DOCSLIB.ORG

Morphotaxonomy and Diversity of Terrestrial Microalgae and Cyanobacteria in Biological Crusts of Soil from Paddy Fields of Los Baños, Laguna (Philippines)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Morphotaxonomy and Diversity of Terrestrial Microalgae and Cyanobacteria in Biological Crusts of Soil from Paddy Fields of Los Baños, Laguna (Philippines) PRIMARY RESEARCH PAPER | Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Morphotaxonomy and Diversity of Terrestrial Microalgae and Cyanobacteria in Biological Crusts of Soil from Paddy Fields of Los Baños, Laguna (Philippines) Eldrin DLR. Arguelles1* and Rosario G. Monsalud1 ABSTRACT Floristic and taxonomic study on the basis of morphological and cytological characteristics of terrestrial algae found in biological crusts of soil from paddy fields of Los Baños, Laguna showed the occurrence of 14 taxa (3 unicellular, 2 colonial, 7 non-heterocytous filamentous and 2 heterocytous filamentous) belonging to the class Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Klebsormidiophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae. The collection reported in this study represents 9 orders, 10 families, 13 genera and 14 species based on recent KEY WORDS : combined taxonomical approach. Of these taxa, the occurrence of a rare green alga Chlorolobion braunii (Nägeli) Komárek is reported for the first time in the Philippines. algae Three species are also reported here based on current taxonomic nomenclature and these diversity are Planktothrix agardhii (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek, Kamptonema chlorinum new record (Kützing ex Gomont) Strunecký, Komárek & J.Smarda and Tetradesmus dimorphus taxonomy (Turpin) M.J. Wynne. These taxonomic records are considered important information in rice fields enriching the knowledge about the diversity and habitat distribution of cyanobacteria and soil habitat microalgae in the Philippines. INTRODUCTION The high diversity of cyanobacteria and microalgae, combined with their unfavorable environments, in which Knowledge on the diversity and distribution of terrestrial these organisms live, makes them key subjects for the microalgae and cyanobacteria in biological crusts on soils still discovery of new algal species candidates in bioactive falls behind those of marine and freshwater environments. compound screening projects. In soil crusts of paddy fields, The terrestrial environment, which contains a vast array of soil the activity of these algae results in the stabilization of the microalgae and cyanobacteria with unique biological soil surfaces, decreasing the incidence of erosion and properties, is one of the less studied biological resources. keeping moisture thus providing suitable habitat for growth Biological crusts are normally formed by association of of rice (Johansen, 1993). Several studies have analyzed several microorganisms, e.g., algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, the diversity of terrestrial algae on biological soil crusts of lichens and sometimes non-vascular plants, which are closely paddy fields in different parts of the world (Roger and associated with the soil substratum (e.g. paddy fields) forming Reynaud, 1982; Irissari, et al., 2001; Naz, et al., 2004; flat, amorphous structures (Belnap, et al., 2001; Pattanaik and Pereira, et al., 2005). Although knowledge of terrestrial Adhikary, 2005; Sethi, et al., 2012). Paddy fields are regarded algal flora has accumulated in other countries, there are as invaluable environments for diverse kinds of microalgae few published articles about the composition of and cyanobacteria and are considered highly disturbed cyanobacteria and microalgae in biological soil crusts of environments exposed to various physico-chemical activities. paddy fields in the Philippines (Pantastico and Suayan, Algal species of such soils may be considered unique and 1973; Martinez-Goss, et al., 2014). Hence, the present can be used as indicators of specific wetland soil study was carried out to isolate and morpho-taxonomically characteristics (Johansen, 1993; Irisarri, et al., 2001). identify terrestrial microalgae and cyanobacteria associated with biological crusts of soil from paddy fields of Los Baños, 1 Philippine National Collection of Microorganisms, National Laguna, Philippines. