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Flowing Wells and Municipal Water Supplies Southern Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 183 Series 0, Underground Waters, 63 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR FLOWING WELLS AND MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES IN THE MIDDLE AND NORTHERN PORTIONS SOUTHERN PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN BY FEANK LEVERETT AND OTHERS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE 1907 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction, by Frank Leverett............................................. 1 Scope of report........................................................ 1 Geographic features.................................................... 3 Water-bearing formations............................................... 7 Structure of drift....................................................... 8 Character of drainage................................................... 9 Rainfall............................................................... 10 Ground-water table..................................................... 11 Wells and appliances................................................ 1... 12 Quality of water....................................................... 14 Subterranean-water temperature......................................... 14 Legislation............................................................ 21 Flowing wells.......................................................... 22 Municipal and institutional water supplies................................. 23 Muskegon County, by C. D. McLouth.......................................... 25 Topography, by Frank Leverett.......................................... 25 Water-distributing systems.............................................. 25 Miscellaneous village supplies............................................ 26 Flowing wells.......................................................... 26 General statement.................................................. 26 White Lake district................................................ 27 Muskegon Lake district............................................. 31 Lake Harbor district................................................ 37 Spring Lake district................................................ 39 Moorland district................................................... 40 Fruitland district.................................................. 41 Casnovia district................................................... 41 Summary......................................................... 42 Oceana County, by Myron L. Fuller.......................................... 46 Topography........................................................... 46 Flowing wells.....................-....................---...------.-.- 46 Flower Creek district............................................... 46 Shelby district..................................................... 49 Hart district....................................................... 52 Crystal Valley district. .... .......:................................. 53 Elbridge district.......................-......--........-----.-.--. 54 Tigris district...................................................... 55 Lattin district.................................................. - 56 Weare district..................................................... 56 Ferry district.................-........--......--.--.--...-----..-- 57 Greenwood district.......-.-.............................------.--- 58 Waterworks................-........--.-.........-.-------.----------- 59 Hart..........................................-----..-----.------ 59 Shelby.........---.-....-.----......----...-.---.----.-----------. 60 Pentwater..........-.-..................-....-.-..---..---.--.---- 60 Miscellaneous village supplies...,..,...,.,.,. r ...,..............-.------. 62 Hi IV - CONTENTS. Page. Newaygo County, by Myron L. Fuller........................................ 62 General statement...................................................... 62 Flowing wells.......................................................... 63 Hesperia.......................................................... 63 Fremont district................................................... 65 Fremont...................................................... 65 Fremont Lake................................................. 67 Outlying wells................................................. 68 Summary..................................................... 69 Newaygo.......................................................... 70 Flowing wells.................................................. 70 Waterworks................................................... 72 Ensley district..................................................... 73 Isolated flows...................................................... 74 Miscellaneous village supplies............................................ 75 Mecosta County, by Myron L. Fuller......................................... 75 Topography........................................................... 75 Flowing wells.......................................................... 76 Barryton district................................................... 76 Sheridan Township................................................. 77 Mecosta........................................................... 78 Paris............................................................. 78 Millbrook......................................................... 78 Town supplies......................................................... 78 Big Eapids........................................................ 78 Miscellaneous...................................................... 79 Mason County, by Myron L. Fuller.................-.-....-....-.'-..-........ 80 General statement, by Frank Leverett.................................... 80 Flowing wells....................... l........................... ...... 80 Bass Lake district. ................................................. 80 Waterworks........................................................... 81 Miscellaneous village supplies................-.--.....-..-.--.-.---...... 82 Lake County, by Frank Leverett-............................................ 82 Osceola County, by Myron L. Fuller...-..-....-.....--...-..-.-...-.......... 83 General statement, by Frank Leverett.................................... 83 Waterworks........................................................... 84 Evart............................................................. 84 Eeed City......................................................... 85 Flowing wells.......................................................... 85 Evart district...................................................... 85 Eeed City......................................................... 87 Marion............................................................ 88 Eose Lake..--..--........---..-.-..-....-....--......--.......... 88 Springs............................................................... 88 No-che-mo Springs................................................. 88 Miscellaneous village supplies............................................ 80 Quality of water in Oceana, Newaygo, Mecosta, and Osceola counties, by Myron L. FuUer................'...............................-....--.-.......... 90 Isabella County, by W. M. Gregory........................................... 92 General statement, by Frank Leverett. -..-.......-.-....-.-......--.-.... 92 Flowing wells. .............................................. .^......... 92 General relations....--.-....-..-.....-..........-...----..-------.. 92 Coe basin......................................................... 95 CONTENTS. V Page. Isabella County Continued. Flowing wells Continued. Isabella basin...................................................... 101 Nottawa basin..................................................... 105 Isolated flows...................................................... 108 Mount Pleasant water supplies........................................... 109 Clare County, by Frank Leverett............................................. Ill General statement...................................................... Ill Waterworks........................................................... 112 Clare............................................................. 112 Farwell........................................................... 112 Harrison.......................................................... 112 Miscellaneous town supplies............................................. 112 Flowing wells.......................................................... 113 Sheridan Township................................................. 113 Gladwin County, by Frank Leverett.......................................... 113 General statement. ..................................................... 113 Flowing wells.......................................................... 114 Gladwin district.................................................... 114 McClure district..................................................... 114 Edwards district................................................... 115 Bay County, by W. F. Cooper............................................... 115 Flowing wells.......................................................... 115 Williams Township................................................. 115 Kawkawlin Valley.................................................. 116 Fraser field........................................................ 117 Pinconning field...................................."................ 117 Mount Forest field................................................
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