" Using the left hand, properly lift the ladder to place the top beam of the ladder on the right shoulder between the 1st and 2nd rung of the ladder Properly transport the ladder butt first to the target area with one hand on a rung and the other hand supporting the bottom beam Insured that the halyard is on the building side of the ladder Waited for the butt person to verbalize "hoist the ladder" before hoisting Used the proper hand placement on the rungs to stabile the ladder when hoisting to a vertical position Once the ladder is in the vertical position, placed themselves in the proper raising position (feet apart, away from the ladder with both hands spanning and supporting the beams). Verbalized to the butt person that they were "ready to raise the ladder" when asked Properly maintain ladder stabilization during the raise Verbalized to the butt person they were "ready to lower the ladder into position", Properly lower and control the ladder into position with the proper foot and hand placement (one foot on the bottom rung with other foot in a stable position with both hands spanning the beams) while providing a countdown to the target to the butt person..."4, 3, 2, 1, contact". Assist the butt person with the final placement of the ladder using the proper foot and hand placement (both FF's positioned on the sides of the ladder, one hand on a rung, one hand on a beam) Notifies the evaluator of the proper position and climbing angle of the ladder Properly ascends and operates on the ladder (1 person per section ONLY). Properly descends the ladder Using the reverse procedure, properly bed the ladder and place it back into a ready state

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 7: Ground Ladders 7.3 – 35 foot Extension Ladder - Page 1 of 4

35 foot Extension Ladder

OBJECTIVES and OVERVIEW: Deploy, set up and operate safely on the 35 ft. 2 or 3 section ground ladder. This skill requires 3 people to accomplish. Two people will be responsible for the tip of the ladder and the 3rd person is responsible for the butt of the ladder. The butt person is primarily responsible for the smooth deployment of the ladder and the tip people are responsible for the final placement of the ladder (on a wall, a roof line or in window) and insuring a proper climbing angle for the situation present before ascending up the ladder. Click inside the graphic to view the skills video MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT NEEDED: for deploying a 35 ft.  3 firefighters ground ladder.  35 ft. 2 or 3 section ground ladder

 An appropriate Training Building, Fire Station or a (permission granted) off site training location  Full set of turnouts w/gloves on at all times  SCBA for final evaluations

KEY SAFETY/DEPLOYMENT/TEACHING POINTS:  Provide the members/students with the proper area and ladders to conduct the drill  Instructors should watch for proper PPE, technique and safe deployment methods  NO hands on the rungs from when the ladder is in the vertical position until the ladder is in place in/on the target  Do not tie off the halyard until the ladder is in its final, safe resting position  Gloves must be worn at all times whenever touching a ladder  3 people are required for this task. This requires good communications at all times between all of the team members  The butt person is primarily in charge of the entire deployment evolution  When using a hard surface to drill on (concrete, etc.) the ladder MUST be properly butted at the base WHENEVER any person is on the ladder

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 7: Ground Ladders 7.3 – 35 ft Extension Ladder - Page 2 of 4

35 ft. 3 section Extension Ladder Pass Fail Butt Person Check Off Sheet Address the ladder lying flat on the ground on the butt end of the ladder Verbalized to the #2 tip person if they are "ready to flip the ladder onto its beam", the tip person will acknowledged before flipping Ordered the ladder to be flipped, flip the ladder so that the halyard will be placed towards the #1 tip person when on its beam Once flipped on the appropriate beam, place yourself between the 2nd and 3rd rungs of the butt of the ladder on the halyard side, facing the butt of the ladder Place your right hand on the outside beam of the ladder. Once all 3 people are in position, give the order to “pick up the ladder” On command, properly pick up and transport the ladder butt first, in a suite case fashion, to the target area with good control of the ladder While checking for overhead obstructions, the butt person selects the proper placement of the butt of the ladder Place the butt of the ladder (both beams) on the ground insuring that the halyard is on the building side of the ladder Verbalize to the tip people "hoist the ladder" Positioned both feet on the bottom rung and placed hands on the 3rd-4th rung(s) and assisted the tip person with the hoist Once the ladder is in the vertical position, placed right foot, hip and shoulder on the beam of the ladder and grasped the halyard with both hands Verbalized to the tip person that you're "ready to raise the ladder", the tip people acknowledged before raising the ladder Raise the ladder with hand over hand method while not locking the dogs until the proper height was achieved Properly lock the dogs so the ladder is in a stable position Verbalize to the tip person "ready to lower the ladder into position", the tip person acknowledged before lowering the ladder Properly lower and control the ladder into position with the proper foot and hand placement (feet apart shuffling backward with both hands spanning the beams!) while listening to tip person's countdown Wait for tip person to assure the proper position and climbing angle of the ladder Properly tie off the halyard Properly ascends and operates on the ladder (1 person per section ONLY). Properly descends the ladder Using the reverse procedure, properly bed the ladder and place it back into a ready state