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippine Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines * Corresponding Author: [email protected] Date Submitted : 05 May 2017 Date Accepted : 09 January 2018 © Association of Systematic Biologists of the Philippines Volume 11 Issue 2 - 2017 Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology | Arguelles and Monsalud: Morphotaxonomy and Diversity of Terrestrial Microalgae MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Sampling, Isolation and Identification of Terrestrial Microalgae Fourteen algal isolates were obtained from biological crust and Cyanobacteria. samples collected from three paddy field sampling sites in Several biological crust samples of visually noticeable algal the UPLB Campus and Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. Of growth on both submerged and exposed rocks and soils from these isolates, eight taxa belong to cyanobacteria, five to three sampling sites (Table 1) were collected simultaneously Chlorophyta, and one to Charophyta. Morpho-taxonomic characterization of each of the isolates is presented together for algal taxonomic studies. Six crust samples were collected with a short description of the place of collection and habitat. from each of the sampling sites including rock and soil Current names were used based on Guiry & Guiry (2017). surfaces found within the vicinity of the different paddy fields. Sample collection was done by gently scraping rock and soil Presented below is a dichotomous key for the identification surfaces with a sterile blade and needle. The collected of the different cyanobacterial and microalgal isolates materials were placed in sterile screw cap tubes (Samad and included in this survey. Adhikary, 2008; Arguelles, 2016). Each sample was aseptically transferred into BG 11 medium with or without Morpho-taxonomic Description of the Isolates combined nitrogen and to plates containing solid medium (1.5% w/v agar) and stored at 25 ± 1°C beneath fluorescent Cyanobacteria light (148-230 lux) for 20 d following the method described by Class: Cyanophyceae Arguelles, et al. (2014) and Samad and Adhikary (2008). Order: Oscillatoriales Photomicrographs of the algal isolates appearing in the Family: Microcoleaceae culture medium were taken using an Olympus CX31 binocular research microscope equipped with Infinity X digital camera. Genus: Planktothrix K. Anagnostidis & J. Komárek The morphological characteristics such as attributes of the filaments, the size and shape of vegetative cells as well as 1. Planktothrix agardhii (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek specialized cells (heterocytes and akinetes), length and width Pl. I Fig. 1 of intercalary cells, absence or presence of constriction at the cross wall and at the sheath; color and appearance of the Basionym: Oscillatoria agardhii Gomont sheath; nature of trichomes and filaments; and absence or presence of heterocytes and akinete were taken into Stoyanov, et al., Journal of BioSciences Biotechnology, examination during the identification and classification of each 5(1), 25, Fig. 2.17, 2016; Starmach, Polish Polar algal taxa. The taxonomic system described by Tilden (1910), Research, 16: 125, Fig. 3.20, 1995; =Oscillatoria Desikachary (1959), Prescott (1962), Anagnostidis and agardhii Gomont, Martinez, 1984, A Checklist of Blue- Komárek, (1990), and Whitton (2002) were used. Green Algae of the Philippines, 56; Prescott, 1962, Morphotaxonomic identification was done up to the species Algae of the Western Great Lakes Area, 484, pl. 108, level possible using all available information. In the current Fig. 15 and 16. taxonomic study, the orthographs ‘heterocytes’ and ‘hormogonia’ instead of ‘heterocysts’ and ‘hormogones’ Trichomes are straight and solitary, free floating, isopolar respectively, were applied, as proposed by the International (both poles with the same morphology); slightly constricted Association for Cyanophyte Research (IAC) (Mollenhauer, et at the crosswalls; apical cells not attenuated, not capitated al. 1994). and without calyptra; cells blue-green in color, 1-2 µm long Table 1. List of the collection sites showing the coordinates determined by GPS. Global Positioning System (GPS) Location Sampling Site No. Place of Collection Latitude Longitude University of the Philippine Los Baños (UPLB) 1 140 9’ 11.84” N 1210 15’ 33.62” E Science Park, College, Laguna, Philippines Barangay Maahas, Los Baños, Laguna, 2 140 10’ 33.73” N 1210 15’ 41.75” E Philippines Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice), 3 140 9’ 40.66” N 1210 14’ 48.03” E UPLB Substation, College, Laguna, Philippines © Association of Systematic Biologists of the Philippines Volume 11 Issue 2 - 2017 | 26 Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology | Arguelles and Monsalud: Morphotaxonomy and Diversity of Terrestrial Microalgae © Association of Systematic Biologists of the Philippines Volume 11 Issue 2 - 2017 | 27 Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology | Arguelles and Monsalud: Morphotaxonomy and Diversity of Terrestrial Microalgae and 1 µm wide; crosswalls not granulated, end cells rounded. rounded and without calyptra. Specimen: LUZON, Laguna, Los Baños (Maahas, puddle in Specimen: LUZON, Laguna, Los Baños (University of the rice paddies), E.DLR. Arguelles s.n. The specimen is similar Philippines Los Baños, UPLB Science Park, water irrigation in cell dimensions to that reported by Prescott (1962) and area), E.DLR. Arguelles s.n. This specimen is similar to that smaller to that observed by Starmach (1995). Found as a observed in lakes and ponds of Sindh in Pakistan by Lashari blackish crust on moist soil surface associated with other et al., (2009) by having trichomes that are not attenuated. filamentous cyanobacteria. Found occurring
