An Overview of Approaches to the Study of Public Policy
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ELITES, POWER SOURCES and DEMOCRACY by DENZ YETKN
ELITES, POWER SOURCES AND DEMOCRACY by DEN İZ YETK İN Submitted to the Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Sabancı University 2008 ELITES, POWER SOURCES AND DEMOCRACY APPROVED BY: Asst. Prof. Dr.Nedim Nomer: ……………………. (Dissertation Supervisor) Prof. Sabri Sayarı: ……………………. Prof. Tülay Artan: ……………………. DATE OF APPROVAL: …………………… To my parents... © Deniz Yetkin 2008 All Rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………vi Abstract...……………………………………………………………………………..…vii Özet…….……………………………………………………………………………….viii INTRODUCTION .…………………………………………………….......…………....1 CHAPTER 1..……………………………………………………………………………6 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF ELITE DISCUSSION 1.1 Machiavelli and His Followers……………………………………………....7 1.2 The Classical Elite Theorists……………………………………………......8 1.2.1 Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) and the ‘Governing Elite’…………..…….....8 1.2.2 Gaetano Mosca (1858- 1941) and the ‘Ruling Class’……….………...….21 1.2.3 Robert Michels (1876-1936) and the ‘Dominant Class’……………...…..23 1.2.4 C. Wright Mills (1916-1962) and ‘The Power Elite’………..……………26 1.3 Who are Elites? ……………………………………………………………30 CHAPTER 2 ..……………………………………………………………….………….32 POWER SOURCES, POWER SCOPE OF ELITES, AND THE POSSIBILITY OF DEMOCRACY 2.1 Power and Democracy in Classical Elite Theories...……………………….33 2.2. A New Approach to Elites, Power Sources and Democracy...…………….38 CONCLUSION ..……………………………………………………………………….47 BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………….……..49 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank my thesis supervisor Asst. Prof. Nedim Nomer. I believe that without his support and guidance the writing of this thesis would have been difficult. Moreover, I am grateful to Prof. Sabri Sayarı and Prof. Tülay Artan for their precious comments. Apart from academic realm, I also would like to thank all my friends: I am grateful to my friends at Sabancı University for making my study enjoyable. -
The Coming Constitutional Yo-Yo? Elite Opinion, Polarization, and the Direction of Judicial Decision Making
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Commons @ UM Law The Coming Constitutional Yo-Yo? Elite Opinion, Polarization, and the Direction of Judicial Decision Making MARK A. GRABER* I. LIFE TENURE, ELITE STATUS, AND ELECTORAL RETURNS IN ISOLATION ........... 669 II. LIFE TENURE, ELITE STATUS, AND ELECTORAL RETURNS IN COMBINATION ....... 681 III. ELITE CONSENSUS AND THE WARREN COURT ................................................ 684 IV. ELITE POLARIZATION AND THE LATE REHNQUIST/ROBERTS COURT ..................... 693 V. THE COMING CONSTITUTIONAL YO-YO ......... 704 VI. TOO UNSETTLING? .................................. 713 Students of constitutional law provide two kinds of explanations for judicial decisions. Law professors traditionally emphasize the in- ternal or constitutional law foundations for judicial rulings. These in- clude the constitutional text, past precedent, the original understanding of the persons responsible for constitutional language and fundamental constitutional values.1 Political scientists more com- monly focus on the external and institutional foundations for judicial decisions. These include life tenure, the structure of partisan composi- tion, the behavior of those persons responsible for staffing the federal judiciary, and broader cultural forces.2 * Professor of Law, University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law. I am very, very grateful to everyone at the Howard Law Journal for their editing and forbearance. 1. For one account of the different forms of constitutional arguments, see PHILIP BOBBITT, CONSTITUTIONAL FATE: THEORY OF THE CONSTITUTION (1992). 2. For the variety of institutional and external forces that political scientists claim influence judicial decision making, see HOWARD GILLMAN ET AL., AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONALISM: VOL- UME I: STRUCTURES OF GOVERNMENT 14-18 (2013). -
Giants: the Global Power Elite
Secrecy and Society ISSN: 2377-6188 Volume 2 Number 2 Teaching Secrecy Article 13 January 2021 Giants: The Global Power Elite Susan Maret San Jose State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/secrecyandsociety Part of the Civic and Community Engagement Commons, Other Sociology Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public olicyP and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Maret, Susan. 2021. "Giants: The Global Power Elite." Secrecy and Society 2(2). https://doi.org/10.31979/2377-6188.2021.020213 https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/ secrecyandsociety/vol2/iss2/13 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Information at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Secrecy and Society by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Giants: The Global Power Elite Keywords human rights, C. Wright Mills, openness, power elite, secrecy, transnational corporations, transparency This book review is available in Secrecy and Society: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/ secrecyandsociety/vol2/iss2/13 Maret: Giants: The Global Power Elite Review, Giants: The Global Power Elite by Peter Philips Reviewed by Susan Maret Giants: The Global Power Elite, New York: Seven Stories Press, 2018. 384pp. / ISBN: 9781609808716 (paperback) / ISBN: 9781609808723 (ebook) https://www.sevenstories.com/books/4097-giants The strength of Giants: The Global Power Elite lies in its heavy documentation of the "globalized power elite, [a] concept of the Transnationalist Capitalist Class (TCC), theorized in the academic literature for some twenty years" (Phillips 2018, 9). -