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 7: Ground Ladders 7.3 – 35 ft Extension Ladder - Page 3 of 4

35 ft. 3 section Extension Ladder Pass Fail Tip Person #1 Check Off Sheet Addressed ladder on the ground in the middle of the ladder Once the butt and #2 tip have flipped the ladder onto its appropriate beam, position yourself in the middle of the ladder on the halyard side with your right hand on the outside beam of the ladder while facing the butt of the ladder Acknowledges to the butt person when you are "ready to lift" On command, properly pick up and transport the ladder butt first, in a suite case fashion, to the target area with good control of the ladder Once at the raising location, waited for the butt person to place the butt of the ladder Once the butt is placed on the ground, reposition yourself to the left side of the tip of the ladder next to the #2 tip person Both tip people will coordinate hoisting the ladder by pushing the ladder up over their heads as they walk towards the butt person. The hand positions for the tip people will be the inside hands on the rungs and their outside hand will slide up the beams. Once the ladder is in the vertical position, The number one position will span both beams with their hands and place both feet back away from the fly section in a staggered position. When all three persons are in the place, the butt person will ask the team if the ladder is stable and if they’re ready to raise the ladder. Verbalized to the butt person that you are "ready to raise the ladder" when asked Properly maintain ladder stabilization during the raise Once fully extended and locked, the number one tip person places their right foot on the bottom rung, the left hand spanning the beam, with the right hand on a rung. Verbalized to the butt person they were "ready to lower the ladder into position", Properly lower and control the ladder into position with the proper foot and hand placement (one foot on the bottom rung with other foot in a stable position with both hands spanning the beams) while providing a countdown to the target to the butt person..."4, 3, 2, 1, contact". Assist the butt person with the final placement of the ladder using the proper foot and hand placement (both FF's positioned on the sides of the ladder, one hand on a rung, one hand on a beam) Notifies the evaluator of the proper position and climbing angle of the ladder Properly ascends and operates on the ladder (1 person per section ONLY). Properly descends the ladder Using the reverse procedure, properly bed the ladder and place it back into a ready state

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 7: Ground Ladders 7.3 – 35 ft Extension Ladder - Page 4 of 4

35 ft. 3 section Extension Ladder Pass Fail Tip Person #2 Check Off Sheet Address the ladder lying flat on the ground on the butt end of the ladder Verbalized to the butt person when you are "ready to flip the ladder onto its beam" Once ordered, flip the ladder so that the halyard will be placed towards the #1 tip person when on its beam Once flipped on the appropriate beam, place yourself between the 2nd and 3rd rungs of the tip of the ladder on the halyard side, facing the butt of the ladder Place your right hand on the outside beam of the ladder On command, properly pick up and transport the ladder butt first, in a suite case fashion, to the target area with good control of the ladder Once the butt is placed on the ground at the target area, reposition yourself to the right side of the tip of the ladder next to the #1 tip person Both tip people will coordinate raising the ladder by pushing the ladder up over their heads as they walk towards the butt person. The hand positions for the tip people will be the inside hands on the rungs and their outside hand will slide up the beams. Once the ladder is in the vertical position, the number two tip person will move to the right and position their right foot against the beam and both hands spanning the beam, right hand down and left hand up over your head facing the butt person When all three persons are in the place, the butt person will ask the team if the ladder is stable and if they’re ready to raise the ladder. Verbalized to the butt person that you are "ready to raise the ladder" when asked Properly maintain ladder stabilization during the raise Once fully extended and locked, the number two person will rotate to take the position next to the other tip person and place their left foot on the bottom rung, with their left hand on a rung, and their right hand spanning the beam. Verbalized to the butt person they are "ready to lower the ladder into position", Once fully extended and locked, the number one tip person will advise the butt person the distance to the wall counting backwards. To adjust the climbing angle of the ladder, both tip people will stand on opposites sides of the ladder. The inside hand will grasp a rung and the outside hand will span the beams. One person will look down, the other up. Then, move the bottom of the ladder to its appropriate angle. After the halyard is tied off, notifies the evaluator of the proper position and climbing angle of the ladder Properly ascends and operates on the ladder (1 person per section ONLY). Properly descends the ladder Using the reverse procedure, properly bed the ladder and place it back into a ready state

