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The Tadpole of Leptodactylus Caatingae Heyer & Juncá

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The Tadpole of Leptodactylus Caatingae Heyer & Juncá The Tadpole of Leptodactylus caatingae Heyer & Juncá, 2003 (Anura: Leptodactylidae): External Morphology, Internal Anatomy, and Natural History Author(s): Felipe de Medeiros Magalhães , Adrian Antonio Garda , Talita Ferreira Amado , Rafael O. de Sá Source: South American Journal of Herpetology, 8(3):203-210. 2013. Published By: Brazilian Society of Herpetology DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-13-00033.1 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2994/SAJH-D-13-00033.1 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. 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South American Journal of Herpetology, 8(3), 2013, 203–210 © 2013 Brazilian Society of Herpetology The Tadpole of Leptodactylus caatingae Heyer & Juncá, 2003 (Anura: Leptodactylidae): External Morphology, Internal Anatomy, and Natural History Felipe de Medeiros Magalhães1, Adrian Antonio Garda2,*, Talita Ferreira Amado3, Rafael O. de Sá4 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-900, Natal, RN, Brazil. 2 Laboratório de Anfíbios e Répteis, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-900, Natal, RN, Brazil. 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-900, Natal, RN, Brazil. 4 Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, 23173, USA. * Corresponding Author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. We describe and illustrate the external morphology, oral disc, chondrocranium, and internal oral anatomy of Leptodactylus caat- ingae larvae. We analyze the internal oral anatomy using scanning electron microscopy of a larva in Gosner stage 38 and chondrocranial anatomy is reported for Gosner stage 34. The tadpole at Gosner stage 38 has a globular body shape with low tail fins and a ventral oral disc bordered by two rows of marginal papillae on most of the disc, except for the anterior labium and a medial portion of the posterior labium where papillae are simple; a wide rostral gap is present; labial tooth row formula: 2(2)/3(1). Observations on the natural history of adults and tadpoles are also reported. The external morphology of these tadpoles is compared with available descriptions for larvae of L. latinasus and other congeners that occur in sympatry with L. caatingae. Internal oral morphology and chondrocranial anatomy are discussed in relation to available data for other species in the L. fuscus species group. Keywords. Chondrocranium; Internal Oral Anatomy; Larvae; Leptodactylus fuscus Species Group; Taxonomy. Resumo. No presente trabalho, nós descrevemos e ilustramos a morfologia externa, o disco oral, o condrocrânio e a anatomia oral interna do girino de Leptodactylus caatingae. Nós analisamos a anatomia oral interna em microscopia eletrônica de varredura de uma larva no estágio Gosner 38, enquanto a anatomia do condrocrânio foi descrita para um girino no estágio Gosner 34. No estágio Gosner 38, o girino apresen- ta corpo de formato globular, com nadadeiras baixas e disco oral ventral bordeado por duas fileiras de papila marginal em quase toda sua extensão, exceto no lábio anterior e na porção medial do lábio posterior aonde as papilas são simples; Grande interrupção na região rostral presente. Fórmula oral: 2(2)/3(1). Nós também relatamos aspectos de história natural dos adultos e dos girinos. A morfologia externa é comparada com descrições disponíveis para os girinos de L. latinasus e outros congêneres que ocorrem em simpatria com L. caatingae. Nós discutimos e comparamos a morfologia oral interna e anatomia do condrocrânio com as descrições disponíveis para outras espécies que pertencem ao grupo L. fuscus de espécies. INTRODUCTION Leptodactylus caatingae, a member of L. fuscus species group, is a medium size terrestrial frog distributed The Leptodactylus fuscus species group (Heyer, throughout northeastern Brazil, associated mostly 1978) comprises 25 recognized species broadly with the Caatinga morphoclimatic domain but also distributed from Central to South America east of found in open areas within the Atlantic Forest (Heyer the Andes (Heyer and Juncá, 2003; Fernández et al., and Juncá, 2003). The species was previously confused 2009). Although external larval morphology of most with L. latinasus but later separated based mostly on its species has been described (Langone and de Sá, 2005; advertisement call acoustic properties (Heyer and Juncá, Candioti et al., 2007 and references therein), overall 2003). Almost nothing is known about the species’ similarity hampers their identification and utility in reproductive biology or natural history; only geographic population and ecological studies. The utility of larval distribution notes and short field observations have been characters for species identification is further limited published since its description (Vieira et al., 2006; Vieira by inadequate or unavailable descriptions. Still, et al., 2012; Magalhães et al., 2013). external and internal larval features are important for Herein, we describe the external morphology, anuran taxonomy and phylogeny (Larson and de Sá, internal oral anatomy, and chondrocranium of 1998; Haas, 2003; Langone and de Sá, 2005; Candioti Leptodactylus caatingae larvae and compare it with other et al., 2007) and to understand character variation tadpoles of the L. fuscus species group described in the across populations and species (Langone and de Sá, literature. In addition, we provide field observations on 2005). the natural history of adults and larvae. Submitted: 04 October 2013 Handling Editor: Taran Grant Accepted: 05 December 2013 doi: 10.2994/SAJH-D-13-00033.1 South American Journal of Herpetology, 8(3), 2013, 203–210 MATERIALS AND METHODS Table 1. Measurements (in mm; mean ± standard deviation) of Leptodactylus caatingae larvae. n = number of individuals. See text for We collected tadpoles of Leptodactylus caatingae measurement abbreviations. in June 2012 at Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí, Macaíba 33 34 35 38 40 Stage Municipality, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil (n = 3) (n = 6) (n = 1) (n = 3) (n = 2) (05°53’06.68”S; 35°22’01.28”W). Tadpoles were TL 28.4 ± 2.3 29.1 ± 1.7 31.7 32.1 ± 0.8 26.6–27.2 anesthetized and preserved in 5% formalin solution. Six (26.9–31.0) (27.1–31.2) (31.2–32.8) larvae were raised in an aquarium until completion of BL 10.1 ± 0.3 10.1 ± 0.8 11.4 11.6 ± 0.7 9.5–10.0 metamorphosis to allow species identification. Froglets (9.9–10.3) (9.3–11.3) (10.9–12.2) were fed with termites and survived for about two weeks BH 5 ± 0.3 4.8 ± 0.4 5.5 5.6 ± 0.1 4.1–4.6 after metamorphosis, although only one reached the (4.7–5.3) (4.1–5.1) (5.4–5.7) juvenile stage (Fig. 2C, AAGARDA 9323). Terminology BW 6.2 ± 0.5 6.3 ± 0.6 7.3 7.6 ± 0.8 5.7–6.0 (5.7–6.5) (5.3–6.9) (6.8–8.5) for external morphology and oral anatomy follows Altig TAL 18.3 ± 2.0 18.9 ± 1.3 20.3 20.5 ± 1.2 17.1–17.2 and McDiarmid (1999) and larval developmental stages (17.0–20.7) (17.1–20.3) (19.5–21.9) determination follows Gosner (1960). A lot with 15 MTH 5.5 ± 0.4 5.8 ± 0.7 6.3 6.9 ± 0.6 5.6–6.1 individuals at Gosner stages 33–40 was used to describe (5.0–5.8) (4.8–6.7) (6.5–7.6) external morphology and is deposited at Coleção do DFH 2.1 ± 0.2 2.3 ± 0.2 2.4 2.4 ± 0.2 2.0–2.2 Laboratório de Anfíbios e Répteis da Universidade Federal (2.0–2.3) (1.9–2.5) (2.3–2.7) do Rio Grande do Norte (CLAR-UFRN, AAGARDA 6293). VFH 2.0 ± 0.2 2.2 ± 0.3 2.1 2.2 ± 0.1 1.8–1.9 Tadpole description and illustrations are based on a (1.8–2.2) (1.8–2.5) (2.2–2.3) specimen at in Gosner stage 38 (AAGARDA 9368). TMH 2.4 ± 1.0 2.4 ± 0.3 2.9 3.0 ± 0.2 2.4–2.6 We measured 18 morphometric variables with (1.7–3.4) (2.1–3.1) (2.8–3.1) a digital caliper (0.01 mm precision) and an ocular TMW 1.9 ± 0.3 2.1 ± 0.2 2.6 2.6 ± 0.2 1.9–2.3 micrometer in a Leica-EZ4D stereomicroscope following (1.5–2.2) (1.8–2.3) (2.4–2.8) Altig and McDiarmid (1999): total length (TL), body ED 1.2 ± 0.3 1.1 ± 0.1 1.7 1.8 ± 0.0 1.5–1.6 (0.9–1.5) (1.0–1.2) (1.8–1.8) length (BL), tail length (TAL), maximum tail height (MTH), IOD 3.1 ± 0.3 3.2 ± 0.3 3.9 4.2 ± 0.4 3.1–3.2 tail muscle height (TMH), tail muscle width (TMW), (2.7–3.3) (2.0–3.5) (4.0–4.7) interorbital distance (IOD), internarial distance (IND).
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