Elite Decision Making
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Political Behavior Elite Decision Making Contributors: Ivan Cerovac Edited by: Fathali M. Moghaddam Book Title: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Political Behavior Chapter Title: "Elite Decision Making" Pub. Date: 2017 Access Date: June 6, 2017 Publishing Company: SAGE Publications, Inc. City: Thousand Oaks, Print ISBN: 9781483391168 Online ISBN: 9781483391144 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483391144.n110 Print pages: 238-239 ©2017 SAGE Publications, Inc.. All Rights Reserved. This PDF has been generated from SAGE Knowledge. Please note that the pagination of the online version will vary from the pagination of the print book. SAGE SAGE Reference Contact SAGE Publications at http://www.sagepub.com. Elite decision making refers to a collective decision-making process that focuses on the instrumental quality of laws, public policies, and political decisions it produces. Since the process aims at producing outcomes of considerable substantive quality, it organizes the existing capacities within a political community to achieve the desired outcome, thus giving greater (or even all) political power to a small group of people (i.e., experts) who are considered to be better at producing correct political decisions. This term has been a central issue in numerous discussions for the last 2,500 years and still represents a relevant political idea because of its strong influence regarding which political system we can see as legitimate. This entry briefly introduces the rationale for elite decision making and discusses various forms elite decision making can take in democratic and nondemocratic systems. The entry concludes with a few influential objections raised against elite decision-making procedures. -
Suggested Limitations of the Public Policy Doctrine Charles B
University of Minnesota Law School Scholarship Repository Minnesota Law Review 1935 Suggested Limitations of the Public Policy Doctrine Charles B. Nutting Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Nutting, Charles B., "Suggested Limitations of the Public Policy Doctrine" (1935). Minnesota Law Review. 993. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mlr/993 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Minnesota Law Review collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MINNESOTA LAW REVIEW SUGGESTED LIMITATIONS OF THE PUBLIC POLICY DOCTRINE By CHARLES B. NUTTING* ECENT activity among writers in the field of the conflict of laws has revealed an awakened interest in the ever-vexing problem of determining the law applicable to situations in which the law of the forum differs from that of some other jurisdiction which may govern.' Apparently proceeding on the assumption that a court in such case is at liberty to select the law to be applied, varying suggestions have been made as to the criterion to be adopted. If the vested rights theory of conflicts is followed, much of this discussion becomes irrelevant, since under that theory there is, strictly speaking, no "choice" of law, one law and one alone being properly applicable in every case.- Whether this or some other theory embodies the true explanation of conflicts cases, we may leave to those who hurl thunderbolts about Olympus.' The writer, being sympathetically inclined toward the high church party in these matters, favors it for reasons which will appear hereafter. -
1 Democratic Deliberation and Social Choice: a Review Christian List1
1 Democratic Deliberation and Social Choice: A Review Christian List1 This version: June 2017 Forthcoming in the Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy 1. Introduction In normative political theory, it is widely accepted that democratic decision making cannot be reduced to voting alone, but that it requires reasoned and well-informed discussion by those involved in and/or subject to the decisions in question, under conditions of equality and respect. In short, democracy requires deliberation (e.g., Cohen 1989; Gutmann and Thompson 1996; Dryzek 2000; Fishkin 2009; Mansbridge et al. 2010). In formal political theory, by contrast, the study of democracy has focused less on deliberation, and more on the aggregation of individual preferences or opinions into collective decisions – social choices – typically through voting (e.g., Arrow 1951/1963; Riker 1982; Austen-Smith and Banks 2000, 2005; Mueller 