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 7: Ground Ladders 7.4 – Tying off a Halyard rope - Page 1 of 1

Tying off a Halyard Pass Fail Check off sheet Place the halyard tail in your left hand Make a small bight at the end of the tail with your left hand Place the bight under and over the rung you are using to tie the halyard Once the bight is in place, take it with your right hand and pull all of the slack out of the tail Bunch up the rope in the middle of the rung with your left hand. Once bunched, use your right hand to keep tension on the rope directly against the rung Feed the tail through the palm of your left hand. Once at the end of the tail, make a small bight, holding it in the palm of your left hand, while maintaining tension on the rope at the rung with your right hand Take the bight with your left hand and slide it under the rung on the left side of the rope Grab the bight with your right middle finger. Once your finger is holding the bight, switch your left hand to keeping tension on the rung rope while your right hand pulls the tail through the hole you just made Once the tail has been pulled tight using both hands, you can release tension on the rung knot Once this initial knot is formed, grasp the tail in your right hand and make another small bight Take this bight and place it behind the rope from the right side Once around the rung rope, take the bight with your left hand and place it in the hole you just created Once in the hole, use your right hand to pull the tail through the hole until tight The final placement of the halyard knot needs to be in the center of the rung Any extra halyard slack should be neatly bundled at the base of the ladder

Click inside the graphic to view the skills video for tying

off a halyard rope.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.0 – General Overview

A tool is considered a "power tool" when the tool requires a gas powered engine to operate it in some way. Every member must have a competent working knowledge with each power tool's general mechanics, maintenance and operation.

The 5 power tools covered in this manual are:

 Cutters Edge chain saw  K-12 Fire/Rescue circular saw  Tempest fan  Honda gen light  Hurst tool power plant and rescue tools

Clay Fire uses these power tools to support fire and rescue operations. Each power tool has a specific purpose and use. Most of these uses on the emergency scene are critical to providing some type of support, or the operation of the tool will have a direct impact on human lives. Therefore, the daily morning checks and the required maintenance for these devises become critical because power tools rely on complex engine, electrical, and/or hydraulic systems to power themselves.

All power tools on each apparatus must be checked and placed in a ready state during the morning check on a daily basis. All power tools must also be inspected and placed in a ready state after each use throughout the shift.

There are two (2) different types of gas engines used in Clay Fire’s power tools:

 2 cycle engine  4 cycle engine

Both saws have 2 cycle engines that require a specially blended 2 cycle fuel in order for the engine to properly lubricate itself. All Clay Fire 2 cycle fuel comes premixed from the apparatus shop. ONLY use the fuel can marked "50 to 1" to re-fuel both saws. Never mix your own two cycle fuel blend. Only use the two cycle fuel provided by the shop.

All other front line power tools are 4 cycle engines that use a high octane unleaded fuel (premium).

50 to 1

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.1 – Cutters Edge Chain Saw - Page 1 of 5

Clay Fire has several different types of chain saws in their inventory. All future chains saws purchased by Clay will be Cutters Edge saws. This manual will cover only the Cutters Edge chain saw, but many of the same principles apply to all chain saws. Basic saw overview:

 General specs - Weight – approx. 22 lbs with a bar and chain attached, 20 inch cutting bar, 5.6 Horsepower two-cycle engine, max engine speed - 12,500 RPM, fuel type: 50 to 1 petroleum base two- cycle oil mix with premium fuel.  BULLET Chain - Cuts faster, lasts longer, and cuts a large variety of materials. It’s the only chain engineered and built specifically for Fire and Rescue cutting.  Chain Bar Guard/Depth Gauge - Protects operator from the chain and allows the depth of cut to be set so no structural members are cut. Tool-less design allows fast and easy adjustments and removal in seconds, even with gloves on.  Top Ported Muffler - Combined with unique shape of the Chain Brake Assembly and a Guard Deflector Plate that channels the exhaust flow into a pressurized stream of air that moves the heat and smoke released from the ventilation cut away from the saw and operator.  Large Chain Oil Tank - A large capacity oil tank is calibrated so the engine will run out of fuel before running out of chain oil to prevent the possibility of running the chain without proper lubrication.  One-Step Starting - Includes a momentary contact switch and combined choke throttle lock for one simple step to start the saw.  Momentary Contact On/Off Switch - Momentary On/Off switch always in the “On” position for reliable, one-step starting and to reduce the possibility of flooding..  Full-Wrap Around Handle - Assures safe operation of the saw in any position and acts as a chain catch to protect operator.  Compression Release - Reduces starting resistance by over 40% for easier starts.  External Four-Stage Air Filter - Externally mounted air filter for unrestricted airflow allows the saw to run much longer than most other saws in hot and smoke filled environments.  Chain Tension Adjustment - Side access adjustment screw makes chain adjustments fast and easy.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.1 – Cutters Edge Chain Saw - Page 2 of 5

