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A New Way of Infusing Entrepreneurship Education Into the IT Curricula: a Special Case from UAE

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A New Way of Infusing Entrepreneurship Education Into the IT Curricula: a Special Case from UAE International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 4, August 2016 A New Way of Infusing Entrepreneurship Education into the IT Curricula: A Special Case from UAE Emad Bataineh and Zakaria Maamar and problem solving, creative, and innovative skills and last Abstract—This research paper reports on the successful but not least entrepreneurial” [5]. To achieve this goal, experience of the College of Technological Innovation at Zayed universities’ educational programs (or curricula) need to University in introducing a new academic component ensure that ICT graduates are capable of tackling the 21st “entrepreneurship and innovation” to its IT curriculum. Since century challenges. A challenge is to produce a new the journey started in fall 2011, it has been full with challenges, successes, as well as lessons learned. The introduction of generation of female entrepreneurs who are equipped with entrepreneurship education stresses out the role that the the most advanced leadership skills and hence, can set-up college has to play in preparing students who will contribute new business ventures with high chance of success. positively to the future development of the United Arab In 1997, UAE has introduced “Emiratization” to increase Emirates (UAE). In UAE, there is a growing trend and interest the number of Emirati Nationals in the workforce, among the national female populations to start their own especially in the private sector. As a result, more UAE businesses after graduation. This clearly shows a new way of thinking among the new waves of graduates, which is deviating women entered the job market. Preparing women to be from the traditional thinking of pursuing careers in the entrepreneurs is another way of contributing and increasing government sector. This new path of ventures is not going to be their representation in the workforce. To support those are free of challenges and frustrations. The paper discusses in interested in starting up their own business ventures, UAE detail the course contents, learning outcomes, delivery modes, Businesswomen Council was established in 2002. Its main and last but not least, graded assessments. The paper also lists purpose is to provide the logistical and financial support to over fifteen government initiatives to instill and promote the culture of entrepreneurship and provide a conducive support get women stand on their feet in a highly competitive environment for UAE entrepreneurs. Finally, the paper business environment. proposes several recommendations to strengthen and make In a local study [6] influencing factors that impact first entrepreneurship education at ZU more robust. generation entrepreneurs were defined. Out of the graduates of UAE universities surveyed in the study, 50 percent Index Terms—IT curriculum, entrepreneurship education believe that education is a key success factor to be a and culture, business plan, and innovation. successful entrepreneur. Several international studies have shown the strong positive correlation between education and entrepreneurship. However, it has been argued that I. INTRODUCTION “traditional” education in general does not encourage In 2014, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Government entrepreneurship. It is kind of known in the academic declared 2015 “Year of Innovation” [1] and announced a community that “traditional” education prepare university new strategy that should help the country be one of the most students only for the corporate jobs [6], promotes a ‘take-a- innovative nations in the world within the next seven years job’ mindset rather than innovative and risk taker [2]. Innovation and creativity contribute greatly to the entrepreneurs [7], [8] and put less emphasis on creativity development of the entrepreneurship culture and spirit of and innovation. Higher education systems need to reorient any country. According to Global Innovation Index: UAE is their content and pedagogy to foster entrepreneurship. th ranked No 1 in MENA region and 36 in the world [3]. Therefore, entrepreneurial education needs to focus on Dubai is planning to invest Dh4.5 billion to make the knowledge of small business ownership and self- emirate innovation hub for entrepreneurs [4]. employment, as well as entrepreneurial skills and attributes, According to Majdalawieh et al., 2015, “The UAE which cannot be fostered through traditional teaching Government has promptly recognized the the Information methods. and Communication Technology (ICT) sector as a job The continuous review of the College of Technological creator and vital infrastructure for the growth of the Innovation (CTI)’s academic programs and assessment of country. The significant and rapid development of the UAE the market needs have resulted into identifying deficiencies economy in the last decade has also acknowledged the of the current IT curricula and the skill gab between the importance of the knowledge economy as another source of graduates and the skills needed by the job market in UAE. revenue. Both public and private organizations are In response to this, the college has identified “hunting” for ICT graduates equipped with critical thinking entrepreneurship as a key driver for economic development and therefore, put more emphasis on entrepreneurship education. As an immediate action plan, the college Manuscript received March 18, 2016; revised June 15, 2016. Emad Bataineh and Zakaria Maamar are with Zayed University, UAE. introduced a new course in IT entrepreneurial and (e-mail: [email protected]) Innovation in fall 2011. Since then the journey has been full with a lot of challenges, successes, as well as lessons doi: 10.18178/ijimt.2016.7.4.662 147 International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 4, August 2016 learned. The introduction of this new course is in line with to prepare and harness their entrepreneurial skills and talents. one of ZU’s strategic objectives (2017-2021) which states This paper focuses on how CTI/ZU provides future “to establish a cutting-edge educational environment that female entrepreneurs with all the proper entrepreneurship promotes creativity and innovation’’ and one of the core education and skills to help them overcome the first values of ZU that “is to provide innovation through challenge listed by the previous study, which is related to adoption and development of the highest global practices in lack of knowledge in entrepreneurship education. According teaching, learning and research. [9] This research paper to [14] the vital skills needed to be a successful and will report on the experience of integrating entrepreneurship effective entrepreneur: opportunity recognition, idea education component into the IT curricula at ZU. generation/creativity, risk taking, and critical thinking. The The paper is organized as follows. The first section paper is about ZU experience of introducing and teaching discusses the research motivation and related work. The Entrepreneurship to Information Technology (IT) senior second section presents and discusses the motivation and the female students. This paper includes various sections such importance of entrepreneurship education to the economic as topics covered in the course, graded assignments, growth of any country. The third section discusses ZU analyzed case-studies, conducted hands-on workshops, and experience with entrepreneurship education and also last but not least suggested students’ ideas converted into explains the course structure, content, learning outcomes, business plans. In addition to sharing our experience we are assessment and activities as well delivery formats. The open and keen to similar experiences that describe the best subsequent sections present the major initiative taken by practices in the how to develop and deliver a course in UAE government to foster and promote the culture of international entrepreneurship education. The course has entrepreneurship. The last section draws conclusions in been designed like a workshop whose ultimate aim would terms of summary, lessons learned, and recommendations. be for students to design, build their own IT products or services, develop a business plan then market and sell them. II. RELATED WORK AND MOTIVATION In the literature, there is a strong link between entrepreneurship and economic growth of any country. The link between entrepreneurship and economic growth is also demonstrated by the contribution of small firms in modern economies [10]. Acs claims that small firms play a major role in the economy, as they are agents of change through their entrepreneurial and innovative activities and thereby stimulating industry growth and creating new jobs. Audretsch also states, “Entrepreneurship has become the engine of economic and social development throughout the world” [11]. The education system plays a critical role in the economic advancement of nations. It is the primary developer of human resource Entrepreneurship in any economy. In UAE, Fig. 1. Images of Zayed University campuses at both Dubai and Abu Dhabi. there is a growing trend and interest among National female population to pursue and start their own businesses after graduation. This clearly shows a new way of thinking III. ZAYED UNIVERSITY OVERVIEW among the new waves of graduates, which is deviating from In 1998l, ZU was established as an academic public the traditional thinking of pursuing government jobs. This institution in the UAE. It operates two campuses, one in new path of ventures is not going to be free of challenges Dubai
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