2003). While the literature on deliberation has an optimistic flavour, the literature on social choice is more mixed. It is centred around several paradoxes and impossibility results showing that collective decision making cannot generally satisfy certain plausible desiderata. Any democratic aggregation rule that we use in practice seems, at best, a compromise. Initially, the two literatures were largely disconnected from each other. Since the 1990s, however, there has been a growing dialogue between them (e.g., Miller 1992; Knight and Johnson 1994; van Mill 1996; Dryzek and List 2003; Landa and Meirowitz 2009). This chapter reviews the connections between the two. Deliberative democratic theory is relevant to social choice theory in that deliberation can complement aggregation and open up an escape route from some of its negative results. -
Decision Mode, Information and Network Attachment in the Internationalization of Smes: a Configurational and Contingency Analysis
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Child, John; Hsieh, Linda H. Y. Working Paper Decision mode, information and network attachment in the internationalization of SMEs: A configurational and contingency analysis Birmingham Business School Discussion Paper Series, No. 2013-09 Provided in Cooperation with: Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham Suggested Citation: Child, John; Hsieh, Linda H. Y. (2013) : Decision mode, information and network attachment in the internationalization of SMEs: A configurational and contingency analysis, Birmingham Business School Discussion Paper Series, No. 2013-09, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Business School, Birmingham, http://epapers.bham.ac.uk/1770/ This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/202653 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. -
Electronic Democracy the World of Political Science— the Development of the Discipline
Electronic Democracy The World of Political Science— The development of the discipline Book series edited by Michael Stein and John Trent Professors Michael B. Stein and John E. Trent are the co-editors of the book series “The World of Political Science”. The former is visiting professor of Political Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and Emeritus Professor, McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The latter is a Fellow in the Center of Governance of the University of Ottawa, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and a former professor in its Department of Political Science. Norbert Kersting (ed.) Electronic Democracy Barbara Budrich Publishers Opladen • Berlin • Toronto 2012 An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. The Open Access ISBN for this book is 978-3-86649-546-3. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org © 2012 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0. (CC- BY-SA 4.0) It permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you share under the same license, give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ © 2012 Dieses Werk ist beim Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH erschienen und steht unter der Creative Commons Lizenz Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Diese Lizenz erlaubt die Verbreitung, Speicherung, Vervielfältigung und Bearbeitung bei Verwendung der gleichen CC-BY-SA 4.0-Lizenz und unter Angabe der UrheberInnen, Rechte, Änderungen und verwendeten Lizenz. -
Incrementalism Redux: State Roles in Local Government Fiscal Crises∗
Incrementalism Redux: State Roles in Local Government Fiscal Crises∗ Presented by: Beth Walter Honadle Director, Institute for Policy Research, and Professor, Political Science University of Cincinnati ∗ Presented at the 59th International Atlantic Economic Conference, London, England, March 12, 2005. The author gratefully acknowledges the C. P. Taft Memorial Fund for an international conference travel grant, which allowed her to present this paper at the conference. She also appreciates assistance on preparing the manuscript from Yana Keck, a graduate student at the University of Cincinnati working at the Institute for Policy Research. Incrementalism Redux: State Roles in Local Government Fiscal Crises Beth Walter Honadle Abstract State governments in the U. S. have a major stake in the fiscal health and condition of local governments inasmuch as local fiscal emergencies can adversely impact the states’ finances and, to the extent that local services receive state funding, the states want to ensure responsible management of state funds. This paper contributes to understanding how states have developed their roles relative to this ostensibly local governmental issue. Drawing on survey data collected by the author, this paper examines how states have developed their roles relative to local government fiscal crises. The generic state-level roles that the study explored are: to predict, to avert, to mitigate, and to prevent recurrence of local government fiscal crises. Taken as a whole, these roles are assumed to approximate the rational- -
DFID Policy Approach to Rule Of