General Use Guidelines - Chain saws are primarily used on the fire ground to cut through Class A roofing materials (wood and asphalt roof coverings) in order to provide vertical ventilation. Great caution must be used when cutting through any material using a chain saw because a high revving chain can be completely exposed (top and bottom) and any kickback with the saw could cause serious injury.

If a kickback should occur, the violent reverse action of the kickback will actuate the inertia chain brake (same principle as a car seatbelt) or drive the chain brake handle back into the operator’s hand, engaging the chain brake and stopping the movement of the chain. It becomes imperative that the user Properly holding the chain saw properly hold and operate the saw.

When operating the saw, the user must have one hand firmly placed around the wrap around handle, with the other hand firmly holding the throttle assembly handle. When cutting a roof, the chain guard/depth gauge should be in place and set to the proper depth. The chain guard/depth gauge greatly reduces the amount of chain that is exposed, reducing the exposure to the user and other crew members working around the saw.

Avoid using the saw above your head. The most effective position to operate the saw is below the chest line where the user has good visibility of what they're cutting and they can maintain good Properly using the chain saw control of the saw.

Fuel - The Cutters Edge saw uses a 5.6 horsepower, 2 cycle engine that requires a high octane gasoline mixed 50 to 1 with petroleum based 2 cycle oil. All two cycle fuel comes premixed from the apparatus shop. ONLY use the fuel can marked "50 to 1" to fuel the chain saw. Never mix your own two cycle fuel blend. Only use the two cycle fuel provided by the shop.

The fuel tank opening and cap are located on the left side of the saw. Place the saw on its right side to check the fuel level and refill it with fuel. Avoid over filling.

Chain and Bar Oil Tank - The chain and bar oil tank opening and cap is also located on the left side of the saw. Place the saw on its right side to check the oil level and refill it with oil. Avoid over filling. Fuel Oil Fill Only use the oil provided from the apparatus shop to refill the Fill Cutters Edge chain saw oil reserve.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.1 – Cutters Edge Chain Saw - Page 3 of 5

Chain Inspection and Maintenance - The Cutters Proper Chain Edge chain saw comes equipped with a Bullet chain. Rotation The bullet chain is a carbide-tipped chain saw chain designed specifically for cutting most materials Carbide encountered during a fire operation. It is not Tooth indestructible, it will incur breakage, and it will get dull through normal use. The chain is designed to allow chips of carbide to break away under normal use. If 6 Bullet or more cutters (or 3 cutters in a row) have 50% or more of the carbide missing, the chain should be replaced and repaired.

Insure that the chain has been installed correctly and the Bullets are rotating in the correct direction. This should be the Bullet rotating first followed by the carbide tooth.

Proper chain tension is a key factor in reducing carbide breakage and increasing guide bar life. Only check and adjust the chain tension of a COLD chain. NEVER adjust the tension on a HOT chain.

Proper chain tension is defined as: a cold chain as A cold chain with the proper tension tight as possible on the bar without restricting chain movement.

At the proper tension, the chain should move along the bar freely. You should feel only the resistance of the sprocket and clutch drum turning. If the chain does not move smoothly (catches or requires excessive force to move) it is too tight.

The proper tension should be checked near the midpoint of the chain along the bottom rails. When pulling down on the chain, you should be able to pull A cold chain that needs adjustment the chain away from the rails, to the distance where the point of the drive link is just barely clearing the rail and snaps back into place when you release it.

Adjusting the tension on a chain - retrieve the "Scrench" tool and slightly loosen the two Bar Mount Nuts. Use the Scrench tool to turn the tensioning adjustment screw to tighten or loosen the chain to its correct tension. Once at the correct tension, re-tighten the two Bar Mount Nuts.