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae) in Lake Tanganyika (Africa)*
    Biologia 63/6: 799—805, 2008 Section Botany DOI: 10.2478/s11756-008-0101-4 Siderocelis irregularis (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae) in Lake Tanganyika (Africa)* Maya P. Stoyneva1, Elisabeth Ingolič2,WernerKofler3 &WimVyverman4 1Sofia University ‘St Kliment Ohridski’, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 8 bld. Dragan Zankov, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]fia.bg 2Graz University of Technology, Research Institute for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17,A-8010 Graz, Austria; e-mail: [email protected] 3University of Innsbruck, Institute of Botany, Sternwartestrasse 15,A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; e-mail: werner.kofl[email protected] 4Ghent University, Department Biology, Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Krijgslaan 281-S8,B-9000 Gent, Belgium; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Siderocelis irregularis Hindák, representing a genus Siderocelis (Naumann) Fott that is known from European temperate waters, was identified as a common phytoplankter in Lake Tanganyika. It was found aposymbiotic as well as ingested (possibly endosymbiotic) in lake heterotrophs, mainly Strombidium sp. and Vorticella spp. The morphology and ultrastructure of the species, studied with LM, SEM and TEM, are described with emphasis on the structure of the cell wall and the pyrenoid. Key words: Chlorophyta; cell wall; pyrenoid; symbiosis; ciliates; Strombidium; Vorticella Introduction ics of symbiotic species in general came into alignment with that of free-living algae and the term ‘zoochlorel- Tight partnerships between algae and aquatic inver- lae’ was abandoned as being taxonomically ambiguous tebrates, including symbiotic relationships, have long (e.g. Bal 1968; Reisser & Wiessner 1984; Taylor 1984; been of interest and a number of excellent reviews are Reisser 1992a).
    [Show full text]
  • Pediastrum Species (Hydrodictyaceae, Sphaeropleales) in Phytoplankton of Sumin Lake (£Êczna-W£Odawa Lakeland)
    Vol. 73, No. 1: 39-46, 2004 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 39 PEDIASTRUM SPECIES (HYDRODICTYACEAE, SPHAEROPLEALES) IN PHYTOPLANKTON OF SUMIN LAKE (£ÊCZNA-W£ODAWA LAKELAND) AGNIESZKA PASZTALENIEC, MA£GORZATA PONIEWOZIK Department of Botany and Hydrobiology, Catholic University of Lublin C.K. Norwida 4, 20-061 Lublin, Poland e-mail: [email protected] (Received: April 7, 2003. Accepted: July 18, 2003) ABSTRACT During studies of phytoplankton in Sumin Lake (£êczna-W³odawa Lakeland), conducted from May till Sep- tember 2001 and 2002, 15 taxa of the genus Pediastrum (Hydrodictyaceae, Sphaeropleales) were found. Among them there were common species as Pediastrum boryanum, P. duplex, P. tetras and P. simplex, but also rare spe- cies as P. integrum or P. kawraiskyi. An especially interesting species was P. orientale, the taxon that until now has not been noted in phytoplankton of Polish water bodies. The paper gives descriptions of the genus Pediastrum coenobia and physico-chemical conditions of the habitat. The original documentation of Pediastrum taxa is added. KEY WORDS: Pediastrum taxa, Chlorophyta, phytoplankton, £êczna-W³odawa Lakeland. INRTODUCTION rved in palynological preparations (Jankovská and Komá- rek 2000, Komárek and Jankovská 2001; Nielsen and Lakes of £êczna-W³odawa Lakeland are the only group Sørensen 1992). in Poland located beyond the limits of a continental glacier The taxonomical research of the genus Pediastrum was of the last glaciation. The genesis of lakes is still disputa- not conducted in phytoplankton of £êczna-W³odawa Lake- ble, but the most of them have a termo-karst origin (Hara- land lakes. Only some information on occurrence of this simiuk and Wojtanowicz 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • [BIO32] the Development of a Biosensor for the Detection of PS II Herbicides Using Green Microalgae
