Creación De Fuentes Tipográficas Según Parámetros Utilizados Por Expertos Y Su Aprovechamiento En La Comunicación Visual

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Creación De Fuentes Tipográficas Según Parámetros Utilizados Por Expertos Y Su Aprovechamiento En La Comunicación Visual UNIVERSIDAD RAFAEL LANDÍVAR FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA Y DISEÑO LICENCIATURA EN DISEÑO GRÁFICO INVESTIGACIÓN: Creación de fuentes tipográficas según parámetros utilizados por expertos y su aprovechamiento en la comunicación visual. ESTRATEGIA: Identidad gráfica y material promocional para Grupo María Luz de Esperanza. PROYECTO DE GRADO LETICIA YANETH ALVARADO PÉREZ CARNET 12017-06 GUATEMALA DE LA ASUNCIÓN, JUNIO DE 2015 CAMPUS CENTRAL 1 UNIVERSIDAD RAFAEL LANDÍVAR FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA Y DISEÑO LICENCIATURA EN DISEÑO GRÁFICO INVESTIGACIÓN: Creación de fuentes tipográficas según parámetros utilizados por expertos y su aprovechamiento en la comunicación visual. ESTRATEGIA: Identidad gráfica y material promocional para Grupo María Luz de Esperanza. PROYECTO DE GRADO TRABAJO PRESENTADO AL CONSEJO DE LA FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA Y DISEÑO POR LETICIA YANEHT ALVARADO PÉREZ PREVIO A CONFERÍRSELE EL TÍTULO DE DISEÑADORA GRÁFICA EN EL GRADO ACADÉMICO DE LICENCIADA GUATEMALA DE LA ASUNCIÓN, JUNIO DE 2015 CAMPUS CENTRAL 2 AUTORIDADES UNIVERSIDAD RAFAEL LANDÍVAR RECTOR: P. EDUARDO VALDES BARRIA, S.J. VICERRECTORA ACADÉMICA: DRA. LUCRECIA MÉNDEZ GONZÁLEZ DE PENEDO VICERRECTOR DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y PROYECCIÓN: ING. JOSÉ JUVENTINO GÁLVEZ RUANO VICERRECTOR DE INTEGRACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA: P. JULIO ENRIQUE MOREIRA CHAVARRÍA, S.J. VICERRECTOR ADMINISTRATIVO: LIC. ARIEL RIVERA IRÍAS SECRETARIA GENERAL: LICDA. FABIOLA DE LA LUZ PADILLA BELTRANENA AUTORIDADES FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA Y DISEÑO DECANO: MGTR. HERNÁN OVIDIO MORALES CALDERÓN VICEDECANO: ARQ. OSCAR REINALDO ECHEVERRÍA CAÑAS SECRETARIA: MGTR. ALICE MARÍA BECKER ÁVILA DIRECTORA DEPTO. DE DISEÑO GRÁFICO: MGTR. ANA REGINA LÓPEZ DE LA VEGA NOMBRE DEL ASESOR DE TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN LIC. JOSÉ ALEJANDRO RAMÍREZ PINEDA TERNA QUE PRACTICÓ LA EVALUACIÓN MGTR. PATRICIA DEL CARMEN VILLATORO CASTILLO DE PAZ LIC. CLAUDIA MARÍA AQUINO AREVALO LIC. DAVID ALFARO VALLADARES 3 CARTA DEL ASESOR 4 ORDEN DE IMPRESIÓN 5 Índice Resumen............................................................8 -Otros Elementos importantes dentro de la 1. Introducción.......................................................9 tipografía...................................................35 2. Planteamiento del Problema...............................10 -Anatomía de la Letra y Proporción...............37 3. Objetivos de Investigación.................................12 -Las Partes de las Letras.............................39 4. Metodología -Aspectos a considerar para el cuidado del 4.1 Sujetos de Estudio.................................13 tamaño.......................................................44 4.2 Objetos de Estudio...................................21 -Materiales utilizados para la elaboración de 4.3 Instrumentos..........................................21 la Tipografía................................................47 4.4 Procedimiento........................................23 -Diseño de Tipografías..................................50 5. Contenido Teórico y Experiencia desde Diseño -Concepción del Tipo...................................51 -Breve Historia de la Tipografía....................24 -Revolución Digital......................................52 -La Tipografía..............................................25 -Vectorización del Tipo................................56 -Clasificación de los Tipos...........................26 -Software para crear Tipografías..................57 -Planificación de la Tipografía......................28 -Aplicaciones Secundarias...........................61 -Elementos de la Tipografía.........................29 -Procedimiento para Empezar a trabajar la -Aspectos en la Tipografía...........................29 Tipografía..................................................63 -Creación del Tipo.......................................63 6 -Tipografía y la Comunicación Visual............65 -La tipografía dentro de la Comunicación......68 -Lógica Visual.............................................69 -La tipografía como ilustración para la Comunicación Visual..................................71 -Experiencia desde Diseño..........................78 6. Descripción de Resultados 6.1 Entrevistas............................................81 6.2 Guías de Observación...........................118 7. Interpretación y Síntesis..................................129 8. Conclusiones y Recomendaciones....................155 9. Referencias....................................................159 10. Anexos..........................................................174 7 Resumen La