Use the scrench tool to tighten the chain tension adjustment screw 99

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.1 – Cutters Edge Chain Saw - Page 4 of 5

Chain Brake

The chain brake is a very important safety component of a chain saw because there is always an inherent risk of having a kickback occur when cutting with a chain saw. If a kickback should occur, the reverse action of the kickback will actuate the chain brake, potentially preventing severe injury or death. It becomes imperative that the user properly check the function of the chain brake in the morning check.

The chain brake has three positions:

Forward Position (towards the bar of the saw) - chain brake To engage the chain brake engaged When engaged, the chain brake handle is in the fully Push the brake fully forward forward position. In this position the chain will not turn.

Full back position - to disengage the chain brake, pull the chain brake handle back completely to the saw’s top handle.

Center- operating position, chain brake disengaged. (Normal cutting position). During operation, the brake is in the neutral or center position. This allows the chain to turn freely.

Morning Chain Brake Check To disengage - pull brake all the  Once the saw has been properly warmed up, engage the way back to the handle chain brake to the forward, locked position  When locked, rev up the chain saw several times ensuring the chain the doesn't move  Release the chain brake and rev up several times to ensure full chain movement  Once the saw has been shut off, store the saw with the chain brake fully forward in the locked position

Choke

When cold starting the saw, pulling out the choke knob automatically locks the throttle trigger and the carburetor into their optimum positions for starting. If you do not touch the throttle during starting, there is no possibility of flooding. Once the engine starts to catch after a few pulls, push the choke in and pull the start cord one time, the saw should start. Always store the saw with the choke knob pulled all of the way out, in the full choke position.

100

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.1 – Cutters Edge Chain Saw - Page 5 of 5

Daily Chain Saw Check Off Procedure

 Retrieve the saw from its riding compartment and place it in a well-ventilated area - outside if weather permits  Visually inspect the saw for cleanliness, clean or wipe off as necessary  Extend the starter pull cord fully and inspect for damage or fraying  Adjust the Chain Bar Guard/Depth Gauge to the fullest open position  Fully inspect the chain  Ensure the chain is rotating the correct direction  Inspect each bullet and tooth on the chain, replace if necessary  Check the chain tension and adjust if necessary **only adjust the tension on a cold chain  Check all working positions of the chain brake - leave the chain brake engaged when starting the saw  Start the saw with the saw placed flat on the ground  Ensure the chain brake is engaged  Depress the blue compression release button  Pull out the choke knob  Place your foot on top of the starter plate located below the throttle body assembly  Grasp the starter handle and pull sharply upward a few times until the engine catches  Push the choke in  Pull the starter handle again, the engine should start on the next full pulls  Let the saw run at fast idle for 5 to 10 seconds  Squeeze and release the throttle trigger to set the saw to idle  Let the saw warm up at an idle speed for 30 to 60 seconds  The user can let the saw idle on the ground while monitoring it, or the user can properly hold the saw in both hands during the warm up period  Once the saw has warmed up, properly hold the saw and slowly rev up the saw to full RPM two to three times  Check the proper operation of the chain brake  Check to see if the chain and bar are being properly oiled by revving the saws RPM up and pointing the tip of the bar approximately 4 to 6 inches from a light colored surface. The user should see oil droplets appear on the surface  At idle, shut off the saw by depressing the contact on/off switch  Once off, place the saw on its right side and check the 2 cycle fuel tank and the chain oil reservoir. Refill if necessary. Do NOT overfill  Once off and re-fueled, place the saw in a ready state  Engage the chain brake  Depress the blue compression release button  Fully pull out the choke  Adjust the Chain Bar Guard/Depth Gauge to its ready state position  Place the saw in its riding position in the proper compartment Click on the graphic to launch the Cutters Edge morning check off video

101

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.2 – K-12 Circular Saw - Page 1 of 5

Clay Fire has several different types of Circular saws in their inventory. . All future circular saws purchased by Clay will be K-12 Fire- Rescue saws. This manual will cover only the K-12 circular saw, but many of the same principles apply to all circular saws. Basic saw overview:

 General specs: 95cc, 6-horsepower, 2 cycle engine, weight 22.7 pounds, max RPM 12,500, fuel type: 50 to 1 petroleum base two-cycle oil mix with premium fuel.  Large "D" starter pull handle for easy starting (fits all firefighter gloves)  Large "D" rings for sling attachments with heavy duty saw carrying sling  14 inch cutting blade capacity  Enclosed transmission and drive belt housing assembly  Decompression valve - reduces the force necessary to pull start the saw by 50%  Advanced Active Air Filtration that helps the saw run in heat and smoke  Ready Start Ignition Switch that simplifies stopping procedure and resets for subsequent starts