    The 4th Annual Seminar of National Science Fellowship 2004 [BIO32] The development of a biosensor for the detection of PS II herbicides using green microalgae Maizatul Suriza Mohamed, Kamaruzaman Ampon, Ann Anton School of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Beg 2073, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Introduction Material & Methods Increasing concern over the presence of herbicides in water body has stimulated Equipments and Chemicals research towards the development of sensitive Fluorometer used was TD700 by Turner method and technology to detect herbicides Designs with 13mm borosilicate cuvettes. residue. Biosensors are particularly of interest Excitation and emission wavelength were for the monitoring of herbicides residue in 340nm-500nm and 665nm. Lamp was water body because various classes of daylight white (185-870nm). Equipment for herbicides have a common biological activity, photographing algae was Nikon which can potentially be used for their Photomicrographic Equipment, Model HIII detection. The most important herbicides are (Eclipse 400 Microscope and 35 mm film the photosystem II herbicide group that photomicrography; prism swing type, inhibits PSII electron transfer at the quinone automatic expose and built-in shutter). binding site resulting in the increase of Chlorophyll standards for fluorometer chlorophyll fluorescence (Merz et al., 1996) calibration were purchased from Turner . Designs, USA. PS II herbicides used were diuron (3-(3,4-dicholorophenyl)-1,1 Signal dimethylurea or DCMU), and propanil (3′,4′- PS II FSU herbicide dichloropropionanilide). Non PS II herbicides used as comparison were 2,4-D (2,4- Meter dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid) and Silvex Algal Chlorophyll Transducer (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid) (Aldrich Sigma).
    [Show full text]
  • Neoproterozoic Origin and Multiple Transitions to Macroscopic Growth in Green Seaweeds
    Neoproterozoic origin and multiple transitions to macroscopic growth in green seaweeds Andrea Del Cortonaa,b,c,d,1, Christopher J. Jacksone, François Bucchinib,c, Michiel Van Belb,c, Sofie D’hondta, f g h i,j,k e Pavel Skaloud , Charles F. Delwiche , Andrew H. Knoll , John A. Raven , Heroen Verbruggen , Klaas Vandepoeleb,c,d,1,2, Olivier De Clercka,1,2, and Frederik Leliaerta,l,1,2 aDepartment of Biology, Phycology Research Group, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; bDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; cVlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; dBioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; eSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; fDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic; gDepartment of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742; hDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; iDivision of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom; jSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; kClimate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW 2006, Australia; and lMeise Botanic Garden, 1860 Meise, Belgium Edited by Pamela S. Soltis, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, and approved December 13, 2019 (received for review June 11, 2019) The Neoproterozoic Era records the transition from a largely clear interpretation of how many times and when green seaweeds bacterial to a predominantly eukaryotic phototrophic world, creat- emerged from unicellular ancestors (8). ing the foundation for the complex benthic ecosystems that have There is general consensus that an early split in the evolution sustained Metazoa from the Ediacaran Period onward.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Engineering of Green Microalgae for the Production of Biofuel and High Value Products
    GENETIC ENGINEERING OF GREEN MICROALGAE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOFUEL AND HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS Joanna Beata Szaub Department of Structural and Molecular Biology University College London A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2012 DECLARATION I, Joanna Beata Szaub confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed: 1 ABSTRACT A major consideration in the exploitation of microalgae as biotechnology platforms is choosing robust, fast-growing strains that are amenable to genetic manipulation. The freshwater green alga Chlorella sorokiniana has been reported as one of the fastest growing and thermotolerant species, and studies in this thesis have confirmed strain UTEX1230 as the most productive strain of C. sorokiniana with doubling time under optimal growth conditions of less than three hours. Furthermore, the strain showed robust growth at elevated temperatures and salinities. In order to enhance the productivity of this strain, mutants with reduced biochemical and functional PSII antenna size were isolated. TAM4 was confirmed to have a truncated antenna and able to achieve higher cell density than WT, particularly in cultures under decreased irradiation. The possibility of genetic engineering this strain has been explored by developing molecular tools for both chloroplast and nuclear transformation. For chloroplast transformation, various regions of the organelle’s genome have been cloned and sequenced, and used in the construction of transformation vectors. However, no stable chloroplast transformant lines were obtained following microparticle bombardment. For nuclear transformation, cycloheximide-resistant mutants have been isolated and shown to possess specific missense mutations within the RPL41 gene.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Evaluation of Microalgae Strains from the Northern Territory
