THE ROSE IN ANCIENT GREEK CULTURE © Géczi, János
[email protected] The tablets of Pylos - On the rose motifs in Homeric poetry - Roses of the gods - The choruses - Roses transformed into people: Anacreon and Sappho - Roses in everyday life: From the garland to the floral carpet, from the daub to the artificial flower - Rose allusions in the worldview - Rose symbols of Greek poets of the Hellenistic era - The roses of pederasty, trend toward desanctification - Rose symbols in Greek poetry in the first through third centuries - Forest, park, garden? - Botany - The rose in medicine - Later sources: Summary of the Greek rose thematic - The Greek rose The meaning of the grammatically neuter Greek word for rose, is dual, referring to both the plant and the color pink. The word is probably closest to the Armenian word ward, ‘rose,’ which in turn may originate from Old Persian *urda- (Indo-European *urdho-). (Mayerhofer, however, may originate from the Arabic words warada ‘to bloom’ and waruda ‘to be red.’1) Of its components its color-related meaning – for example, in references to Dawn (Aios2) – indicate that the concepts were brought together by analogous thinking.3 The word primarily evokes a color, but it also designates a plant (more precisely, the flower of a plant) whose color reliably identifies it. The color and the plant (or the flower of the plant), as demonstrated by early Greek sources, appear interchangeable, although there are, indisputably, differences in their meanings. The differences in content in the two homonyms as used in everyday descriptions resulted in an expansion of the semantic content of the word rose, through the Greeks’ emphasis on subtle distinctions and individual thinking.