Saw Components

1. Cylinder cover 2. Muffler 3. Fuel Tank 4. Starter throttle catch 5. Choke 6. Throttle trigger lockout 7. Stop switch 8. Cutting head 9. Cutting arm 10. Belt tensioning screw 11. Cutting blade 12. Throttle control 13. Combination spanner 14. Air filter cover 15. Blade guard 16. Starter handle 17. Ops manual 18. Blade guard handle 19. Front handle 20. Starter 21. Decompression valve

102

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.2 – K-12 Circular Saw - Page 2 of 5

General Use Guidelines - Circular saws are a very versatile saw because they can be outfitted with many different blade types that can be used to cut almost any material that the situation presents. With the right cutting blade installed, the saw can be used for:

 Ventilation: Commercial, industrial, peaked roofs, and flat roofs all covered with a variety of roofing materials.  Forcible entry: Security bars, roll up doors, fireproof doors, reinforced doors and windows, chains and locks, etc.  Heavy rescue: Building collapse, industrial accidents, natural disasters, recoveries, and more.  Vehicle extrication: Aircraft, buses, tractor-trailers, passenger cars, auto fires, farm and Industrial accidents, etc.

Kickback can occur using the K-12 causing a very hazardous situation. To avoid kickback and serious injury, use the following guidelines when operating a circular saw:

 Always use a high speed blade Properly holding the circular saw  Always use the correct blade for the material you're cutting  When operating the saw, the user must have one hand firmly placed around the front handle, with the other hand firmly holding the throttle assembly handle  Always have the blade guard in place and adjusted to the correct angle to assist you with your cut  Always avoid using the saw above your head. The most effective position to operate the saw is below the chest line  Start your cut in such a way that you can predict what will happen after the cut is complete  Always cut at full throttle  Start your cut gently, do not force or squeeze the blade in  Move the blade slowly while controlling your throttle and blade RPM  Only use the blade’s cutting edge when cutting  Always try to cut with the blade fully vertical  Make your cuts using only the bottom half of the blade  This may require the user to "tilt" the saw down so the bottom of the blade is available to cut with

Fuel - The K-12 rescue saw uses a 6 horsepower, 2 cycle engine that requires a high octane gasoline mixed 50 to 1 with a petroleum based 2 cycle oil. All two cycle fuel comes premixed from the apparatus shop. Properly using the circular saw ONLY use the fuel can marked "50 to 1" to fuel the circular saw.

The fuel tank opening and cap are located on the left side of the saw. Place the saw on its right side to check the fuel level and refill it with fuel. 103 Avoid over filling.

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.2 – K-12 Circular Saw - Page 3 of 5

Saw blade types and general use - There a several different saw blade types. Most saw blades are designed for a specific material to cut. Here are the major materials categories that saw blades are designed to cut:

Wood cutting carbide tip blades - can have several carbide tips per inch of the saw blade. Carbide tips should be inspected every shift for wear and the blade should be replace and repaired if 6 or more tips (or 3 tips in a row) have 50% or more of the carbide missing, or the tips appeared to be worn or rounded.

All wood blades rotate in one cutting direction and must be installed so Wood cutting carbide tip blade the blade rotates the correct way. The rotation direction should be clearly marked on the blade.

Fibrous/composite metal and concrete blades - can look very similar to each other and both should be marked appropriately once they are removed from their packaging. Avoid exposing composite blades to petroleum products. Petroleum will breakdown and erode the blade prematurely, making it unsafe to cut with.

Most fibrous/composite saw blades can be installed and cut in either direction. As cuts are made, the blade will erode away at a rate that is based on the material being cut and its thickness. All blades start out as 14 inches, during the cut the blade will erode, when the blade has eroded to less than 8 to 6 inches, it should be replaced. Crews should be prepared with the proper tools and plenty of blades to quickly turn the saw around if the situation calls for it. A used blade with less than 80% of the blade remaining should be replaced. Fibrous/composite metal and Multi-purpose cutting blades - generally these are carbide tipped concrete blades blades that can cut many different materials. While these blades will cut a variety of materials satisfactory, they never cut as well as a blade that was designed for that specific material. They also tend to be heavier blades that steal horsepower away from the saw and their use should be avoided. Always use a blade specifically designed for the material you're cutting if possible.