tipografía es un sistema de signos y símbolos por el En esta investigación se presentan los aspectos cual el ser humano puede comunicarse a través de la importantes que un diseñador gráfico debe saber para escritura. Existen diversidad de fuentes tipográficas, elaborar no sólo una tipografía estética sino también desde caligráficas que son trazos más estilizados, funcional, analizando el proceso de varios expertos y hasta las Serif de trazos sencillos y Sans Serif con las herramientas principales que utilizan. trazos también sencillos pero con pequeños adornos en sus terminales. Conociendo también la diversidad de herramientas para realizar las diferentes fuentes tipográficas y sus Hay gran diversidad de estilos y diseños, de los cuales aplicaciones en la comunicación visual. son encargados los tipógrafos expertos, quienes van creando según su inspiración o bien por encargo de algún cliente. Realizar una tipografía no es nada fácil, pues antes de empezar en el mundo de la tipografía se debe saber y conocer sobre las letras, sus partes, y aspectos a seguir, importantes para no perder la legibilidad en la lectura. 8 Introducción En esta investigación se presenta el estudio del europeos y latinos, pues en Guatemala no se ha proceso de la creación de las tipografías por expertos, profundizado en esta área. y sus herramientas para llevarlas a cabo. Principalmente porque la preparación de los Se ha considerado este tema de investigación, ya estudiantes como tipógrafos ha sido limitada y este que muchas veces los diseñadores gráficos olvidan campo puede ser considerado como ámbito laboral la importancia que tiene esta área como recurso para un diseñador gráfico. para la diferenciación en la comunicación visual, al diseñar una única tipografía. Por lo que se consultó En este documento no solamente se encontrarán con expertos en el tema para poder conocer su procesos y herramientas consideradas importantes importancia, los aspectos que consideran para por los tipógrafos expertos para llevarlos a cabo, sino realizarla, cómo empiezan el proceso y qué utilizan también conocer más sobre el tema tipográfico para para poder hacerlo, así poder realizar un análisis así comprender el por qué es importante tomar en según respuestas, opiniones y experiencias para cuenta ciertos aspectos en la creación de la tipografía, lograr alcanzar los objetivos propuestos para el sus términos y para qué funcionan en la comunicación desarrollo de esta investigación. visual, y así poder enriquecer de alguna forma al diseñador en este tema, determinando los pasos Como estudiantes de Diseño Gráfico hace falta e instrumentos más importantes para elaborar una conocer el proceso que se puede utilizar para la tipografía, estableciendo parámetros que coinciden creación tipográfica, desde la experiencia de expertos entre los expertos. 9 Planteamiento del problema En el Diseño Gráfico existen diferentes temáticas a Es importante conocer las formas y los trazos que investigar, entre ellas están las fuentes tipográficas de las se pueden elaborar para crear nuevas fuentes cuales se conoce la historia y sus principales exponentes tipográficas, adicionando el sello personal de un así como sobre la escuela que llevó a muchos tipógrafos diseñador, pero para esto se debe conocer el a experimentar nuevas fuentes, pero se ha dejado a un proceso que se lleva desde su construcción en el lado el proceso que se lleva para su elaboración desde el bocetaje hasta emplearlo digitalmente. El construir la principio hasta el final de su desarrollo. tipografía lleva a conocer el tamaño indicado, tanto de las letras mayúsculas como el de las minúsculas, A través de la creación de una nueva tipografía se números y signos o símbolos que se deben incluir puede marcar el sello personal de un diseñador, así dentro del campo de fuentes tipográficas. como también expresar sentimientos y sensaciones a los que se puede llegar a identificar a muchas personas, Si latinoamérica se ha destacado como productor de transmitir información y diversas ideas que pueden ser fuentes tipográficas, Guatemala puede empezar a reforzadas con palabras. “La tipografía es el arte o técnica formar parte activa en el diseño tipográfico, dejando de reproducir la comunicación mediante la palabra de ser un pasivo consumidor de fuentes europeas y impresa”, según McLean (1993), quien indica que toda la norteamericanas. tipografía deriva de las distintas formas de nuestras letras y números; por lo tanto, hay que aprendérselas y la mejor Es preciso mostrar la producción local de fuentes y más divertida forma de aprender es practicando, ya que tipográficas de la región para alentar al diseñador en al dibujar se aprende, se explora y se inventa. formación a experimentar en diseñar tipos. 10 Tomando en cuenta el proceso de Pilar Cano, Diseñadora libros y únicamente se localizan aspectos técnicos Gráfica y Tipógrafa, actualmente su principal función que cubre el conocimiento pero no el paso a paso. está dedicada al desarrollo de tipos; Jordi Embodas,
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