    Isolation and evaluation of microalgae strains from The Northern Territory and Queensland - Australia that have adapted to accumulate triacylglycerides and protein as storage Van Thang Duong Master of Environmental Sciences A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2016 School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Abstract Biodiesel and high-value products from microalgae are researched in many countries. Compared to first generation biofuel crops, advantages of microalgae do not only lead to economic benefits but also to better environmental outcomes. For instance, growth rate and productivity of microalgae are higher than other feedstocks from plant crops. In addition, microalgae grow in a wide range of environmental conditions such as fresh, brackish, saline and even waste water and do not need to compete for arable land or biodiverse landscapes. Microalgae absorb CO2 and sunlight from the atmosphere and convert these into chemical energy and biomass. Thus, the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere plays a very important role in global warming mitigation, as the produced biofuel would replace an equivalent amount of fossil fuel. Based on their high protein contents and rapid growth rates, microalgae are also highly sought after for their potential as a high-protein containing feedstock for animal feed and human consumption. However, despite the promising characteristics of microalgae as a feedstock for feed and fuel, their stable cultivation is still difficult and expensive, as mono-species microalgae can often get contaminated with other algae and grazers. To address this issue I hypothesized that indigenous strains have a highly adaptive capacity to local environments and climatic conditions and therefore may provide good growth rates in the same geographic and climatic locations where they have been collected from.
    [Show full text]
  • JUDD W.S. Et. Al. (2002) Plant Systematics: a Phylogenetic Approach. Chapter 7. an Overview of Green
    UNCORRECTED PAGE PROOFS An Overview of Green Plant Phylogeny he word plant is commonly used to refer to any auto- trophic eukaryotic organism capable of converting light energy into chemical energy via the process of photosynthe- sis. More specifically, these organisms produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll inside of organelles called chloroplasts. Sometimes the term plant is extended to include autotrophic prokaryotic forms, especially the (eu)bacterial lineage known as the cyanobacteria (or blue- green algae). Many traditional botany textbooks even include the fungi, which differ dramatically in being heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms that enzymatically break down living or dead organic material and then absorb the simpler products. Fungi appear to be more closely related to animals, another lineage of heterotrophs characterized by eating other organisms and digesting them inter- nally. In this chapter we first briefly discuss the origin and evolution of several separately evolved plant lineages, both to acquaint you with these important branches of the tree of life and to help put the green plant lineage in broad phylogenetic perspective. We then focus attention on the evolution of green plants, emphasizing sev- eral critical transitions. Specifically, we concentrate on the origins of land plants (embryophytes), of vascular plants (tracheophytes), of 1 UNCORRECTED PAGE PROOFS 2 CHAPTER SEVEN seed plants (spermatophytes), and of flowering plants dons.” In some cases it is possible to abandon such (angiosperms). names entirely, but in others it is tempting to retain Although knowledge of fossil plants is critical to a them, either as common names for certain forms of orga- deep understanding of each of these shifts and some key nization (e.g., the “bryophytic” life cycle), or to refer to a fossils are mentioned, much of our discussion focuses on clade (e.g., applying “gymnosperms” to a hypothesized extant groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Lateral Gene Transfer of Anion-Conducting Channelrhodopsins Between Green Algae and Giant Viruses