Storing the saw with the correct saw blade - A circular saw carried on an Engine company should be equipped with a metal blade because it will most likely be used to perform forcible entry or vehicle extrication.

Truck companies carry two circular saws. One saw should have a metal Multi-purpose cutting blade blade installed and the other should be a wood blade used for vertical ventilation.

104

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.2 – K-12 Circular Saw - Page 4 of 5

Changing a circular saw blade

Carbide tips should be inspected every shift for wear and the blade should be replace and repaired if 6 or more tips (or 3 tips in a row) have 50% or more of the carbide missing, or the tips appeared to be worn or rounded.

Most fibrous/composite saw blades can be installed and cut in either direction. A used blade with less than 80% of the blade remaining should be replaced.

Use the following procedure to change out a blade on the circular saw:

 Adjust the blade guard in the best position to expose the flange nut  Use the combination spanner to remove the flange hub nut  Once the nut is removed, remove the flange hub  Remove the blade you're replacing  Install the new blade on the back of the other flange hub  Ensure the blade is installed so it is rotating in the correct direction  Replace the other flange hub properly over the blade  Properly replace the flange hub nut and tighten firmly  Start the saw after the blade has been installed to insure its smooth operation

Changing out a K-12 circular saw blade is reviewed in the daily check-off procedure video.

105

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.2 – K-12 Circular Saw - Page 5 of 5

Daily Circular Saw Check Off Procedure

 Retrieve the saw from its riding compartment and place it in a well-ventilated area - outside if weather permits  Visually inspect the saw for cleanliness, clean or wipe off as necessary  Inspect the cylinder cooling fins for any debris or carbon buildup. If there is a large buildup, send the saw in for PM  Extend the starter pull cord fully and inspect for damage or fraying  Check the position of the adjusting/retaining nut located on the front of the belt drive arm. The bottom end of the nut should fall between the two hash marks. If it doesn't, send the saw in for PM  Fully inspect the blade  Ensure the blade is rotating the correct direction  Inspect each carbide tip on the wood cutting blade, replace if necessary  Replace any Fibrous/composite metal and concrete blades with over 20% wear  Check the tension of the drive belt by placing your finger through the hole in the drive belt cover  The belt should have less than a 1/4 inch of play. If too loose, send the saw in for service  Start the saw with the saw placed flat on the ground  Depress the blue compression release button  Pull out the choke knob  Press in the throttle control and thereafter the starter throttle catch. Release the throttle control and the throttle is blocked in half throttle position. The catch is released when the throttle control is pressed in all the way  Place your foot on top of the starter plate located below the throttle body assembly  Grasp the starter handle and pull sharply upward a few times until the engine catches  Push the choke in  Pull the starter handle again, the engine should start on the next full pulls  Let the saw run at fast idle for 5 to 10 seconds  Squeeze and release the throttle trigger to set the saw to idle  Let the saw warm up at an idle speed for 30 to 60 seconds  The user can let the saw idle on the ground while monitoring it, or the user can properly hold the saw in both hands during the warm up period  Once the saw has warmed up, properly hold the saw and slowly rev up the saw to its full RPM two to three times  At full RPM, ensure the blade is properly rotating and verify there is no unusual saw or blade vibration  At idle, shut off the saw by depressing the contact on/off switch  The blade may continue to spin once the saw is shut off for a long time. To stop the blade from spinning, gently make contact with an appropriate surface to stop the blade  Once off, check the 2 cycle fuel tank. Refill if necessary. Do NOT overfill  Once refueled, place the saw in a ready state  Depress the blue compression release button  Fully pull out the choke  Place the saw in its riding position in the proper compartment

Click on the graphic to launch the circular saw morning check off video

106

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.3 – Tempest Ventilation Fan - Page 1 of 2

General Use Guidelines - Gas powered fans are primarily used on the fire ground to provide positive pressure ventilation (PPV).

Like any form of ventilation performed on the fire ground, the placement and use of fans around the Incident site must be a highly coordinated activity based on the current critical factors of the event.

Again, do not start a fan unless it has been coordinated by the IC or the division's tactical level boss. Fans should not be used while the operation is trying to control any concealed space fires until the fire is controlled.

Fans should also NOT be used in offensive situations where the location of the fire is unknown.

Fans are very loud and will drown out any nearby radio traffic. Avoid operating fans around areas that will generate any critical radio traffic.