Rule of Law policy approach, final version: 12 July 2013 Policy Approach to Rule of Law What I call the building blocks of democracy (are) the independence of the judiciary and the rule of law, the rights of individuals, a free media, free association, a proper place in society for the army, strong political parties and a proper, rich civil society. These things together make up a golden thread that can be found woven through successful countries and sustainable economies all over the world (Prime Minister David Cameron, 2012) Contents Executive summary ..........................................................................................................................2 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................3 2. What is the rule of law? ...............................................................................................................4 3. Why is the rule of law important for poverty reduction? ...........................................................7 4. How are international partners supporting the rule of law? ......................................................9 5. How are HMG and DFID supporting the rule of law? ............................................................. 12 6. A renewed approach to the rule of law .................................................................................... 17 Annex 1: Country contexts and rule of law: examples of features, priorities and illustrative areas of -
Elite Theory.Pdf
Elite theory, in political science, theoretical perspective according to which (1) a community’s affairs are best handled by a small subset of its members and (2) in modern societies such an arrangement is in fact inevitable. These two tenets are ideologically allied but logically separable. The basic normative question underlying elite theory is whether the relative power of any group ought to exceed its relative size. The affirmative answer goes back to ancient Greece, where the disproportionate influence of distinguished minorities was defended by reference to their superior wisdom or virtue, as in Plato’s “guardian” class of rulers. The Greek precursor to the English aristocracy (aristokratia) referred to rule by “the best men” (the aristoi). The empirical assumption behind the defense of elite rule at the time was the unequal distribution of the finest human traits. The inevitability of elite rule could not be taken for granted, however, as attested by the fact that ancient, medieval, and early modern political writers undertook a constant struggle against rule by ordinary people, or democracy, which was often equated with the absence of order, or anarchy. That explicitly antidemocratic posture was characteristic of Christian writers such as Thomas Aquinas, the 13th-century theologian. The French word élite, from which the modern English is taken, means simply “the elect” or “the chosen” and thus accommodates the notion that people of outstanding ability hold their power and privileges by divine sanction. It is sometimes forgotten that later revolutionary ideologies held fast to the classic form of normative elitism, even borrowing the Platonic language of guardianship. -
Public Policy with a Human Rights Approach
Cover Art Concept Public-policy design must seek structural impact for the prevention and non-repetition of human rights violations, the report says. In that context, human rights must be taken as the central axis of the whole process to design, implement, monitor and evaluate public policy, which must also aim to strengthen democratic institutions. The cover addresses public-policy generation focused on human beings, in all their diversity. It features architectural references of government buildings around the region—as symbols of the public policies that need to be built—with people working on their construction. Diversity also involves acknowledging that certain population groups need special equalizing measures. Cover design: Anto Fraccaro / IACHR OAS/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 191 15 September 2018 Original: English INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Public Policy with a Human Rights Approach 2018 iachr.org OAS Cataloging-in-Publication Data Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Public policy with a human rights approach : approved by the Inter- American Commission on Human Rights on September 15, 2018. p. ; cm. (OAS. Official records ; OEA/Ser.L) ISBN 978-0-8270-6841-4 1. Human rights. 2. Civil rights. I. Title. II. Series. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc.191/18 INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Members Margarette May Macaulay Esmeralda Arosemena de Troitiño Francisco José Eguiguren Praeli Luis Ernesto Vargas Silva Joel Hernández García Antonia Urrejola Flávia Piovesan Executive Secretary Paulo Abrão Assistant Executive Secretary for Monitoring, Promotion and Technical Cooperation María Claudia Pulido Chief of Staff of the Executive Secretariat of the IACHR Marisol Blanchard Vera Approved by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on September 15, 2018 INDEX CHAPTER 1 | INTRODUCTION 9 A.