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.042127; this version posted April 23, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 5 Lateral gene transfer of anion-conducting channelrhodopsins between green algae and giant viruses Andrey Rozenberg 1,5, Johannes Oppermann 2,5, Jonas Wietek 2,3, Rodrigo Gaston Fernandez Lahore 2, Ruth-Anne Sandaa 4, Gunnar Bratbak 4, Peter Hegemann 2,6, and Oded 10 Béjà 1,6 1Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. 2Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, Berlin 10115, Germany. 3Present address: Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann 15 Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel. 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. 5These authors contributed equally: Andrey Rozenberg, Johannes Oppermann. 6These authors jointly supervised this work: Peter Hegemann, Oded Béjà. e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] 20 ABSTRACT Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are algal light-gated ion channels widely used as optogenetic tools for manipulating neuronal activity 1,2. Four ChR families are currently known. Green algal 3–5 and cryptophyte 6 cation-conducting ChRs (CCRs), cryptophyte anion-conducting ChRs (ACRs) 7, and the MerMAID ChRs 8. Here we 25 report the discovery of a new family of phylogenetically distinct ChRs encoded by marine giant viruses and acquired from their unicellular green algal prasinophyte hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Diversity of Genus Pediastrum Meyen (Chlorophyceae, Algae) in East Nepal
    S.K. Rai and P.K.Our NatureMisra / (2012) Our Nature 10: 16 (2012)7-175 10: 167-175 Taxonomy and Diversity of Genus Pediastrum Meyen (Chlorophyceae, Algae) in East Nepal S.K. Rai1* and P.K. Misra2 1Department of Botany, Post Graduate Campus, T.U., Biratnagar, Nepal 2Phycology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, India *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Pediastrum Meyen is a green algae occurs frequently in lentic environment like pond, puddles, lakes etc. mostly in warm and humid terai region. Twenty taxa of Pediasturm have been reported from Nepal, mostly from central and western part of the country, hitherto. Among them, in the present study, ten taxa of Pediastrum are enumerated also from east Nepal. Taxonomy and diversity of each taxa have been described with photomicrography. Key words: Algae, Chlorophyceae, Pediastrum, Taxonomy, Nepal Introduction Green algae are aquatic plants and act as the combined with silicon oxide which makes pioneer photosynthetic organism or them high resistance to decay. Therefore, producer in the World of ecosystem. The they remain preserved well in lake genus Pediastrum Mayen (Chlorophyceae, sediments as fossil record for palynological Sphaeropleales) is a free floating, coenobial, studies (Komárek and Jankovská, 2001). green algae occurs commonly in natural Thus, the knowledge of Pediastrum can be freshwater lentic environments like ponds, useful for the determination of trophocity or lakes, reservoirs etc. Their occurrence in salinity of water at present and past brackish and salty waters is rare (Parra, (Pasztaleniec and Poniewozik, 2004). 1979). At present, only 24 species of Study on algal flora of Nepal is Pediastrum have been described from the incomplete and sporadic.
    [Show full text]
  • The Draft Genome of Hariotina Reticulata (Sphaeropleales
    Protist, Vol. 170, 125684, December 2019 http://www.elsevier.de/protis Published online date 19 October 2019 ORIGINAL PAPER Protist Genome Reports The Draft Genome of Hariotina reticulata (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta) Provides Insight into the Evolution of Scenedesmaceae a,b,2 c,d,2 b e f Yan Xu , Linzhou Li , Hongping Liang , Barbara Melkonian , Maike Lorenz , f g a,g e,1 a,g,1 Thomas Friedl , Morten Petersen , Huan Liu , Michael Melkonian , and Sibo Wang a BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China b BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China c China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Jinsha Road, Shenzhen 518120, China d Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark e University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen, Faculty of Biology, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany f Department ‘Experimentelle Phykologie und Sammlung von Algenkulturen’ (EPSAG), University of Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073 Göttingen, Germany g Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Submitted October 9, 2019; Accepted October 13, 2019 Hariotina reticulata P. A. Dangeard 1889 (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta) is a common member of the summer phytoplankton of meso- to highly eutrophic water bodies with a worldwide distribution. Here, we report the draft whole-genome shotgun sequencing of H. reticulata strain SAG 8.81. The final assembly comprises 107,596,510 bp with over 15,219 scaffolds (>100 bp). This whole-genome project is publicly available in the CNSA (https://db.cngb.org/cnsa/) of CNGBdb under the accession number CNP0000705. © 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Key words: Scenedesmaceae; genome; algae; comparative genomics.