Fans should be place 8 to 10 feet away from the opening you’re ventilating and then the fans angle should be adjusted so the fans air pressure fully covers the horizontal opening.

Once the building has been pressurized, open or manipulate other horizontal openings throughout the structure to direct the smoke as required.

Fuel - All Tempest fans use Honda 4 cycle gas powered engines with different horse power depending on the fan size. Only use premium unleaded fuel when refueling a fan.

The fuel tank opening and cap are located on the top of the fan. When refueling an adjustable fan, place the fan in its most extreme angle before refueling. This will prevent a full tank from overflowing when the fan is tilted in the field. Always avoid over filling any fuel tank.

107

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.3 – Tempest Ventilation Fan - Page 2 of 2

Daily Fan Check Off Procedure

 Retrieve the fan from its riding compartment and place it in a well-ventilated area - outside if weather permits  Visually inspect the fan for cleanliness, clean or wipe off as necessary  Extend the starter pull cord fully and inspect for damage or fraying  Fully inspect the fan blades for any damage  Start the fan with the fan placed flat on the ground with its wheels in the locked position  Turn the kill switch to the "On" position  Engage the choke knob  Turn the fuel switch to its "On" position  Place the throttle in its idle position  Grasp the starter handle and pull sharply upward a few times until the engine catches  Push the choke in  Pull the starter handle again, the engine should start on the next full pulls  Once the fan has started, adjust the throttle to a medium speed and let the fan warm up for 30 to 60 seconds  Once the fan has warmed up, rev up the fan to its full RPM two to three times  At full RPM, ensure there is no unusual fan vibration  At idle, shut off the fan by switching the contact switch to the "Off" position  Once off, check the fuel tank. Adjust the fan to the proper angle before checking. Properly refill if necessary. Do NOT overfill  Once refueled, place the fan in a ready state  Place the throttle in the idle position  Place the choke in the "On" position  Shut "OFF" the fuel  Place the fan in its riding position in the proper compartment

Click on the graphic to launch the Tempest fan morning check off video

108

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 9: Power Tools 8.4 – Honda Gen Light - Page 1 of 2

General Use Guidelines - The Honda Gen Light is used to illuminate an area of the Incident scene. It is a very convenient light that is easy to set up and use.

Only use the light in a well-ventilated area. The light should not be used in the interior of the building because of the exhaust and CO issues.

The plastic housing surrounding the light is not fire rated and exposure to an external heat source should be avoided.

After the light has warmed up, use extreme caution around the back, exhaust area of the light. It gets extremely hot!

Fuel - All Honda Gen Lights use a Honda 4 cycle gas powered engine. Only use premium unleaded fuel when refueling the generator.

109

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.4 – Honda Gen Light - Page 1 of 2

Daily Gen Light Check Off Procedure

 Retrieve the light from its riding compartment and place it in a well-ventilated area - outside if weather

permits  Visually inspect the fan for cleanliness, clean or wipe off as necessary  Extend the light out of its stored position  Open the units side panel and check the units oil level and inspect the air filter. ONLY check and fill the unit with oil when it is flat on the ground. NEVER tilt the unit over to fill it with oil

 Once finished checking the oil level, replace the cover  Extend the starter pull cord fully and inspect for damage or fraying  Start the light on the ground in a flat position  Turn the kill switch to the "On" position  Engage the choke knob  The unit has an automatic throttle  Grasp the starter handle and pull sharply upward a few times until the engine catches  Push the choke in  Pull the starter handle again, the engine should start on the next full pulls  Once the generator has started, let it warm up for 30 to 60 seconds  Once the generator has warmed up, turn the light on by pressing the black button at the base of the light  You should hear the generator speed kick up when the light is turned on  If the unit shuts down after the light has been turned on, the unit has not been properly warmed up prior to the light being turned on  Let the unit run for at least 30 seconds with the light on  Shut the light off  Shut off the generator by moving the contact switch to the "Off" position  Once off, check the fuel tank. Properly refill if necessary. Do NOT overfill  Once refueled, place the fan in a ready state  Place the choke in the on position  Turn the on/off switch to the 'On" position  Let the fan cool for 5 minutes prior to placing the fan in its riding position in the proper compartment

Click on the graphic to launch the Gen Light morning check off video

110

Clay Fire Territory Task Manual Section 8: Power Tools 8.5 – Hydraulic Rescue Tools - Page 1 of

This Section Coming Soon

111