    [Show full text]
  • The Green Puzzle Stichococcus (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta): New Generic and Species Concept Among This Widely Distributed Genus
    Phytotaxa 441 (2): 113–142 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.2.2 The green puzzle Stichococcus (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta): New generic and species concept among this widely distributed genus THOMAS PRÖSCHOLD1,3* & TATYANA DARIENKO2,4 1 University of Innsbruck, Research Department for Limnology, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria 2 University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute of Plant Sciences, Experimental Phycology and Sammlung für Algenkulturen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany 3 [email protected]; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7858-0434 4 [email protected]; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1957-0076 *Correspondence author Abstract Phylogenetic analyses have revealed that the traditional order Prasiolales, which contains filamentous and pseudoparenchy- matous genera Prasiola and Rosenvingiella with complex life cycle, also contains taxa of more simple morphology such as coccoids like Pseudochlorella and Edaphochlorella or rod-like organisms like Stichococcus and Pseudostichococcus (called Prasiola clade of the Trebouxiophyceae). Recent studies have shown a high biodiversity among these organisms and questioned the traditional generic and species concept. We studied 34 strains assigned as Stichococcus, Pseudostichococcus, Diplosphaera and Desmocococcus. Phylogenetic analyses using a multigene approach revealed that these strains belong to eight independent lineages within the Prasiola clade of the Trebouxiophyceae. For testing if these lineages represent genera, we studied the secondary structures of SSU and ITS rDNA sequences to find genetic synapomorphies. The secondary struc- ture of the V9 region of SSU is diagnostic to support the proposal for separation of eight genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Appendix I
    Appendix I. Chromsome number and nuclear DNA content in species of Chlorophyta DNA amount Original Original Entry ref. for 1C 1C 2C 4C ref. for C- Standard number Species(a) 2n (b) 2n (Mbp)(c) (pg)(d) (pg)(d) (pg)(d) value(e) species(f) Method(g) Charophycean Green Algae CHARALES Characeae 1 Chara aspera Detharding ex Willdenow 28 44 7056 7.2* 14.4 28.8 44 Allium Fe 2 Chara contraria Kützing 56 44 19208 19.6* 39.2 78.4 44 Allium Fe 3 Chara fragilis Desvaux 56 44 18914 19.3* 38.6 77.2 44 Allium Fe 4a Chara tomentosa Linnaeus 28 44 7252 7.4* 14.8 29.6 44 Allium Fe 4b Chara tomentosa (male) 28 Kun 2001 7252 7.4* 14.8 29.6 Kun 2001 Chara MI:EB 4c Chara tomentsoa (female) 28 Kun 2001 6860 7.0* 14.0 28.0 Kun 2001 Chara MI:EB 5 Chara vulgaris Linnaeus 56 44 13230 13.5* 27 54 44 Allium Fe CHLOROKYBALES 6 Chlorokybus atmosphyticus Geitler 98 0.1 0.2* 0.4 43 COLEOCHAETALES Coleochaetaceae 7 Chaetosphaeridium globosum (Nordstedt) Klebahn 1.2* * Gallus MI:DAPI 8 Coleochaete nitellarum Jost 84 49 343 0.35 0.7 1.4* * Gallus MI:DAPI 9a Coleochaete orbicularis Pringsheim 48 49 98 0.1 0.20* 0.4 43 9b C. orbicularis 686 0.7 1.5 3.0* * Gallus MI:DAPI 10 Coleochaete scutata Brébisson 1287 1.3 2.7 5.5* * Gallus MI:DAPI DESMIDIALES1 Closteriaceae 11 Closterium ehrenbergii Meneghini ex Ralfs 60 19 1323 1.40* 2.70* 5.4 19 Mus MI:DAPI Desmidiaceae 12 Cosmarium cucumis Corda 44 39 1960 2.0 4.0* 8 28 Gallus MI:DAPI 13 Cosmarium subcostatum Nordstedt 10 16 539 0.6 1.1* 2.2 28 Gallus MI:DAPI 14 Desmidium swartzii (C.
    [Show full text]